Polysaccharide derivatives

Abstract

This document discloses compositions comprising at least one acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative. Such derivatives can be produced by contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide, wherein the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid. Methods for producing the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative are further disclosed, as well as their use in various applications and products.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 587,014 (filed September 29, 2023), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure pertains to the field of polysaccharide derivatives. For example, this disclosure relates to polysaccharides derived from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid, and the use of such materials in various applications. Background Technology

[0003] Multifunctional detergent compositions that provide cleaning, water softening, and rinsing benefits have been produced. For example, detergent formulations for automatic dishwashing machines and other appliances are designed to function under hard water conditions. Hard water cations such as Ca... 2+ and Mg 2+ Hard water cations can crystallize with carbonates and form insoluble salts, which deposit (also known as scale) on surfaces such as tableware or internal parts of appliances (e.g., pipes, sprayers). Hard water cations also play a role in soap scum formation. Bio-based ingredients such as sodium citrate, trisodium methylglycine diacetate (MGDA), and L-glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) can help prevent these unwanted deposits by chelating hard water cations and keeping them in solution. However, these ingredients are insufficient to prevent hard water surface deposits after repeated washing steps. The inhibition of hard water deposit formation has been more successfully addressed by incorporating fully synthetic polymers (typically 100% petroleum-based) into detergent compositions, such as polyacrylates (e.g., sulfonated polyacrylates) or bisphosphonates (e.g., 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid [HEDP]). These ingredients are non-renewable and not readily biodegradable; due to such environmental concerns, these and related ingredients are increasingly subject to government regulation.

[0004] Several detergent products containing one or more environmentally friendly components have been developed, but these products typically fail to provide consumers with acceptable cleaning performance (e.g., the aforementioned bio-based agents). Therefore, there remains a need for cleaning composition ingredients that are renewable and / or biodegradable and provide cleaning performance equal to or better than that of products containing synthetic components. For example, this document discloses polysaccharide derivatives and detergent compositions containing one or more of these polysaccharide derivatives to address this need. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one embodiment, this disclosure relates to a composition / product comprising at least one acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide or a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (i.e., a DoS of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one acrylic acid-derived group).

[0006] In another embodiment, this disclosure relates to a method of washing or treating a hard surface, the method comprising: (a) contacting the hard surface with a washing / treatment composition comprising an acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative as disclosed in this invention, and (b) removing all or a portion of the washing / treatment composition from the hard surface; thereby washing or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed / treated hard surface has reduced film formation, spots, turbidity, or other deposits, optionally wherein the hard surface is a hard surface of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

[0007] In another embodiment, this disclosure relates to a method for producing acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives as disclosed herein, the method comprising: (a) contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide or a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group to produce acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives have a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid; and (b) optionally separating the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives. Detailed Implementation

[0008] All cited patent and non-patent literature publications are incorporated into this paper in their full text by reference.

[0009] Unless otherwise disclosed, the term "a / an" as used herein is intended to cover one / an or more / multiple (i.e., at least one / an) of the features referenced.

[0010] If they exist, all ranges are inclusive and composable unless otherwise stated. For example, when listing the range “1 to 5” (i.e., 1-5), the listed range should be interpreted as including the ranges “1 to 4”, “1 to 3”, “1-2”, “1-2 and 4-5”, “1-3 and 5”, etc. Unless otherwise expressly indicated, the numerical values ​​of the various ranges in this disclosure are stated as approximate values, as the minimum and maximum values ​​within the stated ranges are preceded by the word “approximately”. In this way, typically, slightly higher and lower variables than the stated ranges can achieve substantially the same results as values ​​within these ranges. Moreover, these ranges are intended to be disclosed as continuous ranges including every value between the minimum and maximum values.

[0011] Each maximum numerical limit given throughout this specification is intended to include each lower numerical limit, as such lower numerical limit is explicitly stated herein. Each minimum numerical limit given throughout this specification will include each higher numerical limit, as such higher numerical limit is explicitly stated herein. Each numerical range given throughout this specification will include each narrower numerical range falling within such a wider numerical range, as such narrower numerical range is explicitly stated in its entirety herein.

[0012] It should be understood that, for clarity, certain features of this disclosure described above and below in the context of aspects / exercises may also be provided in combination in a single element. Conversely, for brevity, various features of this disclosure described in the context of a single aspect / exercise may also be provided individually or in any sub-combination.

[0013] The term "polysaccharide" (or "glycan") refers to a polymeric carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic bonds, which, upon hydrolysis, yields a polysaccharide and / or oligosaccharide component. Polysaccharides as used herein can be linear or branched, and / or can be homopolysaccharides (composed of only one type of component monosaccharide) or heteropolysaccharides (composed of two or more different component monosaccharides). Examples of polysaccharides described herein include dextran (polydextrose), fructan (polyfructose), galactan (polygalactan), mannan (polymannose), arabinogalactan (polyarabinose), xylan (xylooligosaccharide), alginate (alginic acid), and soybean polysaccharides.

[0014] As used herein, "dextran" refers to a class of polysaccharides, which are polymers of glucose (polydextrans). Dextran may comprise, for example, about 90% by weight, 91% by weight, 92% by weight, 93% by weight, 94% by weight, 95% by weight, 96% by weight, 97% by weight, 98% by weight, 99% by weight, or 100% by weight of glucose monomer units. Examples of dextran in this document are α-glucan and β-glucan.

[0015] The terms “α-glucan”, “α-glucan polymer”, etc., are used interchangeably herein. α-glucan is a polymer comprising glucose monomer units linked together by α-glycosidic bonds. Typically, the glycosidic bonds of α-glucans herein are about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% α-glycosidic bonds. Examples of α-glucan polymers herein include α-1,3-glucan, α-1,4-glucan, and α-1,6-glucan.

[0016] The terms “β-glucan”, “β-glucan polymer”, etc., are used interchangeably herein. β-glucan is a polymer comprising glucose monomer units linked together by β-glycosidic bonds. Typically, the glycosidic bonds in β-glucans herein are about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% β-glycosidic bonds. Examples of β-glucan polymers herein include β-1,3-glucan, β-1,4-glucan, and β-1,6-glucan.

[0017] Unless otherwise stated, the term "carbohydrate" and other similar terms herein refer to monosaccharides and / or disaccharides / oligosaccharides. "Disaccharide" herein refers to a carbohydrate having two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond. "Oligosaccharide" herein can refer to a carbohydrate having, for example, 3 to 15 monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond. Oligosaccharides may also be referred to as "oligomers." Monosaccharides contained within a disaccharide / oligosaccharide (e.g., glucose and / or fructose) may be referred to as "monomer units," "monosaccharide units," or other similar terms.

[0018] The terms “α-1,3-glucan,” “poly-α-1,3-glucan,” and “α-1,3-glucan polymer” are used interchangeably herein. α-1,3-glucan is an α-glucan comprising glucose monomer units linked together by glycosidic bonds, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds are α-1,3. In some aspects, α-1,3-glucan contains about, or at least about 90%, 95%, or 100% α-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Most or all of the other bonds (if present) in α-1,3-glucan herein are typically α-1,6, although some bonds may also be α-1,2 and / or α-1,4. α-1,3-glucan herein is typically water-insoluble.

[0019] The terms “α-1,6-glucan,” “poly-α-1,6-glucan,” “α-1,6-glucan polymer,” “dextran,” etc., used herein refer to water-soluble α-glucans comprising glucose monomer units linked together by glycosidic bonds, wherein at least about 40% of the glycosidic bonds are α-1,6. In some aspects, α-1,6-glucan comprises about, or at least about 90%, 95%, or 100% α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. Other bonds that may optionally be present in α-1,6-glucan include α-1,2, α-1,3, and / or α-1,4 bonds.

[0020] The terms “α-1,4-glucan,” “poly-α-1,4-glucan,” and “α-1,4-glucan polymer” are used interchangeably herein. α-1,4-glucan is an α-glucan comprising glucose monomer units linked together by glycosidic bonds, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds are α-1,4. In some aspects, α-1,4-glucan contains about, or at least about 90%, 95%, or 100% α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Most or all of the other bonds (if present) in the α-1,4-glucan herein are typically α-1,6 (typically forming branches), but can also be α-1,2 and / or α-1,3. Examples of α-1,4-glucan herein include amylose, amylopectin, and starch.

[0021] The terms “β-1,4-glucan,” “poly-β-1,4-glucan,” “β-1,4-glucan polymer,” “cellulose,” etc., are used interchangeably herein. β-1,4-glucan is a water-insoluble β-glucan comprising glucose monomer units linked together by glycosidic bonds, wherein approximately 100% of the glycosidic bonds are β-1,4. β-1,4-glucan can be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0334696.

[0022] The terms “β-1,3-glucan,” “poly-β-1,3-glucan,” “β-1,3-glucan polymer,” etc., are used interchangeably herein. β-1,3-glucan is a β-glucan comprising glucose monomer units linked together by glycosidic bonds, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds are β-1,3. In some aspects, β-1,3-glucan comprises about, or at least about 90%, 95%, or 100% β-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Most or all other bonds in β-1,3-glucan herein, if present, are typically β-1,6 (usually forming branches). β-1,3-glucan can be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0287919 and Stone, BA (2009, Chemistry of Beta-Glucans), edited by Antony Bacic et al. Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides [1-3 β-glucan and related polysaccharides: chemistry, biochemistry and biology] (Published by Academic Press, Burlington, Massachusetts), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0023] The terms “soybean polysaccharide” and “soybean fiber” are used interchangeably herein and refer to high molecular weight, water-insoluble polysaccharide materials obtainable from soybeans. Typically, soybean polysaccharides are obtained from the cell wall structural components of soybeans. Soybean polysaccharides as described herein may be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0079832, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0024] The terms “alginate,” “alginic acid,” and “algin” are used interchangeably in this document. Alginate is a linear copolymer having homopolymer blocks of (1,4)-linked β-D-mannuronic acid (Ma) and α-L-guluronic acid (Gu) residues connected together in different sequences or blocks. Monomers can appear in homopolymer blocks of consecutive Gu residues (Gu-blocks), consecutive Ma residues (Ma-blocks), or alternating Ma and Gu residues (MaGu-blocks).

[0025] As used herein, the “α-1,2 branch” (and similar terms) typically comprises glucose α-1,2-linked to the dextran backbone; therefore, the α-1,2 branch in this paper may also be referred to as the α-1,2,6 bond. The α-1,2 branch in this paper typically has a glucose group (which may optionally be referred to as a side-chain glucose).

[0026] As used herein, the “α-1,3 branch” (and similar terms) typically comprises glucose α-1,3-linked to the dextran backbone; therefore, the α-1,3 branch in this document may also be referred to as the α-1,3,6 bond. The α-1,3 branch in this document typically has a glucose group (which may optionally be referred to as a side-chain glucose).

[0027] In some respects, the term "polymer" refers to a polymer containing at least two different types of α-glucan (such as dextran and α-1,3-glucan).

[0028] In this article, the terms "graft copolymer," "branched copolymer," etc., generally refer to copolymers that contain a "backbone" (or "main chain") and one or more side chains branching from the backbone. The side chains are structurally different from the backbone.

[0029] Examples of graft copolymers in this document are “dextran-α-1,3-glucan graft copolymers” (and similar terms), which comprise a backbone containing dextran and one or more side chains of α-1,3-glucan. In some aspects, the backbone may itself be a branched dextran as disclosed herein; the addition of α-1,3-glucan side chains to such a backbone (thus forming the graft copolymers of this document) may be carried out, for example, via enzymatic extension from the non-reducing ends presented by short branches (α-1,2, α-1,3, or α-1,4 branches, each typically containing a single glucose monomer; i.e., side-chain glucose). The short branches (which can be enzymatically extended into α-1,3-glucan side chains) may be present on additional straight or predominantly straight-chain dextran, or may be present on branched dextran. In some respects, α-1,3-glucan can also be synthesized from the non-reducing end of the dextran backbone, such as in embodiments where the dextran backbone is straight or mostly straight, or in embodiments where the dextran backbone is branched (e.g., dendritic or non-dendritic [the branches do not emanate from the nucleus] but have a branch-to-branch structure); technically, such α-1,3-glucan is not a side chain of dextran, but rather an extension from one or more dextran backbones.

[0030] The branching percentage in polysaccharides used herein refers to the percentage of all bonds in the polysaccharide representing branching points. For example, the percentage of α-1,2 branches in α-glucan used herein refers to the percentage of all bonds in the dextran representing α-1,2 branching points. Unless otherwise stated, the bond percentages disclosed herein are based on the total number of bonds in the polysaccharide, or on the portion of the polysaccharide specifically addressed in the disclosure.

[0031] The terms “bond,” “glycosidic linkage,” and “glycosidic bond” refer to the covalent bonds that link sugar monomers within a sugar compound (oligosaccharide and / or polysaccharide). Examples of glycosidic bonds include 1,6-α-D-glycosidic bonds (also referred to herein as “α-1,6” bonds), 1,3-α-D-glycosidic bonds (also referred to herein as “α-1,3” bonds), 1,4-α-D-glycosidic bonds (also referred to herein as “α-1,4” bonds), and 1,2-α-D-glycosidic bonds (also referred to herein as “α-1,2” bonds).

[0032] The glycosidic bond profile of polysaccharides or their derivatives can be determined using any method known in the art. For example, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used (e.g., 13 C NMR and / or 1 The bond distribution characteristics can be determined using methods such as H NMR. These and other methods that can be used are disclosed, for example, Food Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Physical Properties, and Applications [ Food carbohydrates: chemical and physical properties and applications [This is from SW Cui, ed., Chapter 3, Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Pocaraton, Florida, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference.]

[0033] The “molecular weight” of polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives used herein may be expressed as weight-average molecular weight (Mw) or number-average molecular weight (Mn), in units of Daltons (Da) or grams per mole. Alternatively, molecular weight may be expressed as DPw (weight-average degree of polymerization) or DPn (number-average degree of polymerization). The molecular weight of smaller polysaccharide polymers (such as oligosaccharides) may optionally be provided as “DP” (degree of polymerization), which refers only to the number of monomers contained within the polysaccharide; “DP” may also characterize the molecular weight of the polymer based on a single molecule. Various methods for calculating these different molecular weight measurements are known in the art, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), or gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

[0034] As used in this article, Mw = ΣNiMi 2Mw is calculated as / ΣNiMi; where Mi is the molecular weight of a single chain i and Ni is the number of chains having that molecular weight. Besides SEC, the Mw of a polymer can be determined by other techniques such as static light scattering, mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight), small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering, or ultracentrifugation. As used herein, Mn can be calculated as Mn = ΣNiMi / ΣNi, where Mi is the molecular weight of chain i and Ni is the number of chains having that molecular weight. Besides SEC, the Mn of a polymer can be determined by various colligative methods such as vapor pressure permeation, by spectroscopic methods such as proton NMR, proton FTIR, or UV-Vis end-group determination. As used herein, DPw and DPn can be calculated from Mw and Mn respectively by dividing them by the molar mass M1 of a monomer unit. In the case of unsubstituted dextran polymers, M1 = 162. In the case of substituted (derived) dextran polymers, M1 = 162 + M f x DoS, where M f It is the molar mass of the substituent group, and DoS is the degree of substitution (average number of substituent groups per glucose unit of the dextran polymer).

[0035] In this article, "acrylic acid," "acrylate," "propenoic acid," "propenoate," "prop-2-enoic acid," and similar terms refer to compounds having the following formula / structure: , its salt (e.g., sodium salt), or its anionic form. This formula considers acrylic acid / acrylate as acrylic acid / acrylate existing prior to derivatization into a polysaccharide.

[0036] In this article, "itaconic acid," "itaconate," and similar terms refer to compounds having the following formula / structure: Itaconic acid, its salt (e.g., sodium salt), or its anionic form. This formula considers itaconic acid / itaconate as itaconic acid / itaconate existing prior to derivatization into a polysaccharide.

[0037] As used herein, “acrylate polysaccharide derivative” (and similar terms such as “acrylate-grafted polysaccharide”) (e.g., acrylate dextran derivative) typically refers to a polysaccharide that has been substituted with an acrylic acid or acrylic acid-derived group, and optionally further substituted with at least one other type of organic group (i.e., an acrylic acid group is also considered an organic group). The degree of substitution (DoS) of the polysaccharide derivative herein can be up to about 3.0 (e.g., about 0.001 to about 3.0). As used herein, “acrylate group,” “acrylate group,” and similar terms refer to a group formed (substituted thereon) on the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative when the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is derivatized with acrylic acid (by contacting / reacting the polysaccharide with acrylic acid under suitable conditions for derivatizing the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative with acrylic acid). Examples of acrylate groups herein include acrylate and polyacrylate groups. Although acrylic groups are typically attached to the polyacrylic acid derivatives herein via ether bonds (or possibly ester bonds), organic groups (other than acrylic groups) may be attached to the polysaccharide derivatives herein via, for example, ether, ester, carbamate / carbamoyl, sulfonyl, or carbonate bonds.

[0038] As used herein, “itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative” (and similar terms such as “itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide”) (e.g., itaconic acid dextran derivative) typically refers to a polysaccharide that has been substituted with itaconic acid or an itaconic acid-derived group, and optionally further substituted with at least one other type of organic group (i.e., the itaconic acid group is also considered an organic group). The degree of substitution (DoS) of the polysaccharide derivatives herein can be up to about 3.0 (e.g., about 0.001 to about 3.0). As used herein, “itaconic acid group,” “itaconate group,” and similar terms refer to a group formed (substituted thereon) on the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative when the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is derivatized with itaconic acid (by contacting / reacting the polysaccharide with itaconic acid under suitable conditions for derivatizing the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative with itaconic acid). Examples of itaconic acid groups herein include itacate and polyitaconate groups. Although the polyitaconic acid group is typically linked to the polyitaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein via an ether bond (or possibly an ester bond), organic groups (other than the polyitaconic acid group) may be linked to the polysaccharide derivatives herein via, for example, ether, ester, carbamate / carbamoyl, sulfonyl, or carbonate bonds.

[0039] The organic groups described herein are typically uncharged (nonionic) or anionic; generally, this charge can be as present in the organic group when it is in the aqueous composition described herein, taking into account the pH of the aqueous composition (in some respects, the pH can be 4-10 or 5-9, or any pH as disclosed herein). When present in the polysaccharide derivatives described herein, the organic group containing a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group can be the carboxylic acid or carboxylate group itself (e.g., the C6 of glucose can be -COOH or -COO). - ), or can be (i) an organic group attached to a polysaccharide ether-, ester-, carbamate-, sulfonyl-, or carbonate- and (ii) an organic group containing a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group (e.g., carboxylalkyl, such as carboxymethyl). The acrylic and itaconic acid groups in this document typically contain carboxylic acid and / or carboxylate groups.

[0040] As used herein, the term "degree of substitution" (DoS, or DS) refers to the average number of hydroxyl groups in each monomer unit of a polysaccharide derivative that are substituted by one or more acrylic and / or itaconic acid groups and optionally one or more other organic groups (e.g., via ethers, esters, or other bonds as described herein). The DoS of a polysaccharide derivative herein may be stated with reference to the DoS of a specific substituent or the overall DoS, which is the sum of the DoS values ​​for different substituent types. Unless otherwise disclosed, when DoS is not stated with reference to a specific substituent type, it means the overall DoS.

[0041] As used herein, the term "molar degree of substitution" (MS) refers to the number of moles of acrylic and / or itaconic acid groups and optionally another organic group per monomer unit of the polysaccharide derivative herein. It should be noted that the molar degree of substitution value of a polysaccharide derivative can, for example, have very high upper limits, such as hundreds or even thousands. For example, if the organic group is a hydroxyl-containing alkyl group, the hydroxyl group thus formed from ethylene oxide can be further etherified to form a polyether via the addition of ethylene oxide to one of these hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide.

[0042] The term "ether" (e.g., polysaccharide ether derivative) as used herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014 / 179913, 2016 / 0304629, 2015 / 0239995, 2018 / 0230241, 2018 / 0237816, 2020 / 0002646, 2023 / 0212325, 2023 / 0235097, or 2024 / 0301325 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2021 / 257786 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference). The terms "polysaccharide ether derivative," "polysaccharide ether compound," "polysaccharide ether," etc., are used interchangeably herein. The polysaccharide ether derivatives described herein are polysaccharides that have been etherified (optionally in addition to derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) with one or more organic groups (e.g., uncharged, anionic), such that the derivatives have a DoS of up to about 3.0 contributed by one or more acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid groups and organic groups. Typically, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid groups, as derivatized into the polysaccharide, are ether-linked to the polysaccharide and can therefore be optionally considered as ether groups. The polysaccharide ether derivatives described herein are characterized by the inclusion of the substructure -C G -OC- is referred to as "ether", where "-C" is the ether. G "-" represents the carbon atom of the monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide ether derivative (where such carbon atom is bonded to the hydroxyl group [-OH] in the polysaccharide precursor of the ether), and "-C-" is the carbon atom of the organic group.

[0043] The term “ester” (e.g., polysaccharide ester derivative) as used herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 2014 / 0187767, 2018 / 0155455, 2020 / 0308371, or 2023 / 0287148, or International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO2021252575 or WO 2023 / 287684, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The terms “polysaccharide ester derivative,” “polysaccharide ester compound,” “polysaccharide ester,” etc., are used interchangeably herein. A polysaccharide ester derivative as used herein is a polysaccharide that has been esterified (optionally in addition to derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) with one or more organic groups (i.e., acyl groups) such that the derivative has a DoS of up to about 3.0 contributed by one or more acrylic acid groups (and / or itaconic acid groups) and organic groups. In some aspects, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid groups, such as those derivatized into the polysaccharide, are ester-linked to the polysaccharide and may therefore be optionally considered as ester groups. Polysaccharide ester derivatives in this paper contain substructure -C G -O-CO-C- is called an "ester", where "-C" is the base of the ester. G-” represents the carbon atom of the monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide ester derivative (where such carbon atom is bonded to the hydroxyl group [-OH] in the polysaccharide precursor of the ester), and wherein “-CO-C-” is contained in the acyl group.

[0044] The terms "polysaccharide carbamate derivative," "polysaccharide carbamate," and "carbamoyl polysaccharide," etc., are used interchangeably herein. Polysaccharide carbamate derivatives contain (optionally, in addition to derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) a -OCONH- or And therefore contains the substructure -C G -OCONH-C R -or-C G -OCON-C R2 -, where "-C" G -” indicates the carbon atom of the monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide carbamate derivative, and “-C” represents the carbon atom of the monomer unit. R The "-" is contained within an organic group. In some respects, the nitrogen atom of the urethane / carbamoyl moiety is attached to both a hydrogen atom and an organic group. However, in other respects, the nitrogen atom of the urethane / carbamoyl moiety is attached to both organic groups (as in the "-C" above). R2 (as shown in the figure) The two organic groups can be the same (e.g., two methyl groups and two ethyl groups) or different (e.g., methyl and ethyl groups).

