Experimental samples and arc test method

Abstract

This application discloses an experimental prototype and an arc testing method. The experimental prototype is used for inter-turn insulation arc testing of superconducting magnets. The experimental prototype includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged parallel to each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first conductor and the second conductor match the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet. The first insulation structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer matches the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet. An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a predetermined arc triggering position in the inter-conductor insulation layer. The arc triggering element is used to trigger an initial arc after energization. Thus, through the dual matching of size and structure, the experimental prototype can highly replicate the actual inter-turn insulation working environment and fault scenarios of the superconducting magnet, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results and thereby ensuring the authenticity of the conductivity behavior assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical safety and arc behavior assessment technology of superconducting magnets, and in particular to an experimental prototype and an arc testing method. Background Technology

[0002] During operation or quench failure, the inter-turn insulation layer of a superconducting magnet may be broken down, leading to a short-circuit arc. Under the heat of the arc, the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer degrades from an insulating state to a conductive state. This degradation in conductivity can affect the combustion and propagation path of the arc, thus impacting the safe operation of the superconducting magnet. However, in related technologies, it is difficult to directly obtain the conductivity characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer under actual operating conditions. Consequently, the correlation between the degree of conductivity degradation and arc stability and propagation path cannot be clearly defined, resulting in a lack of basis for assessing the risk of arc failure in superconducting magnets. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an experimental specimen and an arc testing method for inter-turn insulation arc testing of superconducting magnets.

[0004] This application provides an experimental specimen for superconducting magnet inter-turn insulation arc test. The experimental specimen includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged in parallel with each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor. The cross-sectional dimensions of both the first and second conductors are matched with the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet; The first insulation structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer between the first conductor and the second conductor conforms to the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet; An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a preset arc triggering position in the insulation layer between the conductors. The arc triggering element is used to trigger an initial arc after energization.

[0005] Thus, an experimental prototype for inter-turn insulation arc testing of superconducting magnets is provided. The prototype includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged parallel to each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first and second conductors. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first and second conductors match the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet. The first insulation structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer between the first and second conductors conforms to the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet. An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a predetermined arc triggering position in the inter-conductor insulation layer, which is used to trigger the initial arc after energization. In this way, through the dual matching of size and structure, the experimental prototype can highly replicate the actual inter-turn insulation working environment and fault scenarios of the superconducting magnet, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results and thus ensuring the authenticity of the conductivity behavior assessment. Simultaneously, the standardized pre-embedded triggering element ensures the consistency of the arc initiation position and time, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of the test results.

[0006] In some embodiments, both the first conductor and the second conductor are metallic conductors, including stainless steel conductors.

[0007] Thus, both the first and second conductors are metallic conductors, including stainless steel conductors. By limiting both the first and second conductors to metallic conductors and including stainless steel conductors as an option, it is possible to ensure that both the first and second conductors possess good electrical conductivity, resistance to high-temperature ablation, and structural stability.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first insulating structure is used to indicate an insulating structure formed by combining polyimide with glass fiber and curing with epoxy resin, wherein the interconductor insulating layer is disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0009] Thus, the first insulating structure indicates the insulating structure formed by the composite of polyimide and glass fiber and cured with epoxy resin, with the inter-conductor insulating layer disposed between the first and second conductors. By ensuring the consistency of the inter-conductor insulating layer with the inter-turn insulating layer in terms of material composition and curing process, it is possible to ensure that the conductivity degradation characteristics of the inter-conductor insulating layer under arcing are consistent with the actual situation of the inter-turn insulating layer, providing a realistic experimental basis for evaluating the conductivity behavior of inter-turn insulation under arcing.

[0010] In some embodiments, the experimental sample further includes a grounding insulation layer, which is a third insulating structure formed by combining the polyimide and the glass fiber and curing it with the epoxy resin, and the grounding insulation layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the experimental sample.

[0011] Thus, the experimental sample also includes a grounding insulation layer, which is a third insulation structure formed by a composite of polyimide and glass fiber and cured with epoxy resin. The grounding insulation layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the experimental sample. In this way, the materials and processes of the inter-conductor insulation layer and the grounding insulation layer are consistent, which can ensure the overall insulation performance of the experimental sample is consistent, avoid additional discharge and unintended insulation degradation, and thus ensure that the arc only occurs and propagates at the preset artificial defects in the inter-turn insulation, laying the foundation for obtaining real experimental data.

[0012] In some embodiments, an insulating filler block is provided at the first end of the first conductor and the second end of the second conductor, and the insulating filler block is made of G10 material.

[0013] Thus, insulating filler blocks are provided at the first end of the first conductor and the second end of the second conductor. The insulating filler blocks are made of G10 material. By isolating the conductor ends with the insulating filler blocks, the phenomenon of electric field concentration at the ends can be effectively eliminated, the end discharge interference can be prevented, and the arc can be ensured to start only at the preset trigger position and propagate along the inter-turn insulation layer, thus ensuring the controllability of the test.

[0014] In some embodiments, the arc triggering element is a fusible metal wire, which heats up and melts after the experimental sample is energized, thereby triggering the initial arc at the preset arc triggering position.

[0015] Thus, the arc triggering element is a fusible metal wire. The arc triggering element heats up and melts after being energized in the experimental sample, thereby triggering the initial arc at a preset arc triggering position. By specifying the arc triggering element as a fusible metal wire and utilizing its physical property of melting upon energization, the start time and position of the arc can be precisely controlled, avoiding triggering failure or position deviation. Furthermore, by standardizing the experimental conditions, quantitative comparative studies under different insulating materials or operating conditions are facilitated.

