Coupler draft gear and vehicle having the same

Abstract

This invention provides a coupler buffer device and a vehicle having the same. The coupler buffer device includes: an overload protection structure disposed within the coupler tail frame and located at the second end of the buffer. The overload protection structure includes a first housing, a second housing, and a protective pin. The first and second housings are movable relative to each other in a predetermined direction. The protective pin is disposed on the first housing, and the second housing has a movable hole through which the protective pin passes. The size of the movable hole along the predetermined direction is larger than the size of the protective pin along the predetermined direction. The second end of the coupler is connected to the first vehicle body, and the predetermined direction is parallel to the direction from the front plate to the buffer. One of the first and second housings abuts against the second end of the buffer, and the other abuts against the inner wall of the end of the coupler tail frame away from the coupler. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor buffering capacity in related technologies' coupler buffer devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coupler buffer equipment technology, and more specifically, to a coupler buffer device and a vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] The coupler buffer device is equipped with a buffer, which can buffer the longitudinal force of the vehicle.

[0003] In related technologies, the buffer has the maximum impact resistance. When the longitudinal force on the buffer exceeds the maximum impact resistance, the buffer fails and can no longer play a buffering role, resulting in poor buffering capacity of the coupler buffer device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a coupler buffer device and a vehicle having the same, so as to solve the problem of poor buffering capacity of coupler buffer devices in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a coupler buffer device is provided, comprising: a coupler tail frame, wherein a first end of the coupler is hingedly connected to the coupler tail frame, and a portion of the coupler structure is located within the coupler tail frame; a buffer, disposed within the coupler tail frame; a front actuating plate, disposed within the coupler tail frame and located between the end of the first end of the coupler and the first end of the buffer; and an overload protection structure, disposed within the coupler tail frame and located at the second end of the buffer. The overload protection structure includes a first housing, a second housing, a protective pin, and a reset member. The first housing and the second housing are nested together and are movable relative to each other in a predetermined direction. The protective pin is disposed on the first housing, and the second housing has a movable hole through which the protective pin passes. The size of the movable hole along the predetermined direction is larger than the size of the protective pin along the predetermined direction. The reset member is disposed between the first housing and the second housing. The second end of the coupler is connected to a first vehicle body, and the predetermined direction is parallel to the direction from the front actuating plate to the buffer. One of the first housing and the second housing abuts against the second end of the buffer, and the other abuts against the inner wall of the end of the coupler tail frame away from the coupler.

[0006] Furthermore, an annular groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the protective pin.

[0007] Furthermore, the first housing is provided with mounting holes, and the protective pin passes through the mounting holes.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the protective pin is provided with a threaded section, which engages with the threaded mounting hole, and an annular groove is provided at one end of the threaded section near the second housing.

[0009] Furthermore, there are multiple protective pins and multiple movable holes, with each protective pin corresponding to a different movable hole.

[0010] Furthermore, in a preset direction, the movable hole has a maximum length, and the maximum length of at least one movable hole is greater than the maximum length of the remaining movable holes.

[0011] Furthermore, a stop plate is provided at the end of the protective pin away from the first housing. The stop plate is located on the side of the second housing away from the first housing. And / or, the coupler buffer device also includes a front actuating plate seat, a rear actuating plate, and a rear actuating plate seat. Both the front actuating plate seat and the rear actuating plate seat are provided on the coupler tail frame. The front actuating plate is provided on the front actuating plate seat, and the rear actuating plate is provided on the rear actuating plate seat. The front actuating plate seat, the front actuating plate, the buffer, the overload protection structure, the rear actuating plate, and the rear actuating plate seat are arranged sequentially from the front to the rear of the coupler tail frame.

