Fusion type vibration control blasting process for reducing vibration and improving excavation efficiency by nozzle device and heterogeneous charge process

Abstract

This invention provides a vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a nozzle device and dissimilar charging technology. It increases the free surface, reducing rock breaking resistance, thereby reducing blasting vibration and improving blasting efficiency. Employing a semi-open perforation device and dissimilar charging technology, it minimizes damage to the subsequent blasting strata during tunnel blasting and bench blasting, while also integrating with unexcavated blasting tubes. To achieve the goal of reducing blasting vibration and improving blasting efficiency, this invention uses a combination of pre-initiating blasting holes installed with low-explosive or high-detonation-index (1.4 seconds) charges integrated with a spring-loaded socket device, pre-initiating holes arranged in a row targeting thermally conductive fractures, and subsequent blasting holes with low detonation (index below 1.4) using low-explosive or high-explosive charges. The process involves subsequent blasting followed by final blasting, thus achieving post-initiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention utilizes a punching device and dissimilar charging technology to pre-detonate during tunnel blasting and bench blasting, forming a pre-fractured layer. This increases the free surface that reduces the resistance to rock breaking, thereby reducing blasting vibration and improving blasting efficiency. By employing a semi-open punching device and dissimilar charging technology, damage to the subsequently detonated rock layers can be minimized during tunnel blasting and bench blasting, while also preventing blasting before the tunnel has been excavated. Background Technology

[0002] The processes for tunneling and open-pit mining of rock strata can be broadly classified into three types: first, mechanical excavation that produces no vibration; second, conventional blasting that inevitably produces vibration; and third, vibration-reducing excavation that combines the two.

[0003] Conventional blasting methods utilize explosives for blasting operations. A significant portion of the impact energy generated by the explosion of explosives is transmitted through vibration; therefore, the magnitude of vibration and noise varies depending on the amount of explosive charge and the distance from the point of impact. In some cases, this can exceed the permissible vibration and noise levels set by the safety characteristics of the materials, causing fatal injuries to people and structures.

[0004] Mechanical excavation processes do not generate any excavation vibration, but due to their extremely low excavation efficiency, poor workability, excessive engineering costs, and poor rock fragmentation, the use of large crushers for prolonged secondary crushing operations can lead to complaints about excavation noise.

[0005] To address this issue, a shock-absorbing excavation process combining chemical and explosive categories was previously initiated, based on Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0643593 (published on November 10, 2006), which was filed by the inventor of this invention.

[0006] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the vibration reduction excavation technology that combines traditional pyrotechnic items with gunpowder items arranges the pyrotechnic item chargers (201,301), Musashi chargers (202,302), and gunpowder chargers (303) according to the excavation mode. The pyrotechnic item chargers are detonated first, causing the rock strata to be stretched and damaged. The subsequent detonation produces a revolutionary vibration reduction effect in the foundation and tunnel excavation.

[0007] However, the traditional conventional blasting vibration damping excavation process uses explosives for blasting, so the cracking effect is minimal. It requires a separate detonation system to detonate the explosives, which increases blasting costs.

[0008] In addition, in the past, during blasting, the inability to control the blast pressure of the blast hole in the required direction caused vibration and noise problems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0010] This invention addresses the aforementioned problem by inserting explosives from the pre-blasting blast hole into a spring-loaded socket during tunnel or open-pit blasting. This guides the shock wave transmission direction to the pre-blasting blast hole, significantly increasing the generation of tensile cracks and forming a pre-crack layer. This minimizes vibrations during subsequent blasting of the blasting blast hole. The invention also provides a spring-loaded socket method that increases rock excavation efficiency and improves vibration control efficiency, thereby providing a vibration control device and shock absorber.

[0011] Furthermore, in open-pit blasting, this invention inserts the cavitation explosive from the pre-fired blasting machine into a semi-open spring-loaded opening device, which is then installed in the excavator's blasting hole, allowing it to detonate last. This directs the explosive force of the explosive towards the semi-open direction, while mitigating or blocking the shock wave in the opposite direction, thereby minimizing residual cavities in the rock strata. This not only prevents excavation in rock strata between the preceding blasting holes but also reduces the cost of the spring-loaded opening device used during excavation. The objective is to provide a fusion-type vibration-controlled blasting process that minimizes residual cavities and tail cavities.

