A testing device for fin outer pressure bearing capacity and a testing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a testing device for fin outer pressure bearing capacity and a testing method thereof. The testing method comprises the following steps: a to-be-tested fin assembly, the to-be-tested fin assembly comprises: a first fin assembly; a second fin assembly; a supporting assembly connected between the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly; a testing device body provided with a mounting port; a sealing cover sealingly connected with the mounting port, the sealing cover and the testing device body jointly forming a cavity; part of the to-be-tested fin assembly is arranged in the cavity, and a gap is arranged between the part of the to-be-tested fin assembly and an inner wall of the cavity; the cavity is communicated with the inside of the supporting assembly through a communication port; and a pressurizing assembly communicated with the cavity and used for injecting a pressurizing medium into the gap and the inside of the supporting assembly. The application can solve the problems that the fin outer pressure bearing capacity measurement is inaccurate and the testing efficiency is low due to the fact that the aluminum plate fin heat exchanger cannot be based on the real outer pressure working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat exchanger performance testing technology, and in particular to a testing device and method for testing the external pressure bearing capacity of fins. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers are widely used in high-pressure, high-precision heat exchange scenarios such as chemical engineering, air separation equipment, and natural gas liquefaction due to their significant advantages such as compact structure, light weight, and high heat transfer efficiency. The aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger employs a two-channel structure with alternating stacked layers of hot and cold fluid channels. Aluminum alloy partitions serve as the interlayer separators, and heat exchange fins for the corresponding media are arranged between adjacent partitions, further enclosed by side seals to form independent, sealed flow channels. One channel is a conventional sealed flow channel, while the other is an open, unsealed channel. The entire assembly is periodically stacked from bottom to top according to the pattern of sealed channel—partition—open channel—partition. Guide fins are configured at the inlet and outlet ends for uniform flow distribution. After the entire stack is completed, it is vacuum brazed to form a single plate bundle, creating two completely isolated independent fluid channels that transfer heat to the walls only through the partitions and fins. This allows for counter-current or cross-current heat exchange layouts, resulting in a compact structure and excellent sealing.

[0003] As the core component of plate-fin heat exchangers, the mechanical properties of the fins directly determine the heat exchanger's load-bearing capacity and operational safety. Depending on application requirements, fins are typically designed in various structural forms, mainly including serrated fins, porous fins, straight fins, or corrugated fins. These fins are formed from thin aluminum foil (commonly grade 3003) with a thickness of only 0.1mm to 0.6mm, stamped into a U-shaped structure. Their geometric characteristics are a fin height of 2.5mm to 20mm and a pitch of 0.8mm to 4.2mm. However, it is precisely this thin-walled, complex geometry that presents two major challenges to the evaluation of their mechanical properties: 1. The complexity of stress analysis. After fin formation, their load-bearing cross-section is extremely irregular, making it difficult to accurately measure the effective load-bearing area, and preventing the direct acquisition of precise stress distribution through conventional theoretical calculations. 2. The multi-factor dependence of strength. The final strength of the fin depends not only on the base material grade but also, and more importantly, on the quality of the brazing process. The laminated structure formed by brazing fins and baffles directly determines the fins' ability to work together under load. If there are defects in the brazing, the fins' ability to withstand external pressure will be significantly reduced.

[0004] Currently, there are relatively mature industry standards for assessing the internal pressure bearing capacity of fins (such as NB / T47006). A burst test is typically used, applying internal pressure to the core unit containing the fins until failure, thus verifying its ultimate bearing capacity under pressure differential and determining its maximum allowable design pressure. However, there are currently no clear standard regulations for testing the maximum allowable working pressure of fins under external pressure conditions. With the continuous expansion of application scenarios, this technological gap is becoming increasingly important.

[0005] When heat exchangers are used in an immersion manner in cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid hydrogen, or installed inside a vacuum-sealed cold box, the finned channels will face conditions where the external medium pressure is higher than the internal pressure. In this situation, the external pressure load becomes a critical factor affecting the safe operation of the equipment. Once the fins become unstable and collapse under external pressure, it will directly lead to channel blockage and equipment failure. Because the maximum allowable external pressure of the fins cannot be determined through direct calculation models or simple mechanical tests, the strength design of fins under external pressure conditions has long lacked theoretical basis and data support.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a testing device and method that can determine the external pressure bearing capacity of aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers based on actual operating conditions and improve testing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that the existing technology cannot measure the external pressure bearing capacity of the fins and has low testing efficiency because it cannot be based on the actual external pressure conditions of aluminum plate-fin heat exchangers.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention disclose a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, comprising:

[0009] The fin assembly to be tested includes:

[0010] The first fin assembly has a first water inlet and a first water outlet;

[0011] The second fin assembly has a second water inlet and a second water outlet;

[0012] A support assembly is connected between the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly, and the support assembly is provided with a communication port;

[0013] The testing device body is equipped with an installation port;

[0014] A sealing cap is sealed to the mounting port, and the sealing cap and the test device body together form a cavity; a portion of the fin assembly to be tested is disposed in the cavity, and a gap is provided between the portion of the fin assembly to be tested and the inner wall of the cavity; the cavity is connected to the interior of the support assembly through the communication port;

[0015] A pressurizing component, connected to the cavity, is used to inject a pressurizing medium into the gap and the interior of the support component;

[0016] The first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet, and the second water outlet all extend through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity, so that the interiors of the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly are respectively formed as closed spaces isolated from the cavity.

[0017] By employing the above technical solution, the interiors of the first and second fin assemblies are respectively formed as closed spaces isolated from the cavity, and the support assembly is connected to the cavity. This creates a realistic pressure difference environment of "high pressure on the outside and normal pressure on the inside" when the cavity is pressurized, accurately simulating the actual stress state of a plate-fin heat exchanger under immersion or vacuum cold box conditions where "external pressure is greater than internal pressure". This design not only fills the technical gap in the industry regarding the lack of a standard testing method for the allowable external pressure stress of fins, but also overcomes the fundamental problem that direct mechanical calculations are impossible due to the small and complex structure of the fins.