[0012] Furthermore, a first receiving space communicating with the outside of the first housing is provided inside the first housing, and a second receiving space communicating with the outside of the second housing is provided inside the second housing. The first housing is movably disposed in the second receiving space. The reset member includes a first elastic body, a second elastic body, and a partition disposed between the first elastic body and the second elastic body. The first elastic body is disposed in the first receiving space and abuts against the inner wall of the first housing, and the second elastic body is disposed in the second receiving space and abuts against the inner wall of the second housing.

[0013] Furthermore, the coupler buffer device also includes two spaced-apart first positioning structures. Each first positioning structure includes a first positioning hole and a first positioning post. The axis of the first positioning post is parallel to a preset direction. The first positioning post passes through the first positioning hole. The first positioning hole is located on the first elastic body. The first positioning post is located on the inner wall of the first housing.

[0014] Furthermore, the coupler buffer device also includes two spaced-apart second positioning structures. The second positioning structure includes a second positioning hole and a second positioning post. The axis of the second positioning post is parallel to a preset direction. The second positioning post passes through the second positioning hole. The second positioning hole is located on the second elastic body. The second positioning post is located on the inner wall of the second housing.

[0015] Furthermore, the line connecting the axes of the two first positioning posts is the first connecting line, and the line connecting the axes of the two second positioning posts is the second connecting line. On a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projection of the first connecting line and the projection of the second connecting line are set at an angle. The partition is provided with a first clearance hole for avoiding the first positioning post and a second clearance hole for avoiding the second positioning post.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including a first vehicle body, a second vehicle body, a coupler, and a coupler buffer device, wherein the second end of the coupler is connected to the first vehicle body, the coupler buffer device is the coupler buffer device of any one of claims 1 to 11, the first end of the coupler is connected to the coupler tail frame of the coupler buffer device, and the coupler tail frame is connected to the second vehicle body.

[0017] According to the technical solution of this invention, the coupler buffer device includes a coupler tail frame, a buffer, a front axle plate, and an overload protection structure. The coupler tail frame, buffer, and front axle plate enable buffering of the coupler. When the longitudinal force transmitted from the first car body to the buffer exceeds the buffer's maximum resistance, the buffer is crushed and loses its buffering capacity. However, the overload protection structure ensures that the coupler buffer device can still function as a buffer even after the buffer is crushed, thus enhancing its buffering capacity. Under the action of the buffer, when the first and second housings move relative to each other, they can compress the reset member, causing the reset member to exert a force that moves away from the first and second housings. When the relative movement distance between the first and second housings is large, they can shear the protective pin, i.e., transmit the longitudinal force of the coupler to the protective pin, further improving the buffering capacity of the coupler buffer device. The size of the movable hole along the preset direction is larger than that of the protective pin along the preset direction. This allows the protective pin to move within the movable hole in the preset direction. This ensures that after the reset component absorbs part of the longitudinal force, the first and second housings then exert a squeezing effect on the protective pin, preventing it from shearing the protective pin immediately upon movement of the first and second housings, thus improving the buffering capacity of the overload protection structure. Therefore, the technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of poor buffering capacity in coupler buffer devices in related technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the coupler buffer device according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the overload protection structure of the coupler buffer device;

[0021] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overload protection structure;

[0022] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 An exploded view of the overload protection structure;

[0023] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 Another perspective on the exploded structural diagram of the overload protection structure;

[0024] Figure 6 It shows Figure 1A three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective pin of the overload protection structure.