[0016] This application also provides an arc testing method, the method being implemented based on the experimental sample as described above, the method comprising: A preset DC current is applied to the first and second conductors of the experimental sample placed in a preset experimental environment, and the initial arc is triggered by the arc triggering element, initiating the ablation process of the insulating layer between the conductors; During the ablation process of the insulating layer between the conductors, the voltage and current signals of the second end of the first conductor and the first end of the second conductor are collected to generate the current-voltage characteristic relationship during the arc development process; After the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample are obtained. Based on the conductor ablation characteristics, the insulation layer damage characteristics, and the current-voltage relationship, as well as multiple simulation results, the insulation characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet are analyzed. Each simulation result is obtained based on a corresponding experimental simulation model, which is constructed based on the experimental sample.

[0017] Thus, a preset DC current is applied to the first and second conductors of the experimental sample placed in a preset experimental environment. An initial arc is triggered by an arc-triggered element, initiating the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors. Subsequently, during the ablation process, voltage and current signals are collected from the second end of the first conductor and the first end of the second conductor, generating the current-voltage characteristic relationship during arc development. Then, after the ablation process of the insulation layer is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample are obtained. Finally, based on the conductor ablation characteristics, insulation layer damage characteristics, current-voltage characteristic relationship, and multiple simulation results, the insulation characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet are analyzed. Each simulation result is based on a corresponding experimental simulation model, which is constructed based on the experimental sample. In this way, a multi-dimensional evaluation system, combining real-time electrical signal acquisition with post-analysis of ablation morphology and simulation results, can comprehensively analyze the performance changes and conductivity behavior of inter-turn insulation under arc action.

[0018] In some embodiments, the preset experimental environment includes a preset inert gas, a preset pressure, and a preset temperature. The preset inert gas includes helium, the preset pressure is atmospheric pressure or near-atmospheric pressure, and the preset temperature is room temperature.

[0019] Thus, the preset experimental environment includes a preset inert gas, a preset pressure, and a preset temperature. The preset inert gas includes helium, the preset pressure is atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure, and the preset temperature is room temperature. This can simulate the helium leakage environment under the fault condition of the superconducting magnet in a fusion device, making the physical characteristics of the electric arc highly consistent with the actual operating conditions, thereby improving the reference value of the experimental results.

[0020] In some implementations, the preset DC current is a constant DC current, the value of which is within a preset current range, to generate a stable and continuous arc, providing sufficient arc burning time for evaluating the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer.

[0021] Thus, a constant DC current is preset, with its value falling within a preset current range, to generate a stable and continuous arc, providing sufficient arc burning time for assessing the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer. By controlling the current magnitude, a stable and continuously burning arc can be ensured, providing a sufficient time window for observing and measuring the conductivity degradation process of the inter-turn insulation layer under arc heat. This avoids the inability to obtain complete insulation degradation data due to premature arc extinguishing, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the conductivity assessment.

[0022] In some embodiments, the conductor ablation characteristics include a first ablation characteristic and a second ablation characteristic. The first ablation characteristic includes a first ablation location, a first ablation range, a first ablation depth, and / or a first ablation morphology of the first conductor. The second ablation characteristic includes a second ablation location, a second ablation range, a second ablation depth, and / or a second ablation morphology of the second conductor. The insulation layer damage characteristics include the extent of damage and the degree of carbonization of the insulation layer between the conductors.

[0023] By refining the specific parameter dimensions of the experimental evaluation, it is possible to quantitatively characterize the arc damage effect, thereby enabling a more in-depth analysis of the correlation mechanism between insulation conductivity degradation and arc propagation and ablation behavior.

[0024] This application also provides a computer device, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above-described arc test method.

[0025] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described arc test method.

[0026] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an experimental sample for certain embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an experimental sample for certain embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the arc testing method according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram illustrating the development process of an inter-turn short-circuit arc in a superconducting magnet according to certain embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of this application, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0029] During long-term operation or sudden quenching of a superconducting magnet, the inter-turn insulation layer may experience a short-circuit arc due to local defects, voltage surges, or other factors. Under the thermal effect of the arc, the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer degrades from an insulating state to a conductive state. Specifically, quenching refers to the sudden loss of superconductivity in a superconducting magnet due to factors such as abnormal local temperature increases or current overload, instantaneously transitioning from a zero-resistance state to a resistive state. This process is accompanied by a violent energy release and a sudden temperature rise. As a barrier isolating adjacent conductors, the inter-turn insulation layer may be broken down during quenching due to local defects or voltage surges, forming a short-circuit arc. This short-circuit arc is essentially a high-temperature plasma channel, with a core temperature reaching thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, releasing intense thermal radiation and shock waves.

[0030] Under the sustained thermal effect of the electric arc, the microstructure of the inter-turn insulation layer undergoes irreversible damage, causing its conductivity to gradually degrade from an initial high-resistance insulation state to a low-resistance conductivity state. This degradation in conductivity may alter the combustion and propagation path of the electric arc, thus affecting the safe operation of the superconducting magnet. On one hand, the increased conductivity of the degraded inter-turn insulation layer leads to arc path instability, resulting in arc instability or extinction, thus affecting the safe operation of the superconducting magnet. On the other hand, the distribution of conductive regions alters the spatial distribution of the electric field intensity, guiding the arc away from its original propagation path. This may lead to excessive local energy concentration, exacerbating secondary damage such as conductor ablation and large-area damage to the inter-turn insulation layer, further impacting the safe operation of the superconducting magnet.