[0045] The terms "polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative," "sulfonyl polysaccharide," etc., are used interchangeably herein. Polysaccharide sulfonyl derivatives contain (optionally, in addition to derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) a -OSO2- bond moiety and therefore include a substructure -C G -O-SO2-C R -, where "-C" G -” indicates the carbon atom of the monomer unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide sulfonyl derivative, and “-C R -" is contained in an organic group. The sulfonyl bond in this document is non-ionizable. The sulfonyl group of the polysaccharide sulfonyl derivatives herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0212325, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0046] The terms “polysaccharide carbonate derivative” and “carbonate polysaccharide” are used interchangeably herein. Polysaccharide carbonate derivatives contain (optionally in addition to derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) a bond moiety -OCOO- and therefore include a substructure -C. G -O-COO-C R -, where "-C" G -” represents the carbon atom of the monomeric unit (e.g., glucose) of the polysaccharide carbonate derivative, and where “-CR -" is contained in an organic group. The carbonate bond in this document is non-ionizable. The carbonate group of the polysaccharide carbonate derivatives herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0212325, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0047] The “sulfonate” group used herein may be disclosed, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2019 / 246228 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0253977 (each incorporated herein by reference).

[0048] As used herein, “oxidized polysaccharide derivative” (and similar terms) refers to compounds resulting from the oxidation of polysaccharide derivatives as disclosed herein. Such oxidation can occur, for example, at one or more hydroxyl groups of a monomeric unit of the polysaccharide derivative, and / or at one or more hydroxyl groups of a substituted organic group of the polysaccharide derivative. Oxidation can independently convert the hydroxyl group to an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxyl group. For example, the polysaccharide derivatives herein can be oxidized by contacting them with one or more oxidizing / oxidation agents under aqueous conditions. In some aspects, the polysaccharide derivatives herein can be oxidized before or after they have been derivatized with acrylic acid (and / or itaconic acid) and optionally further derivatized with organic groups. The oxidation reaction herein can be carried out, for example, as disclosed in the examples below or as disclosed in International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO2022 / 178073 or WO 2022 / 178075 or U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2024 / 0199766 or 2024 / 0150497 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0049] As used herein, the terms “aqueous liquid,” “aqueous fluid,” “aqueous conditions,” “aqueous reaction conditions,” “aqueous environment,” and “aqueous system” can refer to water or an aqueous solution. An “aqueous solution” as used herein may contain one or more dissolved salts, wherein in some respects the maximum total salt concentration may be about 3.5 wt%. While aqueous liquids as used herein typically contain water as the sole solvent, aqueous liquids may optionally contain one or more other solvents miscible with water (e.g., polar organic solvents). Thus, an aqueous solution may contain a solvent having at least about 10 wt% water.

[0050] For example, the term "aqueous composition" as used herein refers to a liquid component comprising about, or at least about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 99, or 100 wt% water. Examples of aqueous compositions include, for example, mixtures, solutions, dispersions (e.g., suspensions, colloidal dispersions), and emulsions.

[0051] In some aspects, the compositions of this disclosure can provide stability to dispersions or emulsions. The term "stability" (or "stable" quality) of a dispersion or emulsion herein refers to, for example, the ability of dispersed particles of the dispersion or liquid droplets (emulsion) dispersed in another liquid to remain dispersed (e.g., about 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100 wt% of the particles of the dispersion or the liquid droplets of the emulsion being dispersed) for a period of about 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, or 36 months after the initial preparation of the dispersion or emulsion. In some aspects, a stable dispersion or emulsion can resist complete deposition, flocculation, and / or aggregation of the dispersed / emulsifying material.

[0052] Polysaccharide derivatives referred to herein as “soluble,” “water-soluble,” or “water-insoluble” (and similar terms) are dissolved (or readily soluble) in water or other aqueous conditions, optionally characterized by a pH of 4-9 (e.g., pH 6-8) and / or a temperature of about 1°C to 130°C (e.g., 20°C-25°C). In some aspects, water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives are soluble in water at pH 7 at 25°C at 1% by weight or higher. In contrast, polysaccharide derivatives referred to herein as “insoluble,” “water-insoluble,” or “water-insoluble” (and similar terms) are insoluble under these conditions. In some aspects, less than 1.0 g (e.g., an undetectable amount) of water-insoluble polysaccharide derivatives dissolves in 1000 mL of such aqueous conditions (e.g., water at 23°C).

[0053] The term "home care products" and similar terms typically refer to products, goods, and services relating to the handling, cleaning, care, and / or conditioning of the home and its interior. This includes, for example, chemicals, compositions, products, or combinations thereof intended for such care.

[0054] The terms “fabric,” “textile,” “cloth,” etc., are used interchangeably herein to refer to woven materials having a network of natural and / or man-made fibers. Such fibers may be in the form of, for example, silk threads or yarns.

[0055] "Fabric care composition" and similar terms refer to any composition suitable for treating fabrics in a certain way. Examples of such compositions include laundry detergents and fabric softeners, which are examples of fabric care compositions.

[0056] Typically, a “detergent composition” as used herein contains at least a surfactant (detergent compound) and / or a builder. A “surfactant” as used herein refers to a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which a substance is dissolved. Surfactants can be used as, for example, detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and / or dispersants.

[0057] The terms “heavy-duty detergent,” “general-purpose detergent,” etc., are used interchangeably herein to refer to detergents suitable for regular washing of white and / or colored textiles at any temperature. The terms “light-duty detergent,” “delicate fabric detergent,” etc., are used interchangeably herein to refer to detergents suitable for caring for delicate fabrics such as viscose, wool, silk, microfiber, or other fabrics requiring special care. “Special care” may include conditions such as using excess water, low agitation, and / or no bleaching.

[0058] The terms "builder," "builder agent," etc., used herein refer to compositions, for example, capable of complexing with hard water cations such as calcium and magnesium cations. It is believed that the formation of such complexes prevents one or more cations from forming water-insoluble salts and / or other complexes. In the context of detergent compositions used for cleaning or maintenance applications, builders added thereto typically enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of surfactants present in the detergent composition. The terms "builder capacity," "builder activity," etc., are used interchangeably herein and refer to the ability of an aqueous composition to exhibit characteristics conferred by one or more builders present in the aqueous composition. In some aspects herein, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may be used as builders.

[0059] The terms “flocculator,” “flocculating agent,” “flocculating composition,” “agglomerator,” etc., used in this document refer to substances that can promote the agglomeration / clustering / agglomeration of insoluble particles suspended in water or other aqueous liquids, thereby making these particles more readily removable by sedimentation / deposition, filtration, granulation, and / or other suitable means. Particle flocculation typically occurs during the removal / separation of particles from aqueous suspensions. In some aspects of this document, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can be used as flocculants.

[0060] The term "personal care products" and similar terms typically refer to products, goods, and services relating to the treatment, cleaning, washing, care, or conditioning of a person. This includes, for example, chemicals, compositions, products, or combinations thereof used in such care.

[0061] The terms “ingestible product”, “ingestible composition”, etc., refer to any substance that can be taken orally (i.e., through the mouth), alone or in combination with another substance. “Inedible product” (“inedible composition”) refers to any composition that can be ingested orally for purposes other than food or beverage consumption. Examples of inedible products in this article include supplements, health supplements, functional food products, pharmaceutical products, oral care products (e.g., dental floss, mouthwash), and cosmetics such as sweetened lip balms.

[0062] The term "medical product" and similar terms typically refer to products, goods and services related to the diagnosis, treatment and / or care of patients.

[0063] In this article, the terms “pharmaceutical product,” “medicine,” “medication,” “drug,” or similar terms refer to compositions used to treat a disease or injury and which may be administered orally or parenterally.

[0064] The term "industrial product" and similar terms typically refer to products, goods and services used in industrial and / or institutional settings, but not typically used by individual consumers.

[0065] As used herein, the term "viscosity" refers to a measure of the degree to which a fluid (aqueous or non-aqueous) resists forces that tend to cause it to flow. Various units of viscosity that may be used herein include, for example, centipoise (cP, cps) and pascal-second (Pa·s). One centipoise is one-hundredth of a poise; one poise is equal to 0.100 kg·m³. -1 ·s -1 In some respects, viscosity can be reported as “intrinsic viscosity” (IV, η, in dL / g); this term refers to a measure of the contribution of the dextran polymer to the viscosity of a liquid (e.g., a solution) containing the dextran polymer. IV measurements herein can be obtained, for example, using any suitable method, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application Publications 2017 / 0002335, 2017 / 0002336, or 2018 / 0340199, or Weaver et al. (…). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. [Journal of Applied Polymer Science] 35:1631-1637) or Chun and Park ( Macromol. Chem. Phys. [Polymer Chemistry and Physics] All of the information disclosed in (195:701-711) is incorporated herein by reference. For example, IV can be measured in part by dissolving (optionally at about 100°C for at least 2, 4, or 8 hours) the dextran polymer in DMSO having about 0.9 to 2.5 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 1-2 wt%) of LiCl. IV as used herein can optionally be used as a relative measure of molecular weight.

[0066] As used herein, the terms “sequence identity,” “identity,” etc., relating to polypeptide amino acid sequences (e.g., polypeptide amino acid sequences of glucosyltransferases) are as defined and determined in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0002336 (which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0067] The compositions described herein (which are “dry” or “dried”) typically contain less than 6 wt%, 5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, or 0.1 wt% water.

[0068] The terms “percent by volume”, “volume percent”, “vol%”, and “v / v%” are used interchangeably in this document. The volume percentage of solute in a solution can be determined using the following formula: [(solute volume) / (solution volume)] x 100%.

[0069] The terms “percent by weight”, “weight percentage (wt%)”, and “weight-weight percentage (% w / w)” are used interchangeably herein. Weight percentage refers to the percentage of a material as a mass when it is contained in a composition, mixture, or solution.

[0070] The terms “weight / volume percentage”, “w / v%”, etc., are used interchangeably herein. Weight / volume percentage can be calculated as: ((mass of material [g]) / (total volume of material plus the liquid in which the material is placed [mL])) x 100%. The material may be insoluble in the liquid (i.e., a solid phase in the liquid phase, as in the case of a dispersion) or soluble in the liquid (i.e., a solute dissolved in the liquid).

[0071] The term "isolated" means a substance (or process) that exists in a form not found in nature or in an environment not found in nature. Non-limiting examples of isolated substances include any polysaccharide derivatives disclosed herein. The embodiments disclosed herein are believed to be synthetic / artificial (impossible to manufacture or practice without human intervention / participation) and / or have properties that do not exist naturally.

[0072] As used herein, the term "increased" can mean an increase in quantity or activity by at least about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 50%, 100%, or 200% compared to the increased quantity or activity. The terms "increased," "enhanced," "strengthened," "greater than," "improved," etc., are used interchangeably herein.

[0073] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition (product) comprising an acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide). Typically, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives of this disclosure are produced by contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and / or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group) under suitable conditions (typically including aqueous conditions) for reacting the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the polysaccharide / derivative and derivatizing the polysaccharide / derivative, wherein the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (i.e., a group derived from at least one acrylic acid-derived group and / or itaconic acid-derived group). Therefore, a composition (product) is disclosed comprising an acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a DoS of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one acrylic acid-derived group and / or itaconic acid-derived group. The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives disclosed in this invention have several advantageous features, such as the ability to prevent / reduce the formation of hard water cations (e.g., Ca2+) in various aqueous applications. 2+ Mg 2+ The interaction between ions and anionic compounds (e.g., carbonates, stearates) leads to the formation of unwanted deposits.

[0074] In some respects, acrylic acid can derivatize the polysaccharide described herein by etherifying it to form an etherified acrylate group or a polyacrylate group (the polyacrylate group being an example of an acrylate group in this document). The etherified acrylate group can be attached to the polysaccharide ether, for example, via its central CH carbon or its terminal CH2 carbon.

[0075] In some respects, acrylic acid can derivatize the polysaccharides described herein through the carboxyl group of acrylic acid. Such derivatization typically involves the carboxyl group of acrylic acid forming an ester bond with the polysaccharide.

[0076] In some respects, one or more acrylic monomers (acrylate monomers) can be iteratively linked (i.e., growth initiated by the group) to an acrylic-derived group already attached (e.g., ether-linked) to a polysaccharide to form polyacrylic acid (polyacrylate), which typically contains -CH(COOH)-CH2- and / or -CH(COO)-. -The polyacrylic acid / polyacrylate group may have two or more repeating units (the latter repeating unit optionally associated with a salt cation such as sodium). The polyacrylic acid / polyacrylate group in this document may have, for example, about, at least about, or up to about 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 10-200, 20-200, 10-250, or 20-250 residues of component acrylic acid and / or acrylate monomers. In some aspects, the total molecular weight of all polyacrylic acid / polyacrylate groups of the polysaccharide derivative may be about or up to about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, or 15-25 kDa. Acrylic polysaccharide derivatives having at least one polyacrylate (polyacrylic acid) group in this document may optionally be characterized as polysaccharide polyacrylic acid (polyacrylate) copolymers or polysaccharide polyacrylic acid (polyacrylate) graft copolymers (and similar terms). In some aspects, the acrylate polysaccharide derivatives or polyacrylate polysaccharide derivatives described herein may comprise a salt cation, such as sodium, wherein the cation is ionicly bonded to one or more acrylate / polyacrylate carboxylate anionic groups; this may also optionally refer to a salt of polyacrylic acid (e.g., sodium polyacrylate). The synthesis of the polyacrylic acid chain or polyacrylate chain described herein may optionally be characterized as by condensation. The weight percentage of polyacrylic acid content and / or polyacrylate content of the acrylate polysaccharide derivative (polymer) described herein may be, for example, about, at least about, or up to about 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0077] The foregoing text regarding how acrylic acid can derivatize polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives provides examples characterizing "groups formed of acrylic acid" or "acrylic acid-derived groups" (and similar language) as used to describe acrylic polysaccharide derivatives herein. Unless otherwise disclosed herein, the use of the terms acrylic polysaccharide derivatives or polyacrylic acid polysaccharide derivatives (etc.) herein may optionally be used interchangeably with the terms acrylate polysaccharide derivatives or polyacrylate polysaccharide derivatives (etc.).

[0078] In some respects, itaconic acid can derivatize the polysaccharide described herein by etherifying itaconic acid to form an etherified itaconic acid group or a polyitaconic acid group (the polyitaconic acid group being an example of an itaconic acid group in this document). The etherified itaconic acid group can be attached to the polysaccharide ether, for example, via its vinyl CH2 carbon.

[0079] In some respects, itaconic acid can derivatize the polysaccharides described herein through one of its carboxyl groups. Such derivatization typically involves the carboxyl group of itaconic acid forming an ester bond with the polysaccharide.

[0080] In some aspects, one or more itaconic acid monomers (itaconate monomers) can be iteratively linked (i.e., growth initiated by the group) from itaconic acid-derived groups already linked (e.g., ether-linked) to the polysaccharide to form polyaconic acid (polyitaconate). The polyitaconic acid / polyitaconate groups described herein may have, for example, about, at least about, or up to about 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 10-200, 20-200, 10-250, or 20-250 residues of the component itaconic acid and / or itaconicate monomers. In some aspects, the total molecular weight of all polyitaconic acid / polyitacrate groups in the polysaccharide derivative may be about or up to about 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 2-30, 2-25, 2-20, 5-30, 5-25, or 5-20 kDa. Itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives having at least one polyitacrate (polyitaconic acid) group may optionally be characterized as polysaccharide polyitaconic acid (polyitacrate) copolymers or polysaccharide polyitaconic acid (polyitacrate) graft copolymers (and similar terms). In some aspects, itacrate polysaccharide derivatives or polyitacrate polysaccharide derivatives in this document may comprise a salt cation, such as sodium, wherein the cation is ionicly bonded to one or more itaconic acid / polyitacrate carboxylate anionic groups; this may also optionally refer to a salt of polyitaconic acid (e.g., sodium polyitacrate). The synthesis of polyitanconic acid chains or polyitancrate chains described herein may optionally be characterized as being achieved by condensation. The weight percentage of polyitanconic acid content and / or polyitancrate content in the itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives (polymers) described herein may be, for example, about, at least about, or up to about 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0081] The foregoing text regarding how itaconic acid can derivatize polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives provides examples characterizing "a group formed of itaconic acid" or "a group derived from itaconic acid" (and similar language) as used to describe itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein. Unless otherwise disclosed herein, the use of the terms itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative or polyitaconic acid polysaccharide derivative (etc.) herein may optionally be used interchangeably with the terms itaconic acid salt polysaccharide derivative or polyitaconic acid salt polysaccharide derivative (etc.).

[0082] In some aspects, polymer groups comprising both acrylate and itaconic acid residues (e.g., both polyacrylate and polyitaconic acid) can be substituent groups of the polysaccharide derivatives described herein. Such copolymers can be, for example, block copolymers of polyacrylate and polyitaconic acid, and / or graft copolymers comprising both polymers. Such acrylate-itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can be produced, for example, by including both acrylic acid and itaconic acid in the derivatization reaction disclosed herein. Any of the above molecular weights and / or monomer unit numbers of the acrylate or itaconic acid groups can similarly characterize the acrylate-itaconic acid copolymer groups described herein. Where appropriate, any other characteristics used herein to characterize the acrylic acid and itaconic acid groups can similarly characterize the acrylate-itaconic acid copolymer groups described herein.

[0083] In some aspects, the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative used to produce the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be dextran, fructan, galactan, mannan, arabinogalactan, xylan, alginate, or soybean polysaccharide (or derivatives of any of these). The dextran described herein can be, for example, α-glucan or β-glucan. The glycosidic bonds of α-glucan or its acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatives are typically about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% α-glycosidic bonds. Examples of suitable α-glucans include α-1,3-glucan, α-1,6-glucan, and α-1,4-glucan.

[0084] α-1,3-glucan can be used herein to provide, for example, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid α-1,3-glucan derivatives). In some aspects, such α-1,3-glucan may contain about or at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% α-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Thus, in some aspects, α-1,3-glucan has about, or less than about 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% of non-α-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Typically, the non-α-1,3 glycosidic bonds are predominantly or entirely α-1,6. It should be understood that the higher the percentage of α-1,3 bonds present in α-1,3-glucan, the greater the likelihood that the glucan is linear, because some bonds are less likely to be part of branch points. In some respects, as a percentage of glycosidic bonds in α-1,3-glucan, α-1,3-glucan either has no branch points or has less than about 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% of branch points.

[0085] In some aspects, the DPw, DPn, or DP of the α-1,3-glucan moiety of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid α-1,3-glucan derivatives can be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values. By way of example only, the DPw, DPn, or DP of α-1,3-glucan can be approximately 50-1600, 100-1600, 200-1600, 300-1600, 400-1600, 500-1600, 600-1600, 700-1600, 50-1250, 100-1250, 200-1250, 300-1250, 400-1250, 500-1250, 600-1250. 0, 700-1250, 50-1000, 100-1000, 200-1000, 300-1000, 400-1000, 500-1000, 600-1000, 700-1000, 50-900, 100-900, 200-900, 300-900, 400-900, 500-900, 600-900, 700-900, 600-800, or 600-750. Any of these DPw, DPn, or DP values ​​can also be used with reference to the polysaccharide derivatives in this article, where such references are used in the polysaccharide section regarding the derivatives. In some respects, the α-1,3-glucan moiety of the α-1,3-glucan derivative may have a high molecular weight as reflected by high intrinsic viscosity (IV); for example, IV may be about or at least about 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 6-8, 6-7, 6-22, 6-20, 6-17, 6-15, 6-12, 10-22, 10-20, 10-17, 10-15, 10-12, 12-22, 12-20, 12-17, or 12-15 dL / g. For comparative purposes, it is noted that the IV of α-glucan having at least 90% (e.g., about 99% or 100%) α-1,3 bonds and about 800 DPw has an IV of about 2-2.5 dL / g. The IV in this document can be measured, for example, using α-glucan polymers dissolved in DMSO having about 0.9 to 2.5 wt% (e.g., 1, 2, 1-2 wt%) LiCl.

[0086] The α-1,3-glucan moiety of the α-1,3-glucan derivatives mentioned herein can be, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 7,000,000, 8,871,474, 10301604, or 10260053, or U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2019 / 0112456, 2019 / 0078062, 2019 / 0078063, 2018 / 0340199, 20 The molecular weight, bond characteristics, and production methods disclosed in 18 / 0021238, 2018 / 0273731, 2017 / 0002335, 2015 / 0232819, 2015 / 0064748, 2020 / 0165360, 2019 / 0276806, or 2019 / 0185893 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference) are also included.

[0087] α-1,6-glucan (dextran) may be used herein to provide, for example, polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid α-1,6-glucan derivatives, or acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid dextran derivatives). Such α-1,6-glucan may contain, for example, about 100% α-1,6-glycosidic bonds (i.e., a fully linear dextran), or about, or at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 99.5% α-1,6-glycosidic bonds. In some respects, substantially linear α-1,6-glucan may contain 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or less branches. If present, the branches from the α-1,6-glucan are typically short, consisting of one, two, or three glucose monomers (side chains). In some respects, α-1,6-glucan may contain about, at least about, or less than 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% of α-1,4, α-1,3, and / or α-1,2 glycosidic bonds. Typically, such bonds exist entirely or almost entirely as branch points from α-1,6-glucan.