[0012] means for solving problems

[0013] To achieve the aforementioned goal, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a fusion vibration-controlled blasting process employing a pre-splitting hole device and a dissimilar charge technique to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency is described. This fusion utilizes a pre-splitting hole device for tunnel blasting or bench blasting, combined with a dissimilar charge technique. The pre-splitting hole device reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency, ensuring the explosive index of the pre-splitting hole exceeds 1.4. A combination of holes and pre-firing holes with a decoupling index of less than 1.4 is arranged, consisting of low-explosive or high-explosive charges with higher explosive pressures than the low-explosive charges. After the pre-firing holes form a linear fracture layer, the pre-firing holes are blasted, reducing the vibration of the pre-firing layer and increasing the blasting efficiency in the pre-firing hole area.

[0014] The tunnel blasting process forms a pre-detonation hole between the rear-stage detonation outer ring holes formed on the tunnel excavation line and the rear-stage detonation outer ring holes located in front of the rear-stage detonation outer ring holes. However, the spacing between the pre-detonation blasting holes in the pre-detonation hole is maintained at about 8 to 24 times the hole diameter (300 to 1800 mm). The length of the layout of the pre-detonation holes can be increased by 10 cm compared with the rear-stage detonation blasting holes.

[0015] The pre-detonation openings of the pre-detonation hole can be formed between the pre-detonation openings adjacent to the pre-detonation hole on the same line.

[0016] The bench blasting process forms pre-detonation holes on each blasting excavation line. The spacing between the pre-detonation holes is maintained at approximately 8 to 24 times the hole diameter (300 to 2100 mm). The pre-detonation holes can be perforated by 10 cm more than the subsequent detonation holes to improve the vibration isolation effect and form blasting gaps between the pre-detonation holes.

[0017] For the tunnel blasting, the charge amount in the pre-fired blasting hole is to reduce the pressure inside the hole, and the blasting coefficient (C) is about 0.40 to 0.80 kg / hole; for the bench blasting, the charge amount in the pre-fired blasting hole is to reduce the pressure inside the hole, and the blasting coefficient (C) may be about 0.30 to 0.60 kg / hole.

[0018] The pre-fired blasting hole is detonated before the post-fired blasting hole. However, if the blasting rock is hard rock or the target for reducing blasting vibration is not significant, the distance between the pre-fired blasting holes can be reduced by 0.5 to 0.8 times to form an artificially created linear fracture layer. Then, the post-fired blasting hole is detonated first, followed by the pre-fired blasting hole, in order to reduce blasting vibration.

[0019] The spiral groove device includes a spiral groove that, when installed on the pre-amplifier blast hole, is acted upon by the concentrated explosive pressure of the charge. The spiral groove can be installed on the pre-amplifier blast hole to induce explosive pressure and cracks in adjacent pre-amplifier blast holes.

[0020] The perforation spacing of the later-stage blasting holes is 400–700 mm, and the charge density of each hole may be 0.16–0.28 kg / m according to the rock strata classification standard.

[0021] The opening device includes an opening portion that, while receiving the charge, opens halfway along the circumference of the charge to concentrate the explosive pressure. The opening portion can be installed in the direction of the pre-amplifier blast hole so that the explosive pressure is concentrated in the direction of the pre-amplifier blast hole.

[0022] Invention Effects

[0023] According to the present invention, a pre-fired blast wave, which is installed using a low-explosive explosive or a high decoupling index (1.4 seconds) charge process integrated with a nozzle device, is combined with a pre-fired blast wave arranged in a row with pre-fired blast cavities intended to induce fractures, and a post-fired blast wave with a low decoupling index (below 1.4) using low-explosive or high-explosive explosive charges. This combination forms a pre-fired blast wave, which, by obtaining additional free surfaces through the pre-fired fracture layer, reduces the rock breaking resistance, thereby reducing blasting vibration and increasing blasting efficiency.