[0031] However, in related technologies, it is often difficult to directly obtain the conductivity characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer under actual operating conditions. On the one hand, the operating environment of superconducting magnets is extremely complex, with multiple factors such as strong electromagnetic interference, drastic temperature differences between ultra-low and high-temperature arcs, and high pressure superimposed, making it difficult to stably deploy sensors and capture changes in conductivity parameters during the degradation process of the inter-turn insulation layer in real time. On the other hand, the degradation of the conductivity characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer is a dynamic and non-uniform process. Its conductivity changes non-linearly with temperature, arc duration, and the degree of local damage, making it impossible to comprehensively characterize it through measurement data at a single time point or location. As a result, it is impossible to accurately determine the specific impact of the degradation of the inter-turn insulation layer's conductivity characteristics on arc behavior. It is impossible to quantify the correlation between the degree of degradation and arc stability and propagation path, and it is also difficult to establish a reliable arc fault evolution model. Ultimately, this makes the risk assessment of arc faults in superconducting magnets lack a scientific and accurate basis.

[0032] Based on the above issues, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of experimental sample 100. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of experimental sample 100. In the diagram, 11 represents the first conductor, 12 represents the second conductor, 13 represents the inter-conductor insulation layer, 14 represents the arc triggering element, 15 represents the grounding insulation layer, and 16 represents the insulation filler block.

[0033] This application provides an experimental sample for superconducting magnet inter-turn insulation arc test. The experimental sample includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged in parallel with each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first and second conductors are both matched with the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet; The first insulation structure of the interconductor insulation layer between the first conductor and the second conductor is consistent with the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet. An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a preset arc triggering position in the insulation layer between conductors. The arc triggering element is used to trigger the initial arc after energization.

[0034] Specifically, a superconducting magnet refers to a high-performance magnet built based on the zero-resistance properties of superconducting materials, including superconducting coils and insulating layers between conductors. The superconducting coil is made of superconducting wire and typically has a multi-turn structure.

[0035] Inter-turn insulation refers to the insulation structure used to isolate adjacent superconducting wires in a superconducting magnet. It can prevent electrical short circuits between adjacent superconducting wires, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the superconducting magnet.

[0036] Arc testing refers to a test method that simulates the conductive behavior of a superconducting magnet under fault conditions by artificially triggering a short-circuit arc, and studies the laws of arc propagation, voltage evolution, material ablation, and insulation degradation.

[0037] Conductivity behavior refers to the change in conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer as it degrades from an insulating state to a conductive state under the heat of an electric arc, and the impact of this change on the continued combustion and propagation path of the electric arc.

[0038] The experimental prototype refers to an equivalent model designed and fabricated to simulate the core structure and operating conditions of a real superconducting magnet. Specifically, the experimental prototype includes a first and second conductor arranged parallel to each other, and an insulating layer between the conductors. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first conductor and the second conductor refer to the two parallel conductors that make up the experimental sample. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first conductor and the second conductor are consistent with those of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet. They are used to simulate the structure of adjacent conductors in the superconducting magnet and to ensure the correlation between the experimental sample and the actual superconducting magnet.

[0039] The inter-conductor insulation layer refers to the insulation structure located between the first conductor and the second conductor. The inter-conductor insulation layer matches the second insulation structure of the actual inter-turn insulation layer used in superconducting magnets; that is, the material composition, layered arrangement, molding process, thickness, and other parameters of the inter-conductor insulation layer are consistent with the corresponding parameters of the actual inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet, ensuring that the performance degradation behavior of the insulation layer is consistent with reality. The inter-conductor insulation layer possesses characteristics of high temperature resistance and electromagnetic environment resistance, used to isolate the two conductors and prevent short circuits during normal operation. In some embodiments, both the inter-conductor insulation layer in the experimental sample and the inter-turn insulation layer in the superconducting magnet use polyimide and glass fiber as the reinforcing insulating matrix, and are impregnated, heated, and cured using an epoxy resin vacuum pressure impregnation process. This ensures that the inter-conductor insulation layer in the experimental sample can effectively simulate the behavior of the actual inter-turn insulation layer of a superconducting magnet under fault conditions. It should be noted that if the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer is changed, the inter-conductor insulation layer also needs to be adjusted accordingly.

[0040] The first insulation structure refers to the description of the composition and molding process of the insulation layer material between conductors.

[0041] The conductors used in superconducting magnets refer to the conductive components actually applied to superconducting magnets. They have specific cross-sectional dimensions and material requirements and are capable of generating and maintaining a magnetic field.

[0042] The preset arc triggering position refers to a fixed position determined in advance in the insulation layer between conductors. It is usually selected in the middle area along the length of the insulation layer to ensure that the arc can propagate evenly to both ends and avoid interference from end effects.

[0043] Arc triggering elements refer to fusible metal components that are pre-embedded in the insulation layer between conductors at predetermined arc triggering positions. They can melt through resistance heating after the experimental sample is energized, accurately triggering the initial short-circuit arc, ensuring the repeatability of the test and the controllability of the arc initiation position.

[0044] In this way, the first conductor and the second conductor are parallel, which ensures that the gap between them is uniform and consistent, thereby making the electric field distribution between the turns uniform, avoiding the electric field concentration caused by uneven gaps, and ensuring that the electric arc can propagate stably along the insulation layer without local arc jumping.

[0045] Furthermore, only when the cross-sectional dimensions of the sample conductor are consistent with those of the actual magnetic conductor can the current density, heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity under fault current be guaranteed to be exactly the same as those under actual working conditions, thereby truly simulating the power level and thermal effect of the electric arc.

[0046] Meanwhile, the insulation layer between conductors is the main target of electric arc action. Only when its structure is consistent with reality can the pyrolysis temperature, carbonization rate, and conductivity degradation characteristics of the insulation layer be consistent with reality. This is the basis for evaluating the influence of insulation conductivity on electric arc conductivity behavior.

[0047] Ultimately, by pre-embedding triggering elements at fixed locations, the start time and position of the electric arc can be controlled, eliminating the randomness of traditional triggering methods and ensuring that the initial conditions for different tests are completely consistent.

