A method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation and application thereof

Abstract

This invention proposes a rapid humification method for weeds based on electron beam irradiation, comprising the following steps: S1, pretreating the weed raw materials to obtain an organic matrix for the humification reaction; S2, preparing a composite catalyst, adding the composite catalyst to the organic matrix to obtain a mixture, and then subjecting it to electron beam irradiation treatment, wherein the composite catalyst includes a mixed solution of iron salts containing Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ and attapulgite; S3, drying and pulverizing the treated mixture to obtain a product with fulvic acid as the main component. By constructing a synergistic system of hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst and electron beam, the rapid and directional conversion of weed organic matter into fulvic acid is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, and in particular to a method and application for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation. Background Technology

[0002] Weeds, as a widespread plant group in farmland and ecosystems, often cause a series of ecological and economic problems due to their rampant growth, such as reduced crop yields, land degradation, and decreased biodiversity. Efficiently humifying weeds and converting them into highly bioactive fulvic acid fertilizers is an effective utilization path that combines environmental remediation and resource recovery value. Electron beam irradiation technology, due to its high efficiency and cleanliness, has been applied in the harmless and resource-based treatment of agricultural organic waste (such as crop straw and livestock manure). It directly destroys the molecular structure of organic matter through high-energy electrons, achieving rapid degradation and transformation. However, when treating biomass with high cellulose and lignin content, such as weeds, direct irradiation often leads to excessive decomposition of organic matter into small molecular products or complete mineralization, making it difficult to directionally convert it into fulvic acid substances with a moderate degree of humification and high bioactivity. For example, studies have shown that electron beam irradiation can destroy the aromatic structure and reduce the activity of humic acid substances, thus weakening their agricultural value.

[0003] Meanwhile, catalysts such as attapulgite have been widely studied in the field of adsorption and catalytic degradation of environmental pollutants due to their excellent adsorption performance and catalytic activity. These catalysts can promote specific reactions through their surface active sites, but their application in the directional conversion of biomass is still limited.

[0004] Therefore, how to combine the efficient energy input of electron beams with catalysts to achieve the rapid and directional conversion of weeds into fulvic acid organic fertilizer under mild conditions has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method and application for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation, which solves the technical problems of low product activity, poor selectivity and low catalytic efficiency of existing electron beam irradiation.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation includes the following steps: S1, pre-treating the weed raw materials to obtain an organic matrix for humification reaction; S2, Preparation of a composite catalyst: The composite catalyst is added to the organic matrix to obtain a mixture, which is then subjected to electron beam irradiation treatment. The composite catalyst includes Fe... 2+ and Fe 3+ A mixture of iron salts and attapulgite; S3. The treated mixture is dried and pulverized to obtain a product with fulvic acid as the main component.

[0007] Based on this technical solution, step S1 further includes: The raw materials of weeds are mechanically crushed, and the crushed raw materials are then cleaned of impurities and their moisture content is adjusted to 80-95% to obtain an organic matrix.

[0008] Based on this technical solution, the particle size of the crushed weed particles is 1-5mm, and impurities are removed by a vibrating screen with a sieve aperture of 0.8-1.2mm.

[0009] Based on this technical solution, step S2 further includes: S2.1, Disperse attapulgite in water to form a suspension, and prepare a solution containing Fe. 2+ and Fe 3+ The iron salt mixture solution was mixed with a suspension under ultrasonic action, and then an alkaline solution was added dropwise until the pH of the system was 9-11 to carry out a co-precipitation reaction. The mixture was then separated, washed and dried to obtain the composite catalyst. S2.2, the composite catalyst is added to the organic matrix, dispersed and mixed to ensure full contact between the composite catalyst and the organic matrix, resulting in a mixture. The mixture is then spread or loaded into the electron beam irradiation area for electron beam irradiation.

[0010] Based on this technical solution, further, in step S2.1, the ultrasonic power is 200-800W, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 30-90min, wherein Fe 2+ with Fe 3+ The molar ratio is 1:1.5-2.2.