[0088] For example, the α-1,6-glucan moiety of the α-1,6-glucan derivatives described herein may have α-1,2, α-1,3, and / or α-1,4 branches. In some aspects, the percentages of all glycosidic bonds in the branched α-1,6-glucan are approximately, at least approximately, or less than approximately 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 2%-25%, 2%-20%, 2%-15%, 2%-10%, 3%-25%, 3%-20%, 3%-15%, 3%-10%, 5%-30%, 5%-25%, 5%-20%, 5%-15%, 5%-10%, 7%-13%. 8%-12%, 9%-11%, 10%-30%, 10%-25%, 10%-22%, 10%-20%, 10%-15%, 12%-20%, 12%-18%, 14%-20%, 14%-18%, 15%-30%, 15%-25%, 15%-20%, 15%-18%, 15%-17%, 20%-45%, 20%-40%, 20%-35%, 20%-30%, 20%-25%, 30%-45%, or 30%-40% are α-1,2, α-1,3, and / or α-1,4 glycosidic branched bonds (in some respects, α-1,2-branching or α-1,3-branching is the only type of branching present). The length of such branches is typically mostly (>90% or >95%) or entirely (100%) a single glucose monomer. In some respects, α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan can be produced enzymatically according to U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2017 / 0218093 or 2018 / 0282385 (both incorporated herein by reference), wherein, for example, an α-1,2-branched enzyme, such as GTFJ18T1 or GTF9905, can be added during or after the production of dextran. In some respects, any other enzyme known to produce α-1,2-branching can be used. α-1,3-branched α-1,6-glucan can be produced, for example, as in Vuillemin et al. (2016, J. Biol Chem. [Journal of Biochemistry] Preparations disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 291:7687-7702 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0267745 (which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0089] The α-1,6-glucan moiety of the α-1,6-glucan derivatives in this article may have, for example, about, at least about, or less than about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 8-20, 8-30, 8-100, 8-500, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 4-5, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 5-6, 5-7, 5-8, 6-7, 6-8, 7-8, 90-120, 95-120, 100-120, 105-120, 110-120, 115-120, 90-115, 95-115, 100-115, 105-1 15, 110-115, 90-110, 95-110, 100-110, 105-110, 90-105, 95-105, 100-105, 90-100, 95-100, 90-95, 85-95, 85-90, 5-100, 5-250, 5-500, 5-1000, 5-150 0, 5-2000, 5-2500, 5-3000, 5-4000, 5-5000, 5-6000, 10-100, 10-250, 10-500, 10-1000, 10-1500, 10-2000, 10-2500, 10-3000, 10-4000, 10-5000, 10-6 000, 25-100, 25-250, 25-500, 25-1000, 25-1500, 25-2000, 25-2500, 25-3000, 25-4000, 25-5000, 25-6000, 50-100, 50-250, 50-500, 50-1000, 50-1500 50-2000, 50-2500, 50-3000, 50-4000, 50-5000, 50-6000, 100-250, 100-400, 100-500, 100-1000, 100-1500, 100-2000, 100-2500, 100-3000, 100-400 0, 100-5000, 100-6000, 200-300, 250-500, 250-1000, 250-1500, 250-2000, 250-2500, 250-3000, 250-4000, 250-5000, 250-6000, 300-2800, 300-3000350-2800, 350-3000, 500-1000, 500-1500, 500-2000, 500-2500, 500-2800, 500-3000, 500-4000, 500-5000, 500-6000, 600-1550, 600-1850, 600-2000, 600-2500, 600-3000, 750-1000, 750-1250, 750-1500, 750-2000, 75 DPw, DPn, or DP for 0-2500, 750-3000, 750-4000, 750-5000, 750-6000, 900-1250, 900-1500, 900-2000, 1000-1250, 1000-1400, 1000-1500, 1000-2000, 1000-2500, 1000-3000, 1000-4000, 1000-5000, 1000-6000, or 1100-1300. In some respects, the Mw of α-1,6-glucan can be about, at least about, or less than about 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175, 0.2, 0.24, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 0.1-0.2, 0.125-0.175, 0.13-0.17, 0.135-0.165, 0.14-0.16, 0.145-0.155, 10-80, 20-70, 30-60, 40-50, 50-200, 60-200, 70-200, 80-200, 90-200, 100-200, 110-200, 120-200, 5 0-180, 60-180, 70-180, 80-180, 90-180, 100-180, 110-180, 120-180, 50-160, 60-160, 70-160, 80-160, 90-160, 100-160, 110-160, 120-160, 50-140, 60-140, 70-140, 80-140, 90-140, 100- 140, 110-140, 120-140, 50-120, 60-120, 70-120, 80-120, 90-120, 90-110, 100-120, 110-120, 50-110, 60-110, 70-110, 80-110, 90-110, 100-110, 50-100, 60-100, 70-100, 80-100, 90-100Or 95-105 million Daltons. In some respects, the Mw of α-1,6-glucan can be, for example, about, at least about, or less than about 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 1-2000, 1-1000, 1-500, 1-400, 1-300 1-200, 1-100, 1-50, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 5-250, 5-200, 10-2000, 10-1000, 10-500, 10-400, 10-300, 10-250, 10-200, 10-100, 10-50, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 20-2000, 20-1000, 20-500, 20-400, 20-300, 20-200, 20-100, 20-50, 30-2000, 30-1000 30-500, 30-400, 30-300, 30-200, 30-100, 30-50, 40-2000, 40-1000, 40-500, 40-400, 40-300, 40-200, 40-100, 40-50, 50-2000, 50-1000, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 100-2000, 100-1000, 100-500, 100-400, 100-300, 100-200, 150-2 25, 150-200, 165-225, 165-200, 175-225, 175-200, 180-190, 200-2000, 20-1000, 200-500, 200-400, 200-300, 7.5-10, 7.5-12.5, 7.5-15, 7.5-20, 7.5-30, 10-12.5, 10-15, 10-20, 10-30, 15-25, 15-30, 40-60, 45-55, 190-210, or 290-310 kDa. If desired, the molecular weight of α-1,6-glucan can be calculated based on any of the aforementioned α-1,6-glucan DPw, DPn, or DP values. For example, any of the aforementioned DPw, DPn, DP, or Dalton values / ranges can characterize the α-1,6-glucan in this paper, which has optionally been branched (e.g., α-1,2 and / or α-1,3) before or after. In some respects, any of the aforementioned DPw, DPn, DP,The Dalton values ​​or ranges used to characterize the α-1,6-glucan derivatives described herein can be used. The molecular weight of the α-1,6-glucan derivatives described herein can be calculated, for example, based on any of the aforementioned α-1,6-glucan DPw, DPn, DP, or Dalton values, further considering the derivative's DoS and the type of one or more substituents.

[0090] The α-1,6-glucan portion of the α-1,6-glucan derivatives described herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016 / 0122445, 2017 / 0218093, 2018 / 0282385, 2020 / 0165360, or 2019 / 0185893 (e.g., molecular weight, bond / branching distribution characteristics, method of production), each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some respects, the α-1,6-glucan used for derivatization herein may be a glucan produced in a suitable reaction comprising glucosyltransferase (GTF) 0768 (SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 of US 2016 / 0122445), GTF 8117, GTF 6831, or GTF 5604 (the latter three GTF enzymes being SEQ ID NO: 30, 32, and 33 of US2018 / 0282385, respectively) or containing an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of GTF 0768, GTF 8117, GTF 6831, or GTF 5604.

[0091] α-glucan graft copolymers can be used herein to provide, for example, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives. The α-glucan graft copolymer portion of the graft copolymer derivatives herein can be as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2020 / 0165360, 2019 / 0185893, or 2020 / 0131281 (which are incorporated herein by reference) (e.g., molecular weight, bond / branching characteristics, methods of production). The graft copolymer may comprise α-1,6-glucan (as a backbone) and α-1,3-glucan (as one or more side chains), wherein the latter component has been grafted onto the former component; typically, the graft copolymer is produced by using α-1,6-glucan or α-1,2- and / or α-1,3-branched α-1,6-glucan as primers for synthesizing α-1,3-glucan via glucosyltransferases for the production of α-1,3-glucan. One or more α-1,3-glucan side chains of the α-glucan graft copolymers described herein may be α-1,3-glucan as disclosed herein. The α-1,6-glucan backbone of the α-glucan graft copolymers described herein may be α-1,6-glucan as disclosed herein or α-1,2- and / or α-1,3-branched α-1,6-glucan. In some aspects, α-glucan graft copolymers may comprise: (A) an α-1,6-glucan backbone (100% α-1,6-linked prior to α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 branching), which (i) has been branched with about 10%-22% (e.g., about 12%-20%, 12%-18%, 14%-20%, 14%-18%, 15%-18%, 15%-17%, or 16%) of α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 bonds (i.e., α-1,2,6 and / or α-1,3,6) (e.g., the backbone comprises a total of about 82%-86% or 84% of α-1,6 bonds and about 14%-18% or 16% of α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 bonds) and (ii) The graft copolymer has a Mw of about 15-25, 15-22.5, 17-25, 17-22.5, 18-22, or 20 kDa, and (B) one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, or six) α-1,3-glucan side chains extending from one or more of the α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 branches; such graft copolymers are typically water-insoluble.

[0092] α-1,4-glucan may be used herein to provide, for example, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid α-1,4-glucan derivatives). In some aspects, such α-1,4-glucan may contain about or at least about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, or 100% α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Thus, in some aspects, α-1,4-glucan has about, or less than about 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% of non-α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Examples of α-1,4-glucan in this document include amylose, amylopectin, and starch. For example, α-1,4-glucan such as starch can be derived from vegetable (e.g., potato, cassava, pea, palm) or grain (e.g., corn, wheat, rice, barley) sources.

[0093] In some respects, the DPw, DPn, or DP of the α-1,4-glucan moiety of the α-1,4-glucan derivative can be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be represented as a range between any two of these values.

[0094] In some respects, the polysaccharides used to produce the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be β-glucan derivatives. The glycosidic bonds of the β-glucan derivatives described herein are typically about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% β-glycosidic bonds. Examples of suitable β-glucans include β-1,3-glucan (e.g., kelp polysaccharide, Euglena starch, gel polysaccharide) and β-1,4-glucan (cellulose).

[0095] β-1,4-glucan may be used herein to provide, for example, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid β-1,4-glucan derivatives). Such β-1,4-glucan typically comprises about 100% β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. In some aspects, the DPw, DPn, or DP of the β-1,4-glucan moiety of the β-1,4-glucan derivative may be about, or at least about, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, or 4000. DPw, DPn, or DP can optionally be represented as a range between any two of these values ​​(e.g., 1000-2000, 1300-1700, 1400-1600).

[0096] In some aspects, the polysaccharide used to produce the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein may be soybean polysaccharide or alginate. In some aspects, the soybean polysaccharide portion of the soybean polysaccharide derivative may be as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0079832 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2016 / 133734 (which are incorporated herein by reference). In some aspects, the alginate portion of the alginate derivative may be as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014 / 0193712 or 2009 / 0010983 (which are incorporated herein by reference).

[0097] In some aspects, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may have a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 (e.g., 0.001 to 3.0) contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (i.e., a group derived from at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid), as disclosed in this invention. DoS can be, for example, about, at least about, or up to about 0.001, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0 (DoS can optionally be expressed as a range between any two of these values).Some examples of DoS ranges in this article include 0.005-2.0, 0.005-1.6, 0.005-1.5, 0.005-1.25, 0.005-1.0, 0.005-0.9, 0.005-0.8, 0.005-0.7, 0.005-0.6, 0.005-0.5, 0.005-0.25, 0.005-0.1, 0.04-0.1, 0.05-2.0, 0.05-1.6, 0.05-1.5, 0.05-1.25, 0. 0.5-1.0, 0.05-0.9, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.7, 0.05-0.6, 0.05-0.5, 0.1-2.0, 0.1-1.6, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1.25, 0.1-1.0, 0.1-0.9, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.7, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.5, 0.15-2.0, 0.15-1.6, 0.15-1.5, 0.15-1.25, 0.15-1.0, 0.15-0. 9, 0.15-0.8, 0.15-0.7, 0.15-0.6, 0.15-0.5, 0.2-2.0, 0.2-1.6, 0.2-1.5, 0.2-1.25, 0.2-1.0, 0.2-0.9, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.7, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.5, 0.25-2.0, 0.25-1.6, 0.25-1.5, 0.25-1.25, 0.25-1.0, 0.25-0.9, 0.25-0.8, 0.2 5-0.7, 0.25-0.6, 0.25-0.5, 0.3-2.0, 0.3-1.6, 0.3-1.5, 0.3-1.25, 0.3-1.0, 0.3-0.9, 0.3-0.8, 0.3-0.7, 0.3-0.6, 0.3-0.5, 0.4-2.0, 0.4-1.6, 0.4-1.5, 0.4-1.25, 0.4-1.0, 0.4-0.9, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.7, 0.4-0.6, and 0.4-0.5. In some respects, mixed polysaccharide derivatives, such as those having one or more acrylic acid-derived and / or itaconic acid-derived groups together with one or more other different organic groups (e.g., ether-, ester-, carbamate / carbamoyl-, sulfonyl-, or carbonate-linked groups) and / or other substituent groups (e.g., sulfonate or carboxylate groups), can be characterized as having any of the foregoing DoS values / ranges (wherein the DoS value / range refers to the total DoS of all substituents in aggregate, or the DoS of any particular substituent [i.e., on a separate basis]).

[0098] Regarding the polysaccharide derivatives described herein as dextran derivatives, for example, since the glucose monomer unit of dextran contains at most three hydroxyl groups, the total DoS of the dextran derivative may not exceed 3.0. It should be understood that, since the dextran derivatives disclosed herein have a DoS contributed by at least one group derived from acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid and optionally by at least another organic group (e.g., between about 0.001 and about 3.0), all substituents of the dextran derivative cannot be solely hydroxyl groups.

[0099] In some respects, the polysaccharide derivative (used as a substrate for derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid, and / or where it may be present after derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid) may be substituted with at least one organic group. Optionally, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative may be: (i) Produced by contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with another organic group (under suitable conditions for reacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the organically derivatized polysaccharide and derivatizing the organically derivatized polysaccharide), or (ii) Produced by further derivatizing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives with other organic groups (under suitable conditions for reacting the organic groups with the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives and derivatizing the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives).

[0100] In some respects, organic groups can be linked to polysaccharide derivatives via ether bonds, ester bonds, carbamate / carbamoyl bonds, carbonate bonds, or sulfonyl bonds.

[0101] In some respects, the polysaccharide derivatives described herein may include one or more ether groups. The organic group bonded to the polysaccharide derivative via an ether bond may be, for example, an alkyl group. In some respects, the alkyl group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic (“cycloalkyl” or “alicyclic”). In some respects, the alkyl group is C1 to C2. 18 Alkyl groups, such as C4 to C5 18 Alkyl, or C1 to C 10 Alkyl (in "C") #In this context, # indicates the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Alkyl groups can be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecanyl, or octadecyl; such alkyl groups are typically straight-chain. In some aspects, one or more carbons of the alkyl group can be substituted by another alkyl group, resulting in branching of the alkyl group. Suitable examples of branched isomers of straight-chain alkyl groups include isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, isohexyl, neohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylheptenyl, and isooctyl. In some aspects, the alkyl group is a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, or cyclodecyl.

[0102] In some respects, the organic group ether-bonded to the polysaccharide derivatives herein may be a substituted alkyl group having a substitution on one or more carbons of the alkyl group. This substitution may be one or more hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, and / or carboxyl groups. For example, the substituted alkyl group may be hydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, or carboxylalkyl. Suitable examples of hydroxyalkyl groups are hydroxymethyl (-CH2OH), hydroxyethyl (e.g., -CH2CH2OH, -CH(OH)CH3), hydroxypropyl (e.g., -CH2CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH(OH)CH3, -CH(OH)CH2CH3), hydroxybutyl, and hydroxypentyl. Other examples include dihydroxyalkyl (diols), such as dihydroxymethyl, dihydroxyethyl (e.g., -CH(OH)CH2OH), dihydroxypropyl (e.g., -CH2CH(OH)CH2OH, -CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3), dihydroxybutyl, and dihydroxypentyl. Suitable examples of carboxyl groups are carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH), carboxyethyl (e.g., -CH2CH2COOH, -CH(COOH)CH3), carboxypropyl (e.g., -CH2CH2CH2COOH, -CH2CH(COOH)CH3, -CH(COOH)CH2CH3), carboxybutyl and carboxypentyl.

[0103] In some respects, one or more carbons of the alkyl group ether-linked to the polysaccharide derivative herein may have one or more substitutions by another alkyl group. Examples of such substituent alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, and propyl. For example, the organic group may be, for instance, -CH(CH3)CH2CH3 or -CH2CH(CH3)CH3, both of which are propyl groups with methyl substitution.

[0104] As should be clear from the above examples of various substituted alkyl groups, in some respects, the substitution on the alkyl group (e.g., a hydroxyl or carboxyl group) can be at the terminal carbon atom of the alkyl group, wherein the terminal carbon group is opposite to the alkyl side of the monomeric unit ether bonded to the polysaccharide ether in the compound. An example of such terminal substitution is hydroxypropyl-CH2CH2CH2OH. Alternatively, the substitution can be at the internal carbon atom of the alkyl group. An example of internal substitution is hydroxypropyl-CH2CH(OH)CH3. The alkyl group can have one or more substitutions, which can be the same (e.g., two hydroxyl groups [dihydroxyl]) or different (e.g., one hydroxyl group and one carboxyl group).

[0105] Optionally, the etherified alkyl group described herein may contain one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur, and / or nitrogen, within the hydrocarbon chain. Examples include alkyl groups containing an alkylglycerol alkoxylate moiety (-alkylene-OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH), a ring-opening moiety derived from 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, and a tetrahydropyranyl group (e.g., as derived from dihydropyran). Further examples include alkyl groups substituted at their terminals with a cyano group (-C≡N); such substituted alkyl groups may optionally be referred to as cyanoalkyl or cyanoalkyl. Examples of cyanoalkyl groups described herein include cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl, cyanopropyl, and cyanobutyl.

[0106] In some respects, the etherified organic groups are C2 to C3. 18 (For example, C4 to C) 18 The alkenyl group is a hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and the alkenyl group can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. As used herein, the term "alkenyl" refers to a hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexyl, and allyl. In some aspects, one or more carbons of the alkenyl group may have one or more substitutions with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or dihydroxyalkyl groups, as disclosed herein. Examples of such substituent alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, and propyl. Optionally, the alkenyl group herein may contain one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur, and / or nitrogen, within the hydrocarbon chain; for example, the alkenyl group may contain a ring-opening moiety derived from allyl glycidyl ether.

[0107] In some respects, the etherified organic groups are C2 to C3. 18 Alkynyl. As used herein, the term "alkynyl" refers to a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The alkynyl group in this document may be, for example, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, or hexynyl. The alkynyl group may optionally be substituted with alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and / or dihydroxyalkyl groups. Optionally, the alkynyl group may contain one or more heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur, and / or nitrogen, within the hydrocarbon chain.

[0108] In some aspects, the etherified organic group is a polyether comprising repeating units of (-CH2CH2O-), (-CH2CH(CH3)O-), or mixtures thereof, wherein the total number of repeating units is in the range of 2 to 100. In some aspects, the organic group comprises (-CH2CH2O-). 3-100 Or (-CH2CH2O-) 4-100 The polyether group. In some respects, the organic group contains (-CH2CH(CH3)O-). 3-100 Or (-CH2CH(CH3)O-) 4-100 The polyether group. As used herein for polyether groups, the subscripts specifying value ranges indicate the potential number of repeating units; for example, (CH2CH2O). 2-100 This refers to a polyether group containing 2 to 100 repeating units. In some respects, the polyether group in this document may be end-capped with, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy.

[0109] In some respects, the etherified organic group comprises an aryl group. As used herein, the term "aryl" means an aromatic / carbocyclic group having a monocyclic (e.g., phenyl), polycyclic (e.g., biphenyl), or multiple fused rings, at least one of which is aromatic (e.g., 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, naphthyl, anthraceneyl, or phenanthrene) and optionally monosubstituted, disubstituted, or trisubstituted by an alkyl group (such as methyl, ethyl, or propyl). In some respects, the aryl group is C6 to C6. 20 Aryl. In some aspects, the aryl group is a methyl-substituted aryl group such as tolyl (-C6H4CH3) or xylyl [-C6H3(CH3)2] group. The tolyl group can be, for example, p-tolyl. In some aspects, the aryl group is benzyl (-CH2-phenyl). The benzyl group in this document may optionally be substituted (typically on its benzene ring) with one or more of a halogen, cyano, ester, amide, ether, alkyl (e.g., C1 to C6), aryl (e.g., phenyl), alkenyl (e.g., C2 to C6), or alkynyl (e.g., C2 to C6) group.

[0110] In some respects, polysaccharide derivatives having an ether group may contain one type of etherified organic group. Examples of such compounds contain a carboxyl group (e.g., carboxymethyl) as the sole etherified organic group. Other examples include polysaccharide ethers containing an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl) as the sole etherified organic group. Further examples include polysaccharide ethers containing a dihydroxyalkyl group (e.g., dihydroxypropyl) as the sole etherified organic group.

[0111] In some respects, polysaccharide derivatives having ether groups may contain two or more different types of etherified organic groups (i.e., mixed ethers of polysaccharides). Examples of such polysaccharide ethers contain (i) two different alkyl groups as etherified organic groups, (ii) alkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups as etherified organic groups (alkylhydroxyalkyl polysaccharides), (iii) alkyl and carboxylalkyl groups as etherified organic groups (alkylcarboxylalkyl polysaccharides), (iv) hydroxyalkyl and carboxylalkyl groups as etherified organic groups (hydroxyalkylcarboxylalkyl polysaccharides), (v) two different hydroxyalkyl groups as etherified organic groups, (vi) two different carboxylalkyl groups as etherified organic groups, or (vii) carboxylalkyl (e.g., carboxymethyl) and aryl (e.g., benzyl). Non-limiting examples of some of these types of mixed ethers include ethylhydroxyethyl polysaccharides, hydroxyalkylmethyl (e.g., hydroxypropylmethyl) polysaccharides, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl polysaccharides, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl polysaccharides, and carboxymethyl benzyl polysaccharides. In some cases, the ether groups of mixed polysaccharide ethers may be as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 0002646 (which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0112] In some respects, the polysaccharide derivatives described herein may include one or more ester groups. The ester group of the polysaccharide derivative may, for example, contain at least one acyl group -CO-R', wherein R' comprises a chain of 1 to 26 carbon atoms. R' may be, for example, straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. Examples of straight-chain acyl groups described herein include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valerate, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, heptadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, nonadecanoyl, eicosanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, and hexadecanoyl. Some of the acyl groups listed above are commonly known as acetyl (or ethanoyl group), propionyl (or propanoyl group), butyryl (or butanoyl group), valeryl (or pentanoyl group), caproyl (or hexanoyl group); enanthyl (or heptanoyl group), caprylyl (or octanoyl group), pelargonyl (or nonanoyl group), capryl (or decanoyl group), lauroyl (dodecanoyl), myristyl (tetradecanoyl), palmityl (hexadecanoyl), stearyl (octadecanoyl), arachidyl (eicosyl), behenyl (dodecanoyl), creosyl (tetracosyl), and waxyl (hexacosyl).

[0113] In some aspects, the acyl group of the polysaccharide derivative comprises an aryl group. For example, the aryl acyl group may include a benzoyl group (-CO-C6H5), which may also be referred to as a benzoate ester group. In some aspects, the aryl acyl group may comprise a benzoyl group substituted with at least one halogen (“X”; e.g., Cl, F), alkyl, haloalkyl, ether, cyano, or aldehyde group, or combinations thereof, such as those represented by the following structures III(a) to III(r):

[0114] Structure III(a) - III(r)

[0115] In some respects, the acyl group of the polysaccharide derivative can be -CO-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH 2-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH= CH-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-COOH, -CO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-COOH, , Alternatively, cyclic organic acid anhydrides, for example, can be used as any other acyl group as an esterifying agent.