[0025] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0026] 1. Coupler; 10. Coupler tail frame; 20. Buffer; 30. Front driven plate; 40. Overload protection structure; 41. First housing; 411. Mounting hole; 42. Second housing; 421. Movable hole; 43. Protective pin; 431. Annular groove; 432. Stop plate; 44. Reset component; 441. First elastic body; 442. Second elastic body; 443. Partition plate; 4431. First clearance hole; 4432. Second clearance hole; 50. Front driven plate seat; 60. Rear driven plate; 70. Rear driven plate seat; 80. First positioning structure; 81. First positioning hole; 82. First positioning post; 90. Second positioning structure; 91. Second positioning hole; 92. Second positioning post. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the coupler buffer device of this embodiment includes: a coupler tail frame 10, a buffer 20, a front axle plate 30, and an overload protection structure 40. The first end of the coupler 1 is hinged to the coupler tail frame 10, and part of the structure of the coupler 1 is located inside the coupler tail frame 10. The buffer 20 is disposed inside the coupler tail frame 10. The front axle plate 30 is disposed inside the coupler tail frame 10 and is located between the end of the first end of the coupler 1 and the first end of the buffer 20. An overload protection structure 40 is disposed within the hook tail frame 10 and located at the second end of the buffer 20. The overload protection structure 40 includes a first housing 41, a second housing 42, a protective pin 43, and a reset member 44. The first housing 41 and the second housing 42 are nested together and can move relative to each other in a preset direction. The protective pin 43 is disposed on the first housing 41, and the second housing 42 has a movable hole 421 through which the protective pin 43 passes. The size of the movable hole 421 in the preset direction is larger than the size of the protective pin 43 in the preset direction. The reset member 44 is disposed between the first housing 41 and the second housing 42. The second end of the coupler 1 is connected to the first vehicle body, and the preset direction is parallel to the direction from the front plate 30 to the buffer 20. One of the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 abuts against the second end of the buffer 20, and the other abuts against the inner wall of the end of the hook tail frame 10 away from the coupler 1.

[0031] Applying the technical solution of this embodiment, the coupler buffer device includes a coupler tail frame 10, a buffer 20, a front axle plate 30, and an overload protection structure 40. The coupler tail frame 10, buffer 20, and front axle plate 30 can buffer the coupler 1. When the longitudinal force transmitted from the first car body to the buffer 20 exceeds the maximum resistance of the buffer 20, the buffer 20 is crushed and loses its buffering capacity. However, the overload protection structure ensures that the coupler buffer device can still provide buffering even after the buffer 20 is crushed, thus enhancing its buffering capacity. Under the action of the buffer 20, when the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 move relative to each other, they can compress the reset member 44, causing the reset member 44 to exert a force that moves away from the first housing 41 and the second housing 42. When the relative movement distance of the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 is large, they can shear the protective pin 43, that is, transmit the longitudinal force of the coupler 1 to the protective pin 43, further improving the buffering capacity of the coupler buffer device. The size of the movable hole along the preset direction is larger than the size of the protective pin 43 along the preset direction. This allows the protective pin 43 to move within the movable hole in the preset direction. This ensures that after the reset member 44 absorbs part of the longitudinal force, the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 exert a squeezing effect on the protective pin 43, preventing the protective pin 43 from being sheared immediately upon movement of the first housing 41 and the second housing 42, thus improving the buffering capacity of the overload protection structure. Therefore, the technical solution of this embodiment effectively solves the problem of poor buffering capacity in coupler buffer devices in related technologies.

[0032] It should be noted that the movable hole 421 can be a strip hole, an elliptical hole, or other types of holes.

[0033] Specifically, the protective pin 43 not only absorbs longitudinal force, but also allows the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 to exert a squeezing effect on the reset member 44 after the overload protection structure 40 is assembled, so that the overload protection structure 40 has a large pre-pressure. When the buffer 20 is working normally, the overload protection structure 40 does not play a role.

[0034] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, an annular groove 431 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the protective pin 43. The annular groove 431 is the weakest point of the protective pin 43, which facilitates breakage when the protective pin 43 is subjected to a large shear force.

[0035] It should be noted that the cross-section of the annular groove 431 is V-shaped.

[0036] like Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the first housing 41 is provided with a mounting hole 411, and the protective pin 43 passes through the mounting hole 411. This allows the protective pin 43 to be connected to the first housing 41.

[0037] It should be noted that the annular groove 431 is located inside the mounting hole 411, that is, the end of the annular groove 431 should not protrude from the outer surface of the first housing 41. This ensures that after the protective pin 43 is sheared, the part of the protective pin 43 will not enter the first and second receiving spaces after it detaches from the other part of the structure connecting the protective pin 43 and the first housing 41, thus avoiding affecting the normal operation of the overload protection structure.

