A blasting rock breaking mechanism analysis and multi-factor weight numerical model construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for analyzing the rock-breaking mechanism of blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model, comprising the following steps: S1, conducting structural characteristic surveys and mechanical property tests on interbedded soft and hard rock masses to obtain basic rock mass data; S2, combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field blasting tests to analyze the dynamic response law, deformation and failure process, and rock-breaking mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses under blasting loads; S3, screening key influencing factors affecting the rock-breaking effect of interbedded soft and hard rock masses and establishing a factor set; S4, conducting multiple sets of control blasting tests based on the factor set, collecting blasting effect data from each test group, and constructing a factor-effect correlation database. This invention clarifies the rock-breaking mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses, quantifies the influence weights of multiple factors, and the model can accurately predict blasting effects, optimize parameters, significantly reduce the rate of large blocks and the rate of foundation penetration, improve slope stability and mine blasting efficiency and safety, and the method has strong versatility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blasting engineering technology, and in particular to a method for analyzing the rock-breaking mechanism of blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model. Background Technology

[0002] Blasting technology is one of the core technologies in modern mining engineering. Interbedded soft and hard rock masses are a common and challenging geological structure in open-pit mining. These masses consist of alternating rock layers with significant differences in strength, exhibiting marked anisotropy in their mechanical properties, and their rock-breaking mechanisms differ fundamentally from those of homogeneous rock masses. During blasting excavation of interbedded soft and hard rock masses, problems such as a high rate of large blasted blocks, pronounced root-end phenomena, and unstable slopes are prone to occur, severely impacting mine production efficiency and construction safety.

[0003] In existing technologies, research on rock-breaking mechanisms by blasting is mostly focused on homogeneous rock masses. The analysis of rock-breaking mechanisms for interbedded soft and hard rock masses is not comprehensive enough, and the coupled influence of multiple factors such as rock mass structure, blasting parameters, and explosive type is not fully considered. At the same time, the design of blasting parameters relies heavily on engineering experience and lacks scientific quantitative analysis models, which cannot accurately reflect the degree of influence of each factor on the rock-breaking effect of blasting, resulting in insufficient pertinence and precision in blasting design.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, it is urgent to establish a set of blasting rock-breaking mechanism analysis methods applicable to alternating layers of soft and hard rock masses, and to construct a multi-factor weighted numerical model to achieve quantitative analysis of the factors influencing the blasting rock-breaking effect. This will provide a scientific basis for optimizing blasting parameters and improve the safety and efficiency of blasting projects under complex geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model includes the following steps: S1. Conduct structural characteristic surveys and mechanical property tests on interbedded soft and hard rock masses to obtain basic rock mass data; S2. Combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field blasting tests, we analyze the dynamic response law, deformation and failure process and blasting mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses under blasting load. S3. Screen the key influencing factors that affect the rock breaking effect of alternating soft and hard rock masses, and establish a factor set; S4. Conduct multiple sets of comparative blasting tests based on the factor set, collect blasting effect data of each test group, and construct a factor-effect correlation database; S5. Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to each key influencing factor in a hierarchical manner, and combine this with data fitting methods to adjust the weight coefficients and determine the final weight percentage of each factor. S6. Based on the final weight ratio of each factor, construct a multi-level weight numerical model that reflects the degree of influence of multiple factors.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the rock mass structural feature survey adopts a combination of ground-penetrating radar detection and three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain the geometric morphology, rock layer thickness, bedding direction and joint and fracture distribution characteristics of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass; the mechanical property test includes rock compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and failure energy test to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of different lithologies.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the numerical simulation adopts a coupled finite element method and discrete element method to establish a numerical model of blasting of soft and hard interlayered rock mass, simulates the propagation, reflection and refraction of blasting stress waves in the rock mass, and analyzes the formation, propagation and interaction process of cracks in soft and hard rock layers; the field blasting test is carried out in a representative area of ​​the mining area to monitor the rock mass deformation, crack development and block size distribution after blasting during the blasting process.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the key influencing factors include rock mass structure factors, blasting parameter factors, explosive type factors, charge structure factors, and initiation method factors. Each factor is further divided into several sub-factors to form a multi-level factor set. The rock mass structure sub-factors include rock layer hardness difference, bedding dip angle, and degree of joint and fracture development. The blasting parameter sub-factors include borehole spacing, charge amount, and decoupling coefficient. The charge structure sub-factors include continuous charge, segmented charge, and air column charge. The initiation method sub-factors include initiation sequence and delay time.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, the control blasting test adopts the single-factor variable method, changing only one sub-factor in the factor set each time, while keeping the other factors unchanged, and collecting blasting effect data such as blasting block size distribution, blasting vibration intensity, slope stability and foundation ratio of each test group.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, the specific operations of the hierarchical analysis method include: taking the blasting rock-breaking effect as the target layer, the key influencing factors as the criterion layer, and each sub-factor as the scheme layer; constructing a pairwise comparison judgment matrix, calculating the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of each layer of factors, and determining the initial weight coefficients of each factor; verifying the rationality of the judgment matrix through a consistency test, and if it fails, adjusting the judgment matrix and recalculating it; the data fitting method adopts multiple linear regression fitting, based on the factor-effect association database, taking the blasting effect data as the dependent variable, and the initial weight coefficients of each factor as the independent variable, performing regression analysis, correcting the initial weight coefficients, and obtaining the final weight ratio that conforms to the actual situation on site.