[0024] In addition, this invention combines a semi-open free-type socket device with an integrated low-explosive or high-explosive charge with a high decoupling index (1.4 seconds) and a pre-initiating blast hole with a low decoupling index (below 1.4) for low-explosive or high-explosive charges. The pre-initiating blast hole is detonated first, and then, based on the post-initiating blast hole, the existence of blast holes in the tunneled and untunneled layers is prevented to the greatest extent. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The drawings illustrate the traditional vibration-damping excavation method for blasting tunnels.

[0026] Figure 2 The drawings illustrate a bench blasting caused by traditional vibration-damping excavation techniques.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a front view of a tunnel blasting method based on the first embodiment of the present invention, which reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a single-slot device and heterogeneous charge technology.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a tunnel blasting sequence diagram of a fusion vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a punching device and a heterogeneous charging process, according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a plan view of a bench blasting process according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which uses a combined vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a punching device and a heterogeneous charging process.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a sequence diagram of bench blasting based on the first embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes a combined vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a punching device and a heterogeneous charging process.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a four-view diagram of a spring sleeve device used in a fusion-type vibration-controlled blasting process according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The spring sleeve device and the heterogeneous charging process reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a front view of a tunnel blasting process according to a second embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes a free-opening device and a heterogeneous charging process, and employs a fusion-type vibration-controlled blasting process that minimizes the excavator's rock stratum clearance and tail section.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a tunnel blasting sequence diagram of a fusion vibration-controlled blasting process according to the second embodiment of the present invention, which minimizes the residual cavity and tail cavity of the excavator in rock strata through a punching device and a dissimilar charging process.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a plan view of bench blasting according to the second embodiment of the present invention, which is carried out by a fusion vibration-controlled blasting process that minimizes the excavator's rock stratum cavity and tail section by using a punching device and a dissimilar charging process.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a sequence diagram of bench blasting according to the second embodiment of the present invention, which uses a punching device and a dissimilar charging process, and employs a fusion-type vibration-controlled blasting process that minimizes the excavator's rock stratum cavity and tail hole.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a four-view drawing of a punching device used in a fusion vibration-controlled blasting process that minimizes the excavator's rock stratum cavity and tail hole through a punching device and a dissimilar charging process, according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0038] 101: Pre-emptive detonation hole; 102: Pre-emptive blasting hole

[0039] 103: Pre-detonation air-to-air; 105: Rear-detonation air-to-air.

[0040] 110: Slot device; 111: Spring slot

[0041] 112: Socket Guide Homepage

[0042] 201: Pre-amplifier blast hole 202: Pre-amplifier blast hole

[0043] 210: Single-slot device; 211: Open spring.

[0044] 212: Socket guide groove Detailed Implementation

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the integrated vibration-controlled blasting process (COREX blasting process) that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a punching device and a heterogeneous charge process is mainly intended to achieve two objectives: to set the direction of the explosion pressure through the punching device 110, and to reduce blasting vibration and improve excavation efficiency by adjusting the mixing and detonation sequence of low-explosive and high-explosive explosive streams, thereby maximizing the amount of rock excavated and the excavated volume.

[0047] The only difference between the first and second embodiments is the spring socket device 110 and the spring open socket device 210 that set the detonation pressure direction and the detonation sequence. They are inventions of the same concept, in which the detonation pressure direction is set by the socket devices 210 and 110, and the detonation pressure is adjusted and detonated by a different type of explosive charge process.

[0048] In describing this invention, detailed descriptions of the relevant announcement functions or components are omitted if it is believed that such descriptions may unnecessarily obscure the essence of the invention.

[0049] Furthermore, the terms used below are terms established for the purposes of this invention and may vary depending on the manufacturer’s intent or practice; therefore, their definitions should be based on the entire contents of this list.

[0050] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, through the punching device and dissimilar charging process in the first embodiment of the present invention, a fusion vibration control blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency is used to drill the pilot blasting holes 101 on the target rock strata in tunnel excavation and open-pit excavation with a preset layout, minimum resistance line and spacing, and arrange the follower blasting holes 105 at a preset spacing.

[0051] Among them, the pre-detonation hole 101 and the post-detonation hole 105 can be deformed according to the shape of the fractured rock area and the purpose of excavation, and can take various forms.