[0018] Simultaneously, the testing device, through the symmetrically arranged first and second fin assemblies, can obtain two independent failure pressure data points during a single clamping and pressurization test, corresponding to the external pressure ultimate bearing capacity of the first and second fins, respectively. This not only enables simultaneous testing of two samples from the same batch but also allows for the evaluation of the consistency of fin and brazing quality by comparing the numerical differences between the two failure pressure data points, effectively avoiding the random errors that may arise from single-sample testing. Furthermore, the testing device can simultaneously determine the external pressure bearing capacity of the first and second fin assemblies in a single measurement, improving testing efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, by connecting the support assembly between the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly and providing a communication port, the pressurized medium (such as liquid nitrogen) can freely enter the interior of the support assembly, providing back pressure support to the sidewalls of the support assembly and preventing inward deformation, thereby obtaining clear and accurate instability pressure data. Additionally, a gap is provided between the fin assembly under test and the inner wall of the cavity to ensure that the pressurized medium uniformly surrounds the outer surface of the fin assembly under test, further simulating a real external pressure environment.

[0020] Furthermore, the sealing cap is sealed to the mounting port and together with the test device body forms a cavity, creating a sealed and safe pressurized space. The first and second water inlets and outlet extend through the sealing cap to the outside of the cavity, facilitating water injection and venting operations while ensuring the independence of the enclosed space. Moreover, the pressurization component is connected to the cavity, providing a stable and controllable pressure source to achieve gradual pressurization, facilitating the observation and recording of the pressure value at the moment of fin instability. In summary, the embodiment of this application allows for testing two independent samples in a single clamping, offering advantages such as accurate and reliable test results, ingenious structure, convenient operation, and ease of widespread application. It provides crucial design basis and safety assessment methods for equipment subjected to special working conditions such as immersion heat exchangers and internal heat exchangers in cold boxes that bear external pressure loads.

[0021] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, wherein the first fin assembly includes:

[0022] A first housing is disposed within the cavity. The first housing has a first enclosed space. The first housing also has a first water inlet and a first water outlet, both of which are connected to the first enclosed space. The first housing has a first surface along the thickness direction of the fin assembly to be tested, and the first surface is located on the side of the first housing closer to the support assembly.

[0023] The first water inlet pipe has one end connected to the first water inlet and the other end extending through the sealing cap to the outside of the cavity.

[0024] The first water outlet pipe has one end connected to the first water outlet, and the other end extends through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity;

[0025] The first fin is disposed in the first enclosed space;

[0026] The second fin assembly includes:

[0027] A second housing is disposed within the cavity, and a second enclosed space is provided inside the second housing. The second housing also has a second water inlet and a second water outlet, which are connected to the second enclosed space. The second housing has a second surface, which is located on the side of the second housing closer to the support assembly along the thickness direction.

[0028] The second water inlet pipe has one end connected to the second water inlet and the other end extending through the sealing cap to the outside of the cavity.

[0029] The second water outlet pipe has one end connected to the second water outlet, and the other end extends through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity.

[0030] The second fin is located in the second enclosed space;

[0031] The support assembly is disposed within the cavity, and the support assembly includes:

[0032] The sidewall extends from the outer edge of the first surface along the thickness direction to the outer edge of the second surface, and together with the first surface and the second surface, forms an accommodating space; the sidewall is provided with a communication opening, which is connected to the accommodating space and the cavity respectively.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, and by setting up a first housing and its first enclosed space, a second housing and its second enclosed space, and configuring a first water injection pipe, a first water outlet pipe, a second water injection pipe, and a second water outlet pipe that extend through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity, the independent water injection, venting, and cavity isolation functions of the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly are achieved, ensuring a stable and reliable pressure difference environment where "external pressure is greater than internal pressure" during the test. By defining the first surface and the second surface as being located on the side of the first housing and the second housing closest to the support assembly, respectively, the interface position of pressure transmission is clarified, making the direction of the force exerted by the pressurized medium on the shell walls of the first housing and the second housing clear and controllable. In addition, by setting a sidewall extending from the outer edge of the first surface to the outer edge of the second surface, and together with the first surface and the second surface forming an accommodating space, an intermediate layer structure located between the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly is constructed, providing installation space for the support fins. Furthermore, the receiving space is connected to the cavity through the connecting port on the side wall of the support component, allowing the pressurized medium to freely enter the receiving space and form the same pressure environment as the cavity. This simulates the real working conditions of the plate-fin heat exchanger baffle, thereby providing uniform back pressure support for the first and second surfaces. This effectively prevents the first and second surfaces from deforming inward, ensuring that the outer shell walls of the first and second shells bear the pressure difference independently and concentrate the compression of the first and second fins. Ultimately, this achieves accurate testing of two independent samples in a single clamping, further improving the reliability, repeatability, and testing efficiency of the testing device.

[0034] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, wherein the support assembly further includes:

[0035] Support fins are provided in the receiving space.

[0036] By employing the above technical solution, support fins are installed within the containment space, with both ends of the support fins abutting against the first and second surfaces respectively. This provides uniformly distributed, high-density rigid support for the first and second shells. When the containment space is filled with pressurized medium, the slight deformation tendency of the first and second shells near the support fins under pressure differential is effectively suppressed by the support fins, ensuring that they approximate rigid walls. This design forces the shell wall away from the support assembly to bear the entire pressure differential alone and concentrates the compression of the first and second fins, avoiding the force dispersion problem caused by simultaneous deformation on both sides. This ensures that the tested fins become unstable under pure unilateral compressive load, thereby obtaining clear, reliable, and repeatable failure pressure data.

[0037] Meanwhile, this structure further simulates the actual operating conditions of a plate-fin heat exchanger. Specifically, the interior of the plate-fin heat exchanger features an alternating arrangement of "closed channels – baffles – open channels," with fins installed in both the closed channels (such as the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly) and the open channels (such as the support assembly). By incorporating support fins within the support assembly, this application realistically replicates the supporting effect of the fins on the baffles within the open channels of an actual heat exchanger, thus ensuring a high degree of consistency between the test environment and actual engineering conditions.