[0012] Preferably, in step S6, the construction of the multi-level weighted numerical model includes: allocating the final weight ratio to each level of factors according to the hierarchical relationship of the factors; establishing a model input-output interface, inputting the rock mass structure and blasting design parameters, and the model can output the quantitative value of the influence of each factor on the blasting rock breaking effect, and the corresponding blasting effect prediction result.

[0013] Preferably, after step S6, the multi-level weighted numerical model is verified and optimized. The model prediction results are compared with the actual blasting effect data on site, and the prediction error is calculated. If the error exceeds the preset threshold, multiple sets of on-site blasting tests are added, the factor-effect association database is updated, the weight coefficients of each factor are readjusted, and the model parameters are optimized.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention combines geological surveys, mechanical tests, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and field experiments to comprehensively analyze the rock-breaking mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses from multiple dimensions. It clarifies the dynamic response, stress wave propagation, and crack propagation laws of rock masses under blasting loads, thus overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies in providing incomplete analysis of the rock-breaking mechanism of complex rock masses.

[0015] 2. This invention conducts controlled blasting tests using the single-factor variable method, constructs a comprehensive factor-effect correlation database, and uses a combination of hierarchical analysis and multiple linear regression fitting to determine the weight ratio of each factor, thereby achieving accurate quantification of the factors affecting the rock-breaking effect of blasting and overcoming the problem of traditional blasting design relying on experience.

[0016] 3. The multi-level weighted numerical model constructed in this invention has a clear hierarchical relationship and quantitative indicators, which can achieve accurate prediction of blasting effects. At the same time, it can intuitively reflect the influence priority of each factor, providing a scientific and specific basis for the optimization design of blasting parameters for interbedded soft and hard rock masses. After optimizing the blasting parameters through the model, the blasting block rate and root rate can be effectively reduced, the slope stability can be improved, and the production efficiency and construction safety of mining blasting projects can be improved.