[0052] The pre-detonation hole 101 is formed by arranging pre-detonation holes 102 and 103 at preset intervals and positions. The pre-detonation hole 102 is set with the detonation pressure direction by the nozzle device 110 and is equipped with gunpowder.

[0053] In the pre-fired blast hole 102, in order to make the decoupling index of low-explosive explosives exceed 1.4, the explosives are inserted into the nozzle device 110 in an integral form. In the post-fired blast hole 105, due to the presence of low-explosive or high-explosive explosives, the decoupling index will be lower than the decoupling index of 1.4 of the pre-fired blast hole 102.

[0054] Here, the short-circuit device 110 can set the direction of the explosive pressure by setting the explosive pressure direction of the gunpowder. The short-circuit device 110 can be formed into a tube so that it can contain the gunpowder.

[0055] The front-mounted blast hole 102 and the rear-mounted blast hole 105 can not only insert gunpowder, but can also be combined together in various forms such as solid color, gunpowder, and shock-absorbing materials, as announced.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the short-circuit socket device 110 may form a short-circuit groove 111. The short-circuit groove 111 is relatively long in length above and below the short-circuit socket device 110, forming two or more short-circuit grooves 111. As the gunpowder received inside explodes, a short-circuit groove is formed to release the explosive pressure in a concentrated manner.

[0057] In the embodiment, the short-circuit groove 111 is a front-mounted blast hole 103 located on both sides of the front-mounted blast hole 102, forming a form that partially cuts open both sides of the short-circuit device 110 so as to concentrate the blast pressure.

[0058] A short-circuit guide groove 112 can be formed at the top of the short-circuit guide groove 112 so that the position of the short-circuit guide groove 111 can be changed when the short-circuit guide groove 110 is inserted into the front burst hole 102.

[0059] A rotating tool for the rotatable hose socket device 110 is inserted into the socket guide groove 112. The hose socket device 110 can be rotated in the front burst hole 102 by rotating the rotating tool to adjust the position of the hose socket device 111.

[0060] The short-circuit device 110 can be stacked multiple times on the explosive rupture hole 102 of the pre-fired machine, depending on the required explosive pressure.

[0061] The spring groove 111 of the spring slot device 110 into which the front-end explosion hole 102 is inserted can be rotated and positioned on the front-end explosion hole 102 by means of the socket guide groove 112 so as to be opposite to the adjacent front-end explosion hole 103.

[0062] In addition, if the charge of the pre-detonation blast hole 102, together with the adjacent pre-detonation blast hole 103, forms a pre-fracture layer on the rock bed caused by tensile cracks, the rock bed will then be broken in the form of the post-detonation blast hole 105.

[0063] In this process, the pre-amplifier blast hole 102 is placed on the blast hole. The reflected wave of the impact pressure between the pre-amplifier blast holes 102 and the blast pressure caused by the spring insertion device 110 are concentrated through the spring groove 111 and act on the adjacent pre-amplifier blast hole 103. Tensile cracks are generated between the pre-amplifier blast holes 102. The adjacent pre-amplifier blast hole acts as another free surface, generating a composite tensile effect, thereby forming an effective pre-crack layer.

[0064] The pre-fired blast hole 102 is a low-explosive explosive or a charge with a relatively high decoupling index of more than 1.4. Therefore, while minimizing blasting vibration and noise, it can increase the fracture effect more than the fragmentation effect, thus having the function of blocking the transmission of the initiation vibration of the subsequent post-fired blast hole 105.

[0065] After the pre-launch blast hole 102 is launched, the post-launch blast hole 105 will be launched. The post-launch blast hole 105 will completely break the rock strata in the center and periphery of the tunnel or the rock strata in the free face direction of the bench blasting, thus increasing blasting efficiency and omitting or minimizing secondary crushing operations.

[0066] According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the integrated vibration control blasting process, which reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through plug devices and heterogeneous charging technology, can be divided into tunnel excavation and open-pit excavation.

[0067] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, if tunnel blasting is performed for tunnel excavation using the first embodiment, a pre-detonation hole 101 will be installed between the rear-detonation outer ring hole installed on the tunnel excavation line and the rear-detonation outer ring hole located in front of the rear-detonation outer ring hole.