[0116] In some respects, polysaccharide derivatives having ester groups may contain one type of esterified acyl group. Examples of such derivatives contain an acetyl group as the sole esterified acyl group. However, in some respects, polysaccharide derivatives may contain two or more different types of esterified acyl groups (i.e., mixed esters of polysaccharides). Examples of such mixed esters include those having at least (i) an acetyl and a propionyl group, (ii) an acetyl and a butyryl group, and (iii) a propionyl and a butyryl group.

[0117] The acyl groups of the polysaccharide ester derivatives described herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014 / 0187767, 2018 / 0155455, 2020 / 0308371, or 2023 / 0287148 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2021 / 252575 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0118] In some aspects, the polysaccharide derivatives described herein may include one or more urethane / carbamoyl groups. The urethane group of the polysaccharide derivative may be derived from aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic monoisocyanates. In some aspects, the substituents of the polysaccharide derivative may be urethane-linked phenyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, or diphenylethyl; these groups may optionally be derived from aromatic monoisocyanates such as phenyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, or diphenylethyl isocyanates. In some aspects, the substituents of the polysaccharide derivative may be urethane-linked ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, or octadecyl isocyanates; these groups may optionally be derived from aliphatic monoisocyanates such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, or octadecyl isocyanates. In some respects, the substituents of the polysaccharide derivative can be urethane-linked cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclododecyl groups; these groups can optionally be derived from alicyclic monoisocyanates such as cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclododecyl isocyanates.

[0119] The urethane groups of the polysaccharide derivatives described herein may be disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2022 / 0033531 or 2023 / 0212325 or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2021 / 252569 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0120] In some respects, the polysaccharide derivatives herein may include one or more sulfonyl groups. The sulfonyl groups of the polysaccharide derivatives herein may be disclosed, for example, in International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2021 / 252569 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2023 / 0212325 (which are incorporated herein by reference).

[0121] This disclosure also relates to a method for producing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharides). The method typically includes: (a) Contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and / or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide already derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions (typically including aqueous conditions) for reacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the polysaccharide / derivative and derivatizing the polysaccharide / derivative), thereby producing an acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from acrylic acid (e.g., polyacrylate group) and / or itaconic acid (e.g., polyitaconate group) (e.g., a group containing acrylate and itaconic acid monomers), and (b) Optionally, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may be isolated.

[0122] Any characteristics of the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can characterize the derivatization method. Method parameters used to derivatize the polysaccharide / derivative with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (e.g., incubation time, temperature, reagents [e.g., acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid, solvent, pH adjuster / buffer], reagent concentration, polysaccharide / derivative type, polysaccharide / derivative substrate concentration, and / or sequence of steps) can be any of those disclosed in the examples below, or within 5%-10% of any of those parameters, as applicable.

[0123] The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid-derived polysaccharides produced in the derivatization reactions described herein can be optionally separated. In some aspects, such products can be precipitated first from the aqueous conditions of the reaction. Precipitation and / or washing of the solid product (whether or not it was initially precipitated) can be carried out by adding an excess (e.g., at least 2-3 times the volume of the reaction) of an alcohol (e.g., 100% or 95% concentration) such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol to the reaction. The products can then be separated using a filter funnel, centrifuge, filter press, or any other method or apparatus that allows the removal of liquid from the solid. The separated products can be dried, such as by vacuum drying, air drying, or freeze drying.

[0124] In some respects, polysaccharide derivative products can be separated by steps including filtering the completed reaction or its diluted form via ultrafiltration (e.g., using a 5 or 10 molecular weight cutoff filter). Alternatively, the completed reaction or its diluted form can be filtered periodically (i.e., without ultrafiltration) first, and then the filtrate can be subjected to ultrafiltration. The concentrated liquid obtained by ultrafiltration can then be dried to its component solids, such as by freeze-drying, or the solids can be precipitated from the liquid and then dried (e.g., freeze-drying).

[0125] The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be used as starting materials for further modification to repeat the polysaccharide derivatization reaction. In some respects, the polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives used for derivatization with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid are water-insoluble, while in other respects they are water-soluble.

[0126] The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives disclosed herein may be present in quantities of, for example, about, at least about, or less than about 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.25, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.75, 1.8, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5. 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 0.01-0.1, 0.01-0.08, 0.01-0.06, 0.01-0.05, 0.03-0.1, 0.03-0.08, 0.03-0.06, 0.03-0.05, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 wt% or w / v%, or a range between any two of these values, exist in the composition / system, such as an aqueous composition / system or a dry composition / system. The liquid component of the aqueous composition herein may be, for example, an aqueous fluid, such as water or an aqueous solution. The solvent of aqueous solutions is typically water, or may contain, for example, about or at least about 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, 98 wt%, or 99 wt% water. The aqueous or dry compositions mentioned herein may also relate to aqueous or dry systems, respectively. In some aspects, the compositions herein may comprise or be in the form of solutions, dispersions (e.g., emulsions), mixtures, wet cakes or wet powders, or dry powders.

[0127] In some aspects, the solvent of the compositions herein comprises water and, for example, at least about 40% (v / v or w / w) of one or more polar organic solvents. In some aspects, the solvent comprises about, or at least about 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 One or more polar organic solvents of the following amounts: 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 40-90, 40-80, 40-70, 40-60, 50-90, 50-80, 50-70, 50-60, 60-90, 60-80, 60-70, 70-90, 70-80, 40-70, 40-60, 75-85, or 85-95 v / v% or w / w%. The balance of the solvent is typically only water (e.g., a solvent having about 75 v / v% polar organic solvent has about 25 v / v% water), but may optionally contain (e.g., less than 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.25 v / v%) one or more other liquids besides the polar organic solvent. Given its presence of water, the solvents described herein may optionally be characterized as aqueous solvents. While the solvents described herein typically comprise one type of polar organic solvent, they may optionally comprise two, three, or more polar organic solvents; in such respects, the concentration of polar organic solvents is typically the concentration of a combination of polar organic solvents.

[0128] In some respects, polar organic solvents can be protons. Examples of proton-polar organic solvents in this document include alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1-propanol, tert-butanol, n-butanol, isobutanol), methylformamide, and formamide. Other examples of proton-polar organic solvents in this document include n-butanol, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanetriol.

[0129] In some respects, polar organic solvents can be aprotic. Examples of aprotic polar organic solvents in this paper include acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, and sulfolane. Further examples of aprotic polar organic solvents in this paper include hexamethylphosphoramide, dimethylimidazolium ketone (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolium ketone), dioxane, nitromethane, and butanone. Generally, esters, ketones, and aldehydes that do not have acidic hydrogen atoms are other examples of aprotic polar organic solvents in this paper.

[0130] The aqueous compositions described herein may have, for example, about, at least about, or less than about 1, 5, 10, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10000, 15000, 1-300, 10-300, 2 Viscosities of 5-300, 50-300, 1-250, 10-250, 25-250, 50-250, 1-200, 10-200, 25-200, 50-200, 1-150, 10-150, 25-150, 50-150, 1-100, 10-100, 25-100, or 50-100 centipoise (cps). For example, viscosity can be measured with the aqueous compositions described herein at any temperature between about 3°C ​​and about 80°C (e.g., 4°C-30°C, 15°C-30°C, 15°C-25°C). Viscosities are typically measured at atmospheric pressure (about 760 Torr) or at ±10% of that pressure. Viscosity can be measured using, for example, a viscometer or rheometer, and can optionally be measured in, for example, at approximately 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 0.1-500, 0.1-100, 1.0-500, 1.0-1000, or 1.0-100 s. -1 Measured at a shear rate (rotational shear rate) of (1 / s) or at approximately 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 250 rpm (revolutions per minute).

[0131] For example, the compositions disclosed in this invention may have a concentration of about, or less than, about 1500, 1400, 1300, 1200, 1100, 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 280, 260, 240, 220, 200, 190, 180, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 18, 16 The turbidity values ​​are 14, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1-250, 1-200, 1-150, 1-100, 1-50, 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1-5, 2-250, 2-200, 2-150, 2-100, 2-50, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-5, 10-250, 10-200, 10-150, 10-100, 10-50, or 10-20 NTUs (turbidimetric turbidity units). Any of these NTU values ​​may optionally be relative to the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives and solvent components of the compositions herein. In some respects, it is envisioned that any of these NTU levels will persist for approximately, at least approximately, or up to approximately 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, or 360 days, or for 1, 2, or 3 years (typically from the initial preparation). Turbidity can be measured using any suitable method, such as... Progress in Filtration and Separation The methods disclosed in (Version: 1, Chapter 16. Turbidity: Measurement of Filtrate and Supernatant Quality?, Publisher: Academic Press, Editor: ES Tarleton, July 2015) are incorporated herein by reference or as described in the following examples.

[0132] In some respects, for example, aqueous compositions containing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may have one or more salt / buffer solutions (e.g., Na+). + Cl -NaCl, phosphates, tris, citrates (e.g., ≤ 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, or 3.0 wt%) and / or about 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0, 10.5, 11.0, 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0, 13.5, 4.0-10.0, 4.0-9.0, 4.0-8.0, 5.0-1 pH values ​​of 0.0, 5.0-9.0, 5.0-8.0, 6.0-10.0, 6.0-9.0, 6.0-8.0, 9.0-13.5, 10.0-13.5, 10.5-13.5, 11.0-13.5, 9.0-13.0, 10.0-13.0, 10.5-13.0, or 11.0-13.0. The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein are typically anionic, especially if the polysaccharide is derivatized solely with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (without any other organic groups derivatizing the polysaccharide). For example, the charge of the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be the charge present when the polysaccharide derivative is in the aqueous composition described herein, further taking into account the pH of the aqueous composition (in some respects, the pH can be 4-10 or 5-9, or any pH as disclosed above).

[0133] In some aspects, for aqueous compositions comprising aqueous dispersions (e.g., emulsions) of particles of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives of this disclosure, these particles are dispersed in about or at least about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the dispersion volume. In some aspects, this level of dispersion (e.g., emulsion) is expected to persist for about, at least about, or up to about 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, or 360 days, or for 1, 2, or 3 years (typically from the initial preparation of the dispersion).

[0134] For example, the temperature of compositions containing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives (e.g., aqueous compositions) may be about, or up to about, or less than about 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C. °C, 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C, 145°C, 150°C, 155°C, 160°C, 0°C -160°C, 0°C-150°C, 0°C-140°C, 0°C-130°C, 0°C-120°C, 0°C-110°C, 0°C-100°C, 0°C-90°C, 0° C-80°C, 0°C-70°C, 0°C-60°C, 10°C-160°C, 10°C-150°C, 10°C-140°C, 10°C-130°C, 10°C-120° C, 10°C-110°C, 10°C-100°C, 10°C-90°C, 10°C-80°C, 10°C-70°C, 10°C-60°C, 50°C-80°C, 50°C -75°C, 50°C-70°C, 50°C-65°C, 55°C-80°C, 55°C-75°C, 55°C-70°C, 55°C-65°C, 60°C-80°C, 60 °C-75°C, 60°C-70°C, 60°C-65°C, 5°C-50°C, 15°C-25°C, 20°C-25°C, 20°C-30°C, or 20°C-40°C.

[0135] In some respects, compositions comprising acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein may be non-aqueous (e.g., dry compositions). Examples of such embodiments include powders, granules, microcapsules, flakes, or any other form of particulate matter. Other examples include larger compositions such as spheres, rods, cores, beads, tablets, strips, or other aggregates, or ointments or lotions (or any other form of non-aqueous or dry composition herein). Non-aqueous or dry compositions typically contain about 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.10, 0.05, or 0.01 wt% water. In some respects (e.g., for detergents used for washing clothes or dishes), the drying compositions described herein may be provided in the form of sachets, pouches, water-dispersible compositions / carriers (e.g., fibrous compositions, such as nonwoven or other fibrous structures, sponges or foams, aggregates), water-soluble compositions / carriers (e.g., sheets or films, fibrous compositions, such as nonwoven or other fibrous structures, sponges or foams, aggregates), or any other suitable unit dosage form.

[0136] In some respects, compositions comprising acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein may be detergent compositions. Examples of such compositions as detergents for dishwashing and for fabric care are disclosed herein.

[0137] In some respects, compositions comprising acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein may contain one or more salts, such as sodium salts (e.g., NaCl, Na₂SO₄). Other examples of salts include those having (i) aluminum, ammonium, barium, calcium, chromium (II or III), copper (I or II), iron (II or III), hydrogen, lead (II), lithium, magnesium, manganese (II or III), mercury (I or II), potassium, silver, sodium, strontium, tin (II or IV), or zinc cations, and (ii) Salts containing anions of acetate, borates, bromates, bromides, carbonates, chlorates, chlorides, chlorites, chromates, ammonia nitrile, cyanides, dichromates, dihydrogen phosphates, ferrocyanides, ferrocyanides, fluorides, bicarbonates, hydrogen phosphates, bisulfates, hydrogen sulfide, bisulfites, hydrides, hydroxides, hypochlorites, iodates, iodides, nitrates, nitrites, oxalates, oxides, perchlorates, permanganates, peroxides, phosphates, phosphides, phosphites, silicates, stannates, stansites, sulfates, sulfides, sulfites, tartrates, or thiocyanates. Therefore, for example, any salt having a cation from (i) above and an anion from (ii) above can be in the composition. Salts may be present in the aqueous compositions herein at, for example, about or at least about .01, .025, .05, .075, .1, .25, .5, .75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, .01-3.5, .5-3.5, .5-2.5, or .5-1.5 wt% (such wt% values ​​typically refer to the total concentration of one or more salts).

[0138] Compositions containing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may optionally contain one or more enzymes (active enzymes). Examples of suitable enzymes include proteases, cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, lipolytic enzymes (e.g., metallolipases), xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases (e.g., aryl esterases, polyesterases), peroxyhydrolases, keratins, pectins, pectinases, pectin lyases, mannanases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases (e.g., choline oxidases), phenol oxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, amylopectinases, tanninases, pentosanases, malicases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, laccases, metalloproteinases, amadoriases, glucosylamylases, arabinofuranases, inositol hexaphosphatases, isomerases, transferases, nucleases, and amylases. If one or more enzymes are included, they may be included in the compositions herein, for example, at an activity level of about 0.0001 wt% to 0.1 wt% (e.g., 0.01 wt% to 0.03 wt%) (e.g., calculated as pure enzyme protein). In fabric care or automatic dishwashing applications, the enzymes (e.g., any of the above, such as cellulase, protease, amylase, nuclease, and / or lipase) may be present, for example, at a concentration of at least about 0.01 to 0.1 ppm total enzyme protein, or about 0.1 to 10 ppb total enzyme protein (e.g., less than 1 ppm) to at most about 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 ppm total enzyme protein in the aqueous compositions (e.g., detergents, greywater) in which the fabrics or tableware are treated.

[0139] In some respects, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives and / or compositions containing such derivatives are biodegradable. After testing at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days, for example, such biodegradation rates can be determined as, for instance, by the carbon dioxide emission test method (OECD Guideline 301B, incorporated herein by reference), to be about, at least about, or at most about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 5%–60%, 5%–80%, 5%. -90%, 40%-70%, 50%-70%, 60%-70%, 40%-75%, 50%-75%, 60%-75%, 70%-75%, 40%-80%, 50%-80%, 60%-80%, 70%-80%, 40%-85%, 50%-85%, 60%-85%, 70%-85%, 40%-90%, 50%-90%, 60%-90%, or 70%-90%, or any value between 5% and 90%. This biodegradability is expected to be about, at least about, or at most about 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 500%, 750%, or 1000% higher than that of existing materials.

[0140] In some respects, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can typically be cross-linked via chemical (covalent) cross-linking. For example, cross-linking formed using the cross-linking agents described herein can occur between two or more polysaccharide derivative molecules (i.e., intermolecular cross-linking). In some respects, it is envisioned that EGDE-based cross-linking can also be intramolecular, i.e., cross-linking at different points within a single polysaccharide derivative molecule.

[0141] The cross-linked acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein may comprise homogeneous or heterogeneous polysaccharide derivative components. Cross-linked polysaccharide derivatives having homogeneous polysaccharide derivative components can be prepared using one form / type, batch, or formulation of the polysaccharide derivative (e.g., a form / type, batch, or formulation prepared using a specific enzymatic reaction and / or derivatization). Cross-linked polysaccharide derivatives having heterogeneous polysaccharide derivative components can typically be prepared using, for example, two or more different forms / types, batches, or formulations of the polysaccharide derivative. For example, heterogeneously cross-linked polysaccharide derivatives may comprise two or more acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives that differ in substituent groups, DoS, molecular weight, and / or glycosidic bond distribution characteristics.

[0142] In some respects, the crosslinking agents used herein to crosslink acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may be dicarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids, aldehydes, or polyphenols. One or more crosslinking agents contemplated for use in crosslinking the polysaccharide derivatives herein include phosphoryl chloride (POCl3), polyphosphates, sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), boron-containing compounds (e.g., boric acid, diborates, tetraborates such as tetraborate decahydrate, pentaborates, polymeric compounds such as Polybor®, alkali metal borates), multivalent metals (e.g., titanium-containing compounds such as titanium ammonium lactate, triethanolamine titanium, acetylacetone titanium, or titanium polyhydroxy complexes; zirconium-containing compounds such as zirconium lactate, zirconium carbonate, zirconium acetylacetone, zirconium triethanolamine, diisopropylamine zirconium lactate, or zirconium polyhydroxy complexes), glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, polyphenols, divinyl sulfone, epichlorohydrin. Polyamide-epoxychlorohydrin (PAE), di or polycarboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid), dichloroacetic acid, polyamines, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether), diglycidyl ethers (e.g., diglycidyl ether itself, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether [EGDE], 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether [BDGE], polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether [PEGDE, such as PEG2000DGE], bisphenol A diglycidyl ether [BADGE]), bis-guaiacol diepoxide, and triglycidyl ethers (e.g., trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether). Further examples of crosslinking agents that are conceivable herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,462,917, 4,464,270, 4,477,360, or 4,799,550 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 0112907 (all of which are incorporated herein by reference). However, in some respects, the crosslinking agent is not a boron-containing compound (e.g., as described above).

[0143] The composition may comprise one, two, three, four or more different acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as described herein, and optionally, at least one non-derivative polysaccharide (e.g., as disclosed herein). For example, the composition may comprise at least one type of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid dextran derivative and at least one type of dextran; in some aspects, the latter may be (or can be) a precursor compound of the former. In some aspects, a non-derivative α-glucan (e.g., a precursor compound) is not present.

[0144] In some respects, the aqueous compositions comprising acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein further comprise at least one cation, and the polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation. This binding is typically via ionic binding. Examples of cations include one or more hard water cations such as Ca2+. 2+ and / or Mg 2+The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein, when combined with cations in aqueous compositions / systems, can, for example, be used to soften water in aqueous compositions / systems (as a detergent builder).

[0145] The aqueous compositions / systems in which the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives of this document can be combined with at least one cation can be, for example, detergents / grey water used for washing dishes (e.g., in automatic dishwashing machines) or containing textiles (e.g., clothing, such as in washing machines), or any other aqueous compositions / systems to which a detergent for washing and / or providing maintenance has been added; such aqueous compositions / systems typically benefit from the ability of the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives to prevent / reduce the negative effects (e.g., scale and / or scum formation) caused by the presence of one or more cations. In some aspects, the aqueous compositions / systems in which the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can be combined with at least one cation can be any system disclosed herein in which water or aqueous solutions are circulated, transported, and / or stored (the presence of a detergent is not required); such systems typically also benefit for the same reasons disclosed above. Typically, the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be used as detergent builders / softeners by sequestering and / or precipitating cations. In some aspects, the water-soluble acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can bind cations and remain water-soluble. In some aspects, the dispersed (e.g., stably dispersed) water-insoluble acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can bind cations and remain dispersed. The binding (or other interactions, however may occur) between the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein and cations can prevent / reduce the formation of undesirable insoluble salts (e.g., carbonates such as CaCO3 or MgCO3, hydroxides such as Mg(OH)2 or Ca(OH)2, sulfates such as CaSO4) and / or other insoluble compounds (e.g., calcium and / or magnesium salts of fatty acids such as stearates), and / or deposits (e.g., scale, scum such as soap scum) that can form in aqueous systems with hard water cations (e.g., preventing / reducing formation by about or at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% compared to not using acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives). In some aspects, scale may contain CaCO3, MgCO3, CaSO4, Fe2O3, FeS, and / or FeS2.

[0146] In addition to those mentioned above, some examples of aqueous systems that can be treated with acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives in this article include those in industrial environments. Examples of industrial environments in this article include those in the following industries: energy (e.g., fossil fuels such as oil or natural gas), water (e.g., water treatment and / or purification, industrial water, wastewater treatment), agriculture (e.g., grains, fruits / vegetables, fisheries, aquaculture, dairy, livestock, timber, plants), chemicals (e.g., pharmaceutical processing, chemical processing), food processing / manufacturing, mining, or transportation (e.g., freshwater and / or maritime, train or freight container) industries. Further examples of aqueous systems that can be treated with the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein include those used in water treatment, water storage, and / or other water-containing systems (e.g., pipes / ducts, heat exchangers, condensers, filters / filtration systems, storage tanks, water cooling towers, water cooling systems / installations, pasteurizers, boilers, sprayers, nozzles, ship hulls, ballast water). Further examples of aqueous systems that can be treated with the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein include those in the following: medical / dental / healthcare environments (e.g., hospitals, clinics, examination rooms, nursing homes; e.g., instrument cleaning), food service environments (e.g., restaurants, staff canteen kitchens, cafeterias), retail environments (e.g., grocery stores, soft drink machines / vending machines), hospitality / tourism environments (e.g., hotels / motels), sports / recreation environments (e.g., swimming pools / bathtubs, spas), or office / home environments (e.g., bathrooms, bathtubs / showers, kitchens, appliances [e.g., washing machines, automatic dishwashing machines, refrigerators, freezers], sprinkler systems, home / building water pipes, water tanks, water heaters). Further examples of aqueous systems that can be treated with the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein include those disclosed in any of the following: U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2013 / 0029884, 2005 / 0238729, 2010 / 0298275, 2016 / 0152495, 2013 / 0052250, 2015 / 009891, 2016 / The following patents are incorporated herein by reference: 0152495, 2017 / 0044468, 2012 / 0207699, 2020 / 0308592, 2024 / 0199766, or 2024 / 0150497; or U.S. Patent Nos. 4,552,591, 4,925,582, 6,478,972, 6,514,458, 6,395,189, 7,927,496, or 8,784,659; or International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 2022 / 178073 or WO 2022 / 178075.In some respects, the aqueous systems that can be addressed herein comprise (i) brine such as seawater, or (ii) an aqueous solution having about 2.0 wt%, 2.25 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.75 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 3.25 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.75 wt%, 4.0 wt%, 2.5 wt%-4.0 wt%, 2.75 wt%-4.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%-4.0 wt%, 2.5 wt%-3.5 wt%, 2.75 wt%-3.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%-3.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%-4.0 wt%, or 3.0 wt%-3.5 wt%.

