Low interfacial tension surfactant, its preparation method and application in anti-freezing glass water
By synthesizing a low interfacial tension surfactant with a three-armed spatial structure, the problem of insufficient stability and interfacial durability of surfactants in antifreeze glass water at low temperatures was solved, achieving rapid spreading and efficient wetting performance on the glass surface.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGSU DINGRUI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
The surfactants in existing antifreeze glass fluid are insufficient in reducing interfacial tension, low-temperature stability, and interfacial durability. They are difficult to form a rapidly spreading ultrathin liquid film on the glass surface, and their solubility and stability are poor under low-temperature conditions.
A low interfacial tension surfactant is used, whose chemical structure is based on a cyclotrisiloxane to form a three-arm spatial structure. Each arm contains a thioether bond, a secondary amine, a hydroxyl group and a quaternary ammonium salt. A flexible ether chain and a difluorocarbon chain are attached to the quaternary ammonium salt. A surfactant with synergistic effect is synthesized through a multi-step reaction.
It significantly reduces surface tension, improves wetting performance and low-temperature stability, forms a stable oriented molecular layer, and enhances the wetting and spreading efficiency and low-temperature adaptability of antifreeze glass water.
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Figure CN122255173A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of surfactant technology, specifically to a low interfacial tension surfactant, its preparation method, and its application in antifreeze glass water. Background Technology
[0002] Antifreeze windshield washer fluid, as a functional liquid in automotive washing systems, is primarily used to remove dust, oil, and rain / snow residue from the windshield surface in low-temperature environments. It is required to possess good antifreeze properties, wetting and spreading properties, and a certain degree of water and stain resistance. Current antifreeze windshield washer fluids typically consist of alcohol or glycol-based antifreeze agents, deionized water, conventional surfactants, and a small amount of functional additives. Surfactants play a crucial role in reducing surface tension and improving wetting and cleaning abilities. Commonly used surfactants are mostly anionic, nonionic, or amphoteric surfactants, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylbenzene sulfonates, and alcohol ethers. Although the above-mentioned traditional surfactants have certain detergency, they still have the following shortcomings: (1) They have limited ability to reduce interfacial tension, making it difficult to form a rapidly spreading ultrathin liquid film on the glass surface, which affects the cleaning efficiency; (2) Their solubility and stability decrease under low temperature conditions, and precipitation or wetting performance decay is likely to occur; (3) They are difficult to form a durable hydrophobic molecular layer on the glass surface, and the waterproof effect is short-lived after rain; (4) The adsorption orientation ability of linear molecules with single structure at the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces is limited, and the interface arrangement is not dense and stable enough. In recent years, surfactants with siloxane structures have attracted attention due to their high main chain flexibility and low surface energy; fluorinated surfactants have shown excellent interfacial activity due to the extremely low surface energy of perfluoroalkyl groups. However, traditional linear siloxanes or single fluorinated surfactants often have problems such as insufficient water solubility, limited environmental adaptability or poor interfacial stability, making it difficult to meet multiple performance requirements such as low interfacial tension, low temperature stability and interfacial durability.
[0003] Chinese invention patent CN112044353A discloses a novel Gemini surfactant and its preparation method, as well as a novel comb-type surfactant and its preparation method. This invention uses vinylsilane as the main component and introduces polyether segments into its side groups to obtain a novel Gemini surfactant, which can improve the surface activity of the solution, reduce surface tension, and enhance the spreadability of the solution at different phase interfaces. Furthermore, by controlling the content of each group in the polyether, products with different HLB values (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values) can be synthesized; and by using a catalyst and a hydrosilylation reaction, the novel Gemini surfactant can be linked to a side-containing hydrogen silicone oil to obtain a novel comb-type surfactant with a comb-like structure, thereby improving the surface activity of the solution, reducing surface tension, and enhancing the spreadability of the solution at different phase interfaces. However, its stability at low temperatures remains insufficient.
[0004] Therefore, developing a low-interfacial-tension surfactant that can be stably dispersed in low-temperature systems and form a stable oriented molecular layer on the glass surface is of great significance for improving the wetting and spreading efficiency and low-temperature adaptability of antifreeze glass fluid. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low interfacial tension surfactant, its preparation method, and its application in antifreeze glass water.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A low interfacial tension surfactant has the following chemical structural formula:
[0007] A method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant includes the following steps: S1: 2,4,6-Trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane reacts with 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane under the action of a photoinitiator to generate intermediate 1; the reaction equation is shown below:
[0008] S2: 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine reacts with 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate to generate intermediate 2, as shown in the following schematic equation:
[0009] S3: Intermediate 2 reacts with epichlorohydrin to form intermediate 3, and the reaction equation is shown below:
[0010] S4: Intermediate 1 reacts with intermediate 3 to form a surfactant. The reaction equation is shown below:
[0011] In step S1, the molar ratio of 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane to 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane is 1:(3.01-3.03).