[0068] The spacing between the pre-detonation holes 102 in the pre-detonation hole 101 is maintained at 8 to 24 times the hole diameter (approximately 300 to 1800 mm).

[0069] If the spacing of the pre-amplifier blasting holes 102 is less than 8 times the hole diameter, a relatively large number of pre-amplifier blasting holes 102 need to be formed, which increases the blasting cost. If it exceeds 24 times the hole diameter, a relatively large blasting pressure needs to be generated, which increases the risk of self-explosive handling.

[0070] The front-end burst holes 102 and 103 have an additional perforation of about 10cm compared to the rear-end burst hole 105, which improves the vibration isolation effect. The front-end burst holes 103 are formed on the same line as the front-end burst holes 101 and between the front-end burst holes 102.

[0071] Furthermore, the charge per hole of the pre-fired blasting hole 102 is such that the blasting coefficient (C) is 0.40 to 0.80 kg / hole inside and outside in order to reduce the pressure inside the hole.

[0072] When the bursting coefficient (C) is less than 0.40 kg / hole, cracks may occur due to the weak bursting pressure. When the bursting coefficient (C) exceeds 0.80 kg / hole, the bursting hole 102 of the pre-amplifier will break instead of inducing cracks, thus reducing the noise reduction effect.

[0073] The charge per hole can be calculated as W = C * S * L (W: charge per hole (kg), C: blasting coefficient, S: spacing (m), L: spacing (m)).

[0074] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, if the open-pit excavation of the bench is carried out using the first embodiment, each blast creates a pre-detonation hole 101 on the excavator. The spacing between the pre-detonation holes 102 in the pre-detonation holes 101 is maintained at approximately 8 to 24 times the hole diameter (300 to 2100 mm). The pre-detonation holes 102 are used as the blasting holes (10 cm) for the pre-detonation holes 105, increasing the blasting effect between the pre-detonation holes, so that the pre-detonation holes 102 achieve the blasting effect of the pre-detonation holes. The blasting holes 103 are arranged on the same line.

[0075] At this time, the charge amount per hole of the pre-fired blasting hole 102 is 0.30-0.60 kg / hole inside and outside, in order to reduce the pressure inside the hole.

[0076] When the bursting coefficient (C) is less than 0.30 kg / hole, cracks may not occur due to the weak bursting pressure; when the bursting coefficient (C) exceeds 0.60 kg / hole, the bursting hole 102 of the pre-amplifier will break rather than induce cracks, thus reducing the noise reduction effect.

[0077] The charge per hole can be calculated according to W = C * S * L (W: charge per hole (kg), C: blasting coefficient, S: spacing (m), L: fabrication length (m). The design of the pre-fired blasting hole is 102.

[0078] Furthermore, in the tunnel blasting and bench blasting in the first embodiment, the detonation of the pre-fired blasting hole 102 is carried out with 1 to 2 legs to improve the line crack effect and minimize vibration. However, in order to minimize the detonation time difference, MS detonator flow or a time difference of less than 25ms is used for detonation.

[0079] In addition, the pre-fired blast hole 102 is detonated before the post-fired blast hole 105. However, if the blasting rock is hard rock or the emission reduction target of blasting vibration is not large, the distance between the pre-fired blast hole 102 and the pre-fired blast hole 103 can be reduced by 0.5 to 0.8 times, so that the artificially created fracture layer is not caused by blast pressure, but by perforation, and the post-fired blast hole 105 is detonated first, followed by the post-fired blast hole 102, so as to reduce the emission of the blast hole.

[0080] If the distance between the pre-blasting machine blasting hole 102 and the pre-blasting machine blasting void 103 is less than 0.5 times, the blasting cost may increase due to the relatively large number of perforations. If the distance is greater than 0.8 times, the gap is too large and it is difficult to form an artificially created linear crack layer.

[0081] In addition, the shutter device 110 inserted into each pre-amplifier blast hole 102 is inserted into the pre-amplifier blast hole 102 in an integrated state by inserting explosives inside the shutter device 110. When the shutter device 110 is inserted, the shutters 111 can be concentrated on the pre-amplifier blast holes 103 near the two sides, so that each shutter 111 corresponds to the adjacent pre-amplifier blast hole 103.