[0038] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer periphery of the protective pin 43 is provided with a threaded section, which is threadedly engaged with the mounting hole 411. The threaded section facilitates the connection of the protective pin 43 to the mounting hole 411. An annular groove 431 is provided at one end of the threaded section near the second housing 42, so that the annular groove 431 can also serve as a relief groove for the threaded section, facilitating the machining of the threaded section.

[0039] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, there are multiple protective pins 43 and multiple movable holes, with each protective pin 43 corresponding to one of the multiple movable holes. This further enhances the buffering capacity of the overload protection structure.

[0040] When assembling the overload protection structure 40, the reset member 44 presses against the first housing 41 and the second housing 42, causing multiple protective pins 43 to share the shear force on all protective pins 43, thus avoiding excessive force on a single protective pin 43 and affecting the reliability of the overload protection structure 40 during transportation and use.

[0041] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the movable holes have a maximum length in a preset direction, and the maximum length of at least one movable hole is greater than the maximum length of the remaining movable holes. This ensures that the multiple protective pins 43 of the overload protection structure can provide at least two buffering effects. During the first buffering, the protective pin 43 corresponding to the movable hole with the smaller maximum length is cut off; during the second buffering, the protective pin 43 corresponding to the movable hole with the larger maximum length is cut off. This improves the sensitivity of the overload protection structure 40 in releasing and ensures that one or two excessive loads will not cause the overload protection structure 40 to release, that is, it will not cause all the protective pins 43 to break. Only after several excessive loads will the buffer 20 be considered to have failed.

[0042] Specifically, when multiple protective pins 43 are cut off, the first protective pin 43 to be cut off is the protective pin 43 that corresponds to the movable hole with the smallest maximum length, and the last protective pin 43 to be cut off is the protective pin 43 that corresponds to the movable hole with the largest maximum length.

[0043] It should be noted that the maximum length of the movable hole 421 and the diameter of the corresponding protective pin 43 are inversely proportional; that is, the greater the maximum length, the smaller the diameter of the protective pin 43. This ensures that when the relative movement distance between the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 is small, the protective pin 43 can provide a greater energy absorption capacity, and when the relative movement distance between the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 is large, the protective pin 43 can break in time, ensuring that the overload protection structure 40 can play a buffering role.

[0044] like Figures 2 to 4 as well as Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a stop plate 432 is provided at the end of the protective pin 43 away from the first housing 41, and the stop plate 432 is located on the side of the second housing 42 away from the first housing 41. This can limit the distance that the protective pin 43 can move towards the first housing 41, and ensure the contact distance between the protective pin 43 and the second housing 42.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the coupler buffer device further includes a front actuating plate seat 50, a rear actuating plate 60, and a rear actuating plate seat 70. Both the front actuating plate seat 50 and the rear actuating plate seat 70 are mounted on the coupler tail frame 10. The front actuating plate 30 is mounted on the front actuating plate seat 50, and the rear actuating plate 60 is mounted on the rear actuating plate seat 70. The front actuating plate seat 50, the front actuating plate 30, the buffer 20, the overload protection structure 40, the rear actuating plate 60, and the rear actuating plate seat 70 are arranged sequentially from the front to the rear of the coupler tail frame 10. Force transmission can be achieved through the front actuating plate seat 50, the front actuating plate 30, the rear actuating plate 60, and the rear actuating plate seat 70. When the buffer 20 is compressed, it can push the overload protection structure 40 towards the rear actuating plate 60, thereby transmitting longitudinal force to the overload protection structure 40.

[0046] One of the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 abuts against the buffer 20, and the other abuts against the rear abutment plate 60.