[0048] In summary, an experimental prototype for inter-turn insulation arc testing of superconducting magnets is provided. The prototype includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged parallel to each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first and second conductors. The cross-sectional dimensions of both the first and second conductors match the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet. The first insulation structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer between the first and second conductors conforms to the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet. An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a predetermined arc triggering position in the inter-conductor insulation layer, which is used to trigger the initial arc after energization. Thus, through the dual matching of size and structure, the experimental prototype can highly replicate the actual inter-turn insulation working environment and fault scenarios of the superconducting magnet, ensuring the reliability of the experimental results and the authenticity of the conductivity behavior assessment. Simultaneously, the standardized pre-embedded triggering element ensures the consistency of the arc initiation position and time, thereby improving the repeatability and reliability of the test results.

[0049] In some embodiments, both the first conductor and the second conductor are metallic conductors, including stainless steel conductors.

[0050] Specifically, in the evaluation of the inter-turn insulation conductivity of superconducting magnets, the first and second conductors in the experimental sample, as components responsible for arc generation, current conduction, and thermal effects, directly determine the authenticity and validity of the experimental data due to their material and characteristics. The operating environment of superconducting magnets is characterized by high electromagnetic intensity, drastic temperature changes, and susceptibility to arc erosion. If the conductor material of the experimental sample does not conform to the actual application scenario, it will lead to deviations in the conductivity and high-temperature erosion resistance of the conductors in the experimental sample compared to those used in superconducting magnets. This will result in problems such as inaccurate arc triggering, distortion of current and voltage signals, and discrepancies between the erosion morphology and actual operating conditions, ultimately rendering the evaluation results worthless.

[0051] By limiting both the first and second conductors to metallic conductors and including stainless steel conductors as an option, and by combining the fact that the cross-sectional dimensions of both the first and second conductors are consistent with those of the conductors used in superconducting magnets, the conductors of the experimental sample are matched to the actual application scenario in terms of material and shape, thus ensuring accurate arc triggering and reliable test data acquisition.

[0052] In some embodiments, both the first conductor and the second conductor can be stainless steel conductors with a cross-sectional dimension of 19mm × 19mm and a length of 170mm.

[0053] Thus, both the first and second conductors are metallic conductors, including stainless steel conductors. By limiting both the first and second conductors to metallic conductors and including stainless steel conductors as an option, it is possible to ensure that both the first and second conductors possess good electrical conductivity, resistance to high-temperature ablation, and structural stability.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first insulating structure is used to indicate an insulating structure formed by combining polyimide with glass fiber and curing it with epoxy resin, and an interconductor insulating layer is disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0055] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the inter-conductor insulation layer is the object that directly bears the effects of electric arc and undergoes conductivity degradation. Whether the material and structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer are consistent with the inter-turn insulation layer actually used in superconducting magnets directly determines whether the experiment can truly replicate the insulation degradation process under actual working conditions. Superconducting magnets operate in harsh environments, needing to withstand strong electromagnetic fields, extreme temperatures, and electric arc erosion. Conventional insulating materials are difficult to withstand such conditions. If the material or structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer of the experimental sample does not match that of the inter-turn insulation layer actually used, the conductivity degradation law and other properties of the inter-conductor insulation layer under the action of electric arc will deviate from the actual situation. This will lead to distortion of the collected experimental data such as volt-ampere characteristics and ablation morphology, making it impossible to provide a reliable comparison benchmark for experimental simulation models. Ultimately, the insulation conductivity behavior evaluation results will lose their engineering reference value.

[0056] By defining the first insulating structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer as a composite of polyimide and glass fiber cured with epoxy resin, and specifying its position between the first and second conductors, the inter-conductor insulation layer of the experimental sample is made to perfectly match the inter-turn insulation layer actually used in superconducting magnets in terms of material composition, structural strength, high-temperature resistance, and arc erosion resistance. This ensures accurate simulation of the conductivity degradation process of the inter-turn insulation layer under arcing and provides a basis for obtaining real experimental data. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inter-conductor insulation layer can be 1 mm.

[0057] The first insulation structure refers to the composite insulation structure formed by curing polyimide, glass fiber, and epoxy resin. It is a specific name defined to distinguish it from other insulation components in the experimental sample and to clarify its insulation function attributes.

[0058] It should be noted that the polyimide-glass fiber composite and epoxy resin curing process is the material and process used for the inter-turn insulation layer in the superconducting magnet selected in the embodiments of this application. If the material and process used for the inter-turn insulation layer in the superconducting magnet are changed, the material and process of the corresponding inter-conductor insulation layer in the experimental sample also need to be adjusted accordingly to ensure the adaptability of the test to the actual application scenario.

[0059] Thus, the first insulating structure indicates the insulating structure formed by the composite of polyimide and glass fiber and cured with epoxy resin, and the inter-conductor insulating layer is disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor. In this way, by ensuring the consistency of the inter-conductor insulating layer with the inter-turn insulating layer in terms of material composition and curing process, it can be ensured that the properties of the inter-conductor insulating layer under the action of electric arc, such as the conductivity degradation law, are consistent with the actual situation of the inter-turn insulating layer.

[0060] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the experimental sample further includes a grounding insulation layer, which is a third insulation structure formed by combining polyimide and glass fiber and curing with epoxy resin. The grounding insulation layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the first conductor and the second conductor.

[0061] Specifically, the grounding insulation layer refers to the insulating component wrapped around the outer surface of the conductor. It isolates the conductor from the external environment, prevents current leakage, external discharge, and electric field distortion, and also provides grounding protection to ensure experimental safety. It is the external protective layer of the all-around insulation system of the experimental sample. In some embodiments, the thickness of the grounding insulation layer can be 2 mm.

[0062] The third insulation structure refers to a composite insulation structure formed by curing polyimide, glass fiber, and epoxy resin for grounding insulation. It is completely identical in material and process to the first insulation structure of the conductor insulation layer, differing only in function and installation location, and is used to clarify its external insulation properties.