[0082] Table 1 below is an example table of the perforation and charging patterns of the pre-detonation hole 101 during tunnel blasting and bench blasting in the first embodiment.

[0083] Table 1

[0084]

[0085] Similarly, after forming a charging pattern with the pre-detonation port 101, the pre-detonation port 102 is fired first.

[0086] If the pre-launch explosive wave hole 102 is launched, the reflected wave of the impact pressure between the pre-launch explosive wave holes 102 and the explosive pressure generated by the spring insertion device 110 are concentrated through the spring groove 111 and act on the adjacent pre-launch explosive hole 103. Tensile cracks will be generated between the pre-launch explosive wave holes 102. The adjacent pre-launch explosive hole acts as another free surface, producing a composite tensile effect, thereby forming an effective pre-crack layer.

[0087] The pre-fired blast hole 102 is a low-explosive explosive or a charge with a relatively high decoupling index of more than 1.4. Therefore, while minimizing blasting vibration and noise, it can increase the fracture effect more than the fragmentation effect, thus having the function of blocking the transmission of the initiation vibration of the subsequent post-fired blast hole 105.

[0088] After the pre-launch blast hole 102 is launched, the post-launch blast hole 105 will be launched. The post-launch blast hole 105 will completely break the rock strata in the center and periphery of the tunnel or the rock strata in the free face direction of the bench blasting, thus increasing blasting efficiency and omitting or minimizing secondary crushing operations.

[0089] Therefore, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the integrated vibration control blasting process, which reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency by using a spring sleeve device and a dissimilar charging process, sets the direction of blast pressure concentration by using the spring sleeve device 110 and performs tunnel blasting and bench blasting by using a dissimilar charging process, can form a linear fracture layer that can block the propagation of blasting vibration, ensuring free blasting when the rock breaks, thereby improving blasting efficiency.

[0090] According to the second embodiment of the present invention, the integrated vibration control blasting process, which reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through the spring opening device 210 and the heterogeneous charging process, has the same function and effect as the first embodiment, so detailed description of the same content is omitted.

[0091] like Figure 8 and even Figure 11 As shown, through the spring opening device 210 and the heterogeneous charge process in the second embodiment of the present invention, a fusion vibration control blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency is used to drill the front-end blasting hole 202 on the target rock strata of tunnel excavation and open-pit excavation with a preset layout, minimum resistance line and spacing, and drill the rear-end blasting hole 201 at a preset position and spacing.

[0092] Among them, the front-mounted blasting hole 202 and the rear-mounted blasting hole 201 can be deformed according to the shape of the rock fracture area and the purpose of excavation, and can take various forms.

[0093] In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, a short-circuit opening device 210 integrated with the charge is installed on the rear-mounted detonating borehole 201. The charge of the short-circuit opening device 210 concentrates the explosive pressure in the direction of the front-mounted detonating borehole 202.

[0094] The front-mounted blasting hole 202 is made of low-explosive or high-explosive explosives with a decoupling index of less than 1.4. The rear-mounted blasting hole 201 is made of low-explosive explosives. In order to make the decoupling index exceed 1.4, the explosive charge is inserted into the punching device 110 in an integrated manner.

[0095] Among them, the front-mounted blasting hole 202 and the rear-mounted blasting hole 201 can not only insert gunpowder, as shown in the announcement, but can also be combined in various forms such as full color, gunpowder, and shock-absorbing materials. The rear-mounted blasting hole 201 can be located on the excavation vessel.

[0096] The punch opening device 210 can set the detonation pressure direction of the charge and the direction of the detonation pressure action. The punch opening device 210 is formed in the form of a pipe, and gunpowder is inserted inside for installation.

[0097] like Figure 12 As shown, the single-slot device 210 can form an open spring 211 with about half of it open around the single-slot device 210.

[0098] The nozzle opening device 210 can be set to the direction of the explosion pressure because the explosion pressure is concentrated in the direction of the opening nozzle 211 when the gunpowder installed inside explodes.