[0147] In some aspects, acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can form complexes with hard water salts (e.g., carbonates such as CaCO3) as described herein. Such complexes may, for example, comprise hard water salts encapsulated / covered (e.g., 100%, or at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% encapsulated / covered) by acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives. Such complexes are typically water-insoluble; due to this characteristic, such complexes can be readily removed from aqueous compositions. Therefore, a method is further disclosed herein comprising treating an aqueous composition having at least one hard water salt (e.g., carbonates such as CaCO3 or MgCO3, hydroxides such as Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, sulfates such as CaSO4) with at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as described herein, wherein the treatment results in the formation of a water-insoluble complex comprising the hard water salt and the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative. In some aspects, such water-insoluble complexes may be stably dispersed or stably dispersible. This method may optionally further include removing all or most of the water-insoluble complexes (complexes formed during the treatment steps) from the aqueous composition. In terms of the extent to which this method removes water-insoluble hard water salts, it may optionally be considered a flocculation method. Water-insoluble complexes comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative and at least one hard water salt can be used as ingredients in various products, such as paper products. Therefore, this document discloses products comprising complexes containing acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives and hard water salts, such as paper.

[0148] Compositions / products comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative described herein, such as aqueous or non-aqueous compositions, may be in the form of, for example, household care products, personal care products, industrial products, ingestible products, medical products, or pharmaceutical products, as described in any of the following: U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2018 / 0022834, 2018 / 0237816, 2018 / 0230241, 20180079832, 2016 / 0311935, 2016 / 0304629, 2015 / 0232785, 2015 / 0368594, 2015 / 0368595, 2016 / 0122445, 2019 / 0202942, or 2019 / 0309096, or International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2016 / 133734, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some aspects, the composition may comprise at least one component / ingredient of a home care product, personal care product, industrial product, medical product, pharmaceutical product, or ingestible product as disclosed in any of the foregoing disclosures and / or as disclosed in this invention.

[0149] It is believed that, in some respects, the composition can be used to provide one or more of the following physical properties for personal care products, pharmaceutical products, household products, industrial products, medical products, or ingestible products: for example, thickening, freeze / thaw stability, lubricity, moisture retention and release, texture, consistency, shape retention, emulsification, adhesion, suspension, dispersion, gelling, and reduced mineral hardness.

[0150] The personal care products described herein are not particularly limited and include, for example, skin care compositions, cosmetic compositions, antifungal compositions, and antibacterial compositions. Personal care products described herein may be in the form of, for example, lotions, creams, foams, pastes, balms, ointments, hair oils, gels, liquids, serums, combinations thereof. If desired, the personal care products disclosed herein may include at least one active ingredient. An active ingredient is generally considered to be a component that causes the desired pharmacological effect.

[0151] In some respects, personal care products can be skin care products. Skin care products can be used and / or designed for, for example, general body application or targeted application (e.g., hands or feet). In some respects, skin care products can be used on hair and / or nails (or only on nails). In some respects, skin care products can be applied to the skin to address skin damage associated with dehydration. Skin care products can also be used to address the visual appearance of the skin (e.g., reducing the appearance of flaky, cracked, and / or red skin) and / or the feel of the skin (e.g., reducing skin roughness and / or dryness while improving skin softness and micro-refinement). Typically, skin care products can include at least one active ingredient for treating or preventing skin conditions, providing cosmetic effects, or providing moisturizing benefits to the skin, such as zinc oxide, petrolatum, white petrolatum, mineral oil, cod liver oil, lanolin, dimethicone, stearin, vitamin A, allantoin, calamine, kaolin, glycerin, or colloidal oatmeal, and combinations thereof. Skin care products may include one or more natural moisturizing factors, such as ceramides, hyaluronic acid, glycerin, squalane, amino acids, cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, urea, linoleic acid, glucosamine, mucopolysaccharides, sodium lactate, or sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate. Other ingredients that may be included in skin care products include, but are not limited to, glycerides, almond oil, low-erucic acid rapeseed oil, squalane, squalene, coconut oil, corn oil, jojoba oil, jojoba wax, lecithin, olive oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, shea butter, soybean oil, sweet almond oil, sunflower oil, tea tree oil, shea butter, palm oil, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, wax esters, fatty acids, and orange peel oil. In some respects, skin care products may be ointments, lotions, or disinfectants (e.g., hand sanitizers).Skin care products / formulations adapted to be used as aqueous compositions herein may be disclosed, for example, as follows: US20100189669, US 20200093799, US 20080014162, US 20050002889, US 20020039565, US20080213323, US 20040022822, US 20070166249, US 20080152606, US 20080008668, US20140256830, US 20030206932, US 20030114323, US 20110152335, US 20150202139, US20040180026, US 4595586, US 4268526, US 4272519, US 4285967, US 4368189, US4372944, US 4699780, US 4816271, US 4839164, US 4464362, US 5552135, US 5693255, US5976555, US 5607921, US 5618523, US 5798108, US 5356627, US 5811083, US 5939085, US6280714, US 8465973, US 9867774, US 11110049、US 10546658、US 11033480, EP 0321929, or WO 2013092872, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Skin care products may contain one or more ingredients / additives, such as those disclosed in any of the foregoing references.

[0152] Personal care products mentioned in this article may also take the form of, for example, cosmetics, lipsticks, mascaras, blush, foundation, blush, eyeliner gel, lip liner, lip gloss, other cosmetics, sunscreen, sun lotion, nail polish, nail conditioner, bath gel, shower gel, body wash, facial cleanser, lip balm, skin cream, cream, foam, cold cream, moisturizer, body spray, soap, body scrub, exfoliant, astringent, scruffing lotion, hair removal agent, permanent waving solution, anti-dandruff formulation, antiperspirant composition, deodorant, shaving products, pre-shaving products, after-shaving products, cleansers, skin gels, serums (skin serums), rinse, dental floss compositions, toothpaste, or mouthwash. Examples of personal care products (e.g., cleansers, soaps, scrubs, cosmetics) include carriers or exfoliants (e.g., jojoba beads [jojoba ester beads]) (e.g., about 1-10, 3-7, 4-6, or 5 wt%); such agents may optionally be dispersed within the product.

[0153] In some respects, personal care products can be hair care products. Examples of hair care products described herein include shampoos, conditioners (leave-in or bleach), nourishing hair products, hair dyes, hair coloring products, hair shine products, hair serums, anti-frizz products, split end repair products, mousses, hair sprays, and styling gels. In some embodiments, hair care products may be in the form of liquids, pastes, gels, creams, foams, solids, or powders. Hair care products disclosed in this invention typically comprise one or more of the following ingredients commonly used in the formulation of hair care products: anionic surfactants, such as sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate; cationic surfactants, such as stearoyl trimethylammonium chloride and / or distearyl dimethylammonium chloride; nonionic surfactants, such as glyceryl monostearate, sorbitol monopalmitate and / or polyoxyethylene cetyl ether; humectants, such as propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, glycerin, sorbitol, pyroglutamate, amino acids and / or trimethylglycine; hydrocarbons, such as liquid paraffin, petrolatum, solid paraffin, squalane and / or olefin oligomers; higher alcohols, such as stearyl alcohol and / or cetyl alcohol; lipophilic agents; anti-dandruff agents; disinfectants; anti-inflammatory agents; medicinal herbs; water-soluble polymers, such as methylcellulose, hydroxycellulose and / or partially deacetylated chitin; preservatives, such as parabens; ultraviolet absorbers; pearlescent agents; pH adjusters; fragrances; and pigments.

[0154] In some respects, personal care products can be hair care compositions, such as hair styling or setting compositions (e.g., hair gel or shampoo, hair mousse / foam, hair serum) (e.g., foam, cream, paste, non-flow gel, mousse, hair oil, lacquer, hair wax). Hair styling / setting compositions / formulas that can be adapted to the aqueous compositions described herein include, for example, US 20090074697, WO1999048462, US 20130068849, JPH0454116 A, US 5304368, AU 667246 B2, US 5413775, US5441728, US 5939058, JP 2001302458 A, US 6346234, US 20020085988, US 7169380, US20090060858, US 20090326151, US 20160008257, WO 2020164769, or US All of the information disclosed in 20110217256 are incorporated herein by reference.Hair care compositions, such as hair styling / setting compositions, may contain one or more ingredients / additives as disclosed in any of the foregoing references, and / or one or more of the following: fragrances / fragrances, aromatherapy essences, vanilla, infusions, antimicrobial agents, stimulants (e.g., caffeine), essential oils, hair dyes, colorants or pigments, anti-greying agents, defoamers, sunscreens / UV blockers (e.g., benzophenone-4), vitamins, antioxidants, surfactants or other wetting agents, mica, silica, metallic flakes or other shimmering materials, conditioning agents (e.g., volatile or non-volatile silicone fluids), antistatic agents, sunscreens, detackifying agents, penetrants, preservatives (e.g., phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, benzoates, diazolidinyl urea). This includes urea, butylcarbamate iodopropynyl ester, emollients (e.g., panthenol, isopropyl myristate), rheology-modified or thickening polymers (e.g., acrylate / methacrylamide copolymers, polyacrylic acid [e.g., CARBOMER]), emulsified oil phases, petrolatum, fatty alcohols, glycols and polyols, emulsifiers (e.g., PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, oleyl alcohol polyether-20), humectants (e.g., glycerin, octyl glycol), silicone derivatives, proteins, amino acids (e.g., isoleucine), conditioning agents, chelating agents (e.g., EDTA), solvents (e.g., see below), monosaccharides (e.g., dextrose), disaccharides, oligosaccharides, pH-stabilizing compounds (e.g., aminomethylpropanol), film-forming agents (e.g., acrylate / hydroxy acrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, triethyl acetate), and / or any other suitable materials described herein. The hair fixation / styling agents that may be used in this article include PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), octylacrylamide / acrylate / butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylcaprolactam / PVP / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, AMPHOMER, or any film-forming agent as listed above.

[0155] For example, hair styling / styling compositions may contain a solvent comprising water and optionally a water-miscible (typically polar) organic compound (e.g., liquid or gas), such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol), alkylene glycol alkyl ethers, and / or monoalkyl or dialkyl ethers (e.g., dimethyl ether). If an organic compound is contained, it may constitute, for example, about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% by weight or volume of the solvent (the balance being water). For example, the amount of solvent in the hair styling / styling compositions herein may be about 50 wt%-90 wt%, 60 wt%-90 wt%, 70 wt%-90 wt%, 80 wt%-90 wt%, 50 wt%-95 wt%, 60 wt%-95 wt%, 70 wt%-95 wt%, 80 wt%-95 wt%, or 90 wt%-95 wt%.

[0156] The pharmaceutical products described herein may be in the form of, for example, lotions, liquids, elixirs, gels, suspensions, solutions, creams, foams, serums, or ointments. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical products described herein may be in the form of any personal care product disclosed herein, such as antibacterial or antifungal compositions. The pharmaceutical products may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The compositions described herein may also be used in capsules, encapsulants, tablets, tablet coatings, and as excipients for pharmaceutical preparations and drugs.

[0157] The home care and / or industrial products described herein may take the form of, for example, the following: drywall tape bonding mixes; mortars; slurries; cement plaster; spray plaster; cement mortar; adhesives; pastes; wall / ceiling conditioners; adhesives and processing aids for tape casting, extrusion molding, injection molding, and ceramics; spray adhesives and suspending / dispersing aids for pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers; fabric care products, such as fabric softeners and laundry detergents; hard surface cleaners; air fresheners; polymer emulsions; latexes; gels, such as water-based gels; surfactant solutions; coatings, such as water-based coatings; protective coatings; adhesives; sealants and caulking agents; inks, such as water-based inks; metalworking fluids; films or coatings; or emulsion-based metal cleaners for electroplating, phosphating, galvanizing, and / or general metal cleaning operations. In some aspects, the compositions described herein are included in fluids as viscosity modifiers and / or drag reducers; such uses include downhole operations / fluids (e.g., hydraulic fracturing and enhanced oil recovery).

[0158] Examples of ingestible products described herein include human and / or animal health and / or nutritional products, and / or pharmaceutical products. The intended use of the compositions disclosed herein in ingestible products may, for example, provide texture, increase volume, and / or thicken. Further examples of using the compositions disclosed herein in ingestible products include their use as: expansion, binding, and / or coating components; carriers for coloring agents, flavoring / fragrance agents, and / or high-intensity sweeteners; spray-drying aids; expansion, thickening, dispersing, and / or emulsifying agents; and components for promoting hydration (humectants). Illustrative examples of products that can be prepared having the compositions described herein include pharmaceutical products and nutritional / health supplement products.

[0159] Some aspects of this document relate to (i) brine such as seawater, or (ii) an aqueous solution having about 2.0 wt%, 2.25 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.75 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 3.25 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 3.75 wt%, 4.0 wt%, 2.5 wt%-4.0 wt%, 2.75 wt%-4.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%-4.0 wt%, 2.5 wt%-3.5 wt%, 2.75 wt%-3.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%-3.5 wt%, 3.0 wt%-4.0 wt%, or 3.0 wt%-3.5 wt%, of a salt or combination of salts (e.g., including at least NaCl), or (ii) having at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed in this invention. The concentration of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives in such water (i) or (ii) may be, for example, about, at least about, or less than about 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 0.1 wt%-0.6 wt%, 0.1 wt%-0.5 wt%, 0.1 wt%-0.4 wt%, 0.1 wt%-0.3 wt%, or 0.1 wt%-0.2 wt%. Despite the relatively high salt concentration in such aqueous compositions, it is contemplated that, in some respects, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives may be completely or substantially retained in the solution or dispersion and provide viscosity. Such solutions or dispersions, with viscosity adjusted by acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as described herein (i) or (ii), may be used in systems utilizing such solutions or dispersions (e.g., any system described herein, such as downhole operations).

[0160] In some aspects, compositions comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative described herein may be in the form of fabric care compositions. For example, fabric care compositions may be used for hand washing, machine washing, and / or other purposes, such as soaking and / or pretreatment of fabrics. Fabric care compositions may take the form of: for example, laundry detergents; fabric conditioners; any product added during washing, rinsing, or drying; unit doses or sprays. Fabric care compositions in liquid form may be in the form of aqueous compositions. In other embodiments, fabric care compositions may be in dry forms, such as granular detergents or fabric softener sheets added to a dryer. Other non-limiting examples of fabric care compositions may include: general-purpose or heavy-duty detergents in granular or powder form; general-purpose or heavy-duty detergents in liquid, gel, or paste form; liquid or dry detergents for delicate fabrics (e.g., fine clothing); cleaning aids such as bleaching additives, “stain remover sticks,” or pretreatments; products containing a substrate, such as dry and wet wipes, pads, or sponges; sprays and mists; water-soluble unit dose products; water-dispersible unit dose products (e.g., products containing dispersible fibers). As another example, the compositions described herein may be in the form of liquid, gel, powder, hydrocolloid, aqueous solution, granules, tablet, capsule, beads or lozenges, single-compartment pouch, multi-compartment pouch, single-compartment sachet or multi-compartment sachet.

[0161] The detergent compositions described herein can be in any useful form, such as powder, granules, paste, rod, unit dose, or liquid. Liquid detergents can be aqueous, typically containing up to about 70 wt% water and 0 wt% to about 30 wt% organic solvent. Liquid detergents can also be in a tight gel-type form containing only about 30 wt% water.

[0162] Detergent compositions (e.g., compositions of fabric care products or any other products described herein) typically comprise one or more surfactants selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, semipolar nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant is present at a level from about 0.1% to about 60%, while in alternative embodiments the level is from about 1% to about 50%, and in still further embodiments the level is from about 5% to about 40%, by weight of the detergent composition. Typically, detergents will contain from 0 wt% to about 50 wt% of anionic surfactants, such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), α-olefin sulfonates (AOS), alkyl sulfates (fatty alcohol sulfates) (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfates (AEOS or AES), secondary alkyl sulfonates (SAS), α-sulfonyl fatty acid methyl esters, alkyl- or alkenyl succinic acids, or soaps. Additionally, the detergent composition may optionally contain 0 wt% to about 40 wt% of a nonionic surfactant, such as an alcohol ethoxylate (AEO or AE), a carboxylated alcohol ethoxylate, a nonylphenol ethoxylate, an alkyl polyglycoside, an alkyl dimethylamine oxide, an ethoxylated fatty acid monoethanolamide, a fatty acid monoethanolamide, or a polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amide (as described, for example, in WO92 / 06154, which is incorporated herein by reference). However, in some aspects, the detergent composition does not contain a surfactant, or has less than 5 wt%, 4 wt%, 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.05 wt%, or 0.025 wt% of a surfactant (e.g., such a “detergent composition” may optionally be referred to as a “composition,” a “washing composition,” or a “treatment composition”; in some aspects, any disclosure herein of a detergent composition does not necessarily require the inclusion of a surfactant).

[0163] In addition to the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives disclosed herein that can be used as builder agents, the detergent compositions herein may optionally comprise one or more detergent builder agents or builder agent systems. In some aspects, oxidized α-1,3-glucan may be included as a co-builder agent; oxidized α-1,3-glucan compounds used herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0259439. In some aspects incorporating at least one builder agent, the cleaning composition comprises at least about 1%, from about 3% to about 60%, or even from about 5% to about 40% of the builder agent by weight of the composition. Examples of building blocks include alkali metal, ammonium, and alkanol ammonium salts of polyphosphates; alkali metal silicates, alkaline earth metals, and alkali metal carbonates; aluminosilicates; polycarboxylic acid compounds; ether hydroxy polycarboxylic acid esters; copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene-2,4,6-trisulfonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid; various alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acid, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and hypozoxytriacetic acid; together with polycarboxylic acids, such as hexacarboxylic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and their soluble salts. Other examples of detergent builders or complexing agents include zeolites, diphosphates, triphosphates, phosphonates, diphosphonates (e.g., 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid [HEDP]), citrates, nitrotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTMPA), alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid, soluble silicates or layered cinnamates (e.g., SKS-6 from Hoechst).

[0164] In some embodiments, the builder forms a water-soluble hard ionic complex (e.g., a chelating builder), such as citrate and polyphosphate (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate, potassium tripolyphosphate, and mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate, etc.). Any suitable builder is contemplated to be available in this disclosure, including those known in the art (see, for example, EP 2100949).

[0165] In some embodiments, suitable builders may include phosphate builders and nonphosphate builders. In some embodiments, the builder is a phosphate builder. In some embodiments, the builder is a nonphosphate builder. The builder may be used at levels ranging from 0.1% to 80%, or from 5% to 60%, or from 10% to 50% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the product comprises a mixture of phosphate and nonphosphate builders. Suitable phosphate builders include monophosphates, diphosphates, tripolyphosphates, or oligomeric polyphosphates, including alkali metal salts of these compounds, including sodium salts. In some embodiments, the builder may be sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Additionally, the composition may contain carbonates and / or citrates, preferably citrates, to help achieve a neutral pH composition. Other suitable nonphosphate builders include polycarboxylic acids and their partially or fully neutralized salts, homopolymers and copolymers of monomeric polycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts. In some embodiments, the salts of the above compounds comprise ammonium salts and / or alkali metal salts, i.e., lithium salts, sodium salts, and potassium salts, including sodium salts. Suitable polycarboxylic acids include acyclic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, and aromatic carboxylic acids, wherein in some embodiments they may contain at least two carboxyl groups, which in each case are separated from each other, and in some cases are separated by no more than two carbon atoms.

[0166] The detergent compositions described herein may contain at least one chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include, but are not limited to, copper, iron, and / or manganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. In embodiments using at least one chelating agent, the composition contains from about 0.1% to about 15% or even from about 3.0% to about 10% of the chelating agent by weight of the composition.

[0167] The detergent compositions described herein may contain at least one depositing aid. Suitable depositing aids include, but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polycarboxylate, detergency polymers (such as polyterephthalic acid), clays such as kaolin, montmorillonite, palygorskite, illite, bentonite, hydrous kaolin, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] The detergent compositions described herein may contain one or more dye transfer inhibitors. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibitors include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidinone, and polyvinylimidazole or mixtures thereof. Additional dye transfer inhibitors include manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidase, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidinone and polyvinylimidazole, and / or mixtures thereof; chelating agents, examples of which include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP); 1-hydroxyethylene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP); ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS); methylglycinic acid diacetic acid (MGDA); diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA); and propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDT). A); 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HPNO); or methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA); N,N-diacetic acid (N,N-dicarboxymethylglutamate tetrasodium salt (GLDA); N-dioxotriacetic acid (NTA); 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid; citric acid and any salt thereof; N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid (EDTP) and its derivatives, which may be used alone or in combination with any of the above. In embodiments using at least one dye transfer inhibitor, the compositions herein may contain from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5%, or even from about 0.1% to about 3% of the at least one dye transfer inhibitor by weight of the composition.

[0169] The detergent compositions described herein may contain silicates. In some of these embodiments, sodium silicate (e.g., sodium disilicate, sodium metasilicate, and / or crystalline folin silicate) may be used. In some embodiments, the silicate is present at a level from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the silicate is present at a level from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the composition.

[0170] The detergent compositions described herein may contain dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials include, but are not limited to, homopolymerized or copolymerized acids or their salts, wherein the polycarboxylic acids comprise at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by no more than two carbon atoms.

[0171] The detergent compositions described herein may additionally contain, for example, one or more enzymes as disclosed above. In some aspects, the detergent composition may contain one or more enzymes, each at a level from about 0.00001% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and the balance being cleaning aids by weight of the composition. In some other aspects, the detergent composition may also contain each enzyme at a level from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.001% to about 5%, from about 0.001% to about 2%, or from about 0.005% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition. The enzymes contained in the detergent compositions herein may be stabilized using conventional stabilizers such as: polyols, such as propylene glycol or glycerol; sugars or sugar alcohols; lactic acid; boric acid or boric acid derivatives (e.g., aromatic borate esters).

[0172] In some respects, in addition to acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as disclosed herein, the detergent composition may also contain one or more other types of polymers. Examples of other types of polymers that may be used herein include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), dextran, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polycarboxylic acid esters such as polyacrylates, maleic acid / acrylic acid copolymers, and lauryl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymers.

[0173] The detergent compositions described herein may contain a bleaching system. For example, the bleaching system may contain an H₂O₂ source such as perboric acid or percarbonic acid, which may be combined with a bleaching activator that forms a peracid (such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) or nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS)). Alternatively, the bleaching system may contain a peroxyacid (e.g., an amide, imide, or sulfone-type peroxyacid). Alternatively, the bleaching system may be an enzymatic bleaching system containing a perhydrolase, such as the system described in WO 2005 / 056783.