[0038] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, wherein a plurality of first water flow channels are formed between the first fin and the first shell, and the first water inlet and the first water outlet are both connected to the first water flow channels;

[0039] Multiple second water flow channels are formed between the second fin and the second shell, and the second water inlet and the second water outlet are both connected to the second water flow channels.

[0040] By employing the above technical solution, multiple first water flow channels connected to the first water inlet and the first water outlet are formed within the first enclosed space, and multiple second water flow channels connected to the second water inlet and the second water outlet are formed within the second enclosed space. This ensures that the liquid can uniformly and rapidly fill the entire enclosed space during the water injection step, effectively expelling internal air and avoiding uneven pressure transmission due to local cavitation. Simultaneously, when the shell walls of the first and second shells deform inward under the high pressure of the cavity, the incompressible liquid within these water flow channels can uniformly transmit pressure to all parts of the fins, subjecting the fins to a uniform compressive load in the thickness direction, thus avoiding abnormal failures caused by localized stress concentration or uneven stress. Furthermore, at the instant the fins become unstable and collapse, the volumes of the first and second enclosed spaces are drastically compressed, allowing the liquid within the first and second water flow channels to rapidly spray out from the corresponding first or second water outlet, forming a clear, intuitive, and zero-delay visual failure criterion, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test results.

[0041] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, wherein the pressurization assembly includes:

[0042] The first conduit has one end extending through the sealing cap into the cavity, and the other end located outside the cavity;

[0043] The second pipeline is spaced apart from the first pipeline, with one end extending through the sealing cap to the cavity and the other end located outside the cavity;

[0044] A pressurizing device is located at the other end of the first pipeline and outside the cavity;

[0045] A control valve is located at the other end of the second pipeline and outside the cavity.

[0046] By employing the above technical solution, and by setting up independently spaced first and second pipelines that pass through the sealing cover and extend into the cavity, the functions of pressurizing medium injection, cavity venting, pressure monitoring, and pressure relief are separated, effectively avoiding potential mutual interference when a single pipeline performs multiple functions simultaneously. Furthermore, by placing the pressurizing device at the end of the first pipeline for stable injection of pressurizing medium into the cavity, providing a controllable pressure source for testing, and the control valve at the end of the second pipeline, the open or closed state can be flexibly switched according to testing needs. Specifically, it opens during the water injection phase to expel air from the cavity, ensuring the cavity is filled with incompressible pressurizing medium. It closes during the pressurization test phase to maintain the cavity seal and establish a stable high-pressure environment; and it opens after the test to safely release residual pressure within the cavity, preventing high-pressure medium splashing and potential safety hazards. In summary, the pressurizing assembly provides a stable, controllable, and safe pressure environment for the testing device, while simultaneously realizing multiple functions such as venting, pressurizing, maintaining pressure, depressurizing, and pressure monitoring, further improving the operational convenience, safety, and accuracy of the test data.

[0047] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, further comprising:

[0048] A first pressure gauge is located at the other end of the first water outlet pipe and outside the cavity;

[0049] The second pressure gauge is located at the other end of the second water outlet pipe and outside the cavity.

[0050] By employing the above technical solution, independent measurement of the internal pressure of the first and second fin assemblies is achieved by installing a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge at the ends of the first and second water outlet pipes, respectively. Since the first and second water outlet pipes are connected to the first and second enclosed spaces, respectively, when the first or second fin experiences instability and collapse, the volume of the enclosed space is drastically compressed, causing an instantaneous increase in internal pressure that propels liquid out of the corresponding first or second water outlet pipe. At this time, the first or second pressure gauge can simultaneously capture this pressure surge signal, providing operators with an auxiliary criterion beyond simply observing the water jet. Furthermore, the two pressure gauges correspond to two independent test layers, allowing for separate recording of the pressure values ​​of the first and second fins during instability in a single clamping and two pressurization test, avoiding mutual interference. In addition, the first and second pressure gauges are located outside the cavity, facilitating observation and reading by the operator, and are far from the high-pressure cavity, improving the safety and convenience of the test.

[0051] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, further comprising:

[0052] A connecting plate is disposed between the mounting port and the sealing cover.

[0053] By adopting the above technical solution, a connecting plate is set between the mounting port and the sealing cover. When the sealing cover is tightly connected to the test device body, the connecting plate is pressed and fills the micro gap between the two, thereby significantly improving the sealing performance at the mounting port, effectively preventing the high-pressure pressurized medium in the cavity from leaking from the edge of the mounting port, and ensuring that the cavity can establish and maintain a stable and reliable high-pressure test environment.

[0054] For example, the sealing cover and the main body of the testing device are made of carbon steel, the connecting plate is made of aluminum, and the first water injection pipe, the first water outlet pipe, the second water injection pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the first pipeline, and the second pipeline are also made of aluminum. The connecting plate is provided with multiple through holes, and the first water injection pipe, the first water outlet pipe, the second water injection pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the first pipeline, and the second pipeline pass through the corresponding through holes and are welded to the connecting plate to achieve a fixed connection.

[0055] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, further comprising:

[0056] Multiple supports are spaced apart along the outer periphery of the test device body. One end of each support is connected to the outer surface of the test device body, and the other end extends along the height direction of the test device body to the bottom of the test device body.

[0057] By employing the above technical solution, multiple supports spaced along the outer perimeter provide multi-point, uniform support for the testing device body, effectively distributing the weight load generated by the device itself and the internal high-pressure medium, preventing tilting or instability due to excessive local stress. Furthermore, the other end of the supports extends beyond the bottom of the testing device body, suspending the entire device in the air. This facilitates pipe connections, pressure gauge observation, and disassembly / maintenance by operators, while also preventing wear or contamination that could result from direct contact between the device bottom and the ground. In addition, the spaced-out support structure is simple, easy to process and weld, and possesses good economic efficiency and manufacturability, making it suitable for widespread use in industrial testing environments.