[0012] In step S2, the molar ratio of 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine to 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate is 1:(2.02-2.04).
[0013] In step S3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to epichlorohydrin is 1:(1.03-1.05).
[0014] In step S4, the molar ratio of intermediate 1 to intermediate 3 is 1:(3.05-3.08).
[0015] In step S1, the photoinitiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone.
[0016] The reaction solvent in step S1 is anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, and the reaction solvent in step S2 is anhydrous acetonitrile.
[0017] The reaction solvent in step S3 is isopropanol, and the reaction solvent in step S4 is anhydrous ethanol.
[0018] Application of a low interfacial tension surfactant in antifreeze glass fluid.
[0019] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: The surfactant prepared by this invention has a three-armed spatial structure with cyclotrisiloxane as the core. Each arm contains a thioether bond, a secondary amine, a hydroxyl group and a quaternary ammonium salt. The quaternary ammonium salt is connected to a flexible ether chain and a difluorocarbon chain. The synergistic effect of the various structures significantly reduces its surface tension and improves its wetting performance and stability at low temperature. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 The image shows the proton NMR spectrum of the surfactant prepared in Example 1.
[0021] Figure 2 The image shows a high-resolution mass spectrum of the surfactant prepared in Example 1. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides further details, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0023] Example 1 Preparation of Surfactants S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, 0.1 mol of 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, 0.301 mol of 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane, and 1.54 g of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone were stirred and mixed thoroughly at room temperature under an intensity of 20 mW / cm. 2 Irradiated with 365 nm ultraviolet light for 40 min, rotary evaporated at 40 °C to constant weight, added 200 ml of cold n-hexane and stirred to precipitate, filtered, the filter cake was washed with 80 ml of cold n-hexane and dried under vacuum at 40 °C for 12 h to obtain intermediate 1; its 1H NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d) δ 2.69 (d, J = 2.5Hz, 6H), 2.58-2.46 (m, 12H), 1.75 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 6H), 1.56 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 12H), 1.39-1.31 (m, 6H), 1.17-0.97 (m, 6H), 0.38 (s, 9H); HRMS (m / z):616.2874[M+H] + ; S2: Under nitrogen protection, 500 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.1 mol of 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine, 0.202 mol of 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate, and 0.4 mmol of hydroquinone were stirred and mixed. The mixture was heated to 50 °C and reacted for 8 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. 450 ml of cold diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml), and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 10 h to obtain intermediate 2. Its 1H NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 4.67-4.58 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.54 (m, 22H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.89-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.58-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.38 (m, 4H); HRMS (m / z):1204.2098[M+H] + ; S3: Under nitrogen protection, 600 ml of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) and 0.1 mol of intermediate 2 were stirred and mixed. 0.103 mol of epichlorohydrin was slowly added dropwise over 30 min. The mixture was then heated to 70 °C and reacted for 8 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 70 °C to constant weight to obtain intermediate 3. Its 1H NMR spectrum data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d 6 ) δ 4.76-4.62 (m,4H), 4.07-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.41 (m, 22H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 6H), 3.04-2.81 (m, 4H); HRMS (m / z):1260.2436[M-Cl] + ; S4: Under nitrogen protection, 180 ml of anhydrous ethanol, 0.01 mol of intermediate 1, 0.0305 mol of intermediate 3, and 0.031 mol of triethylamine were stirred and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was heated to 55 °C and reacted for 7 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. The final weight was determined by diluting the mixture with 150 ml of a mixture of ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethanol (V... 乙酸乙酯 :V 无水乙醇 =7:3) recrystallized, filtered, and vacuum dried at 50℃ for 8 h to obtain the surfactant; its proton NMR spectrum is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the proton NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform- d ) δ 4.75-4.64 (m, 12H), 4.63 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 3H), 4.08 (d, J =5.0 Hz, 3H), 3.82 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 6H), 3.65-3.51 (m, 60H), 3.42-3.37 (m,12H), 3.32 (s, 9H), 3.30-3.21 (m, 12H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.00 (m, 6H), 2.88(d, J = 12.4 Hz, 6H), 2.79-2.67 (m, 12H), 2.62-2.47 (m, 12H), 1.65-1.49 (m, 12H), 1.37 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 6H), 1.18–0.95 (m, 6H), 0.38 (s, 9H); its high-resolution mass spectrum is as follows: Figure 2 The mass spectrometry data are as follows: HRMS (m / z): 1465.6734 [M-3Cl] 3+ .