[0063] It should be noted that the geometry of the above-mentioned inter-conductor insulation layer and ground insulation layer is related to the superconducting magnet simulated by the experimental sample. If the superconducting magnet is changed, the geometry of the above-mentioned inter-conductor insulation layer and ground insulation layer also needs to be changed accordingly.

[0064] Thus, the experimental sample also includes a grounding insulation layer, which is a third insulation structure formed by combining polyimide and glass fiber and curing with epoxy resin. The grounding insulation layer wraps around the outer surfaces of the first and second conductors. In this way, the materials and processes of the inter-conductor insulation layer, the grounding insulation layer, and the insulation filler block are uniform, which can ensure the overall insulation performance of the experimental sample is consistent, avoid additional discharge and unexpected insulation degradation, and thus ensure that the arc only occurs and propagates at the preset artificial defects in the inter-turn insulation, laying the foundation for obtaining real experimental data.

[0065] In some embodiments, an insulating filler block is provided at the first end of the first conductor and the second end of the second conductor, and the insulating filler block is made of G10 material.

[0066] Specifically, an insulating filler block refers to an insulating component disposed at the end of a conductor. It fills the structural gaps at the conductor end, eliminates electric field concentration at the end, suppresses end discharge, ensures that the arc only starts at a preset trigger position and propagates along the inter-turn insulation layer, and ensures the controllability of the test. It is an end-insulating protective component for the experimental specimen. In some embodiments, the height of the insulating filler block can be 50 mm.

[0067] It should be noted that the geometry of the above-mentioned insulating filler blocks is related to the superconducting magnet simulated by the experimental sample. If the superconducting magnet is changed, the geometry of the above-mentioned insulating filler blocks also needs to be changed accordingly.

[0068] In some embodiments, the arc triggering element is a fusible metal wire. The arc triggering element heats up and melts after the experimental sample is energized, so as to trigger an initial arc at a preset arc triggering position.

[0069] Specifically, a fusible metal wire refers to a thin filament-like component made of a specific metal material, with a preset fusing current and fusing temperature. Its resistance value is moderate, and it can generate heat due to the thermal effect of the current after being energized. When the heat accumulates to the melting point, it melts and breaks. It is a specific implementation of an arc triggering element.

[0070] The initial arc refers to the initial discharge channel formed when the air or inert gas at the point of fusion is ionized due to the voltage difference between the conductors at the moment the fusible metal wire melts. It is the starting point for subsequent plasma region propagation, insulation degradation, and conductor ablation.

[0071] Thus, the arc triggering element is a fusible metal wire. The arc triggering element heats up and melts after being energized in the experimental sample, thereby triggering the initial arc at a preset arc triggering position. By specifying the arc triggering element as a fusible metal wire and utilizing its physical property of melting upon energization, the start time and position of the arc can be precisely controlled, avoiding triggering failure or position deviation. Furthermore, by standardizing the experimental conditions, quantitative comparative studies under different insulating materials or operating conditions are facilitated.

[0072] Please see Figure 3 This application also provides an arc testing method, implemented based on the experimental sample described above, the method comprising: 01: Apply a preset DC current to the first and second conductors of the experimental sample placed in the preset experimental environment, trigger an initial arc through the arc triggering element, and initiate the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors; 02: During the ablation process of the insulating layer between conductors, the voltage and current signals of the second end of the first conductor and the first end of the second conductor are collected to generate the current-voltage characteristic relationship during the arc development process; 03: After the ablation process of the insulation layer between conductors is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample are obtained; 04: Based on the conductor ablation characteristics, insulation layer damage characteristics, and the relationship between current and current characteristics, as well as multiple simulation results, the insulation characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet are analyzed.

[0073] Specifically, the preset experimental environment refers to the pre-set test conditions that are as consistent as possible with the actual fault environment of the superconducting magnet, including parameters such as gas medium and gas pressure. It is a prerequisite for ensuring the authenticity of the test results.

[0074] The preset DC current refers to a constant DC current that is set in advance and is within a preset range. It is applied to the experimental sample to trigger and maintain stable arc combustion, thereby ensuring that the electrical signals of the entire arc initiation, stable combustion and extinction stages can be completely collected, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent insulation and conductivity behavior analysis.

[0075] The voltage-current characteristic relationship refers to the functional relationship between the voltage across the arc and the current flowing through the arc during the arc combustion process. It is a parameter that describes the physical characteristics of the arc and reflects key information such as the arc's power, resistance, and plasma temperature.

[0076] Conductor ablation characteristics refer to the characteristic parameters of physical damage such as melting, vaporization, and splashing that occur on the surface of a conductor under the action of an electric arc. These parameters include ablation location, ablation range, ablation depth, and ablation morphology, and serve as the basis for evaluating the thermal effect of an electric arc.

[0077] Insulation layer damage characteristics refer to the characteristic parameters of physicochemical damage such as pyrolysis, carbonization, cracking, and breakdown that occur in the insulation layer under the action of electric arc. These parameters include the extent of damage, degree of carbonization, thickness of carbonized layer, and crack distribution. They are key indicators for assessing the degradation behavior of insulation layers.

[0078] Each simulation result is obtained based on a corresponding experimental simulation model, which is constructed based on an experimental sample. Specifically, based on the geometric structure and material parameters of the experimental sample according to the embodiments of this application, and the simulation calculation method, a benchmark simulation structure is constructed, and the conductivity parameters of the insulating material of the benchmark simulation structure are adjusted in multiple sets to obtain multiple sets of experimental simulation models with different conductivity characteristics. Subsequently, a preset DC current is applied to each experimental simulation model to obtain multiple sets of simulation results under different conductivity characteristics. Each simulation result includes an arc voltage evolution curve and an ablation morphology simulation result.