[0058] According to another specific embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, wherein the sealing cover is provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals, and the through holes penetrate the sealing cover along the height direction of the sealing cover;

[0059] The other ends of the first water inlet pipe, the first water outlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the first pipeline, and the second pipeline all extend through the corresponding through holes to the outside of the cavity.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a testing method based on the testing apparatus described in any of the above embodiments, comprising:

[0061] Liquid is injected into the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly;

[0062] A pressurized medium is injected into the cavity, and the pressure inside the cavity is gradually increased;

[0063] When liquid flows out of the first or second outlet pipe of the pressurizing component, pressurization is stopped, and the current pressure value is recorded as the first failure pressure P1. The first failure pressure P1 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first or second fin assembly connected to the first or second outlet pipe from which the liquid flows out.

[0064] Continue pressurizing the cavity until liquid flows out of the other first or second water outlet pipe. Stop pressurizing and record the current pressure value as the second failure pressure P2. The second failure pressure P2 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first or second fin assembly connected to the first or second water outlet pipe from which the liquid flows out.

[0065] By employing the above technical solution, liquid is first injected into the first and second fin assemblies until the corresponding first and second enclosed spaces are filled with liquid. This ensures that the first and second enclosed spaces contain incompressible liquid media during the test, laying the foundation for subsequent pressure transmission and failure criterion formation. Then, a pressurizing medium is injected into the cavity and the pressure is gradually increased to simulate the real "external pressure greater than internal pressure" condition. When liquid flows out of the first or second outlet pipe, pressurization is stopped and the pressure value P1 is recorded. Liquid ejection serves as a direct, zero-delay failure criterion, avoiding potential misjudgments that might arise from indirect sensor-based judgments. Pressurization continues until liquid flows out of the other outlet pipe, and P2 is recorded. This achieves two independent tests with a single clamping, effectively improving testing efficiency and data reliability.

[0066] Meanwhile, P1 and P2 correspond to the ultimate bearing pressure of two independent fin assemblies, respectively, and can be used to calculate the average value or observe data deviations, providing reliable raw data for subsequent data processing and allowable stress calculation. In summary, this test method has the advantages of simple operation, intuitive failure criteria, accurate data acquisition, high testing efficiency, and good repeatability, providing a standardized test path for evaluating the external pressure bearing capacity of plate-fin heat exchanger fins. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Figure 1 A perspective view of a testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0068] Figure 2 A perspective view of some of the testing devices in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0069] Figure 3 Show Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0070] Figure 4 A perspective view of the fin assembly under test in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0071] Figure 5 Show Figure 4 Cross-section Figure 1 ;

[0072] Figure 6 Show Figure 4 Cross-section Figure 2 ;

[0073] Figure 7 A flowchart of the testing method in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0074] Figure label:

[0075] 1000 testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins;

[0076] The fin assembly to be tested is 100;

[0077] First fin assembly 110; first water inlet 111; first water outlet 112; first shell 113; first surface 1131; outer edge of the first surface 1132; first enclosed space 114; first water inlet pipe 115; first water outlet pipe 116; first fin 117;

[0078] Second fin assembly 120; second water inlet 121; second water outlet 122; second shell 123; second surface 1231; outer edge of the second surface 1232; second enclosed space 124; second water inlet pipe 125; second water outlet pipe 126; second fin 127;

[0079] Support component 130; communication port 131; side wall 132; accommodating space 133; support fins 134;

[0080] First water flow channel 141; Second water flow channel 142;

[0081] Test device body 200; mounting port 210; outer surface 220; bottom 230;

[0082] Sealing cap 300; Through hole 310;

[0083] Cavity 400; Inner wall 410; Gap 420;

[0084] Pressurization assembly 500; First pipeline 510; Second pipeline 520; Pressurization device 530; Control valve 540;

[0085] First pressure gauge 610; Second pressure gauge 620;

[0086] Connecting plate 700;

[0087] Bracket 800. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of the present invention is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of the invention are limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the invention in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of the present invention. To provide a deep understanding of the invention, many specific details will be included in the following description. The invention may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of the invention, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0089] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0090] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0091] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0092] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0093] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0094] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 This application provides a testing device 1000 for testing the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, including: a fin assembly to be tested 100, a testing device body 200, a sealing cover 300, a pressurizing assembly 500, a first pressure gauge 610, a second pressure gauge 620, a connecting plate 700, and three supports 800. The testing device body 200 has an installation port 210, and the sealing cover 300 is sealed to the installation port 210, forming a cavity 400 together with the testing device body 200. The sealing cover 300 has six through holes 310 spaced apart, each through hole 310 penetrating the sealing cover 300 along its height direction. The connecting plate 700 is located between the installation port 210 and the sealing cover 300 to fill the gap 420 between them, further achieving a seal between the installation port 210 and the sealing cover 300.

[0095] In some possible implementations, the number of through holes 310 includes, but is not limited to, six, and may be eight, ten, twelve, etc., depending on the number of the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120 of the fin assembly 100 to be tested. This application does not limit this.

[0096] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 In this embodiment, along the height direction, an elastic gasket (not shown in the figure) can also be provided between the sealing cover 300 and the connecting plate 700, and an elastic gasket (not shown in the figure) can also be provided between the connecting plate 700 and the test device body 200, so as to further achieve sealing.

[0097] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4In this embodiment, the fin assembly 100 to be tested includes: a first fin assembly 110, a second fin assembly 120, and a support assembly 130. The support assembly 130 is connected between the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120. The first fin assembly 110, the support assembly 130, and the second fin assembly 120 are connected along the thickness direction. Figure 4 (As shown in the X direction) are stacked and fixedly connected in sequence to maximize the external pressure bearing area of ​​the corresponding first fin 117 and second fin 127 in the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120.

[0098] In some possible implementations, the number of the first fin assembly 110, the second fin assembly 120, and the support assembly 130 may be one or more, depending on the testing requirements. It is sufficient that adjacent first fin assemblies 110 and second fin assemblies 120 are connected by the support assembly 130. For example, the fin assembly 100 under test may include two first fin assemblies 110, one second fin assembly 120, and two support assemblies 130, connected sequentially in the order of "first fin assembly 110—support assembly 130—second fin assembly 120—support assembly 130—first fin assembly 110". Alternatively, the fin assembly 100 under test may be cyclically expanded in the manner of "first fin assembly 110—support assembly 130—second fin assembly 120—support assembly 130—first fin assembly 110—support assembly 130—second fin assembly 120" to obtain multiple sets of failure data in a single test. This application does not limit this implementation.