[0011] Based on this technical solution, in step S2.2, the amount of composite catalyst added is 5%-15% of the mass of the organic matrix, and the suspension concentration of attapulgite is 2.5-5%.

[0012] Based on this technical solution, the electron beam irradiation conditions in step S2.2 further include: an electron beam irradiation dose rate of 1-10 kGy / min, an irradiation time of 10-60 min, and a temperature of 40-70℃ during the irradiation process.

[0013] Based on this technical solution, furthermore, the drying temperature in step S3 is 60-65℃, and the moisture content of the mixture is less than 10%. Secondly, the present invention provides an application of a rapid weed humification method based on electron beam irradiation, wherein fulvic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by any of the rapid weed humification methods based on electron beam irradiation in the first aspect, and the fulvic acid content is greater than 20%.

[0014] The rapid humification method for weeds based on electron beam irradiation and its application described in this invention have the following advantages over existing technologies: By combining a composite catalyst constructed from a mixed iron salt solution and attapulgite with an electron beam, directional catalysis and efficient energy input were effectively achieved. The composite catalyst was prepared by ultrasonic co-precipitation, with uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles and abundant active sites. Combined with the porous adsorption properties of attapulgite, it can capture active particles generated by electron beam irradiation and directionally guide the breakdown of recalcitrant organic matter such as cellulose and lignin in weeds into fulvic acid, avoiding the decrease in product activity caused by indiscriminate degradation. Furthermore, it can enhance energy utilization efficiency through synergistic effects, completely solving the defect of slow reaction rate of simple catalysis, and qualitatively improving the selectivity of humification reaction and the bioactivity of products.

[0015] By leveraging the synergistic effect of electron beam clean energy and composite catalysts, the entire process eliminates the need for external chemical oxidants, preventing secondary pollution at the source and aligning with the green development concept of agricultural solid waste resource utilization. The composite catalyst, with its magnetic properties, allows for convenient separation and recovery, reducing material loss. This system successfully transforms weeds, an environmental hazard, into high-value-added humic acid organic fertilizer, realizing a process from harmless treatment to resource utilization. It not only solves the ecological problems caused by rampant weeds but also provides efficient fertilizer for agricultural production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a comparison of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the pulverized weeds before reaction and the humified slurry after reaction in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison of the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the pulverized weeds before reaction and the humified slurry after reaction in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a trend graph showing the effect of different electron beam irradiation doses on the yield of fulvic acid in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4This is a trend graph showing the effect of different amounts of hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst added on the yield of fulvic acid in Example 3 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the growth of potted Chinese cabbage plants grown with the humic acid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention and the blank control group. Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the growth indicators of Chinese cabbage grown with the humic acid organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of this invention and the blank control group. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Weeds are rich in recalcitrant components such as cellulose and lignin. Electron beam irradiation alone can easily lead to excessive mineralization of organic matter and low product activity, while catalysis alone results in insufficient conversion efficiency. This invention constructs a synergistic system of hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst and electron beam to achieve rapid and directional conversion of weed organic matter into fulvic acid. Fe3O4 acts as an electron transfer medium, regulating the electron distribution at the reaction interface and promoting the effective utilization of active species. Attapulgite, with its high specific surface area and porous structure, adsorbs reactants and enriches intermediates, forming a localized high-concentration reaction microenvironment. In this system, the high energy input provided by the electron beam rapidly breaks down the stubborn structure of weed organic matter, generating active fragments. The composite catalyst adsorbs and guides these fragments to undergo directional polymerization and recombination, effectively inhibiting their random conversion into small molecules or mineralized products, thereby achieving efficient and directional conversion of weed organic matter into high-content, highly active fulvic acid.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, a method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the weed raw materials to obtain an organic matrix for humification reaction. The pre-treatment includes mechanical crushing, impurity removal and moisture content adjustment. The final moisture content of the organic matrix is ​​controlled at 80%-95%.