[0079] The experimental sample was placed in a pre-designed experimental environment to simulate the surrounding environment when a superconducting magnet actually malfunctions, ensuring that the plasma characteristics and heat exchange process of the electric arc are consistent with actual operating conditions. A pre-designed DC current was applied to the first and second conductors, and the initial electric arc was precisely triggered using a pre-embedded arc triggering element, initiating the ablation process of the insulating layer between the conductors.

[0080] Subsequently, voltage and current signals are simultaneously acquired during the ablation of the insulation layer between conductors to generate an volt-ampere characteristic curve for the entire arc development process. This volt-ampere characteristic curve allows for the calculation of parameters such as instantaneous power, resistance, and energy of the arc, enabling analysis of its dynamic changes. In some implementations, the volt-ampere characteristic curve plotting process can be as follows: The acquired voltage and current signals are filtered to remove power supply noise and electromagnetic interference. The signals are then divided into the arc initiation stage, stable combustion stage, and extinction stage according to the time axis. Simultaneously, the average voltage, average current, average power, and total energy for each stage are calculated. The volt-ampere characteristic curve for the entire arc development process is plotted with current as the x-axis and voltage as the y-axis.

[0081] Then, after the ablation of the experimental sample is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics are quantitatively observed and analyzed using equipment such as optical microscopes, scanning electron microscopes, and 3D profilometers to determine the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample. In some embodiments, the observation and analysis of the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample can be as follows: The sample after the experiment is photographed to record the overall ablation morphology. Then, a 3D profilometer is used to scan the conductor ablation area to obtain quantitative data on the ablation depth and ablation volume. Next, an optical microscope is used to observe the cross-section of the insulation layer, measuring the thickness and damage range of the carbide layer. Finally, the conductivity of the carbide layer is tested to assess the degree of degradation of the insulation layer.

[0082] Simultaneously, based on the geometric structure of the experimental sample in the embodiments of this application, a benchmark simulation structure was constructed, and the conductivity parameters of the insulating material of the benchmark simulation structure were adjusted to obtain multiple sets of experimental simulation models with different conductivity characteristics. Subsequently, a preset DC current was applied to each experimental simulation model to obtain multiple sets of simulation results under different conductivity characteristics. Each simulation result includes an arc voltage evolution curve and an ablation morphology simulation result.

[0083] Finally, the conductor ablation characteristics, insulation layer damage characteristics, and the relationship between current and current characteristics are combined and compared with the simulation results to determine the range of inter-turn insulation conductivity parameters that best matches the actual working conditions, thereby quantitatively evaluating the impact of insulation conductivity degradation on stable arc combustion.

[0084] Thus, a preset DC current is applied to the first and second conductors of the experimental sample placed in a preset experimental environment. An initial arc is triggered by an arc-triggered element, initiating the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors. Subsequently, during the ablation process, voltage and current signals are collected from the second end of the first conductor and the first end of the second conductor to generate the current-voltage characteristic relationship during the arc development process. Then, after the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample are obtained. Finally, based on the conductor ablation characteristics, insulation layer damage characteristics, current-voltage characteristic relationship, and multiple simulation results, the insulation characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet are analyzed. Each simulation result is based on a corresponding experimental simulation model, which is constructed based on the experimental sample. In this way, through a multi-dimensional evaluation system of real-time acquisition of electrical signals and post-ablation morphology analysis, the performance changes and conductivity behavior of the inter-turn insulation under the action of an arc can be comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed.

[0085] In some implementations, the preset experimental environment includes a preset inert gas, a preset pressure, and a preset temperature. The preset inert gas includes helium, as it is the main cooling medium for the superconducting magnets in the controlled nuclear fusion device. The preset pressure is atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure, and the preset temperature is room temperature.

[0086] Thus, the preset experimental environment includes a preset inert gas, a preset pressure, and a preset temperature. The preset inert gas includes helium, and the preset pressure is atmospheric or near-atmospheric pressure. This can simulate the helium leakage environment under the fault condition of the superconducting magnet in a fusion device, making the physical characteristics of the electric arc highly consistent with the actual operating conditions, thereby improving the reference value of the experimental results.

[0087] In some implementations, the preset DC current is a constant DC current, and the value of the constant DC current is within a preset current range, so as to generate a stable and continuous arc, providing sufficient arc burning time for evaluating the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer.

[0088] Specifically, a constant direct current refers to a direct current whose magnitude and direction do not change with time, and whose value is within a preset current range. By controlling the current magnitude, a stable and continuously burning arc can be ensured, providing a sufficient time window for observing and measuring the conductivity degradation process of the inter-turn insulation layer under the thermal effect of the arc. This avoids the inability to obtain complete insulation degradation data due to premature arc extinguishing, thus ensuring the effectiveness of the conductivity assessment. It should be noted that this preset current range can be adjusted according to the size of the experimental sample, the thickness of the insulation layer, and the assessment requirements to adapt to the inter-turn insulation assessment requirements of different types of superconducting magnets.

[0089] In some embodiments, the conductor ablation characteristics include a first ablation characteristic and a second ablation characteristic. The first ablation characteristic includes a first ablation location, a first ablation range, a first ablation depth and / or a first ablation morphology of the first conductor. The second ablation characteristic includes a second ablation location, a second ablation range, a second ablation depth and / or a second ablation morphology of the second conductor. The insulation layer damage characteristics include the extent of damage and the degree of carbonization of the insulation layer between conductors.

[0090] Specifically, the first ablation characteristic refers to the characteristic parameters of the physical damage that occurs to the first conductor under the action of an electric arc, and it is the basis for assessing the degree of damage to the first conductor by the electric arc.