[0099] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 In this embodiment, the first fin assembly 110 includes: a first housing 113, a first water inlet pipe 115, a first water outlet pipe 116, and first fins 117. The first housing 113 is disposed within the cavity 400, and a first enclosed space 114 is provided within the first housing 113. The first enclosed space 114 is isolated from the cavity 400 so that the pressure within the first enclosed space 114 is independent of the pressure within the cavity 400. The first housing 113 also has a first water inlet 111 and a first water outlet 112, which are spaced apart along the height direction of the first housing 113. Figure 5Located on the side of the first housing 113 near the sealing cover 300 (in the Z direction), the first water inlet 111 and the first water outlet 112 are both connected to the first enclosed space 114. The first water inlet 111 is used to inject liquid (e.g., water) into the first enclosed space 114, and the first water outlet 112 is used to allow the liquid in the first enclosed space 114 to flow out. Specifically, one end of the first water inlet pipe 115 is connected to the first water inlet 111, and the other end of the first water inlet pipe 115 extends through the connecting plate 700 and the corresponding through hole 310 to the outside of the cavity 400. The first water inlet pipe 115 is welded to the connecting plate 700 and passes through the corresponding through hole 310. One end of the first water outlet pipe 116 is connected to the first water outlet 112, and the other end of the first water outlet pipe 116 extends through the connecting plate 700 and the corresponding through hole 310 to the outside of the cavity 400. The first water outlet pipe 116 is welded to the connecting plate 700 and passes through the corresponding through hole 310. This allows liquid to be injected into or discharged from the first enclosed space 114 outside the cavity 400 without opening the sealing cover 300. The first fin 117 is a corrugated plate structure along the thickness direction. The first fin 117 is disposed in the first enclosed space 114, and the first fin 117 is fixedly connected to the inner wall 410 of the first housing 113 by brazing. The first housing 113 has a first surface 1131. Along the thickness direction, the first surface 1131 is located on the side of the first housing 113 closer to the support assembly 130, and the first surface 1131 is parallel to the extension direction of the first fin 117.

[0100] In some possible implementations, the positions of the first water inlet 111 and the first water outlet 112 include, but are not limited to, being located on the upper side of the first housing 113, or on the left, right, or side of the first housing 113, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0101] It should be noted that the composition of the first fin assembly 110 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, the first fin assembly 110 may not include the first water inlet pipe 115 and the first water outlet pipe 116, as long as the first water inlet 111 and the first water outlet 112 can be connected to the outside of the cavity 400. For example, the first water inlet 111 and the first water outlet 112 can be extended directly through the sealing cover 300; or connected by a flexible hose; or a communication channel can be provided inside the sealing cover 300, etc.

[0102] For example, the first housing 113 includes two partitions and four seals. The two partitions are spaced apart along the thickness direction, and the four seals are brazed between the two partitions along the edges of the partitions. The two partitions and the multiple seals together enclose a first enclosed space 114. A first fin 117 is disposed in the first enclosed space 114, and along the thickness direction, the first fin 117 is brazed to the two partitions respectively.

[0103] In this embodiment, the second fin assembly 120 includes: a second housing 123, a second water inlet pipe 125, a second water outlet pipe 126, and a second fin 127. The composition of the second fin assembly 120 is basically the same as that of the first fin assembly 110. The second housing 123 is disposed within the cavity 400, and a second enclosed space 124 is provided within the second housing 123. The second enclosed space 124 is isolated from the cavity 400 so that the pressure within the second enclosed space 124 is independent of the pressure within the cavity 400. The second housing 123 is also provided with a second water inlet 121 and a second water outlet 122. The second water inlet 121 and the second water outlet 122 are spaced apart on the side of the second housing 123 along the height direction near the sealing cover 300, that is, on the upper side of the second housing 123. The second water inlet 121 and the second water outlet 122 are connected to the second enclosed space 124. The second water inlet 121 is used to inject liquid into the second enclosed space 124, and the second water outlet 122 is used to allow the liquid in the second enclosed space 124 to flow out. Specifically, one end of the second water inlet pipe 125 is connected to the second water inlet 121, and the other end of the second water inlet pipe 125 extends through the connecting plate 700 and the corresponding through hole 310 to the outside of the cavity 400. The second water inlet pipe 125 is welded to the connecting plate 700 and passes through the corresponding through hole 310. One end of the second water outlet pipe 126 is connected to the second water outlet 122, and the other end of the second water outlet pipe 126 extends through the connecting plate 700 and the corresponding through hole 310 to the outside of the cavity 400. The second water outlet pipe 126 is welded to the connecting plate 700 and passes through the corresponding through hole 310. This allows liquid to be injected into or discharged from the second enclosed space 124 outside the cavity 400 without opening the sealing cover 300. In other words, the first water inlet 111, the first water outlet 112, the second water inlet 121, and the second water outlet 122 all extend through the sealing cover 300 to the outside of the cavity 400, so that the interiors of the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120 are respectively formed as enclosed spaces isolated from the cavity 400. The structure of the second fin 127 is the same as that of the first fin 117, which is a corrugated plate-like structure along the thickness direction. The second fin 127 is disposed in the second enclosed space 124, and the second fin 127 is fixedly connected to the inner wall 410 of the second housing 123 by brazing. The second housing 123 has a second surface 1231. Along the thickness direction, the second surface 1231 is located on the side of the second housing 123 near the support assembly 130, and the second surface 1231 is parallel to the extending direction of the second fin 127.

[0104] In some possible implementations, the positions of the second water inlet 121 and the second water outlet 122 include, but are not limited to, being located on the upper side of the second housing 123, or on the left, right, or side of the second housing 123, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0105] For example, the composition of the second fin assembly 120 and the composition of the second housing 123 are the same as those of the first fin assembly 110 and the first housing 113 described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0106] In this embodiment, a first pressure gauge 610 is located at the other end of the first water outlet pipe 116 and outside the cavity 400, and is used to measure the pressure of the first water outlet pipe 116. A second pressure gauge 620 is located at the other end of the second water outlet pipe 126 and outside the cavity 400, and is used to measure the pressure of the second water outlet pipe 126.