[0174] The detergent compositions described herein may also contain conventional detergent ingredients such as fabric conditioners, clays, foam promoters, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, soil suspenders, anti-redeposition agents, dyes, bactericides, color-changing inhibitors, optical brighteners, or fragrances. The pH of the detergent compositions described herein (measured in an aqueous solution at the concentration used) is generally neutral or alkaline (e.g., pH from about 7.0 to about 11.0).

[0175] Examples of suitable anti-redeposition agents and / or clay stain removers for use in the fabric care products described herein include polyethoxylated zwitterionic surfactants, water-soluble copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid-ethylene oxide condensates (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 3,719,647), cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose (e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 3,597,416 and 3,523,088), and mixtures comprising nonionic alkyl polyethoxylated surfactants, polyethoxylated quaternary cationic surfactants, and fatty amide surfactants (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,228,044). Other non-limiting examples of suitable anti-redeposition and clay stain removers are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,597,898 and 4,891,160 and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 95 / 32272, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0176] Specific forms of detergent compositions suitable for the purposes disclosed herein are disclosed, for example, in US20090209445 A1, US 20100081598 A1, US 7001878 B2, EP 1504994 B1, WO 2001085888A2, WO 2003089562 A1, WO 2009098659 A1, WO 2009098660 A1, WO 2009112992 A1, WO2009124160 A1, WO 2009152031 A1, WO 2010059483 A1, WO 2010088112 A1, WO2010090915 A1, WO 2010135238 A1, and WO 2011094687. All of the following are incorporated herein by reference: A1, WO 2011094690 A1, WO2011127102 A1, WO 2011163428 A1, WO 2008000567 A1, WO 2006045391 A1, WO2006007911 A1, WO 2012027404 A1, EP 1740690 B1, WO 2012059336 A1, US 6730646 B1, WO 2008087426 A1, WO 2010116139 A1, and WO 2012104613 A1.

[0177] The laundry detergent compositions described herein may optionally be heavy-duty (general purpose) laundry detergent compositions. Exemplary heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions comprise cleaning surfactants (10%-40% wt / wt), including anionic cleaning surfactants (selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, or random, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl alkoxylated sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl phosphonates, alkyl carboxylates, and / or mixtures thereof) and optionally nonionic surfactants (selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, or random, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl alkoxylated alcohols, such as C8-C18 alkyl ethoxylated alcohols and / or C6-C12 alkylphenol alkoxylates), wherein the weight ratio of the anionic cleaning surfactant (having a hydrophilicity index (HIc) from 6.0 to 9) to the nonionic cleaning surfactant is greater than 1:1. Suitable cleaning surfactants also include cationic cleaning surfactants (selected from the group consisting of alkylpyridinium compounds, alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyl quaternary phosphonium compounds, alkyl tertiary sulfonium compounds, and / or mixtures thereof); zwitterionic and / or amphoteric cleaning surfactants (selected from the group consisting of alkanolamine sulfobetaine); amphoteric surfactants; semi-polar nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.

[0178] The detergent compositions described herein, such as heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions, may optionally include surface-enhancing polymers consisting of: amphiphilic alkoxylated grease-cleaning polymers (selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated polymers having branched hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, such as alkoxylated polyalkylimides (in the range of 0.05 wt% to 10 wt%)) and / or random graft polymers (typically comprising a hydrophilic backbone containing monomers selected from the group consisting of: unsaturated C1-C6 carboxylic acids, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, sugar units, alkoxy units, maleic anhydrides, saturated polyols (such as glycerol) and mixtures thereof; and one or more hydrophobic side chains selected from the group consisting of: C4-C25 alkyl, polypropylene, polybutene, saturated C1-C6 monocarboxylic acid vinyl esters, C1-C6 alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof).

[0179] The detergent compositions described herein, such as heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions, may optionally include additional polymers, such as detergency polymers (including anionic-terminated polyesters (e.g., SRP1); polymers in a random or block configuration comprising at least one monomer unit selected from sugars, dicarboxylic acids, polyols, and combinations thereof; polymers and copolymers of ethylene glycol terephthalate-based polymers in a random or block configuration, such as REPEL-O-TEX SF, SF-2, and SRP6, TEXCARE SRA100, SRA300, SRN100, SRN170, SRN240, SRN300, and SRN325, MARLOQUEST SL); and one or more anti-redeposition agents described herein (0.1 wt% to 10 wt%). (wt%), including carboxylic acid ester polymers, such as polymers containing at least one monomer selected from acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesoconic acid, citraconic acid, methylene malonic acid and any mixture thereof; vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers; and / or polyethylene glycol, with a molecular weight range from 500 to 100,000 Da; and polymeric carboxylic acid esters (such as maleate / acrylate random copolymers or polyacrylate homopolymers).

[0180] The detergent compositions described herein, such as heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions, may optionally further comprise saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, preferably saturated or unsaturated C12-C24 fatty acids (0 wt% to 10 wt%); depositing aids (examples of which include polysaccharides; cellulose polymers; polypropylene dimethyl ammonium halide (DADMAC); and copolymers of DADMAC with vinylpyrrolidone, acrylamide, imidazole, imidazoline halides and mixtures thereof (in random or block configurations); cationic guar gum; cationic starch; cationic polyacrylamide, and mixtures thereof).

[0181] The detergent compositions described herein, such as heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions, may optionally further include dye transfer inhibitors, examples of which include manganese phthalocyanine, peroxidase, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidinone and polyvinylimidazole and / or mixtures thereof; chelating agents, examples of which include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonic acid (DTPMP), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), and methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA), 2-hydroxypyridine-N-oxide (HPNO), or methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA), N,N-diacetic acid of glutamate (N,N-dicarboxymethylglutamate tetrasodium salt (GLDA), hypozinotriacetic acid (NTA), 4,5-dihydroxyisophenylsulfonic acid, citric acid and any salt thereof, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA), N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA), dihydroxyethylglycine (DHEG), ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid (EDTP), and their derivatives.

[0182] The detergent compositions described herein, such as heavy-duty laundry detergent compositions, may optionally include silicone- or fatty acid-based foam inhibitors; tinting dyes, calcium and magnesium cations, visual signaling components, antifoaming agents (0.001 wt% to about 4.0 wt%), and / or structural agents / thickeners (0.01 wt% to 5 wt%) selected from the group consisting of: diglycerides and triglycerides, polyethylene distearate, microcrystalline cellulose, ultrafine cellulose, biopolymers, xanthan gum, gellan gum, and mixtures thereof. A structural agent may also be referred to as a structural agent.

[0183] For example, the detergents described herein may be in the form of heavy-duty dry / solid laundry detergent compositions. Such detergents may include: (i) cleaning surfactants, such as any anionic cleaning surfactant disclosed herein, any nonionic cleaning surfactant disclosed herein, any cationic cleaning surfactant disclosed herein, any zwitterionic and / or amphoteric cleaning surfactant disclosed herein, any amphoteric surfactant, any semi-polar nonionic surfactant, and mixtures thereof; (ii) builders, such as any phosphate-free builders (e.g., zeolite builders in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%), any phosphate builders (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%), citric acid, citrates, and hypozinotriacetic acid, any silicates (e.g., sodium silicate, potassium silicate, or sodium metasilicate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 10 wt%); any carbonates (e.g., sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate in the range of 0 wt% to less than 80 wt%), and mixtures thereof; (iii) Bleaching agents, such as any photobleaching agent (e.g., zinc phthalocyanine sulfonate, aluminum phthalocyanine sulfonate, succinate dyes and mixtures thereof); any hydrophobic or hydrophilic bleaching activators (e.g., dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, decanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, decanoyloxybenzoic acid or its salts, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzenesulfonate, tetraacetylethylenediamine-TAED, nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate-NOBS, nitrile quaternary ammonium salts and mixtures thereof); any hydrogen peroxide source (e.g., inorganic peroxide hydrate salts, examples of which include mono- or tetrahydrated sodium salts of perborates, percarbonates, persulfates, superphosphates or persilicates); any pre-formed hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic peracids (e.g., percarboxylic acids and salts, percarbonates and salts, periodic acids and salts, peroxymonosulfate and salts, and mixtures thereof); and / or (iv) Any other components such as bleaching catalysts (e.g., imine bleaching promoters, examples of which include imine cations and polyanions, imine zwitterions, modified amines, modified amine oxides, N-sulfonylimides, N-phosphonylimides, N-acylimides, thiadiazole dioxide, perfluoroimides, cyclic glycosyl groups and mixtures thereof) and metal-containing bleaching catalysts (e.g., copper, iron, titanium, ruthenium, tungsten, molybdenum or manganese cations and auxiliary metal cations (such as zinc or aluminum)) and chelates (such as EDTA, ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid)).

[0184] Detergents used in this document, such as those for fabric care (e.g., clothing), may be contained in, for example, unit doses (e.g., pouches or sachets). The unit dose may be in the form of a water-soluble outer membrane that completely encapsulates the liquid or solid detergent composition. The unit dose may contain a single compartment, or at least two, three, or more compartments. Multiple compartments may be arranged in a stacked or side-by-side orientation. The unit dose described herein is typically a closed structure of any form / shape suitable for containing and protecting its contents without allowing the contents to dissipate before contact with water. In some aspects, the unit dose may contain water-dispersible or water-soluble fibers.

[0185] In some aspects, compositions comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as described herein may be in the form of a fabric softener or contain a fabric softener (liquid fabric softener). An example of such a composition is typically a rinsing agent (e.g., a laundry rinse aid, such as that used in a laundry rinse cycle in a washing machine) used after cleaning a fabric-containing material as described herein with a laundry detergent composition. The concentration of the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative in the fabric softener-containing composition (e.g., a rinsing agent) may be, for example, about, or at least about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 20-80, 20-70, 20-60, 30-80, 30-70, 30-60, 40-80, 40-70, or 40-60 ppm. The concentration of fabric softener in the composition (e.g., rinsing agent) may be, for example, about or at least about 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 50-600, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 100-600, 100-500, 100-400, 100-300, 100-200, 10-600, 50-500, 50-400, 50-300, 50-200, 200-600, 200-500, 200-400, or 200-300 ppm. The fabric softener concentration may be based on the total fabric softener composition added (not necessarily on individual fabric softener components) or on one or more fabric softeners in the fabric softener formulation. The fabric softener described herein may further comprise one or more of the following: fabric softener (e.g., diethyl ester dimethyl ammonium chloride), antistatic agent, fragrance, wetting agent, viscosity modifier (e.g., calcium chloride), pH buffer / buffer agent (e.g., formic acid), antimicrobial agent, antioxidant, free radical scavenger (e.g., ammonium chloride), chelating agent / builder (e.g., diethylenetriaminepentaacetate), defoamer / lubricant (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane), preservative (e.g., benzisothiazolinone), and colorant. In some aspects, the fabric softener may further comprise one or more of the following: fabric softener, viscosity modifier, pH buffer / buffer agent, free radical scavenger, chelating agent / builder, and defoamer / lubricant. The fabric softener may be fragrance-free and / or dye-free, or in some aspects may contain less than about 0.1 wt% fragrance and / or dye.In some respects, fabric softeners applicable herein may be disclosed in any of the following: U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2014 / 0366282, 2001 / 0018410, 2006 / 0058214, 2021 / 0317384, or 2006 / 0014655, or International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 2007 / 078782, WO 1998 / 016538, WO 1998 / 012293, WO 1998007920, WO2000 / 070004, WO 2009 / 146981, WO 2000 / 70005, or WO 2013087366, which are incorporated herein by reference. If desired, some brands of fabric softeners suitable for use herein include DOWNY, DOWNY ULTRA, DOWNYINFUSIONS, ALL, SNUGGLE, LENOR, and GAIN. In some respects, liquid fabric softener products (e.g., as they are present prior to use in a laundry rinse cycle) may be formulated to include one or more acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives. In some respects, fabric softeners may be available in unit doses, as disclosed herein for detergents.

[0186] The compositions disclosed herein comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative may, for example, be in the form of a dishwashing detergent composition. Examples of dishwashing detergents include automatic dishwashing detergents (typically used in dishwashing machines) and hand-washing dishwashing detergents. Dishwashing detergent compositions may, for example, be in any dry or liquid / aqueous form as disclosed herein. Components that may be included in some aspects of a dishwashing detergent composition include, for example, one or more of the following: phosphates; oxygen- or chlorine-based bleach; nonionic surfactants; alkaline salts (e.g., metasilicates, alkali metal hydroxides, sodium carbonate); any active enzymes disclosed herein; corrosion inhibitors (e.g., sodium silicate); defoamers; additives that slow the removal of glaze and patterns from ceramics; fragrances; anti-caking agents (in granular detergents); starch (in tablet-based detergents); gelling agents (in liquid / gel-based detergents); and / or sand (in powdered detergents).

[0187] Dishwashing detergents, such as those for automatic dishwashing machines or liquid dishwashing, may contain (i) nonionic surfactants, including any ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, alcohol alkoxylated surfactants, epoxy-terminated poly(oxyalkylated) alcohols, or amine oxide surfactants present in amounts from 0 to 10 wt%; (ii) about 5-60 The range of detergent builders in the wt% range includes any phosphate builders (e.g., monophosphate, diphosphate, tripolyphosphate, other oligomeric polyphosphates, sodium tripolyphosphate-STPP), any phosphate-free builders (e.g., amino acid-based compounds including methyl-glycine-diacetic acid [MGDA] and its salts or derivatives, glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid [GLDA] and its salts or derivatives, iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) and its salts or derivatives, carboxymethyl inulin and its salts or derivatives, hypozinotriacetic acid [NTA], diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [DTPA], β-alanine diacetic acid [B-ADA] and its salts), homopolymers and copolymers of polycarboxylic acids and their partially or completely neutralized salts, monomeric polycarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts in the range of 0.5 wt% to 50 wt%, or sulfonated / carboxylated polymers in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%; (iii) in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%. (iv) Drying aids in the range of about 1 wt% to about 20 wt% (e.g., polyesters, especially anionic polyesters (optionally with additional monomers having 3 to 6 functional groups that favor polycondensation - typically acid, alcohol or ester functional groups), polycarbonate-, polyurethane- and / or polyurea-polyorganosiloxane compounds or their precursors, especially reactive cyclic carbonates and urea types); (v) Silicates (e.g., sodium silicate or potassium silicate, such as disodium silicate, sodium metasilicate and crystalline succinate) in the range of about 1 wt% to about 20 wt%; (v) Inorganic bleaching agents (e.g., peroxyhydrate salts such as perborates, percarbonates, superphosphates, persulfates and persilicates) and / or organic bleaching agents (e.g., organic peroxy acids such as diacid- and tetraacyl peroxides, especially disperoxydodecanoic acid, disperoxytetradecanoic acid and disperoxyhexadecanoic acid); (vi) Bleaching activators (e.g., in the range of about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%). (vii) Organic peracid precursors in the range of about 0.1 wt% and / or bleaching catalysts (e.g., manganese triazacyclononane and related complexes; Co, Cu, Mn and Fe bispyridineamines and related complexes; and cobalt(III) pentamineacetate and related complexes); (vii) Metal care agents in the range of about 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., benzotriazole, metal salts and complexes, and / or silicates); (viii) Glass corrosion inhibitors in the range of about 0.1 wt% to 5 wt% (e.g., salts and / or complexes of magnesium, zinc, or bismuth); and / or (ix) Any active enzymes disclosed herein (ranging from about 0.01 to 5 wt%).The dishwashing detergent composition contains 0 mg active enzyme per gram and an enzyme stabilizer component (e.g., oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and inorganic divalent metal salts). In some aspects, the dishwashing detergent component or the entire composition (but is suitably adapted to include acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as described herein) may be as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 8,575,083 or 9,796,951, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0044468, or International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 2023 / 111170, WO 2023 / 156427, WO 2023 / 105006, WO 2022 / 214385, or WO 2022189536 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference). For example, the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein may replace or partially replace one or more builder ingredients (e.g., one or more acrylate compounds, and / or any other non-renewable or non-biodegradable builder ingredients) in automatic dishwashing detergents, such as those disclosed in any of the foregoing references or embodied in product brands disclosed herein. In some aspects, in addition to the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein, dishwashing detergents may also contain at least one other builder (e.g., any disclosed in laundry detergents or dishwashing detergents herein, such as HEDP).

[0188] Detergents described herein, such as detergents for dishwashing, may be contained in, for example, unit doses (e.g., pouches or sachets) (e.g., water-soluble unit dose products, water-dispersible unit doses containing fibers), and may be as described above for fabric care detergents, but may contain suitable dishwashing detergent compositions.

[0189] It is believed that many commercially available detergent formulations are suitable for including at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein. Examples of commercially available detergent formulations include PUREX. ® ULTRAPACKS (Henkel), FINISH ® QUANTUM (Reckitt Benckiser), CLOROX™ 2 PACKS (Clorox), OXICLEAN MAX FORCE POWER PAKS (Church & Dwight), TIDE ® STAIN RELEASE, CASCADE ® ACTIONPACS and TIDE ® PODS™ (Procter & Gamble).

[0190] The compositions disclosed herein comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative may, for example, be in the form of oral care compositions. Examples of oral care compositions include dental cleaning agents, toothpastes, mouthwashes, oral rinses, chewing gums, and edible strips that provide some form of oral care (e.g., treatment or prevention of cavities [dental caries], gingivitis, plaque, tartar, and / or periodontal disease). Oral care compositions may also be used to treat “oral surfaces,” which encompass any soft or hard surface within the oral cavity, including the surfaces of the tongue, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and teeth. “Dental surfaces” herein refers to the surfaces of natural teeth or the hard surfaces of artificial dentition (including, for example, crowns, caps, fillings, bridges, dentures, or dental implants).

[0191] The oral care compositions described herein may contain, for example, about 0.01 wt% to 15.0 wt% (e.g., about 0.1 wt% to 10 wt% or about 0.1 wt% to 5.0 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt%) of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as disclosed herein. The acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives contained in the oral care compositions may sometimes be provided therein as thickeners and / or dispersants that can be used to impart a desired consistency and / or mouthfeel to the composition. One or more other thickeners or dispersants may also be provided in the oral care compositions described herein, such as carboxyethylene polymers, carrageenan (e.g., L-carrageenan), natural gums (e.g., karaya gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, astragalus gum), colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, or colloidal silica.

[0192] The oral care compositions described herein may be, for example, toothpaste or other dental cleaning agents. Such compositions, and any other oral care compositions described herein, may additionally contain, but are not limited to, one or more anti-caries agents, antimicrobial or antibacterial agents, anti-tartar or plaque control agents, surfactants, abrasives, pH adjusters, foaming agents, humectants, flavorings, sweeteners, pigments / colorings, whitening agents, and / or other suitable components. Examples of oral care compositions to which acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives of the present invention may be added are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publications Nos. 2006 / 0134025, 2002 / 0022006, and 2008 / 0057007, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0193] The caries prevention agents described herein can be orally acceptable sources of fluoride ions. Suitable sources of fluoride ions include, for example, fluorides, monofluorophosphates and fluorosilicates, and amine fluorides, including olafluridine (N'-octadecyltrimethylenediamine-N,N,N'-tris(2-ethanol)-dihydrofluoride). For example, the caries prevention agent can be present in an amount providing a total of about 100-20000 ppm, about 200-5000 ppm, or about 500-2500 ppm of fluoride ions to the composition. In oral care compositions where sodium fluoride is the sole source of fluoride ions, for example, an amount of about 0.01-5.0 wt%, about 0.05-1.0 wt%, or about 0.1-0.5 wt% sodium fluoride can be present in the composition.

[0194] Antimicrobial or antibacterial agents in the oral care compositions applicable to this document include, for example, phenolic compounds (e.g., 4-allyl catechol; parabens such as benzyl paraben, butyl paraben, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben; 2-benzylphenol; butylated hydroxyanisole; butylated hydroxytoluene; capsaicin; carvacrol; lignochlorophenol; eugenol; guaiacol; halogenated bisphenols, such as hexachlorophenol). hexachlorophene and bromochlorophene; 4-hexylresorcinol; 8-hydroxyquinoline and its salts; salicylates, such as menthyl salicylate, methyl salicylate and phenyl salicylate; phenol; pyrocatechol; N-salicylic acid aniline; thymol; halodiphenyl ether compounds; copper(II) compounds (e.g., copper(II) chlorides, fluorides, sulfates and hydroxides); zinc ion sources (e.g., zinc acetates). Citrates, gluconates, glycine salts, oxides and sulfates); phthalic acid and its salts (e.g., magnesium monopotassium phthalate); dioctylhydrochloride; oterin; sanguisorbide; benzalkonium chloride; duloxetine bromide; alkylpyridine chlorides (e.g., hexadecylpyridine chloride, tetradecylpyridine chloride, N-tetradecyl-4-ethylpyridine chloride); iodine; sulfonamides; biguanides (e.g., aricetin, chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine digluconate); azacyclohexane derivatives ( For example, dimoptisol, octopiol; magnolia extract, grape seed extract, rosemary extract, menthol, geraniol, citral, eucalyptol; antibiotics (e.g., vogmundin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, metronidazole, neomycin, kanamycin, clindamycin), and / or any antibacterial agent disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,776,435 (which is incorporated herein by reference). One or more antimicrobial agents may optionally be present in about 0.01-10 wt% (e.g., 0.1-3 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care compositions.

[0195] Anti-tartar or plaque control agents suitable for use in the oral care compositions described herein include, for example, phosphates and polyphosphates (e.g., pyrophosphates), polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), zinc citrate trihydrate, peptides (e.g., polyaspartic acid and polyglutamic acid), polyolefin sulfonates, polyolefin phosphates, bisphosphonates (e.g., aziridine-2,2-bisphosphonates, such as aziridine-2,2-bisphosphonic acid), N-methylaziridine-2,3-bisphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (HEDP), ethane-1-amino-1,1-bisphosphonate, and / or phosphonoalkyl carboxylic acids and their salts (e.g., their alkali metal salts and ammonium salts). Useful inorganic phosphates and polyphosphates include, for example, monobasic, dibasic, and ternary sodium phosphates; sodium tripolyphosphate; tetrabasic phosphates; monosodium, disodium, trisodium, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate; disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate; sodium trimetaphosphate; sodium hexametaphosphate; or any of these in which sodium is replaced by potassium or ammonium. In some embodiments, other useful anti-tartar agents include anionic polycarboxylic acid polymers (e.g., polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and maleic anhydride, such as polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer). Other useful anti-tartar agents include chelating agents such as hydroxycarboxylic acids (e.g., citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glutaric acid, and oxalic acid and their salts) and aminopolycarboxylic acids (e.g., EDTA). One or more anti-tartar or plaque control agents may optionally be present in about 0.01-50 wt% (e.g., about 0.05-25 wt% or about 0.1-15 wt%), for example, in the disclosed oral care compositions.