[0017] 4. The method of the present invention has good versatility and scalability. The factor set and model parameters can be adjusted according to the geological conditions and blasting process of different mining areas. It is applicable to blasting projects in open-pit mines with interbedded soft and hard rock masses, and can also be extended to blasting projects in other complex geological rock masses. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 A method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model includes the following steps: S1. Conduct structural characteristic surveys and mechanical property tests on interbedded soft and hard rock masses to obtain basic rock mass data; S2. Combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field blasting tests, we analyze the dynamic response law, deformation and failure process and blasting mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses under blasting load. S3. Screen the key influencing factors that affect the rock breaking effect of alternating soft and hard rock masses, and establish a factor set; S4. Conduct multiple sets of comparative blasting tests based on the factor set, collect blasting effect data of each test group, and construct a factor-effect correlation database; S5. Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to each key influencing factor in a hierarchical manner, and combine this with data fitting methods to adjust the weight coefficients and determine the final weight percentage of each factor. S6. Based on the final weight ratio of each factor, construct a multi-level weight numerical model that reflects the degree of influence of multiple factors.

[0021] In step S1, the rock mass structure feature survey adopts a combination of ground-penetrating radar detection and three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain the geometric morphology, rock layer thickness, bedding direction and joint and fracture distribution characteristics of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass; the mechanical property test includes rock compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and failure energy test to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of different lithologies.

[0022] In step S2, the numerical simulation adopts a coupled approach of finite element method and discrete element method to establish a numerical model of blasting of soft and hard interlayered rock mass, simulate the propagation, reflection and refraction of blasting stress waves in the rock mass, and analyze the formation, propagation and interaction process of cracks in soft and hard rock layers; the field blasting test is carried out in a representative area of ​​the mining area to monitor the rock mass deformation, crack development and block size distribution after blasting during the blasting process.

[0023] In step S3, the key influencing factors include rock mass structure factors, blasting parameter factors, explosive type factors, charge structure factors, and initiation method factors. Each factor is further divided into several sub-factors, forming a multi-level factor set. The rock mass structure sub-factors include rock layer hardness difference, bedding dip angle, and degree of joint and fracture development; the blasting parameter sub-factors include borehole spacing, charge amount, and decoupling coefficient; the charge structure sub-factors include continuous charge, segmented charge, and air column charge; and the initiation method sub-factors include initiation sequence and delay time.

[0024] In step S4, the control blasting test adopts the single-factor variable method, changing only one sub-factor in the factor set each time, while keeping the other factors unchanged, and collecting blasting effect data such as blasting block size distribution, blasting vibration intensity, slope stability and foundation ratio for each test group.

[0025] In step S5, the specific operations of the hierarchical analysis method include: taking the blasting rock breaking effect as the target layer, the key influencing factors as the criterion layer, and each sub-factor as the scheme layer; constructing pairwise comparison judgment matrices, calculating the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of each layer of factors, and determining the initial weight coefficients of each factor; verifying the rationality of the judgment matrix through consistency checks, and if it fails, adjusting the judgment matrix and recalculating it; using multiple linear regression fitting as the data fitting method, based on the factor-effect association database, taking the blasting effect data as the dependent variable and the initial weight coefficients of each factor as the independent variables, performing regression analysis, correcting the initial weight coefficients, and obtaining the final weight proportions that conform to the actual situation on site.

[0026] In step S6, the construction of the multi-level weighted numerical model includes: allocating the final weight ratio to each level of factors according to the hierarchical relationship of the factors; establishing the model input and output interface, inputting the rock mass structure and blasting design parameters, and the model can output the quantitative value of the influence of each factor on the blasting rock breaking effect, and the corresponding blasting effect prediction results.

[0027] After step S6, the multi-level weighted numerical model is verified and optimized. The model prediction results are compared with the actual blasting effect data on site, and the prediction error is calculated. If the error exceeds the preset threshold, multiple sets of on-site blasting tests are added, the factor-effect association database is updated, the weight coefficients of each factor are readjusted, and the model parameters are optimized.