[0021] Specifically, S1 includes: S1.1 Select fresh weed raw materials, remove inorganic impurities such as stones and metal fragments, and then feed them into a high-speed rotary pulverizer for mechanical pulverization, controlling the particle size of the pulverized weed particles to be 1-5mm. This particle size range can fully expose the cellulose and lignin structure inside the weeds, increase the contact area with the catalyst, and at the same time avoid the particles being too fine, which would cause agglomeration and affect the uniform penetration of subsequent irradiation energy.

[0022] S1.2 The crushed weed particles are passed through a vibrating screen with a pore size of 0.8-1.2mm for secondary impurity removal to ensure the purity of the organic matrix and avoid impurities interfering with the catalytic reaction or damaging the irradiation equipment.

[0023] S1.3. Adjust the moisture content of the weed particles after weed removal. Prioritize using the exudate from the weeds themselves to replenish moisture. If the exudate is insufficient, supplement with deionized water. Stir well and let stand for 10-20 minutes. The reason for controlling the moisture content at 80%-95% is that this humidity level provides a stable mass transfer environment for the subsequent catalytic reaction, promoting the diffusion of active particles generated by electron beam irradiation, while avoiding excessive moisture leading to electron beam energy scattering, or excessive moisture causing the reaction system to dry out and the reaction to be incomplete.

[0024] The crushing and screening equipment used above are all existing products, and their usage methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] When the particle size is too large, the internal structures of cellulose and lignin are difficult for the electron beam energy and catalyst active sites to reach, resulting in low conversion efficiency. When the particle size is too small, the particles are prone to agglomeration and clumping, causing the catalyst to not adhere evenly, and heat is easily accumulated during irradiation, leading to localized over-mineralization of organic matter. Selecting a vibrating screen with an aperture size that matches the crushed particle size can efficiently separate substandard coarse particles and residual impurities, ensuring the stability of subsequent reactions.

[0026] S2. Prepare a hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst, add the composite catalyst to the organic matrix to form a mixture, and then subject the mixture to electron beam irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is controlled at 10-40 kGy.

[0027] Specifically, S2 includes: S2.1 Preparation of hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst. The preparation process adopts ultrasonic co-precipitation method, specifically including: a) Disperse the purified attapulgite in deionized water and stir to form a uniform suspension. The dispersion concentration of the attapulgite is adjusted according to the volume of the subsequent iron salt mixed solution to ensure that the two are fully mixed.

[0028] b) Preparation containing Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ A mixed solution of iron salts, controlling Fe 2+with Fe 3+ The molar ratio is 1:1.5-1:2.2, which ensures the formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with high purity and strong catalytic activity, and avoids the reduction of catalyst active sites due to ion imbalance.

[0029] c) Under ultrasonic treatment, a mixed solution of iron salts is mixed with an attapulgite suspension, followed by slow dropwise addition of alkaline solution until the pH of the system reaches 9-11, maintaining the ultrasonic environment for co-precipitation. The ultrasonic power is 200-800W, the frequency is 20-40kHz, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 30-90 minutes. The cavitation effect of ultrasound promotes the full dispersion of attapulgite, prevents the agglomeration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and ensures that active sites are uniformly distributed on the surface of the attapulgite. Maintaining an alkaline environment of pH 9-11 provides a suitable environment for Fe... 2+ and Fe 3+ The coprecipitation reaction provides suitable thermodynamic conditions to ensure that Fe3O4 particles are firmly deposited in the porous structure of attapulgite.

[0030] d) After the coprecipitation reaction is completed, the precipitate is quickly collected by magnetic separation technology using the magnetic properties of ferric hydroxide to avoid catalyst loss caused by traditional filtration methods. The precipitate is repeatedly washed with deionized water until the filtrate is neutral to remove unreacted iron ions and alkaline residues. Then it is dried to obtain the composite catalyst.