[0047] The coupler tail frame 10, buffer 20, front actuating plate 30, front actuating plate seat 50 and rear actuating plate 60 of the coupler buffer device can be the corresponding structure in Chinese invention patent application number: 202510879302.9, or other structures in the prior art.

[0048] like Figures 2 to 5As shown, in this embodiment, a first receiving space communicating with the outside of the first housing 41 is provided inside the first housing 41, and a second receiving space communicating with the outside of the second housing 42 is provided inside the second housing 42. The first housing 41 is movably disposed within the second receiving space. The reset member 44 includes a first elastic body 441, a second elastic body 442, and a partition 443 disposed between the first elastic body 441 and the second elastic body 442. The first elastic body 441 is disposed within the first receiving space and abuts against the inner wall of the first housing 41, and the second elastic body 442 is disposed within the second receiving space and abuts against the inner wall of the second housing 42. By providing the first elastic body 441, the second elastic body 442, and the partition 443, the first elastic body 441 and the second elastic body 442 can provide elastic force, giving the reset member 44 better cushioning capability. Under the action of the first housing 41 and the second housing 42, the first elastic body 441 and the second elastic body 442 can be compressed.

[0049] It should be noted that the reset member 44 has a pre-compressed state and an unfolded state. When the reset member 44 is in the pre-compressed state, it is squeezed by the first housing 41 and the second housing 42. After all the protective pins 43 are cut off, the reset member 44 switches to the unfolded state, and the distance between the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 can be increased. As a result, the overload protection structure 40 can occupy the gap between the rear plate 60 and the buffer 20 caused by the failure of the buffer 20. That is, the free height of the overload protection structure 40 increases, and it will continuously and stably replace the buffer 20.

[0050] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the coupler buffer device further includes two spaced-apart first positioning structures 80. Each first positioning structure 80 includes a first positioning hole 81 and a first positioning post 82. The axis of the first positioning post 82 is parallel to a preset direction. The first positioning post 82 passes through the first positioning hole 81, which is located on the first elastic body 441. The first positioning post 82 is located on the inner wall of the first housing 41. Through this arrangement, the relative position between the first elastic body 441 and the first housing 41 can be positioned. Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the coupler buffer device further includes two spaced-apart second positioning structures 90. Each second positioning structure 90 includes a second positioning hole 91 and a second positioning post 92. The axis of the second positioning post 92 is parallel to a preset direction. The second positioning post 92 passes through the second positioning hole 91, which is located on the second elastic body 442. The second positioning post 92 is located on the inner wall of the second housing 42. Through this arrangement, the relative position between the second elastic body 442 and the second housing 42 can be positioned.

[0051] It should be noted that the first positioning structure 80 also includes a third positioning hole provided on the second elastic body 442. The third positioning hole is provided in correspondence with the first positioning hole 81, so that when the reset member 44 is compressed, the second elastic body 442 can avoid the first positioning post 82, which facilitates the compression of the reset member 44.

[0052] The second positioning structure 90 also includes a fourth positioning hole provided on the first elastic body 441. The fourth positioning hole is provided in correspondence with the second positioning hole 91, so that when the reset member 44 is compressed, the first elastic body 441 can avoid the second positioning post 92, which facilitates the compression of the reset member 44.

[0053] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the line connecting the axes of the two first positioning posts 82 is the first connecting line, and the line connecting the axes of the two second positioning posts 92 is the second connecting line. On a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projections of the first connecting line and the second connecting line are set at an angle. The partition plate 443 is provided with a first clearance hole 4431 for avoiding the first positioning post 82 and a second clearance hole 4432 for avoiding the second positioning post 92. This can prevent the first positioning post 82 from contacting the second positioning post 92 in the preset direction, thus avoiding affecting the stroke of the overload protection structure 40, that is, avoiding affecting the minimum distance between the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 of the overload protection structure 40.

[0054] The overload protection structure 40 in this embodiment can perform the following functions:

[0055] (1) When the longitudinal force of the vehicle exceeds the maximum resistance of the buffer, the buffer will be crushed and lose its buffering capacity, and the overload protection structure will begin to function. When the overload protection structure functions, and the stroke is within a certain range, the pre-short pin will not be sheared.