[0028] This invention analyzes the inherent laws of rock breaking in alternating layers of soft and hard rock through multi-dimensional technical means. Then, through experimental quantification, mathematical weighting, and model construction, it establishes a scientific quantitative correlation between blasting influencing factors and rock breaking effects. Ultimately, it realizes the transformation from "experience-based blasting design" to "data-driven precision blasting design". The whole process revolves around four core links: "mechanism understanding - factor quantification - weight modeling - precision application", with each link supporting each other and forming a closed loop.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Conduct structural characteristic surveys and mechanical property tests on interbedded soft and hard rock masses to obtain basic rock mass data; S2. Combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field blasting tests, we analyze the dynamic response law, deformation and failure process and blasting mechanism of interbedded soft and hard rock masses under blasting load. S3. Screen the key influencing factors that affect the rock breaking effect of alternating soft and hard rock masses, and establish a factor set; S4. Conduct multiple sets of comparative blasting tests based on the factor set, collect blasting effect data of each test group, and construct a factor-effect correlation database; S5. Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to each key influencing factor in a hierarchical manner, and combine this with data fitting methods to adjust the weight coefficients and determine the final weight percentage of each factor. S6. Based on the final weight ratio of each factor, construct a multi-level weight numerical model that reflects the degree of influence of multiple factors.

2. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the rock mass structural feature survey adopts a combination of ground-penetrating radar detection and three-dimensional laser scanning to obtain the geometric morphology, rock layer thickness, bedding direction and joint and fracture distribution characteristics of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass; the mechanical property test includes rock compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus and failure energy test to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of different lithologies.

3. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the numerical simulation adopts a coupled approach of finite element method and discrete element method to establish a numerical model of blasting of soft and hard interlayered rock mass, simulates the propagation, reflection and refraction of blasting stress waves in the rock mass, and analyzes the formation, propagation and interaction process of cracks in soft and hard rock layers; the field blasting test is carried out in a representative area of ​​the mining area to monitor rock mass deformation, crack development and block size distribution after blasting during the blasting process.

4. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the key influencing factors include rock mass structure factors, blasting parameter factors, explosive type factors, charge structure factors, and initiation method factors. Each factor is further divided into several sub-factors, forming a multi-level factor set. The rock mass structure sub-factors include rock layer hardness difference, bedding dip angle, and degree of joint and fracture development. The blasting parameter sub-factors include borehole spacing, charge amount, and decoupling coefficient. The charge structure sub-factors include continuous charge, segmented charge, and air column charge. The initiation method sub-factors include initiation sequence and delay time.

5. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the control blasting test adopts the single-factor variable method, changing only one sub-factor in the factor set each time while keeping the other factors unchanged, and collecting blasting effect data such as blasting block size distribution, blasting vibration intensity, slope stability and foundation ratio of each test group.

6. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the specific operations of the hierarchical analysis method include: taking the blasting rock-breaking effect as the target layer, the key influencing factors as the criterion layer, and each sub-factor as the scheme layer; constructing a pairwise comparison judgment matrix, calculating the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of each layer of factors, and determining the initial weight coefficients of each factor; verifying the rationality of the judgment matrix through a consistency test, and if it fails, adjusting the judgment matrix and recalculating it; the data fitting method adopts multiple linear regression fitting, based on the factor-effect association database, taking the blasting effect data as the dependent variable, and the initial weight coefficients of each factor as the independent variable, performing regression analysis, correcting the initial weight coefficients, and obtaining the final weight ratio that conforms to the actual situation on site.

7. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the construction of the multi-level weighted numerical model includes: allocating the final weight ratio to each level of factors according to the hierarchical relationship of the factors; establishing a model input-output interface, inputting the rock mass structure and blasting design parameters, and the model can output the quantitative value of the influence of each factor on the blasting rock breaking effect, and the corresponding blasting effect prediction result.

8. The method for analyzing the mechanism of rock breaking by blasting and constructing a multi-factor weighted numerical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S6, the multi-level weighted numerical model is verified and optimized. The model prediction results are compared with the actual blasting effect data on site, and the prediction error is calculated. If the error exceeds the preset threshold, multiple sets of on-site blasting tests are added, the factor-effect association database is updated, the weight coefficients of each factor are readjusted, and the model parameters are optimized.

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