[0091] The first ablation location refers to the coordinates of the ablation region on the first conductor, which can be used to determine the starting position and propagation direction of the electric arc.

[0092] The first ablation range refers to the area and / or length of the ablation region on the first conductor, which can be used to assess the lateral or longitudinal propagation distance of the electric arc.

[0093] The first ablation depth refers to the maximum and / or average depth of the ablation region on the first conductor, which can be used to assess the thermal power density and energy input of the electric arc.

[0094] The first ablation morphology refers to the surface morphological characteristics of the ablation region of the first conductor, such as the shape of the molten pit, spatter marks, and oxide layer distribution, which can be used to analyze the combustion mode of the electric arc and the direction of plasma flow.

[0095] The second ablation characteristic refers to the characteristic parameters of the physical damage that occurs in the second conductor under the action of the electric arc. Together with the first ablation characteristic, it reflects the symmetry and propagation characteristics of the electric arc.

[0096] The extent of damage refers to the area and / or length of the region on the insulation layer between conductors where physical damage such as cracking, breakdown, or detachment occurs. It is used to assess the degree of damage caused by the electric arc to the structural integrity of the insulation layer.

[0097] The degree of carbonization refers to the extent to which a carbonized layer is formed in the insulation layer between conductors due to pyrolysis. It can usually be quantified by the thickness of the carbonized layer, the resistivity of the carbonized layer, or the area ratio of the carbonized region. It is an indicator for assessing the degree of conductivity degradation of the insulation layer.

[0098] Thus, by analyzing the first ablation characteristics of the first conductor and the second ablation characteristics of the second conductor respectively, the symmetry and propagation direction of the electric arc can be accurately studied. In some embodiments, the processing procedure for conductor ablation characteristics can be as follows: First, a high-definition digital camera can be used to take a complete picture of the experimental sample after the test, recording the overall damage of the first conductor, the second conductor, and the insulation layer between the conductors. Then, image analysis software is used to measure the length and area of ​​the ablation range and the damaged range to determine the coordinates of the ablation location.

[0099] Subsequently, a three-dimensional laser profilometer can be used to scan the ablation region of the conductor to obtain a three-dimensional morphological image of the ablation region, and the maximum and average ablation depths can be calculated. Simultaneously, a scanning electron microscope can be used to observe the microstructure of the ablation region, analyzing the crater structure, grain variation, and elemental distribution.

[0100] Finally, the insulating layer between conductors can be cut along the ablation region to prepare a cross-sectional sample. The cross-section is observed using an optical microscope to measure the thickness of the carbonized layer. The resistivity of the carbonized layer is measured using a four-probe analyzer to quantitatively assess the degree of conductivity degradation of the insulating layer. Alternatively, the area ratio of the carbonized region can be measured using image analysis software as an auxiliary indicator of the degree of carbonization.

[0101] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the short-circuit arc fault evolution of the inter-turn insulation layer of a superconducting magnet according to certain embodiments of this application, showing two possible fault development paths of the inter-turn insulation layer under the thermal effect of the arc.

[0102] in, Figure 4 The upper right corner shows an enlarged view of the cross-sectional structure of the superconducting magnet winding. From the inside out, the winding consists of a conductor, an inter-turn insulation layer, and a ground insulation layer. The experimental sample of the embodiment of this application is based on the equivalent design of the actual winding structure of the superconducting magnet. Figure 4 The upper left corner shows the first stage of arc development: after power is applied, the initial inter-turn arc is triggered at the preset arc trigger position of the inter-turn insulation layer. At this time, the arc propagates in the inter-turn insulation layer between two adjacent parallel conductors, and the current forms a closed loop between the two conductors through the arc plasma channel.

[0103] Under the continuous thermal effect of the electric arc, the microstructure of the inter-turn insulation layer is damaged, and its conductivity gradually degrades from the initial high-resistance insulation state, potentially leading to two different fault development paths: The first is the evolution path of insulation and non-conductivity, such as Figure 4As shown in the lower left corner: If the inter-turn insulation layer still lacks conductivity after being degraded by the heat of the electric arc, the electric arc will continue to burn stably and continuously erode adjacent conductors, eventually causing the conductors to melt and break, and the arc burning path is greatly lengthened.

[0104] The second type is the insulation carbonization and conduction evolution path, such as Figure 4 As shown in the lower right corner: If the inter-turn insulation layer undergoes pyrolysis and carbonization under the action of electric arc heat and forms a continuous conductive channel, the current will flow through the carbonized insulation layer, and the original electric arc plasma channel will be extinguished or become unstable due to current diversion.

[0105] In one example, two stainless steel conductors with a cross-sectional dimension of 19 mm × 19 mm and a length of 170 mm are used as the first conductor and the second conductor, respectively. The two conductors are arranged in strict parallel, and their cross-sectional dimensions are perfectly matched with the external dimensions of the superconducting magnet used in the thermonuclear fusion experimental device, ensuring that the conductivity and thermophysical field distribution are consistent with the actual operating conditions.

[0106] A 1 mm thick interconductor insulation layer is wrapped between the first and second conductors. This insulation layer is formed by alternating layers of polyimide film and fiberglass cloth, followed by vacuum pressure impregnation and curing with epoxy resin. Its material composition and molding process are identical to those of the actual inter-turn insulation of the magnet. A 2 mm thick grounding insulation layer is wrapped around the outer surfaces of both conductors, with a material structure identical to the interconductor insulation layer, completely covering all outer surfaces of the two conductors except for the terminals. A 50 mm high G10 insulating filler block is placed at the right end of the first conductor and the left end of the second conductor. The insulating filler block fits tightly against the conductor end face, shielding the strong electric field at the conductor ends and preventing end discharge during the test. Simultaneously, a 0.1 mm diameter copper wire is pre-embedded inside the interconductor insulation layer at a predetermined arc trigger position 110 mm from the right end of the conductor as an arc trigger element. The two ends of the copper wire are electrically connected to the first and second conductors respectively, ensuring that current can flow through the copper wire after energization.