[0031] S2.2 Add the catalyst to the organic matrix obtained in step S1 at a ratio of 5-15g of composite catalyst per 100g of wet organic matrix, and mechanically stir at a rate of 100-200rpm for 10-30min. This addition ratio is based on the compatibility optimization of the catalyst active sites with the organic matter of weeds. When the addition amount is less than 5g, the number of active sites is insufficient, and it is not possible to fully capture active particles such as ·OH generated by the electron beam, resulting in low directional conversion efficiency; when it is more than 15g, the catalyst is prone to agglomeration, which leads to a decrease in the utilization rate of active sites and increases production costs. Controlling the stirring rate and time can ensure uniform contact between the catalyst and the organic matrix, forming a stable reaction system, laying the foundation for subsequent synergistic catalysis.

[0032] S2.3. Spread the uniformly mixed material evenly on the irradiation disk, controlling the thickness to 1-3 cm, and then send it into the electron beam irradiation device for catalytic reaction. Controlling the thickness of the spread ensures that the electron beam energy penetrates the material uniformly, avoiding uneven energy absorption between the surface and inner layers due to excessive thickness. The electron beam irradiation dose rate is 1-10 kGy / min, and the reaction time is 10-60 min. This combination of parameters works synergistically with the amount of catalyst added: when the dose rate is below 1 kGy / min, the energy input is insufficient, making it difficult to break the chemical bonds of cellulose and lignin; when it is above 10 kGy / min, the local energy is too concentrated, which can easily lead to over-mineralization of organic matter; the reaction time of 10-60 min ensures that the organic matter is directionally converted into fulvic acid, while avoiding incomplete reaction or damage to the activity of the product.

[0033] The ultrasonic equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and electron beam irradiation device used above are all existing products, and their usage methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] The role of the composite catalyst is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Hydroxyferric oxide provides abundant active sites, which can activate the active particles generated by electron beam irradiation, directionally breaking specific chemical bonds in weed organic matter and guiding its conversion into fulvic acid; the porous structure of attapulgite combines adsorption and carrier stability, enabling it to adsorb both weed organic matter and active particles, forming a localized high-concentration reaction zone to enhance energy utilization efficiency, while also preventing the aggregation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and improving the structural stability of the catalyst. The synergistic effect of the electron beam and the catalyst overcomes the shortcomings of traditional single-treatment methods: the electron beam provides efficient energy input, rapidly breaking down the structural barriers of recalcitrant organic matter; the catalyst plays a directional guiding role, preventing indiscriminate degradation of organic matter and ensuring high content and high activity of fulvic acid.

[0035] Furthermore, the material temperature will spontaneously maintain between 40-70℃ during the irradiation reaction, eliminating the need for additional temperature control. This temperature range is formed by the synergistic exothermic effect of the electron beam and the catalyst, which can both activate the active sites of the catalyst and accelerate the reaction rate, while avoiding the destruction of the aromatic structure and biological activity of fulvic acid by high temperatures. At the same time, it is lower than the high temperature range of traditional composting, reducing energy consumption and loss of nutrients in the product.

[0036] S3. The irradiated mixture is dried and pulverized to obtain weed-derived fulvic acid organic fertilizer with fulvic acid as the main component.

[0037] Specifically, S3 includes: S3.1. The reacted material is sent to a forced-air drying oven for low-temperature drying, with the drying temperature controlled at 50-70℃, until the moisture content of the material is below 10%. Low-temperature drying can prevent fulvic acid from being degraded by high temperature, and a moisture content of less than 10% can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms during the storage of organic fertilizer, prevent fulvic acid degradation and product mold growth, and extend the shelf life.

[0038] S3.2. The dried material is fed into a high-speed pulverizer for pulverization, and the particle size of the pulverized organic fertilizer is controlled to be 50-300 mesh. This particle size range ensures the dispersibility of the organic fertilizer during application, facilitates its full integration with the soil, improves the crop's nutrient absorption efficiency, and avoids uneven application due to excessively large particle size.