[0107] In some possible implementations, the device for measuring the pressure of the first water outlet pipe 116 and the second water outlet pipe 126 includes, but is not limited to, the first pressure gauge 610 and the second pressure gauge 620, and may also be other devices with pressure measurement functions. For example, pressure sensors, digital pressure gauges, pressure transmitters, or data acquisition systems with pressure measurement functions, etc., are not limited in this application.

[0108] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 In this embodiment, a plurality of first water flow channels 141 are formed between the first fin 117 and the first housing 113, and the first water inlet 111 and the first water outlet 112 are both connected to the first water flow channels 141. Exemplarily, the first fin 117 is corrugated, and along the width direction of the first fin 117 (… Figure 6 (As shown in the Y direction) Interlaced protrusions are formed, and a first water flow channel 141 is formed between the protrusions on one side of the first fin 117. Multiple second water flow channels 142 are formed between the second fin 127 and the second shell 123. The second water inlet 121 and the second water outlet 122 are both connected to the second water flow channels 142. The formation method of the second water flow channels 142 is the same as that of the first water flow channels 141, and will not be described in detail here.

[0109] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and combined Figure 3In this embodiment, the support assembly 130 is disposed within the cavity 400. The support assembly 130 includes a sidewall 132 and a support fin 134. The sidewall 132 has an annular structure, extending from the outer edge 1132 of the first surface along the thickness direction to the outer edge 1232 of the second surface. Together with the first surface 1131 and the second surface 1231, the sidewall 132 forms a receiving space 133 for accommodating the support fin 134 and the pressurizing medium of the cavity 400. The support fin 134 is disposed in the receiving space 133. The outer edge of the support fin 134 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sidewall 132 by brazing, and along the thickness direction, the support fin 134 abuts against the first surface 1131 and the second surface 1231. The side wall 132 is provided with two connecting ports 131. The two connecting ports 131 are arranged opposite each other along the width direction and are located on the left and right sides of the side wall 132 respectively. Both connecting ports 131 penetrate the side wall 132 along the width direction and are connected to the accommodating space 133 and the cavity 400 respectively.

[0110] In some possible implementations, the number of connecting ports 131 includes, but is not limited to, two, and may be one, three, four, eight, or more; the location of the connecting ports 131 includes, but is not limited to, being located on the left and right sides of the side wall 132, and may also be located on the upper or lower side of the side wall 132, etc., and the implementation of this application does not limit this.

[0111] In some possible implementations, the sidewall 132 is formed by four seals connected end to end by brazing to form a ring structure, and the four seals together enclose a receiving space 133. Support fins 134 are disposed within the receiving space 133, and along the thickness direction, the support fins 134 are brazed to the first surface 1131 and the second surface 1231 respectively.

[0112] Specifically, by forming the interiors of the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120 into closed spaces isolated from the cavity 400, and connecting the support assembly 130 to the cavity 400, a realistic pressure difference environment of "high pressure on the outside and normal pressure on the inside" is created when the cavity 400 is pressurized. This accurately simulates the actual stress state of the plate-fin heat exchanger under immersion or vacuum cold box conditions, where "external pressure is greater than internal pressure." This design not only fills the technical gap in the industry regarding the lack of a standard testing method for the allowable external pressure stress of fins, but also overcomes the fundamental problem that direct mechanical calculations cannot be performed due to the small and complex structure of the fins. Furthermore, through the symmetrically arranged first fin assembly 110 and second fin assembly 120, this testing device can obtain two independent failure pressure data points during a single clamping and pressurization test, corresponding to the external pressure ultimate bearing capacity of the first fin 117 and the second fin 127, respectively. This not only enables simultaneous testing of two samples from the same batch, but also allows for the assessment of the consistency of fin and brazing quality by comparing the numerical differences between the two failure pressure data, effectively avoiding the random errors that may arise from single-sample testing. Furthermore, the testing device can simultaneously determine the external pressure bearing capacity of the first and second fin assemblies in a single measurement, improving testing efficiency.

[0113] Combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 In this embodiment, the pressurizing assembly 500 is connected to the cavity 400, and gaps 420 are provided between the first housing 113, the second housing 123, and the side wall 132 and the inner wall 410 of the cavity 400. The pressurizing assembly 500 is used to inject a pressurizing medium into the gaps 420 and the receiving space 133. For example, the pressurizing medium may be water, oil, gas, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, or a combination thereof.

[0114] In this embodiment, the pressurizing assembly 500 includes: a first pipe 510, a second pipe 520, a pressurizing device 530, and a control valve 540. One end of the first pipe 510 extends through a corresponding through hole 310 to the cavity 400. Specifically, one end of the first pipe 510 is located between the first housing 113 and the inner wall 410 of the cavity 400, and the other end of the first pipe 510 is located outside the cavity 400. The second pipe 520 is spaced apart from the first pipe 510, and one end of the second pipe 520 extends through a corresponding through hole 310 to the cavity 400. Specifically, one end of the second pipe 520 is located between the second housing 123 and the inner wall 410 of the cavity 400, and the other end is located outside the cavity 400. The pressurizing device 530 is located at the other end of the first pipe 510 and outside the cavity 400, and is used to inject pressurizing medium into the cavity 400 through the first pipe 510 and establish pressure. The control valve 540 is located at the other end of the second pipeline 520 and outside the cavity 400. It is used to open during water injection to discharge gas from the cavity 400, close during pressure testing to maintain the seal of the cavity 400, and open after the test to release the pressure inside the cavity 400.

[0115] In some possible implementations, one end of the first pipe 510 may be located above or below the fin assembly 100 to be tested, or between the second housing 123 and the inner wall 410 of the cavity 400; one end of the second pipe 520 may also be located above or below the fin assembly 100 to be tested, or between the first housing 113 and the inner wall 410 of the cavity 400, as long as the first pipe 510 can introduce pressurized medium into the cavity 400 and the second pipe 520 can discharge gas from the cavity 400, the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0116] It should be noted that the type of control valve 540 in this application is not limited, as long as it can perform opening, closing, and pressure relief functions. For example, the control valve 540 can be any one of a gate valve, ball valve, needle valve, solenoid valve, or pressure relief valve. The type of pressurizing device 530 in this application is not limited, as long as it can inject pressurizing medium into the cavity 400 and establish the required pressure. For example, the pressurizing device 530 can be any one of a hydraulic pump, pneumatic pump, booster pump, manual pressure testing pump, or electric pressure testing pump.