[0196] Surfactants suitable for use in the oral care compositions described herein can be, for example, anionic, nonionic, or amphoteric. Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, C64. 8-20 Water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates, C 8-20 Fatty acid sulfonated monoglycerides, sarcosinates, and taurine salts are suitable surfactants. Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl hydroxyethyl sulfonate, sodium polyethylene glycol monododecyl ether carboxylate, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, poloxamer, polyoxyethylene dehydrated sorbitol esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine oxides, tertiary phosphine oxides, and dialkyl sulfoxides. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, but are not limited to, C-type surfactants having anionic groups such as carboxyl, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, or phosphonate groups. 8-20 Derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines. An example of a suitable amphoteric surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine. One or more surfactants may optionally be present in a total amount of about 0.01-10 wt% (e.g., about 0.05-5.0 wt% or about 0.1-2.0 wt%) in, for example, the disclosed oral care compositions.

[0197] Abrasives suitable for use in the oral care compositions herein may include, for example, silica (e.g., silica gel, hydrated silica, precipitated silica), alumina, insoluble phosphates, calcium carbonate, and resin abrasives (e.g., urea-formaldehyde condensate products). Examples of insoluble phosphates that may be used as abrasives herein are orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates, and pyrophosphates, and include dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, β-calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, polymetaphosphate, and insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate. One or more abrasives may optionally be present in a total amount of about 5-70 wt% (e.g., about 10-56 wt% or about 15-30 wt%) in, for example, the disclosed oral care compositions. In some embodiments, the average particle size of the abrasive is about 0.1-30 micrometers (e.g., about 1-20 micrometers or about 5-15 micrometers).

[0198] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may contain at least one pH adjuster. Such agents may be selected to acidify the composition, make it more alkaline, or buffer a pH range of about 2-10 (e.g., pH ranges from about 2-8, 3-9, 4-8, 5-7, 6-10, or 7-9). Examples of pH adjusters that may be used herein include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids, and sulfonic acids; acidic salts (e.g., monosodium citrate, disodium citrate, monosodium malate); alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate); borates; silicates; phosphates (e.g., monosodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, pyrophosphate); and imidazoles.

[0199] Foam modifiers suitable for use in the oral care compositions herein may be, for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG). High molecular weight PEGs are suitable, including those having, for example, an average molecular weight of about 200,000 to 7,000,000 (e.g., about 500,000 to 5,000,000 or about 1,000,000 to 2,500,000). One or more PEGs may optionally be present in a total amount of about 0.1 to 10 wt% (e.g., about 0.2 to 5.0 wt% or about 0.25 to 2.0 wt%) in, for example, the oral care compositions disclosed herein.

[0200] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may contain at least one humectant. In some embodiments, the humectant may be a polyol, such as glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, or low molecular weight PEG. The most suitable humectant may also be used as a sweetener herein. One or more humectants may optionally be present in a total amount of about 1.0-70 wt% (e.g., about 1.0-50 wt%, about 2-25 wt%, or about 5-15 wt%) in, for example, the disclosed oral care composition.

[0201] Natural or artificial sweeteners may optionally be included in the oral care compositions described herein. Examples of suitable sweeteners include dextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, invert sugar, mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup (e.g., high fructose corn syrup or corn syrup solids), partially hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, aspartame, neotame, saccharin and its salts, dipeptide-based strong sweeteners, and cyclosulfonates. One or more sweeteners may optionally be present in a total amount of about 0.005-5.0 wt% in, for example, the oral care compositions disclosed herein.

[0202] Natural or artificial edible flavorings may optionally be included in the oral care compositions described herein. Examples of suitable edible flavorings include vanillin; sage; marjoram; celery oil; spearmint oil; cinnamon oil; wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate); peppermint oil; clove oil; laurel oil; anise oil; eucalyptus oil; citrus oil; fruit oil; flavorings such as those derived from lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, apricot, banana, grape, apple, strawberry, cherry, or pineapple; flavorings derived from legumes and nuts, such as coffee, cocoa beans, cola, peanuts, or almonds; and adsorbent and encapsulated edible flavorings. Also included in the edible flavorings described herein are ingredients that provide flavor and / or other sensory effects in the mouth, including cooling or warming effects. Such ingredients include, but are not limited to, menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, anethole, eugenol, cinnamon, oxanone, and irrisone. ® Hydroxymethyl anethole, thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutyramide, 3-(1-menthoxy)-propane-1,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA), and menthone glycerol acetal (MGA). One or more edible flavorings are optionally present in a total amount of about 0.01-5.0 wt% (e.g., about 0.1-2.5 wt%) in, for example, the disclosed oral care compositions.

[0203] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may contain at least one bicarbonate. Any orally acceptable bicarbonate may be used, including, for example, alkali metal bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate. For example, one or more bicarbonates may optionally be present in the disclosed oral care composition in a total amount of about 0.1-50 wt% (e.g., about 1-20 wt%).

[0204] In some embodiments, the oral care composition may comprise at least one whitening agent and / or coloring agent. Suitable whitening agents are peroxide compounds, such as any of those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,540,971, which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable coloring agents herein include, for example, pigments, dyes, lakes, and agents such as pearlescent agents that impart a particular gloss or reflectivity. Specific examples of coloring agents that may be used herein include talc; mica; magnesium carbonate; calcium carbonate; magnesium silicate; magnesium aluminum silicate; silica; titanium dioxide; zinc oxide; red, yellow, brown, and black iron oxides; ferric ammonium ferrocyanide; manganese violet; deep blue; titanic mica; and bismuth oxychloride. For example, one or more coloring agents may optionally be present in the disclosed oral care composition in a total amount of about 0.001-20 wt% (e.g., about 0.01-10 wt% or about 0.1-5.0 wt%).

[0205] Additional components that may optionally be included in the oral compositions herein include, for example, one or more enzymes (above), vitamins, and anti-adhesion agents. Examples of vitamins that may be used herein include vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B5, and folic acid. Examples of suitable anti-adhesion agents include methylparaben (solbrol), figokinase, and quorum sensing inhibitors.

[0206] Further examples of personal care, home care, and other products and ingredients described herein may be any of those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,796,196, which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of personal care, home care, and other products and ingredients herein include fragrances, air fresheners, deodorizers, insect repellents and pesticides, foaming agents such as surfactants, pet deodorizers, pet insecticides, pet shampoos, disinfectants, hard surface treatments (e.g., floors, bathtubs / showers, sinks, toilets, door handles / panels, glass / windows, exterior or interior of cars / automobiles) (e.g., cleaning, disinfecting, and / or coating agents), wipes and other nonwoven materials, colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, emollients, oils, pharmaceuticals, flavorings, and suspending agents.

[0207] This disclosure also relates to methods for treating materials. These methods typically involve contacting the material with an aqueous composition comprising at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein.

[0208] In some respects, the material in contact with the aqueous composition in the contact methods described herein may comprise a fabric. The fabric described herein may comprise natural fibers, synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. The semi-synthetic fibers described herein are produced using naturally occurring materials that have been chemically derived, examples of which are rayon. Non-limiting examples of fabric types described herein include fabrics made from: (i) cellulosic fibers such as cotton (e.g., velvet, canvas, striped or checkered fabrics, chenille, printed cotton, corduroy, brocade, denim, flannel, striped cotton, jacquard fabrics, knitted fabrics, matelassé, oxford cloth, high-denier cotton, poplin, plissé, cotton satin, seersucker, sheer fabrics, terry cloth, twill, velvet), rayon (e.g., viscose, modal, lyocell), linen, and Tencel. ® (ii) Protein fibers, such as silk, wool, and related mammalian fibers; (iii) Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, acrylic, nylon, etc.; (iv) Long plant fibers derived from jute, flax, ramie, coconut fiber, kapok, sisal, hemp, Manila hemp, hemp, and tamarisk; and (v) Any combination of fabrics from (i)-(iv). Fabrics containing a combination of fiber types (e.g., natural and synthetic) include, for example, those containing both cotton and polyester. Materials / articles containing one or more of the fabrics described herein include, for example, clothing, curtains, drapes, upholstery, carpets, bedding, bathroom towels, tablecloths, sleeping bags, tents, automotive interiors, etc. Other materials include natural and / or synthetic fibers, including, for example, nonwoven fabrics, padding, paper, and foam.

[0209] The aqueous composition that comes into contact with the fabric can be, for example, a fabric care composition (e.g., a laundry detergent, a fabric softener). Therefore, if a fabric care composition is used in a treatment method, the treatment method described in some embodiments can be considered a fabric care method or a laundry method. The fabric care compositions described herein are intended to achieve one or more of the following fabric care benefits (i.e., surface-substantial effects): wrinkle removal, wrinkle reduction, wrinkle resistance, reduced fabric abrasion, anti-abrasion, reduced pilling, extended fabric life, color retention, reduced color fading, reduced dye transfer, color restoration, reduced fabric staining, release of fabric dirt, maintenance of fabric shape, enhanced fabric smoothness, prevention of dirt redeposition on fabric, prevention of graying, improved fabric hand / handle, and / or reduced fabric shrinkage.

[0210] Examples of conditions (e.g., time, temperature, washing / rinsing volume) used in fabric care or laundry methods herein are disclosed in WO 1997 / 003161 and U.S. Patent Nos. 4,794,661, 4,580,421, and 5,945,394, which are incorporated herein by reference. In other instances, materials comprising fabrics may come into contact with the aqueous compositions described herein for at least: (i) for at least about 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120 minutes; (ii) at temperatures of at least about 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C (e.g., for washing or rinsing clothes: “cold” temperatures of about 15°C–30°C, “warm” temperatures of about 30°C–50°C, and “hot” temperatures of about 50°C–95°C); (iii) At a pH of about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 (e.g., a pH range of about 2–12 or about 3–11); (iv) at a salt concentration (e.g., NaCl) of at least about 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 wt%; or any combination of (i)–(iv).

[0211] For example, the contact step in a fabric care or laundry method may include any one of washing, soaking, and / or rinsing steps. In further embodiments, contact with a material or fabric may be performed by any means known in the art, such as dissolving, mixing, shaking, spraying, treating, impregnating, rinsing, pouring or injecting, bonding, coloring, coating, applying, gluing, and / or communicating an effective amount of acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein with the fabric or material. In further embodiments, contact may be used to treat a fabric to provide a surface-substantial effect. As used herein, the terms “fabric hand” or “handle” refer to an individual’s tactile sensory response to a fabric, which may be physical, physiological, psychological, social, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, fabric hand may be measured using a PhabrOmeter for measuring relative hand feel values. ®The system is used to measure (available from NuCybertek, Inc. Davis, CA) (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists [AATCC Test Method "202-2012, Relative Hand Value of Textiles: Instrumental Method"]).

[0212] In some aspects of treating materials containing fabrics, the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative components of the aqueous compositions can be adsorbed onto the fabric. This characteristic is believed to enable the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein to be used as anti-redeposition agents and / or anti-ashing agents (in addition to their viscosity-changing and / or detergent-building effects) in the disclosed fabric care compositions. The anti-redeposition or anti-ashing agents described herein help prevent the stain from redepositing on the garment in the wash water after the stain has been removed. In some aspects, it is further envisioned that adsorbing the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein onto the fabric enhances the fabric's mechanical properties.

[0213] The adsorption of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives onto the fabrics described herein can be achieved, for example, using colorimetric techniques (e.g., Dubois et al., 1956). Analytical Chemistry 28:350-356; Zemlji et al., 2006 Lenzinger Berichte [Linz Chemical Fiber Company Report] 85:68-76; both are measured by reference (incorporated herein) or by any other method known in the art.

[0214] Other materials that may be accessed in the above-described processing methods include surfaces that can be treated with dishwashing detergents (e.g., detergents for automatic dishwashing or hand dishwashing). Examples of such materials include surfaces of tableware, glassware, bowls, plates, baking trays, cookware, and flat cutlery (collectively referred to herein as “tableware”) made of ceramic materials, porcelain, metal, glass, plastics (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, melamine, etc.), and wood. Thus, in some embodiments, the processing method may be considered, for example, a dishwashing method or a tableware washing method. Other surfaces that may be accessed in a dishwashing method include surfaces of internal dishwashing machine components, such as the washing chambers / compartments, pipes / blades, one or more pumps, shelves / stands, and sensor surfaces. Examples of conditions (e.g., time, temperature, washing volume) used to perform the dishwashing or tableware washing methods described herein are disclosed herein as well as in U.S. Patent No. 8,575,083 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0044468, which are incorporated herein by reference. In some respects, tableware articles may be brought into contact with the aqueous compositions described herein under a set of suitable conditions, such as any of the sets of conditions disclosed above concerning contact with fabric-containing materials.

[0215] Other materials that may be contacted in the above-described processing methods include oral surfaces, such as any soft or hard surfaces within the oral cavity, including surfaces of the tongue, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and teeth (e.g., the hard surfaces of natural teeth or artificial dentitions such as crowns, caps, fillings, bridges, dentures, or dental implants). Therefore, in some embodiments, the processing methods can be considered, for example, oral care methods or dental care methods. The conditions (e.g., time, temperature) used to contact the oral surfaces with the aqueous composition described herein should be suitable for the intended purpose of such contact. Other surfaces that may be contacted in the processing methods include surfaces of the skin system such as skin, hair, or nails.

[0216] Therefore, some aspects of this disclosure relate to materials comprising acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives as described herein (e.g., fabrics or products comprising fibers as disclosed herein). Such materials can be prepared according to, for example, material processing methods disclosed herein. In some aspects, the material may comprise acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives if the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives are adsorbed onto the surface of the material or otherwise contacted with the surface of the material.

[0217] Some aspects of the methods for treating materials described herein further include a drying step, wherein the material is dried after contact with the aqueous composition. The drying step may be performed directly after the contact step, or after one or more additional steps that may immediately follow the contact step (e.g., drying fabrics or tableware after washing in the aqueous composition described herein, such as rinsing in water). Drying can be carried out by any of several methods known in the art, such as air drying (e.g., about 20°C–25°C), or, for example, at temperatures of at least about 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 120°C, 140°C, 160°C, 170°C, 175°C, 180°C, or 200°C. Materials dried herein typically contain less than 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, or 0.1 wt% water. Fabrics are preferred materials for carrying out the optional drying step.

[0218] The aqueous composition used in the treatment methods described herein can be any aqueous composition disclosed herein. Examples of aqueous compositions include detergents (e.g., laundry detergents or dishwashing liquids), fabric softeners, and water-based dental cleaning agents such as toothpaste.

[0219] Hard surfaces washed or treated in a washing / treatment composition comprising the anti-deposition detergent composition described herein may have reduced film formation, staining, turbidity, or other deposits. In some aspects, the washing / treatment composition may be a washing liquid (grey water) to which the anti-deposition detergent composition has been added (e.g., the detergent may be provided in concentrated form and diluted into a washing / treatment composition during washing). The washing / treatment composition described herein may be, for example, a composition used in an automatic dishwashing machine or washing machine; such a washing / treatment composition may be characterized as disclosed herein regarding dishwashing and fabric care compositions. In some aspects, the washing / treatment composition comprises at least one cation, and acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives are bound to the cation; this aspect may have any of the characteristics disclosed herein regarding cation binding.

[0220] Anti-deposition detergent compositions may be formulated, for example, according to any automatic dishwashing or fabric care composition disclosed herein or in the incorporated references, and / or contain any of the disclosed ingredients (e.g., surfactants, enzymes, etc.), and / or in any form disclosed herein (e.g., powder, flakes, liquid, unit dose, etc.). The amount of acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives herein may be, for example, about, or at least about 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 4 wt%-12 wt%, 4 wt%-10 wt%, 4 wt%-8 wt%, 5 wt%-12 wt%, 5 wt%-10 wt%, 5 wt%-8 wt%, 6 wt%-12 wt%, 6 wt%-10 wt%, or 6 wt%-8 wt%. In some respects, the anti-deposition detergent composition has each of the ingredients listed in Table A below; the amount (wt%) of each ingredient in such a composition may be within 5%, 10%, 15%, 5%-10%, or 5%-15% of the corresponding values ​​in Table A (plus / minus).

[0221] Table A

[0222] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a method for washing / cleaning or treating hard surfaces. This washing / cleaning or treating method may include: (a) Contacting a hard surface with a washing / treatment composition comprising the anti-deposition detergent composition described herein, and (b) Removing all or part of the washing / treatment composition from a hard surface (e.g., by rinsing with water with or without rinsing aids [water / liquid removal aids] and / or added salt); thereby washing / cleaning or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed / cleaned / treated hard surface has reduced film formation, staining, turbidity, or other deposits. This method may include any conditions suitable for washing, treating materials / surfaces and / or cation binding, such as those disclosed herein (e.g., temperature, pH, time, salt / buffer, etc.) (e.g., conditions for an automated dishwashing machine).

[0223] The hard surface treated by the washing / cleaning method can be any hard surface, such as the hard surface of the aqueous composition or system disclosed herein, or a hard surface associated with / interacting with it. Examples of hard surfaces include glass, plastics (e.g., styrene-acrylonitrile, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, melamine), ceramics, porcelain, metals (e.g., steel, stainless steel, aluminum), or stone (e.g., marble, granite), or composed of them; any of these surfaces can be, for example, the surface of a piece of tableware disclosed herein. In some aspects, the hard surface can be a surface found in an automatic dishwashing machine, washing machine, or similar equipment (e.g., body / housing), and / or its internal components (e.g., pipes, sprayers, nozzles, frames, agitators).

[0224] In some aspects of the washing / cleaning method performed in an automatic dishwashing machine, the washing cycle may include the following continuous cycles: (i) optionally at least one pre-wash period during which water (e.g., at about 40°C-70°C, 45°C-70°C, 50°C-70°C, or 60°C-70°C) is circulated (e.g., for about 3-15, 3-10, or 3-6 minutes) to loosen food material on the dishes; (ii) a main wash period during which the anti-deposition detergent composition described herein (e.g., about 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 15-30, 15-25, or 15-20) is used. (iii) at least one rinsing period during which water (e.g., dry weight) is added to water (e.g., at about 40°C-70°C, 45°C-70°C, or 50°C-70°C) for circulation (e.g., about 1-2.5, 1-2, 1.5-2.5, or 1.5-2 gallons) for circulation (thus providing the washing composition) for a suitable amount of time (e.g., about 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 5-20, 5-15, or 5-10 minutes); (iv) at least one rinsing period during which water (e.g., at about 40°C-70°C, 45°C-70°C, 50°C-70°C, or 60°C-70°C) is circulated (e.g., for about 3-15, 3-10, or 3-6 minutes); and (iv) optionally, a drying period. After each of the washing cycle periods (ii) and (iii) (and optionally after period [i]), the circulating liquid is typically removed, such as by pumping and / or draining.

[0225] The washing / cleaning methods described herein can be used to wash tableware (e.g., using an automatic dishwashing machine, or manual / handwashing). For example, tableware may be as disclosed herein or in U.S. Patent No. 8,575,083 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0044468, which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, tableware may include plates, cups, glassware, bowls, basins, cutlery, spoons, knives, forks, serving utensils, ceramics, plastics, cutting boards, porcelain, ceramics, glassware, tableware, utensilware, and kitchen utensils.

[0226] Hard surfaces washed using the washing / cleaning methods described herein exhibit reduced film formation, staining, turbidity, and / or other deposits. In some respects, this reduction is about or at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% compared to that observed when using a detergent composition without the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein; all other characteristics of the washing / cleaning methods may be identical. Film formation, staining, turbidity, and related deposits typically contain one or more insoluble salts (e.g., carbonates such as CaCO3 or MgCO3, hydroxides such as Mg(OH)2 or Ca(OH)2, sulfates such as CaSO4) and / or other insoluble compounds (e.g., calcium and / or magnesium salts of fatty acids such as stearic acid). Film formation and / or staining may also optionally be referred to as deposits of scale and / or scum (e.g., soap scum).

[0227] Rinse aids may be used optionally during or after the removal of the washing / treatment composition from hard surfaces, such as in the automatic dishwashing process described herein. Rinse aids are generally designed to remove residual water / liquid from hard surfaces and may therefore be optionally referred to as water / liquid removal aids. In this case, rinsing aids can improve the removal from hard surfaces of water / liquid containing any dissolved and / or dispersed compounds, such as complexes containing minerals and / or acrylic / itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives. In some aspects, rinsing aids / water / liquid removal aids may be disclosed as in any of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,630,440, 5,739,099, 5,516,452, 8,685,911, 9,567,551, or 1,111,8140 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference). In some respects, rinsing aids may contain carbonyl synthetic alcohols (oxoalcohols) (alkyl alcohols); an example of such a rinsing aid is GENAPOL EP 2564 (CAS No. 120313-48-6).

[0228] This disclosure also relates to a method for preparing an aqueous composition with increased detergent-building capacity. The method includes, for example, contacting an aqueous composition with at least one acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivative as disclosed herein, wherein the derivative increases the detergent-building capacity of the aqueous composition compared to the detergent-building capacity present prior to the contact step. This method may optionally be characterized as a water (or any other aqueous composition) softening method.

[0229] The aqueous composition in this method can be any aqueous composition disclosed herein, such as household care products, personal care products, industrial products, pharmaceutical products, medical products, or ingestible products. Examples of suitable household care products include household or industrial care products, such as laundry detergents or fabric softeners, and detergents for automatic dishwashing. Examples of suitable personal care products include hair care products (e.g., shampoos, conditioners), dental compositions (e.g., toothpaste, mouthwash), and skin care products (e.g., hand soaps or bath soaps, lotions, cosmetics).

[0230] In some aspects, the aqueous composition in this method is a detergent and / or surfactant composition. Such compositions as described herein may contain, for example, at about 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% (e.g., about 0.05 wt% to 5.0 wt% or about 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt%), at any of the disclosures herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize all the different products constituting examples of detergent / surfactant-containing compositions disclosed herein, such as certain household care products (e.g., laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents) and personal care products (e.g., hand soaps / bath soaps, dental floss), particularly those for cleaning applications.