[0039] The drying and pulverizing equipment used above are all existing products, and their usage methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0040] Example 1 Weigh 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 92%, crush it to a particle size of 2-4mm using a high-speed rotary pulverizer, and remove impurities by passing it through a 1.0mm aperture vibrating sieve to obtain the organic matrix. Add 20g of hydroxyl iron tetroxide / attapulgite composite catalyst at a ratio of 10g per 100g of wet-weight weeds, and mechanically stir at a speed of 160r / min for 25min to ensure that the catalyst and organic matrix are uniformly mixed.

[0041] The composite catalyst was prepared by ultrasonic co-precipitation: 8g of purified attapulgite was dispersed in 320mL of deionized water and ultrasonically pre-dispersed for 40min; 8.64g of FeCl3·6H2O and 4.45g of FeSO4·7H2O were weighed and dissolved in 160mL of deionized water to prepare an iron salt mixed solution; the iron salt mixed solution and the attapulgite suspension were mixed under ultrasonic waves at 500W and 30kHz, and ammonia was added dropwise until the pH of the system reached 10.5. The ultrasonic reaction was continued for 70min, and the precipitate was collected by magnetic separation. The precipitate was washed with deionized water until the filtrate was neutral, dried under vacuum at 65℃ for 5h, and then ground through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the final product. The mixture was spread evenly on an irradiation disk with a thickness of 2.5cm and fed into an electron beam irradiation device. The irradiation dose was set to 30kGy and the dose rate to 6kGy / min. The irradiation reaction was carried out for 5min, during which the material temperature rose to 65℃.

[0042] Simultaneously, after irradiation, the reacted materials were subjected to spectral characterization, and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, characteristic fluorescence peaks migrated from the protein and soluble microbial product regions before the reaction to the fulvic acid and humic acid regions, confirming the directional transformation of organic matter; the UV-Vis absorption spectrum is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the absorption peak intensity of the product at 254 nm was significantly enhanced, indicating the formation of fulvic acid structure. Subsequently, the material was dried in a 65℃ forced-air drying oven to a moisture content of 8%, and then pulverized through a 180-mesh sieve using a high-speed pulverizer to obtain approximately 23g of powdered fulvic acid organic fertilizer. The fulvic acid content was tested to be 24.2% (dry basis).

[0043] Example 2 Weigh 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 88%, crush it to a particle size of 1-3mm, and remove impurities by passing it through a 1.0mm vibrating sieve. Add 16g of composite catalyst and stir at 150r / min for 20min. Spread the mixture to a thickness of 2cm and irradiate it in an electron beam irradiation device with a dose of 25kGy and a dose rate of 5kGy / min for 6min. The material temperature spontaneously rises to 62℃. Subsequently, dry it at 60℃ to a moisture content of 7%, crush it through a 150-mesh sieve, and obtain approximately 22.5g of humic acid organic fertilizer.

[0044] Take another 200g of the same batch of weed raw materials, and follow the above steps, only adjusting the electron beam dose to 15kGy, 35kGy, and 45kGy, while keeping other conditions unchanged. Measure the fulvic acid yield at different doses, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, by Figure 3 It can be seen that when the electron beam dose is in the range of 10-40 kGy, the yield of fulvic acid first increases significantly with the increase of dose and then tends to stabilize. The yield is 17.8% at 15 kGy, 23.8% at 25 kGy, 24.5% at 35 kGy, and drops to 19.3% at 45 kGy due to excessive mineralization, further verifying that 10-40 kGy is an efficient dose window.