[0117] In this embodiment, part of the test device body 200 is cylindrical, and three supports 800 are spaced apart along the outer periphery of the test device body 200. Each support 800 has a plate-like structure. One end of each support 800 is connected to the outer surface 220 of the test device body 200, and the other end of the support 800 is a plane for contacting the ground. The other end of the support 800 extends along the height direction (i.e., the height direction Z) of the test device body 200 to the bottom 230 of the test device body 200.

[0118] The specific installation method of the testing device is as follows: First, the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120 are fixedly connected by the support assembly 130 to form an integral fin assembly 100 to be tested. Then, the connecting plate 700 is placed at the mounting port 210 of the testing device body 200. The connecting plate 700 has multiple through holes (not shown in the figure), so that one end of the first water injection pipe 115 and the first water outlet pipe 116, and one end of the second water injection pipe 125 and the second water outlet pipe 126 pass through the corresponding through holes on the sealing cover 300, and the first water injection pipe 115, the first water outlet pipe 116, the second water injection pipe 125, and the second water outlet pipe 126 are welded to the connecting plate 700 at the through holes. At the same time, the first pipe 510 and the second pipe 520 pass through the corresponding through holes on the sealing cover 300 and are welded to the connecting plate 700 at the through holes. Next, the fin assembly 100 to be tested is connected to the sealing cover 300, so that the ends of the first water injection pipe 115 and the first water outlet pipe 116, as well as the ends of the second water injection pipe 125 and the second water outlet pipe 126, pass through the corresponding through holes 310 on the sealing cover 300, and the first water injection pipe 115, the first water outlet pipe 116, the second water injection pipe 125, and the second water outlet pipe 126 are respectively sealed and connected to the through holes 310 of the sealing cover 300. At the same time, the first pipe 510 and the second pipe 520 pass through the corresponding through holes 310 on the sealing cover 300 and are sealed and connected to the sealing cover 300. The sealing cover 300 is fastened to the mounting port 210 with bolts, and the connecting plate 700 is located between the sealing cover 300 and the test device body 200, so that the sealing cover 300 and the test device body 200 together enclose a cavity 400. Finally, a pressurizing device 530 is installed at the end of the first pipeline 510, a control valve 540 is installed at the end of the second pipeline 520, and a first pressure gauge 610 and a second pressure gauge 620 are installed at the end of the first outlet pipe 116 and the end of the second outlet pipe 126, respectively.

[0119] In some possible implementations, the connection between the mounting port 210 and the sealing cover 300 may include, but is not limited to, bolt connection, clamp connection, threaded connection, quick clamp connection or hydraulic locking connection, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0120] refer to Figure 7This application provides a testing method that applies the testing apparatus in any of the above embodiments, comprising:

[0121] S100: Inject liquid into the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120.

[0122] For example, liquid is injected into the first enclosed space 114 through the first water injection pipe 115 of the first fin assembly 110, filling multiple first water flow channels 141 until liquid continuously flows out from the first outlet 112, indicating that the first enclosed space 114 is full of liquid. At this point, the injection of liquid into the first enclosed space 114 is stopped. Simultaneously, liquid is injected into the second enclosed space 124 through the second water injection pipe 125 of the second fin assembly 120, filling multiple second water flow channels 142 until liquid continuously flows out from the second outlet 122, indicating that the second enclosed space 124 is full of liquid. At this point, the injection of liquid into the second enclosed space 124 is stopped. Specifically, the pressure P3 for injecting liquid into the first enclosed space 114 and the second enclosed space 124 is 1.6 MPa. This pressure is used to simulate the rated operating pressure of the medium inside the fin assembly of the aluminum plate-fin heat exchanger during actual operation.

[0123] In some possible implementations, the pressure P3 is not limited to 1.6MPa, but can be 0.5MPa, 1.2MPa, 1.7MPa or 9.0MPa, as long as 0.5MPa≤P3≤9.0MPa is satisfied. The implementation of this application does not limit this.

[0124] S200: Inject pressurized medium into cavity 400 and gradually increase the pressure inside cavity 400.

[0125] For example, open the control valve 540 at the end of the second pipe 520 of the pressurizing assembly 500, start the pressurizing device 530, and slowly inject pressurizing medium into the cavity 400 through the first pipe 510. At this time, the air in the cavity 400 is discharged from the control valve 540 through the second pipe 520. Observe the outlet of the control valve 540 until a continuous flow of water is seen, indicating that the air in the cavity 400 has been expelled, and then close the control valve 540. Continue to start the pressurizing device 530 to pressurize the cavity 400 at a rate of approximately 0.2 MPa / s.

[0126] It should be noted that the implementation of this application does not limit the rate of pressurization into the cavity 400, which can be 0.05MPa / s, 0.1MPa / s, 0.3MPa / s or 0.5MPa / s, etc., and can be set according to the actual situation.

[0127] S300: When liquid flows out of the first outlet pipe 116 or the second outlet pipe 126, stop pressurizing and record the current pressure value as the first failure pressure P1. The first failure pressure P1 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first fin assembly 110 or the second fin assembly 120 connected to the first outlet pipe 116 or the second outlet pipe 126 where the liquid flows out.

[0128] For example, as the pressurizing device 530 continuously pressurizes the cavity 400, when liquid flows out of the first outlet pipe 116, the current pressure value P1 is measured to be 5MPa by the first pressure gauge 610 installed at the end of the first outlet pipe 116. This indicates that the first fin 117 in the first fin assembly 110 has undergone unstable deformation. P1 is the first failure pressure and also the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first fin assembly 110.

[0129] S400: Continue pressurizing the cavity 400 until liquid flows out of the other first outlet pipe 116 or the second outlet pipe 126. Stop pressurizing and record the current pressure value as the second failure pressure P2. The second failure pressure P2 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first fin assembly 110 or the second fin assembly 120 connected to the first outlet pipe 116 or the second outlet pipe 126 where the liquid flows out.