[0231] In some respects, contacting an aqueous composition with one or more acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives can increase the builder capacity of the aqueous composition. This increase, compared to the builder capacity of the aqueous composition prior to the contact step, can be, for example, about or at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%, 500%, or 1000% (or any integer between 1% and 1000%). The extent of the increased builder capacity achieved can be measured in a variety of ways. For example, the increased builder capacity achieved by the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be estimated by determining the extent to which the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives supply alkalinity to the aqueous composition or buffer the aqueous composition to maintain alkalinity. As another example, the increased builder capacity achieved by the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein can be estimated by determining the extent to which the derivative reduces hardness in the aqueous composition (by sequestering / chelating hard water cations) and / or contributes to the removal of contaminants from a suspension (a characteristic typically applicable to fabric care compositions). As other examples, the increased detergent-building capacity can be determined according to the methods disclosed in the following examples and / or U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2018 / 0022834, 2024 / 0199766, or 2024 / 0150497 or International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 2022 / 178073 or WO 2022 / 178075 (which are incorporated herein by reference) (e.g., calcium dispersibility, NTU determination, membrane reduction determination). For example, contacting the acrylic and / or itaconic acid polysaccharide derivatives described herein with the aqueous composition can be accomplished by dissolving or dispersing the derivatives in the aqueous composition.

[0232] Non-limiting examples of the compositions and methods disclosed herein include: 1. A composition (product) comprising an acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative (an acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid (acrylate) and / or itaconic acid (itaconate) with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group) under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for reacting the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the polysaccharide / derivative and derivatizing the polysaccharide / derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid (i.e., a DoS of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one acrylic acid-derived group and / or itaconic acid-derived group).

[0233] 1b. A composition (product) comprising an acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative (acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharide), wherein said acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one acrylic acid-derived group and / or itaconic acid-derived group.

[0234] 2. The composition as described in Example 1 or 1b, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-glucan derivative.

[0235] 3. The composition as described in Example 2, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-glucan derivative is an acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative (e.g., wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds of the acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative are α-1,3, α-1,4, or α-1,6 bonds) (or the acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-glucan derivative is an acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-β-glucan derivative [e.g., wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds of the acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-β-glucan are β-1,3 or β-1,4 bonds]).

[0236] 4. The composition as described in Example 3, wherein at least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds of the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative are α-1,6 bonds.

[0237] 5. The composition as described in Example 3 or 4, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative comprises at least 1% of α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 branches.

[0238] 6. The composition as described in Example 3, wherein at least about 50% (or at least about 90%, or about 100%) of the glycosidic bonds of the acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative are α-1,3 bonds.

[0239] 7. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein the polysaccharide (or polysaccharide derivative) from which the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is derived has a weight-average degree of polymerization (DPw) of at least 6 (e.g., DPw is at least about 50, about 100, or about 200).

[0240] 8. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, wherein the DoS is at least about 0.005 (e.g., DoS is 0.005 to 1.5, 0.005 to 1.0, 0.005 to 0.5, 0.005 to 0.1, or 0.04 to about 0.1).

[0241] 9. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, wherein: (i) the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for reacting the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the polysaccharide derivatized with the organic group and for derivatizing the polysaccharide derivatized with the organic group); or (ii) the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by further derivatizing the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative with the organic group (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for reacting the organic group with the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative and for derivatizing the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative).

[0242] 10. The composition as described in Example 9, wherein the organic group is ether-linked to the polysaccharide derivative.

[0243] 11. The composition as described in Example 9 or 10, wherein the organic group comprises carboxyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl.

[0244] 12. The composition as described in Example 9 or 10, wherein the organic group comprises carboxymethyl.

[0245] 13. The composition as described in Example 9, wherein the organic group is linked to the polysaccharide derivative by an ester bond, a carbamate bond, a carbonate bond, or a sulfonyl bond.

[0246] 13b. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, or 13, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-soybean polysaccharide derivative or an acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-alginate derivative.

[0247] 13c. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 13b, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has at least 10% biodegradability as determined by a carbon dioxide release test method after 15, 60, or 90 days.

[0248] 13d. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, or 13c, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is oxidized (e.g., oxidized before or after the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatization of the polysaccharide / derivative).

[0249] 13e. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, or 13d, wherein (i) a group formed from the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid is ether-linked to the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, or (ii) a group formed from the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid is ester-linked to the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative.

[0250] 13f. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, or 13e, wherein (i) the group formed from the acrylic acid is one or more polyacrylic acid groups and / or one or more polyacrylate groups (or a salt of such one or more polyacrylate groups), (ii) the group formed from the itaconic acid is one or more polyitaconic acid groups and / or one or more polyitaconic acid groups (or a salt of such one or more polyitaconic acid groups), or (iii) the group formed from the acrylic acid and the itaconic acid is one or more polyacrylic acid / polyitaconic acid groups and / or one or more polyacrylate / polyitaconic acid groups (or a salt of such one or more polyacrylate / polyitaconic acid groups) (the groups comprise copolymers of polyacrylate and polyitaconic acid), optionally wherein one or more of these groups in (i), (ii), or (iii) comprises about 2 to 200 monomer units.

[0251] 14. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, or 13f, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition.

[0252] 15. The composition as described in Example 14, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises at least one cation, and the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation.

[0253] 16. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, or 15, wherein the composition is a home care product, a personal care product, an industrial product, a medical product, or a pharmaceutical product.

[0254] 17. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, or 16, wherein the composition is in or contained therein as a liquid, gel, powder, hydrocolloid, granule, tablet, capsule, bead or lozenge, single-compartment pouch, multi-compartment pouch, single-compartment sachet, multi-compartment sachet, water-dispersible unit dose (e.g., fibrous compositions such as nonwoven or other fibrous structures, sponges or foams, aggregates) or water-soluble unit dose (e.g., sheet or film, fibrous compositions such as nonwoven or other fibrous structures, sponges or foams, aggregates).

[0255] 18. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, or 17, further comprising at least one surfactant (i.e., the composition may optionally be considered a detergent composition).

[0256] 19. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18, further comprising at least one enzyme.

[0257] 20. The composition as described in Example 19, wherein the enzyme is a cellulase, protease, amylase, lipase, or nuclease.

[0258] 21. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, further comprising at least one of the following: a complexing agent, a detergency polymer, a surfactant-enhancing polymer, a bleaching agent, a bleaching activator, a bleaching catalyst, a fabric conditioner, clay, a foaming agent, a foaming inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a dirt suspending agent, an anti-dirt redeposition agent, a dye, a bactericide, a dulling inhibitor, an optical brightener, a fragrance, a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, a dye transfer inhibitor, a chelating agent, a tinting dye, a visual signal transduction component, a defoamer, a structuring agent, a thickener, an anti-caking agent, starch, sand, or a gelling agent.

[0259] 22. The composition as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21, wherein the composition is in the form of, or contained therein, a dishwashing detergent composition or a fabric care composition.

[0260] 23. A method of washing or treating a hard surface, the method comprising: (a) contacting the hard surface with a washing / treatment composition comprising the composition described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, or 22; and (b) removing all or a portion of the washing / treatment composition from the hard surface; thereby washing or treating the hard surface, wherein the washed / treated hard surface has reduced film formation, spots, turbidity, or other deposits, optionally wherein the hard surface is a hard surface of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

[0261] 24. The method as described in Example 23, wherein step (b) includes rinsing the hard surface.

[0262] 25. The method as described in Examples 23 and 24, wherein the hard surface is the hard surface of the tableware.

[0263] 26. The method described in Examples 23, 24, or 25, wherein it is performed in an automatic dishwashing machine or washing machine.

[0264] 27. A method for producing acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives (acrylic acid-grafted and / or itaconic acid-grafted polysaccharides) (e.g., as described in Examples 1, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, or 13f), the method comprising: (a) contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide already derivatized with an organic group) (under suitable conditions [typically including aqueous conditions] for reacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with the polysaccharide / derivative and derivatizing the polysaccharide / derivative), thereby producing acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives have a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from said acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid; and (b) optionally isolating said acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives.

[0265] Example

[0266] This disclosure is further illustrated in the following examples. It should be understood that while these examples indicate certain aspects of this document, they are given by way of illustration only. From the foregoing discussion and these examples, those skilled in the art can determine the essential features of the disclosed embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made to adapt the disclosed embodiments to a variety of uses and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments.

[0267] Materials / Methods

[0268] Representative preparation of α-1,3-glucan: α-1,3-glucan having approximately 100% α-1,3 glycosidic bonds can be synthesized, for example, by following the procedure disclosed in U.S. Application Publication No. 2014 / 0179913 (see, for example, Example 12 therein), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0269] As another example, a slurry of α-1,3-glucan with approximately 100% α-1,3-glycosidic bonds was prepared by: an aqueous solution (0.5 L) adjusted to pH 5.5 containing *Streptococcus salivarius* gtfJ enzyme (100 units / L) (as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0244288, which is incorporated herein by reference), sucrose (100 g / L), potassium phosphate buffer (10 mM), and FermaSure® antimicrobial agent (100 ppm). The resulting enzyme reaction mixture was maintained at 20°C–25°C for 24 hours. Since the α-1,3-glucan synthesized in the reaction is water-insoluble, a slurry was formed. The α-1,3-glucan solids were then collected on 40-micron filter paper using a Buchner funnel equipped with a 325-mesh sieve.

[0270] Representative preparation of α-1,6-glucan with α-1,2 branches

[0271] Each α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan listed below contains a 100% α-1,6-linked backbone, with individual side-chain glucosides already attached to the backbone via α-1,2 bonds; thus, each side-chain gluco is attached to the backbone via an α-1,2 bond / branching point. The example of an α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan in this paper has 40% α-1,2-branching and 60% α-1,6 bonds. In this example, 60% of all bonds in the α-glucan are α-1,6 bonds in the backbone, while the remaining 40% are α-1,2 bonds along the backbone to the side-chain glucosides.

[0272] A method for preparing α-1,6-glucan containing varying amounts of α-1,2-branched α-glucan is disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0282385, which is incorporated herein by reference. Reaction parameters such as sucrose concentration, temperature, and pH can be adjusted to provide α-1,6-glucan with various levels of α-1,2-branching and molecular weight. A representative procedure for preparing α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan (containing 19% α-1,2-branching [i.e., 19% α-1,2 bonds] and 81% α-1,6 bonds) is provided below. Using 1D 1 ¹H-NMR spectra were used to quantify the distribution of glycosidic bonds. Similarly, other samples of α-1,6-glucan with α-1,2-branching were prepared. For example, one sample contained 32% α-1,2-branching and 68% α-1,6 bonds, and another contained 10% α-1,2-branching and 90% α-1,6 bonds.

[0273] Soluble α-1,6-glucan with approximately 19% α-1,2-branching was prepared using a stepwise combination of glucosyltransferase (dextran sucrase) GTF8117 and α-1,2-branching enzyme GTFJ18T1. A reaction mixture (2 L) consisting of sucrose (450 g / L), GTF8117 (9.4 U / mL), and 50 mM sodium acetate was adjusted to pH 5.5 and stirred at 47°C. Aliquots (0.2–1 mL) were removed at a predetermined time and quenched by heating at 90°C for 15 min. The resulting heat-treated aliquots were passed through a 0.45–µm filter. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose, Leuconostoc disaccharide, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides were determined by HPLC analysis. After 23.5 h, the reaction mixture was heated to 90°C for 30 min. The heat-treated reaction mixture of aliquots was passed through a 0.45 µm filter, and the soluble monosaccharides / disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in the flow were analyzed. The major product was a linear dextran with a DPw of 93 (i.e., 100% α-1,6 bonds).

[0274] A second reaction mixture was prepared by adding 238.2 g of sucrose and 210 mL of α-1,2-branching enzyme GTFJ18T1 (5.0 U / mL) to the remaining heat-treated reaction mixture obtained from the GTF8117 reaction described above. The mixture was stirred at 30°C to a volume of approximately 2.2 L. Aliquots (0.2–1 mL) were removed at a predetermined time and quenched by heating at 90°C for 15 minutes. The resulting heat-treated aliquots were passed through a 0.45–µm filter. The flow-through was analyzed by HPLC to determine the concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose, Leuconostoc disaccharide, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. After 95 hours, the reaction mixture was heated to 90°C for 30 minutes. The heat-treated reaction mixture of aliquots was passed through a 0.45–µm filter, and the soluble monosaccharides / disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in the flow-through were analyzed. The remaining heat-treated mixture was centrifuged using a 1–L centrifuge flask. Collect the supernatant and clean it more than 200 times using an ultrafiltration system with a 1- or 5-kDa MWCO cartridge and deionized water. Dry the cleaned oligosaccharide / polysaccharide product solution. Then pass through... 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze dried samples to determine the end-group isomer bonds of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

[0275] For example, various water-soluble α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucans can be prepared by following the above (or similar) enzymatic reaction strategies. This type of α-glucan material can also be produced according to the methods disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0282385 (which is incorporated herein by reference). Examples of different α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucans that have been produced are listed in Table 1. In each of these α-glucans, the α-1,6-glucan backbone (in which α-1,2-branchs are present) has 100% α-1,6-glycosidic bonds; the molecular weights listed are the molecular weights of the α-1,6-glucan backbone. Each α-1,2-branch consists of a single (side-chain) glucose unit.

[0276] Table 1

[0277] α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan

[0278] For example, any α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan as disclosed herein (e.g., Table 1) can be used as a substrate for acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid derivatization processes as described below.

[0279] Example 1

[0280] Synthesis of polyacrylate-grafted α-1,6-glucan

[0281] α-1,6-glucan starting material (43 kDa, with 16% α-1,2 branching, 90 g) was dissolved overnight in deionized water (210 g) with stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (137.8 g) was added to 115.5 g of water in a jacketed reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 7.15 ± 0.05 for the reaction in this example. The reaction flask equipped with a stirrer was then preheated to a reaction temperature of 70°C for approximately 5–10 minutes for equilibration (stirrer speed 200 rpm). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 3.445 g) was then added. The prepared solution was stirred for 120 minutes, and then 0.539 g of potassium persulfate (KPS) was added. The solution was stirred for another 30 minutes, followed by a constant flow rate of equimolar amounts of acrylic acid (AA, 41.340 g) and NaOH (25%, 114.729 g) for 120 minutes. NaOH was used to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxyl units of AA. After complete feeding of AA monomer and KPS, the reaction was allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomers in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and then washed and the final product (α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan acrylate, which is believed to have polyacrylate groups ether-linked to dextran) was recovered.

[0282] Example 2

[0283] Synthesis of polyacrylate-grafted α-1,6-glucan

[0284] The α-1,6-glucan starting material (43 kDa, with 16% α-1,2 branching, 45 g) was dissolved overnight in deionized water (105 g) with stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.5 g) was added to 29.0 g of water in a reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for the reaction in this example. The reaction flask equipped with a stirrer was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to the reaction temperature of 90°C under an inert atmosphere for approximately 5–10 minutes for equilibration (stirrer speed 200 rpm). Ferric(II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.046 g) was added, followed by citric acid (50%, 4.134 g). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 0.861 g) was then added after 60 minutes. The preparation solution was stirred for 60 minutes, followed by constant flow of 10.335 g of equimolar premixed acrylic acid (AA) and 22.946 g of NaOH (to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxyl units of AA) for 90 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomer, 2.067 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed into the reactor for 90 minutes. The reaction was then allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and then washed and the final product (α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan acrylate, which is believed to have polyacrylate groups ether-linked to dextran) was recovered.

[0285] Example 3

[0286] Synthesis of polyacrylate-grafted α-1,6-glucan

[0287] The α-1,6-glucan starting material (43 kDa, with 16% α-1,2 branching, 45 g) was dissolved overnight in deionized water (105 g) with stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.4 g) was added to a reaction flask. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for the reaction in this example. The reaction flask equipped with a stirrer was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to the reaction temperature of 90°C under an inert atmosphere for approximately 5–10 minutes for equilibration (stirrer speed 200 rpm). Ferric(II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.027 g) was added, followed by citric acid (50%, 5.168 g). Hydrogen peroxide (5%, 10.335 g) was then fed for 60 minutes, followed by a constant flow of 46.672 g of partially ionized AA (degree of ionization = 0.90–0.95) for 225 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomer, 5.742 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed into the reactor for 90 minutes. The reaction was then allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and then washed and the final product (α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan acrylate, which is believed to have polyacrylate groups ether-linked to dextran) was recovered.

[0288] Example 4

[0289] Synthesis of acrylic acid / itaconic acid derived α-1,6-glucan

[0290] The α-1,6-glucan starting material (43 kDa, with 16% α-1,2-branching, 45 g) was dissolved overnight in deionized water (105 g) with stirring to obtain a syrup. The syrup (34.5 g) was added to 43.0 g of water in a reaction flask to obtain an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.35 ± 0.15 for the reaction in this example. The reaction flask equipped with a stirrer was then immersed in an oil bath preheated to the reaction temperature of 90°C under an inert atmosphere for approximately 5–10 minutes for equilibration (stirrer speed 200 rpm). Ferric(II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.046 g) was added, followed by citric acid (50%, 4.134 g). Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 0.861 g) was then added after 60 minutes. Subsequently, 6.645 g of itaconic acid was added to the reactor and allowed to react for 60 minutes. Then, equimolar amounts of 10.335 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 22.946 g of NaOH (to achieve complete neutralization of the carboxyl units of AA) were fed at a constant flow rate for 90 minutes. After complete feeding of the AA monomer, 2.698 g of 4.5% potassium persulfate (KPS) was fed for 90 minutes. The reaction was then allowed to continue for another 30 minutes to consume any unreacted monomer in the reactor. Finally, the reaction flask was removed from the oil bath and then washed and the final product (α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan acrylate itaconic acid, which is believed to have polyacrylate / polyitaconic acid copolymer groups ether-linked to dextran) was recovered.

[0291] Example 5

[0292] α-1,6-glucan polyacrylate derivatives can reduce the influence of hard water cations in aqueous compositions.

[0293] The calcium dispersibility of the α-1,6-glucan polyacrylate derivative prepared in Example 1 was tested using the following procedure.

[0294] The α-1,2-branched α-1,6-glucan polyacrylate derivative (20 mg) prepared above was dissolved overnight in an aqueous solution (50 mL) of 440 ppm HEDP (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) and 1160 ppm citrate. Negative and positive control samples with the above HEDP and citrate contents but lacking the α-1,6-glucan polyacrylate derivative were also prepared. The positive control received 20 mg ACUSOL. TM588, while the negative control did not accept any additional compounds. 2 mL of a 2000 ppm aqueous citrate solution and 7 mL of a buffer solution containing 1855 ppm sodium carbonate and 210 ppm sodium bicarbonate were added to 5 mL of each solution. Each preparation (14 mL) was titrated with 1 mL of 8830 ppm calcium chloride solution for 90 seconds at 10 μL / s while stirring (600 rpm) at 55°C. The turbidity of each sample was then measured at 75 minutes using a calibrated turbidimeter (HACH 2100P). This test was repeated at least once for each preparation, and the mean turbidity was reported in turbidity units (NTU, Table 2). The data provided in Table 2 indicate that the use of the preparation containing α-1,6-glucan polyacrylate resulted in lower NTU measurements compared to the negative control, suggesting that the polyacrylate-grafted α-glucan binds better to calcium cations. This combination forms a soluble polysaccharide-calcium complex, which can be readily removed (e.g., by rinsing), accompanied by a reduction in the formation of calcium carbonate (and other insoluble hard water cation salts, where applicable), which would otherwise form undesirable deposits. Furthermore, it is believed that polyacrylate-grafted polysaccharide derivatives can exhibit beneficial effects by interacting with insoluble calcium carbonate, thereby better stabilizing, dispersing, and / or preventing deposition of this salt; this benefit also applies to other hard water cation-carbonates. Therefore, the polysaccharide derivatives of this disclosure can exert beneficial effects by (i) blocking / reducing the formation of hard water cation carbonates and / or (ii) interacting with any hard water cation carbonates that form.

[0295] Table 2 .

Claims

1. A composition comprising an acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group), wherein the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from said acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is an acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-glucan derivative.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein, The acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-glucan derivative is an acrylic acid-and / / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein, At least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds in the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative are α-1,6 bonds.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein, The acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative contains at least 1% α-1,2 and / or α-1,3 branches.

6. The composition of claim 3, wherein, At least about 50% of the glycosidic bonds in the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-α-glucan derivative are α-1,3 bonds.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The polysaccharides from which the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives are derived have a weight-average degree of polymerization (DPw) of at least 6.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The DoS is at least approximately 0.

005.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein: (i) The acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is produced by contacting the acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide that has been derivatized with an organic group, or (ii) The acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives are produced by further derivatizing the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives with the organic groups.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein, The organic group is linked to the polysaccharide derivative by an ether bond.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein, The organic groups include carboxyl, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aryl groups.

12. The composition of claim 10, wherein, The organic group includes carboxymethyl.

13. The composition of claim 9, wherein, The organic group is linked to the polysaccharide derivative by an ester bond, a carbamate bond, a carbonate bond, or a sulfonyl bond.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The composition is an aqueous composition.

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein, The aqueous composition further comprises at least one cation, and the acrylic acid-and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative is bound to the cation.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The composition is a home care product, personal care product, industrial product, medical product, or pharmaceutical product.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The composition is in the form of a liquid, gel, powder, hydrocolloid, granules, tablet, capsule, bead or lozenge, single-compartment bag, multi-compartment bag, single-compartment sachet or multi-compartment sachet, or contained therein.

18. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one surfactant.

19. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one enzyme.

20. The composition of claim 19, wherein, The enzyme is a cellulase, protease, amylase, lipase, or nuclease.

21. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one of the following: a complexing agent, a detergency polymer, a surfactant-enhancing polymer, a bleaching agent, a bleaching activator, a bleaching catalyst, a fabric conditioner, clay, a foam promoter, a foam inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, a dirt suspending agent, an anti-dirt redeposition agent, a dye, a bactericide, a dulling inhibitor, an optical brightener, a fragrance, a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, a dye transfer inhibitor, a chelating agent, a tinting dye, a visual signal transducer, a defoamer, a structuring agent, a thickener, an anti-caking agent, starch, sand, or a gelling agent.

22. The composition of claim 1, wherein, The composition is in the form of a dishwashing detergent composition or is contained therein.

23. A method for washing or treating a hard surface, the method comprising: (a) Contacting the hard surface with a washing / treatment composition comprising the composition as described in claim 1, and (b) Remove all or part of the washing / treatment composition from the hard surface; This washes or treats the hard surface, wherein the washed / treated hard surface has reduced film formation, spots, turbidity, or other deposits. Optionally, the hard surface is a hard surface of glass, plastic, ceramic, porcelain, metal, or stone.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, Step (b) includes rinsing the hard surface.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein, The hard surface refers to the hard surface of the tableware.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein it is performed in an automatic dishwashing machine.

27. A method for producing acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives, the method comprising: (a) Contacting acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid with a polysaccharide (or a polysaccharide already derivatized with an organic group) to produce an acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative, wherein the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivative has a degree of substitution (DoS) of up to about 3.0 contributed by at least one group formed from said acrylic acid and / or itaconic acid, and (b) Optionally, the acrylic acid- and / or itaconic acid-polysaccharide derivatives may be isolated.

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