[0045] Example 3 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 90% was weighed, pulverized to a particle size of 2-5mm and impurities were removed, and 18g of composite catalyst was added. The catalyst was prepared as follows: 9g of purified attapulgite was dispersed in 360mL of deionized water and ultrasonically pre-dispersed for 35min; 9.72g of FeCl3·6H2O and 4.90g of FeSO4·7H2O were weighed and dissolved in 180mL of deionized water, mixed under 600W, 25kHz ultrasonication, ammonia was added dropwise until pH=10, and the ultrasonic reaction was continued for 65min. After magnetic separation, washing, drying at 60℃ for 4h, and passing through a 200-mesh sieve, the mixture was spread to a thickness of 2.2cm, irradiated with an electron beam dose of 32kGy at a dose rate of 7kGy / min for 4.5min, raising the material temperature to 64℃. Subsequently, it was dried at 62℃ to a moisture content of 9%, pulverized, and passed through a 160-mesh sieve to obtain approximately 22.8g of humic acid organic fertilizer.

[0046] Multiple samples of the same batch of weed raw materials were taken, and the electron beam dose was fixed at 30 kGy. The catalyst addition was adjusted to 3 g, 6 g, 10 g, 14 g, and 20 g / 100 g wet weight weeds. Other conditions were the same as in this example. The fulvic acid yield was determined and a trend graph was plotted. Figure 4 It can be seen that when the catalyst addition amount is in the range of 5-15g, the yield first increases and then stabilizes with the increase of the addition amount. The yield is only 15.1% at 3g, 23.5% at 8g, 24.8% at 12g, and drops to 21.2% at 20g due to particle agglomeration. This confirms that the addition amount of composite catalyst is 5%-15% of the mass of organic matrix, which is the appropriate addition amount range.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that there is no electron beam irradiation treatment.

[0048] 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 92% was weighed, crushed and impurities removed according to the steps in Example 1, 20g of the same batch of composite catalyst was added, stirred at 160r / min for 25min, and then heated in a 60℃ water bath for 120min without electron beam irradiation. Subsequently, it was dried at 65℃ to a moisture content of 8%, crushed and passed through an 180-mesh sieve to obtain approximately 24g of product.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that no composite catalyst was added.

[0050] 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 92% was weighed, crushed and impurities removed according to the steps in Example 1, without the addition of a composite catalyst, and directly spread into a 2.5cm thick layer. It was then placed into an electron beam irradiation device with a dose of 30kGy and a dose rate of 6kGy / min, and the irradiation reaction was carried out for 5 minutes. Subsequently, it was dried at 65℃ to a moisture content of 8%, crushed and passed through an 180-mesh sieve to obtain approximately 25g of product, which had a distinct burnt smell.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that hydroxyl iron(III) oxide was not prepared using mixed iron salts.

[0052] Weigh 200g of weed raw material with a moisture content of 92%, crush and remove impurities, add 20g of pure attapulgite soil (not combined with ferric oxide), stir evenly, and then irradiate, dry and crush according to the electron beam parameters of Example 1 to obtain a product of about 23.5g.

[0053] Results Test Fulvic acid content determination: The dry basis fulvic acid content of the products of each example and comparative example was determined by the potassium dichromate oxidation external heating method. Each sample was repeated 3 times, and the average value was taken. Stability test: Referring to the ICH Q1 series guidelines, 20 mg of the products obtained from each example and comparative example were placed in a constant temperature incubator at 40℃ and 75% relative humidity. Samples were taken after 6 months, and the retention rate of the main component (fulvic acid) at 6 months was determined by HPLC. Fertilizer effect verification: The products obtained from each example and comparative example were applied to the soil at a mass ratio of 1.5% and Chinese cabbage was planted. The fresh weight, root length, and chlorophyll content of the Chinese cabbage were measured after 25 days. In addition, a blank control was set up for the product of Example 1, with no fertilizer as the blank control. The fresh weight, root length, leaf width, and chlorophyll content of the Chinese cabbage were measured after 25 days. The test results of each group were repeated 3 times.