[0024] Example 2 Preparation of Surfactants S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, 0.1 mol of 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, 0.302 mol of 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane, and 1.54 g of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone were stirred and mixed thoroughly at room temperature under an intensity of 20 mW / cm². 2 Irradiate under 365nm ultraviolet light for 40 min, evaporate at 40℃ to constant weight, add 200ml of cold n-hexane and stir to precipitate, filter, wash the filter cake with 80ml of cold n-hexane, and vacuum dry at 40℃ for 12 h to obtain intermediate 1. S2: Under nitrogen protection, 500 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.1 mol of 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine, 0.203 mol of 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate, and 0.4 mmol of hydroquinone were stirred and mixed. The mixture was heated to 55 °C and reacted for 7 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. 450 ml of cold diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml), and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 10 h to obtain intermediate 2. S3: Under nitrogen protection, 600 ml of DMF and 0.1 mol of intermediate 2 were stirred and mixed, and 0.104 mol of epichlorohydrin was slowly added dropwise. After the addition was completed in 30 min, the temperature was raised to 75 °C and reacted for 7.5 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 70 °C to constant weight to obtain intermediate 3. S4: Under nitrogen protection, 180 ml of anhydrous ethanol, 0.01 mol of intermediate 1, 0.0306 mol of intermediate 3, and 0.031 mol of triethylamine were stirred and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was heated to 60 °C and reacted for 6.5 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. The final weight was determined by distillation using a mixture of 150 ml of ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethanol (V... 乙酸乙酯 :V 无水乙醇 The surfactant was obtained by recrystallizing (7:3 ratio), filtering, and vacuum drying at 50°C for 8 hours.
[0025] Example 3 Preparation of Surfactants S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, 0.1 mol of 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, 0.303 mol of 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane, and 1.54 g of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone were stirred and mixed thoroughly at room temperature under an intensity of 20 mW / cm². 2 Irradiate under 365nm ultraviolet light for 40 min, evaporate at 40℃ to constant weight, add 200ml of cold n-hexane and stir to precipitate, filter, wash the filter cake with 80ml of cold n-hexane, and vacuum dry at 40℃ for 12 h to obtain intermediate 1. S2: Under nitrogen protection, 500 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile, 0.1 mol of 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine, 0.204 mol of 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate, and 0.4 mmol of hydroquinone were stirred and mixed. The mixture was heated to 60 °C and reacted for 6 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. 450 ml of cold diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml), and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 10 h to obtain intermediate 2. S3: Under nitrogen protection, 600 ml of DMF and 0.1 mol of intermediate 2 were stirred and mixed, and 0.105 mol of epichlorohydrin was slowly added dropwise. After the addition was completed in 30 min, the temperature was raised to 80 °C and reacted for 7 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was rotary evaporated at 70 °C to constant weight to obtain intermediate 3. S4: Under nitrogen protection, 180 ml of anhydrous ethanol, 0.01 mol of intermediate 1, 0.0308 mol of intermediate 3, and 0.031 mol of triethylamine were stirred and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was heated to 65 °C and reacted for 6 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtered and rotary evaporated at 50 °C to constant weight. The final weight was determined by distillation with a 150 ml mixture of ethyl acetate and anhydrous ethanol (V... 乙酸乙酯 :V 无水乙醇 The surfactant was obtained by recrystallizing (7:3 ratio), filtering, and vacuum drying at 50°C for 8 hours.
[0026] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane in step S1 is replaced with 0.15 mol of 1,5-divinyl-hexamethyltrisiloxane; the amount of intermediate 3 in step S4 is replaced with 0.0204 mol, and the amount of triethylamine is replaced with 0.021 mol.
[0027] Comparative Example 2: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane in step S1 is replaced with 0.075 mol of 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane; the amount of intermediate 3 in step S4 is replaced with 0.0406 mol, and the amount of triethylamine is replaced with 0.041 mol.
[0028] Comparative Example 3: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine in step S2 is replaced with an equimolar amount of aminodecaglycol monomethyl ether.
[0029] Comparative Example 4: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine in step S2 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 3,6,9-trioxane-1-aminodecane.
[0030] Comparative Example 5: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine in step S2 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1-aminononadecane.
[0031] Comparative Example 6: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate in step S2 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acrylate.
[0032] Comparative Example 7: The preparation method of the surfactant is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the amount of intermediate 3 in step S4 is replaced with 0.0204 mol and the amount of triethylamine is replaced with 0.021 mol.