[0056] (2) When the longitudinal force on the vehicle increases further and exceeds a certain limit, it is considered that the buffer at that position has completely lost its buffering capacity due to faults such as jamming or leakage. Then the pre-shortening pins of the overload protection structure are successively sheared off. After the buffer loses its pre-shortening function and recovers, the free height increases, filling the gap caused by the failure of the buffer.

[0057] The overload protection structure 40 in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0058] (1) The overload protection structure 40 can be reused and is economical.

[0059] (2) No need to change the structure of other components of the existing coupler buffer system, i.e. the coupler buffer device, and the replacement cost is low.

[0060] (3) Protect the vehicle from rigid impact when it is under heavy load and the buffer 20 loses its buffering function.

[0061] (4) When the buffer 20 is crushed and cannot provide a buffering effect, the overload protection structure is released and the overload protection structure provides a buffering effect.

[0062] (5) The overload protection structure 40 will not cause damage to the structure after being subjected to a large load, and can continue to provide unexpected protection for the hook and buffer device.

[0063] (6) The overload protection structure 40 will not release after being subjected to a very large load. It will only release after being subjected to 2-3 excessive loads. This is to prevent accidental damage to the vehicle and allow the overload protection structure to release.

[0064] (7) The overload protection structure 40 can play a protective role when subjected to large longitudinal tensile or compressive forces. That is, the buffer 20 can have different characteristics under tensile and compressive conditions, thereby adapting to the needs of the buffer 20 characteristics under different working conditions.

[0065] The vehicle in this embodiment includes a first vehicle body, a second vehicle body, a coupler 1, and a coupler buffer device. The second end of the coupler 1 is connected to the first vehicle body. The coupler buffer device is the aforementioned coupler buffer device. The first end of the coupler 1 is connected to the coupler tail frame 10 of the coupler buffer device, and the coupler tail frame 10 is connected to the second vehicle body. The coupler buffer device is equipped with an overload protection structure, which allows the coupler buffer device to continue to provide buffering even after the buffer 20 is crushed, thus enhancing its buffering capacity. In a preset direction, the protective pin 43 of the coupler buffer device can move within the movable hole. This allows the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 of the coupler buffer device to exert a squeezing effect on the protective pin 43 only after the reset member 44 absorbs part of the longitudinal force, preventing the first housing 41 and the second housing 42 from shearing the protective pin 43 immediately upon movement, thereby improving the buffering capacity of the overload protection structure. The vehicle equipped with the aforementioned coupler buffer device also possesses the above advantages. The first vehicle body can transmit longitudinal force to the coupler buffer device through the coupler 1, and then to the second vehicle body through the coupler tail frame 10.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal," and "top, bottom" indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0067] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0068] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coupler buffer device, characterized in that, include: The first end of the hook (1) is hinged to the hook tail frame (10), and part of the structure of the hook (1) is located inside the hook tail frame (10). A buffer (20) is disposed within the hook tail frame (10); The front axle plate (30) is disposed within the hook tail frame (10) and located between the end of the first end of the hook (1) and the first end of the buffer (20); An overload protection structure (40) is disposed within the hook tail frame (10) and located at the second end of the buffer (20). The overload protection structure (40) includes a first housing (41), a second housing (42), a protective pin (43), and a reset member (44). The first housing (41) and the second housing (42) are nested together and can move relative to each other in a preset direction. The protective pin (43) is disposed on the first housing (41), and the second housing (42) is provided with a movable hole (421). The protective pin (43) passes through the movable hole (421). The size of the movable hole (421) along the preset direction is larger than the size of the protective pin (43) along the preset direction. The reset member (44) is disposed between the first housing (41) and the second housing (42). The second end of the coupler (1) is connected to the first vehicle body. The preset direction is parallel to the direction from the front plate (30) to the buffer (20). One of the first housing (41) and the second housing (42) abuts against the second end of the buffer (20), and the other abuts against the inner wall of the end of the hook tail frame (10) away from the coupler (1).