[0099] A short-circuit guide groove 212 can be formed on the top of the short-circuit opening device 210 to change the position of the branch groove when the short-circuit opening device 210 is inserted into the rear detonation hole 201.

[0100] The socket guide groove 212 is equipped with a rotating tool for the rotatable spring opening device 210. The spring opening device 210 can be rotated on the rear detonator blast hole 201 by the rotating tool to adjust the position of the opening device 211.

[0101] The Splinter open device 210 can be installed by stacking multiple openings on the front-end explosive orifice 202 when gunpowder is installed, based on the explosion pressure required by the subsequent explosive orifice 201.

[0102] The opening 211 of the spring opening device 210, which is inserted into the rear detonator blast hole 201, can be rotated and positioned in the rear detonator blast hole 201 by means of the socket guide groove 212 so as to be opposite to the adjacent front detonator blast hole 202.

[0103] Table 2 below is an example showing the perforation and charging pattern of the post-initiation blast hole 201 during tunnel blasting in the second embodiment.

[0104] Table 2

[0105]

[0106] Here, for bench blasting, in order to minimize the excavator's margin and tail excavation volume, it is recommended to use the perforation and charging mode of the rear-mounted machine blasting hole 201, unlike the front-mounted machine blasting hole 202.

[0107] This is because the opening device 210 with a semi-open opening 211 is installed on the rear detonation wave orifice 201 of the excavator. Therefore, the explosive pressure transmitted in the direction of the free surface will break the rock layer, and the shock wave transmitted to the rock layer of the excavator will be milder, so that the excavator can keep smooth. Therefore, it is worse than the front detonation wave orifice 202.

[0108] In detail, the drilling pattern of the blast hole 201 of the rear traveler depends on the drilling pattern of the blast hole 202 of the front traveler. Therefore, in order to keep the excavation line smooth, it is recommended that the drilling spacing be about 400 to 700 mm.

[0109] If the perforation spacing of the blast hole 201 of the rear traveler is less than 400mm, the number of blast holes 201 of the rear traveler will increase, and the construction cost will increase. If the perforation diameter exceeds 700mm, the blast pressure needs to be increased accordingly, which may increase the safety accidents and noise caused by the blast pressure.

[0110] When the charge density in the open field of the blast hole 201 of the rear-end blaster is less than 0.16 kg / m, it is difficult to break the rock layer due to the low blast pressure. If the charge density in the open field exceeds 0.28 kg / m, the blast pressure will be high, which will cause complaints about blast pressure noise and high blast pressure will cause safety accidents.

[0111] Alternatively, if explosive charges are installed on the front-end blasting hole 202 and the rear-end blasting hole 201, the front-end blasting hole 202 will be detonated to break the rock strata before the rear-end blasting hole 201 is detonated.

[0112] If the blast hole 201 of the rear traveler is blasted, the explosive pressure will be transmitted to the free surface formed by the detonation of the blast hole 202 of the front traveler located in front of the blast hole 201 of the excavator's rear traveler, breaking the rock slab and mitigating the shock wave transmitted to the rock layer of the excavator, thereby forming a smooth tunneling face on the excavator.

[0113] Moreover, the subsequent detonation blasting hole 201 is set on the excavation line of tunnel blasting and bench blasting. Therefore, depending on the characteristics of the rock strata, the spatial interval and the density of the charge in the open area are different, so the amount of rock strata remaining and the amount of micro-excavation can be minimized.

[0114] Therefore, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, by using a free-circuit device and a dissimilar charging process, the residual rock pressure of the excavator and the unexcavated area can be minimized in the integrated vibration-controlled blasting process. The free-circuit device 210 sets the direction of the concentrated blast pressure, initiating the blasting hole 202 of the front-end machine and blasting the blasting hole 201 of the rear-end machine, thus forming a free-circuit rock blasting hole 201 in the front-end machine blasting hole 202, thereby concentrating the direction of the excavator blasting hole towards the rock stratum 201. By mitigating the transmitted shock wave, a smooth excavation face is formed, and because the rear-end machine initiation hole 201 is located on the excavation line, the residual rock pressure and unexcavated area can be minimized.

[0115] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and includes all changes and modifications in the technical field to which the present invention pertains that are easily altered by a person with ordinary knowledge and are considered to be of equal scope.