[0054] Test Results Table 1. Product testing results for each embodiment and comparative example. As shown in Table 1, the fulvic acid content of the products in Examples 1-3 was consistently above 23.8%, significantly higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-3. This confirms the synergistic effect of the composite catalyst and the electron beam, effectively and directionally converting weed organic matter into fulvic acid. Comparative Example 1, without electron beam irradiation, had a fulvic acid content of only 3.5%, indicating that the catalyst was prone to excessively rapid catalytic conversion, making it impossible to control the characteristics of the final product. Comparative Example 2, without the composite catalyst, had a fulvic acid content of only 7.2% and a burnt odor, indicating that when the electron beam is used alone, it usually leads to over-mineralization and loss of activity in the product. The composite catalyst can avoid over-mineralization of organic matter and ensure product activity. Comparative Example 3, using only attapulgite, had a fulvic acid content of less than 10%, demonstrating that when the electron beam is used alone, it usually leads to over-mineralization and loss of activity in the product. The composite structure of hydroxyl iron tetroxide and attapulgite provides abundant active sites, enhancing the synergistic catalytic effect.

[0055] In stability testing, the retention rate of the main components of the product from the examples remained above 96% after 6 months, significantly higher than that of the comparative example, indicating that the organic fertilizer prepared by the process of this invention has excellent storage stability and is not prone to humic acid degradation. Fertilizer efficacy verification showed that the product from the examples could increase the fresh weight of cabbage by more than 42% and the root length by more than 29%, significantly better than the comparative example. Meanwhile, as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the results, the fresh weight, root length, leaf width, and chlorophyll content of the cabbage obtained in Example 1 were significantly increased compared with the control group, which fully demonstrates that the product has excellent biological activity. This also reflects that the organic fertilizer obtained by the technical solution of the present invention has achieved good results.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, pre-treating the weed raw materials to obtain an organic matrix for humification reaction; S2, Preparation of a composite catalyst: The composite catalyst is added to the organic matrix to obtain a mixture, which is then subjected to electron beam irradiation treatment. The composite catalyst includes Fe... 2+ and Fe 3+ A mixture of iron salts and attapulgite; S3. The treated mixture is dried and pulverized to obtain a product with fulvic acid as the main component.

2. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: The raw materials of weeds are mechanically crushed, and the crushed raw materials are then cleaned of impurities and their moisture content is adjusted to 80-95% to obtain an organic matrix.

3. The rapid humification method for weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the crushed weeds is 1-5mm. Impurities are removed by a vibrating screen with a sieve aperture of 0.8-1.2mm.

4. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S2.1, Disperse attapulgite in water to form a suspension, and prepare a solution containing Fe. 2+ and Fe 3+ The iron salt mixture solution was mixed with a suspension under ultrasonic treatment, and then an alkaline solution was added dropwise until the pH of the system was 9-11 to carry out a co-precipitation reaction. The mixture was then separated, washed and dried to obtain the composite catalyst. S2.2, the composite catalyst is added to the organic matrix, dispersed and mixed to ensure full contact between the composite catalyst and the organic matrix, resulting in a mixture. The mixture is then spread or loaded into the electron beam irradiation area for electron beam irradiation.

5. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2.1, the ultrasonic power is 200-800W, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 30-90min, wherein Fe 2+ with Fe 3+ The molar ratio is 1:1.5-2.

2.

6. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2.2, the amount of composite catalyst added is 5%-15% of the mass of the organic matrix, and the suspension concentration of attapulgite is 2.5-5%.

7. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electron beam irradiation conditions in step S2.2 include: an electron beam irradiation dose rate of 1-10 kGy / min, an irradiation time of 10-60 min, and a temperature of 40-70℃ during the irradiation process.

8. The method for rapid humification of weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drying temperature in step S3 is 60-65℃, and the moisture content of the mixture is less than 10%.

9. An application of a rapid humification method for weeds based on electron beam irradiation, characterized in that, Fulvic acid organic fertilizer is prepared by the rapid humification method for weeds based on electron beam irradiation as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the fulvic acid content is greater than 20%.

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