2. The coupler buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the protective pin (43) is provided with an annular groove (431).

3. The coupler buffer device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first housing (41) is provided with a mounting hole (411), and the protective pin (43) passes through the mounting hole (411).

4. The coupler buffer device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the protective pin (43) is provided with a threaded section, which is threadedly engaged with the mounting hole (411), and the annular groove (431) is provided at one end of the threaded section near the second housing (42).

5. The coupler buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The protective pin (43) and the movable hole (421) each include multiple ones, and the multiple protective pins (43) and the multiple movable holes (421) are arranged one-to-one.

6. The coupler buffer device according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the preset direction, the movable hole (421) has a maximum length, and the maximum length of at least one of the movable holes (421) is greater than the maximum length of the other movable holes (421).

7. The coupler buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, A stop plate (432) is provided at the end of the protective pin (43) away from the first housing (41). The stop plate (432) is located on the side of the second housing (42) away from the first housing (41). And / or, the coupler buffer device also includes a front axle plate seat (50), a rear axle plate (60) and a rear axle plate seat (70). The front axle plate seat (50) and the rear axle plate seat (70) are both provided on the coupler tail frame (10). The front axle plate (30) is provided on the front axle plate seat (50), and the rear axle plate (60) is provided on the rear axle plate seat (70). The front axle plate seat (50), the front axle plate (30), the buffer (20), the overload protection structure (40), the rear axle plate (60) and the rear axle plate seat (70) are arranged sequentially from the front to the rear of the coupler tail frame (10).

8. The coupler buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The first housing (41) has a first accommodating space communicating with the outside of the first housing (41), and the second housing (42) has a second accommodating space communicating with the outside of the second housing (42). The first housing (41) is movably disposed in the second accommodating space. The reset member (44) includes a first elastic body (441), a second elastic body (442), and a partition (443) disposed between the first elastic body (441) and the second elastic body (442). The first elastic body (441) is disposed in the first accommodating space and abuts against the inner wall of the first housing (41). The second elastic body (442) is disposed in the second accommodating space and abuts against the inner wall of the second housing (42).

9. The coupler buffer device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coupler buffer device further includes two spaced-apart first positioning structures (80). The first positioning structure (80) includes a first positioning hole (81) and a first positioning post (82). The axis of the first positioning post (82) is parallel to the preset direction. The first positioning post (82) passes through the first positioning hole (81). The first positioning hole (81) is located on the first elastic body (441). The first positioning post (82) is located on the inner wall of the first housing (41).

10. The coupler buffer device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The coupler buffer device further includes two spaced second positioning structures (90). The second positioning structure (90) includes a second positioning hole (91) and a second positioning post (92). The axis of the second positioning post (92) is parallel to the preset direction. The second positioning post (92) passes through the second positioning hole (91). The second positioning hole (91) is disposed on the second elastic body (442). The second positioning post (92) is disposed on the inner wall of the second housing (42).

11. The coupler buffer device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The line connecting the axes of the two first positioning posts (82) is the first connecting line, and the line connecting the axes of the two second positioning posts (92) is the second connecting line. On a plane perpendicular to the preset direction, the projections of the first connecting line and the second connecting line are set at an angle. The partition (443) is provided with a first clearance hole (4431) to avoid the first positioning post (82) and a second clearance hole (4432) to avoid the second positioning post (92).

12. A vehicle comprising a first body, a second body, a coupler (1), and a coupler buffer device, wherein a second end of the coupler (1) is connected to the first body, characterized in that, The coupler buffer device is the coupler buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first end of the coupler (1) is connected to the coupler tail frame (10) of the coupler buffer device, and the coupler tail frame (10) is connected to the second car body.

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