[0107] Then, the prepared experimental sample was placed horizontally in the sealed test chamber, the test chamber door was closed and the vacuum was evacuated to below 1 Pa. Then, helium gas with a purity of 99.999% was slowly filled into the chamber until the pressure inside the chamber reached 0.1 MPa (i.e., standard atmospheric pressure).

[0108] Next, the right ends of the first and second conductors are connected to the output of the high-precision DC power supply via copper busbars, ensuring a secure connection. Subsequently, the DC power supply is turned on. Upon power-on, the pre-embedded copper wire rapidly heats up and melts due to the Joule heating generated by the large current, triggering the initial arc at the preset arc triggering position, initiating the pyrolysis, carbonization, and ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors.

[0109] Maintain a constant DC current output until the arc extinguishes naturally or the conductor melts noticeably, then disconnect the power supply to end the energizing process.

[0110] Simultaneously, throughout the entire process of arc combustion, the voltage signals at both ends of the first and second conductors and the current signals in the circuit are collected synchronously, and all electrical parameter changes in the three stages of arc initiation, stable combustion, and extinction are recorded.

[0111] After the temperature inside the test chamber cooled to room temperature, the experimental sample was removed, and the conductor ablation characteristics of the experimental sample were determined.

[0112] Thus, the conductor ablation characteristics include a first ablation characteristic and a second ablation characteristic. The first ablation characteristic includes the first ablation location, first ablation range, first ablation depth, and / or first ablation morphology of the first conductor. The second ablation characteristic includes the second ablation location, second ablation range, second ablation depth, and / or second ablation morphology of the second conductor. The insulation layer damage characteristics include the extent of damage and the degree of carbonization of the insulation layer between conductors. In this way, by refining the specific parameter dimensions of the experimental evaluation, a quantitative characterization of the arc damage effect can be achieved, thereby enabling a more in-depth analysis of the correlation mechanism between insulation conductivity degradation and arc propagation and ablation behavior.

[0113] This application also provides a computer device, in which a computer program is stored in a memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above-described arc test method.

[0114] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described arc test method.

[0115] In this specification, the terms "specifically," "furthermore," "particularly," "understandably," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with embodiments or examples that are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0116] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of executable request code comprising one or more steps for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order according to the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0117] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental sample, characterized in that, The experimental specimen is used for inter-turn insulation arc test of superconducting magnets. The experimental specimen includes a first conductor and a second conductor arranged in parallel with each other, and an inter-conductor insulation layer disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor. The cross-sectional dimensions of both the first and second conductors are matched with the cross-sectional dimensions of the conductors used in the superconducting magnet; The first insulation structure of the inter-conductor insulation layer between the first conductor and the second conductor conforms to the second insulation structure of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet; An arc triggering element is pre-embedded at a preset arc triggering position in the insulation layer between the conductors. The arc triggering element is used to trigger an initial arc after energization.

2. The experimental piece of claim 1, wherein, Both the first conductor and the second conductor are metallic conductors, including stainless steel conductors.

3. The experimental piece of claim 1, wherein, The first insulating structure is used to indicate an insulating structure formed by combining polyimide with glass fiber and curing it with epoxy resin.

4. The experimental sample of claim 3, wherein, The experimental sample also includes a grounding insulation layer, which is a third insulation structure formed by the composite of polyimide and glass fiber and cured by epoxy resin. The grounding insulation layer is wrapped around the outer surface of the experimental sample.

5. The experimental piece of claim 3, wherein, An insulating filler block is provided at the first end of the first conductor and the second end of the second conductor. The insulating filler block is made of G10 material.

6. The experimental piece of claim 1, wherein, The arc triggering element is a fusible metal wire. The arc triggering element heats up and melts after the experimental sample is energized, so as to trigger the initial arc at the preset arc triggering position.

7. An arc testing method, characterized in that, The method is implemented based on the experimental sample as described in any one of claims 1-6, and the method includes: A preset DC current is applied to the first and second conductors of the experimental sample placed in a preset experimental environment, and the initial arc is triggered by the arc triggering element, initiating the ablation process of the insulating layer between the conductors; During the ablation process of the insulating layer between the conductors, the voltage and current signals of the second end of the first conductor and the first end of the second conductor are collected to generate the current-voltage characteristic relationship during the arc development process; After the ablation process of the insulation layer between the conductors is completed, the conductor ablation characteristics and insulation layer damage characteristics of the experimental sample are obtained. Based on the conductor ablation characteristics, the insulation layer damage characteristics, and the current-voltage relationship, as well as multiple simulation results, the insulation characteristics of the inter-turn insulation layer of the superconducting magnet are analyzed. Each simulation result is obtained based on a corresponding experimental simulation model, which is constructed based on the experimental sample.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preset experimental environment includes a preset inert gas, a preset pressure, and a preset temperature. The preset inert gas includes helium, the preset pressure is atmospheric or near-atmospheric, and the preset temperature is room temperature.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preset DC current is a constant DC current, and the value of the constant DC current is within the preset current range to generate a stable and continuous electric arc, providing sufficient arc burning time for evaluating the conductivity of the inter-turn insulation layer.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conductor ablation characteristics include a first ablation characteristic and a second ablation characteristic. The first ablation characteristic includes a first ablation location, a first ablation range, a first ablation depth, and / or a first ablation morphology of the first conductor. The second ablation characteristic includes a second ablation location, a second ablation range, a second ablation depth, and / or a second ablation morphology of the second conductor. The insulation layer damage characteristics include the extent of damage and the degree of carbonization of the insulation layer between the conductors.

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