Claims

1. A hybrid vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a nozzle device and dissimilar charging technology, characterized in that, The nozzle device with the detonation direction on both sides adopts an integrated low-explosive explosive, configured with a pre-firing power exceeding the charge's detonation index of 1.4 and a pre-firing power arranged to induce cracks, and a post-firing power below the detonation index of the low-explosive explosive or the high-explosive explosive charge of the low-explosive explosive charge, which is less than 1.

4. After the pre-fracture layer is formed by blasting through the blasting hole of the front-mounted machine, the blasting hole of the rear-mounted machine is then blasted. This pre-fracture layer reduces the vibration of the blasting hole of the rear-mounted machine and increases the blasting efficiency in the area of ​​the blasting hole of the rear-mounted machine.

2. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 1, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... The preceding detonation hole is formed between the subsequent detonation outer hole created along the tunnel excavation line and the subsequent detonation outer hole located in front of it. In the pre-detonation holes, the spacing between the pre-detonation holes is maintained at about 8 to 24 times the hole diameter (300 to 1800 mm), and the pre-detonation holes are perforated by 10 cm more than the rear detonation holes.

3. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 1, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... The preliminary detonation holes are used to alternately form the pre-fired blasting holes and the pre-fired blasting voids on the same line.

4. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 1, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... Regarding the tunnel blasting The charge amount in the pre-amplifier blasting hole is designed to reduce the pressure inside the hole, with a blasting coefficient (C) of 0.40–0.80 kg / hole. In the event of the bench exploding The amount of explosive charge in the pre-fired blasting hole is to reduce the pressure inside the hole, by using a blasting coefficient (C) of 0.30 to 0.60 kg / hole.

5. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 1, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... The pre-fired blast hole is detonated before the post-fired blast hole, but this is only true if the blasting rock is hard rock or the target for reducing blasting vibration is not significant. The distance between the front-end blasting hole and the front-end blasting hole is reduced by 0.5 to 0.8 times to form an artificially created fracture layer. Then, the rear-end blasting hole is detonated first, followed by the front-end blasting hole, in order to reduce blasting vibration.

6. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 1, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... The short-circuit socket device includes a valve that, when installed on the blast hole of the pre-powered engine, is subjected to the concentrated explosive pressure of the propellant flow. The guide groove refers to the groove installed in the front-end blasting hole to generate blast pressure and induce cracks in adjacent front-end blasting holes.

7. A hybrid vibration-controlled blasting process that reduces vibration and improves excavation efficiency through a nozzle device and dissimilar charging technology, characterized in that, by using a free-form opening device and dissimilar charging technology for tunnel blasting or bench blasting, it can minimize the excavator's residual cavity and tail cavity in rock strata, A type of explosive is installed on a half-open short-circuit device and placed in a follow-on detonation hole. However, this is combined with a follow-on detonation hole containing either a low-explosive explosive or a high-explosive explosive with an initiation index exceeding 1.4, or a pre-detonation combination containing either a low-explosive or a high-explosive explosive with an initiation index below 1.

4. After blasting the pre-blasting machine blast hole, the spring-loaded open circuit device concentrates the blasting pressure in the direction of the pre-blasting machine blast hole to minimize the remaining rock layer on the excavator, prevent the unduging of rock layers between the blasting holes in front of the pre-blasting machine blast hole, and reduce blasting costs.

8. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 7, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... Regarding the tunnel blasting The perforation spacing of the blasting holes of the rear-mounted device is 400-700 mm, and the charge density in the holes is 0.16-0.28 kg / m according to the rock strata classification standard.

9. The vibration-controlled blasting process according to claim 7, which combines nozzle device and heterogeneous charging technology to reduce vibration and improve excavation efficiency, is characterized in that... The single-slot device, while accommodating the gunpowder, has half of its perimeter open, including an open spring section for concentrated explosive pressure in the form of the open portion. The open-type blasting method involves setting up an open-type blasting method on top of an open-type blasting method. The open-type blasting method blasts the open-type blasting method, thus setting up the blasting method on top of the open-type blasting method, so that the blasting method of the open-type blasting method blasts the open-type blasting method.

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