[0033] The surface tension, low-temperature stability, and wetting properties of the surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
[0034] Surface tension test: The surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were prepared into 0.1 wt% aqueous solutions of surfactants. The surface tension at 25°C was determined by the plate method in standard GB / T 22237-2008 "Determination of Surface Tension of Surfactants".
[0035] Low-temperature stability test: The surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were prepared into a 5wt% surfactant ethylene glycol aqueous solution (the volume ratio of ethylene glycol to water was 9:1), placed in a low-temperature constant temperature chamber, and observed for 24 hours at -10℃ to see if any solids precipitated.
[0036] Wetting performance test: The surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were prepared into a 0.1 wt% surfactant aqueous solution. 5 μl of surfactant aqueous solution was dropped onto a clean quartz plate, and the contact angle was immediately measured using a contact angle meter. Three points were measured for each plate, and three plates were repeated for each sample. The average value was taken as the final result.
[0037] Table 1 Performance Test Data
[0038] As can be seen from Table 1, the surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 of this application have low surface tension and contact angle, exhibiting excellent wetting properties and low-temperature stability.
[0039] The surfactants prepared in Examples 1-3 of this application form a three-arm spatial structure with cyclotrisiloxane as the core. Each arm contains a thioether bond, a secondary amine, a hydroxyl group, and a quaternary ammonium salt. Flexible ether chains and fluorocarbon chains are connected to the quaternary ammonium salt, giving the molecule both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functions. The cyclotrisiloxane provides spatial support, allowing the three arms to form a tripod-like stable adsorption at the gas-liquid interface. The fluorocarbon structure, as a superhydrophobic group, is tightly packed at the interface due to its extremely low surface energy, reducing surface tension through hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces between the fluorocarbon chains. The flexible ether chains form a hydrogen bond network with water molecules through ether-oxygen bonds, improving low-temperature fluidity, and simultaneously enhancing the dynamic spreading ability of the molecule at the interface through chain segment oscillation. The quaternary ammonium salt cationic head group maintains molecular dispersion stability through electrostatic repulsion, while the hydroxyl and secondary amine further enhance hydration and improve the wettability of the molecule. The flexible thioether bond balances the rigid framework and chain segment movement, ensuring interfacial activity over a wide temperature range. The synergistic effect of various structures in the surfactant molecule significantly reduces its surface tension, improves wetting properties and low-temperature stability.
[0040] The surfactant prepared in Comparative Example 1 has a two-arm structure, resulting in insufficient molecular density and uneven coverage at the interface. This reduces the dynamic spreading ability and adsorption stability of the chain segments, leading to a weakened surface tension reduction effect. Simultaneously, its low-temperature stability and wetting properties also decrease. The surfactant prepared in Comparative Example 2 has a four-arm structure, resulting in space congestion, restricted chain segment arrangement, and insufficient spreading of fluorocarbon and ether chains. This hinders dynamic chain segment movement, weakens synergistic effects, and reduces interfacial adsorption density, ultimately leading to a decrease in surface tension reduction, wetting properties, and low-temperature stability. The surfactant prepared in Comparative Example 5 replaces the hydrophilic ether chain with a completely hydrophobic long alkyl chain, resulting in poor aqueous solubility, irregular interfacial adsorption layer arrangement, restricted dynamic chain spreading, and the disappearance of hydrophilic synergistic effects, leading to a decrease in surfactant performance.
[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. However, any modifications, alterations, and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention based on the disclosed technical content are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, and variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A low interfacial tension surfactant, characterized in that, Its chemical structural formula is as follows: 。 2. A method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: 2,4,6-Trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane reacts with 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane under the action of a photoinitiator to generate intermediate 1. S2: 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine reacts with 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate to generate intermediate 2. S3: Intermediate 2 reacts with epichlorohydrin to generate intermediate 3. S4: Intermediate 1 reacts with intermediate 3 to generate a surfactant.
3. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the molar ratio of 2,4,6-trivinyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane to 5-amino-1-mercaptopentane is 1:(3.01-3.03).
4. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the molar ratio of 3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxane-1-amine to 1H,1H-perfluorooctyl acrylate is 1:(2.02-2.04).
5. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to epichlorohydrin is 1:(1.03-1.05).
6. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S4, the molar ratio of intermediate 1 to intermediate 3 is 1:(3.05-3.08).
7. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the photoinitiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone.
8. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction solvent in step S1 is anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, and the reaction solvent in step S2 is anhydrous acetonitrile.
9. The method for preparing a low interfacial tension surfactant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction solvent in step S3 is isopropanol, and the reaction solvent in step S4 is anhydrous ethanol.
10. The application of the low interfacial tension surfactant of claim 1 in antifreeze glass fluid.