[0130] For example, the pressurizing device 530 continues to pressurize the cavity 400. When liquid flows out of the second outlet pipe 126, the current pressure value P2 is measured to be 5.06 MPa by the second pressure gauge 620 installed at the end of the second outlet pipe 126. This indicates that the second fin 127 in the second fin assembly 120 has undergone unstable deformation. P2 is the second failure pressure and also the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the second fin assembly 120.

[0131] In summary, this testing method first injects liquid into the first fin assembly 110 and the second fin assembly 120 until the corresponding first closed space 114 and second closed space 124 are filled with liquid, ensuring that the first closed space 114 and second closed space 124 contain incompressible liquid media during the test, laying the foundation for subsequent pressure transmission and failure criterion formation. Then, a pressurizing medium is injected into the cavity 400 and the pressure is gradually increased to simulate the real "external pressure greater than internal pressure" working condition. When liquid flows out of the first outlet pipe 116 or the second outlet pipe 126, the pressurization is stopped and the pressure value P1 is recorded. The liquid ejection is used as an intuitive, zero-delay failure criterion, avoiding possible misjudgments caused by indirect judgment relying on sensors. Pressurization continues until liquid flows out of the other outlet pipe and the pressure value P2 is recorded, realizing two independent tests with a single clamping, effectively improving testing efficiency and data reliability.

[0132] For example, since there are currently no specific standards for the allowable external pressure stress of fins, both domestically and internationally, this method refers to the principles for determining the allowable internal pressure stress in ASME BPVC VIII Div.1 §UG-101. The maximum allowable external pressure stress for this fin specification is obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of all measured failure pressure values ​​and dividing it by a safety factor of 4.

[0133] While the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the invention to these descriptions. Various changes in form and detail can be made by those skilled in the art, including several simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins, characterized in that, include: The fin assembly to be tested includes: The first fin assembly has a first water inlet and a first water outlet; The second fin assembly has a second water inlet and a second water outlet; A support assembly is connected between the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly, and the support assembly is provided with a communication port; The testing device body is equipped with an installation port; A sealing cap is sealed to the mounting port, and the sealing cap and the test device body together form a cavity; a portion of the fin assembly to be tested is disposed in the cavity, and a gap is provided between the portion of the fin assembly to be tested and the inner wall of the cavity; the cavity is connected to the interior of the support assembly through the communication port; A pressurizing component, connected to the cavity, is used to inject a pressurizing medium into the gap and the interior of the support component; The first water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water inlet, and the second water outlet all extend through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity, so that the interiors of the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly are respectively formed as closed spaces isolated from the cavity.

2. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first fin assembly includes: A first housing is disposed within the cavity. The first housing has a first enclosed space. The first housing also has a first water inlet and a first water outlet, both of which are connected to the first enclosed space. The first housing has a first surface along the thickness direction of the fin assembly to be tested, and the first surface is located on the side of the first housing closer to the support assembly. The first water inlet pipe has one end connected to the first water inlet and the other end extending through the sealing cap to the outside of the cavity. The first water outlet pipe has one end connected to the first water outlet, and the other end extends through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity; The first fin is disposed in the first enclosed space; The second fin assembly includes: A second housing is disposed within the cavity, and a second enclosed space is provided inside the second housing. The second housing also has a second water inlet and a second water outlet, which are connected to the second enclosed space. The second housing has a second surface, which is located on the side of the second housing closer to the support assembly along the thickness direction. The second water inlet pipe has one end connected to the second water inlet and the other end extending through the sealing cap to the outside of the cavity. The second water outlet pipe has one end connected to the second water outlet, and the other end extends through the sealing cover to the outside of the cavity. The second fin is located in the second enclosed space; The support assembly is disposed within the cavity, and the support assembly includes: The sidewall extends from the outer edge of the first surface along the thickness direction to the outer edge of the second surface, and together with the first surface and the second surface, forms an accommodating space; the sidewall is provided with a communication opening, which is connected to the accommodating space and the cavity respectively.

3. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The support components also include: Support fins are provided in the receiving space.

4. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple first water flow channels are formed between the first fin and the first shell, and the first water inlet and the first water outlet are both connected to the first water flow channels. Multiple second water flow channels are formed between the second fin and the second shell, and the second water inlet and the second water outlet are both connected to the second water flow channels.

5. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pressurization component includes: The first conduit has one end extending through the sealing cap into the cavity, and the other end located outside the cavity; The second pipeline is spaced apart from the first pipeline, with one end extending through the sealing cap to the cavity and the other end located outside the cavity; A pressurizing device is located at the other end of the first pipeline and outside the cavity; A control valve is located at the other end of the second pipeline and outside the cavity.

6. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A first pressure gauge is located at the other end of the first water outlet pipe and outside the cavity; The second pressure gauge is located at the other end of the second water outlet pipe and outside the cavity.

7. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A connecting plate is disposed between the mounting port and the sealing cover.

8. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple supports are spaced apart along the outer periphery of the test device body. One end of each support is connected to the outer surface of the test device body, and the other end extends along the height direction of the test device body to the bottom of the test device body.

9. The testing device for the external pressure bearing capacity of fins as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The sealing cover is provided with a plurality of through holes at intervals, and the through holes penetrate the sealing cover along the height direction of the sealing cover; The other ends of the first water inlet pipe, the first water outlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the first pipeline, and the second pipeline all extend through the corresponding through holes to the outside of the cavity.

10. A testing method using the testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Liquid is injected into the first fin assembly and the second fin assembly; A pressurized medium is injected into the cavity, and the pressure inside the cavity is gradually increased; When liquid flows out of the first outlet pipe or the second outlet pipe of the pressurizing component, pressurization is stopped, and the current pressure value is recorded as the first failure pressure P1. The first failure pressure P1 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first fin assembly or the second fin assembly connected to the first outlet pipe or the second outlet pipe from which the liquid flows out. Continue pressurizing the cavity until liquid flows out of the other first or second water outlet pipe. Stop pressurizing and record the current pressure value as the second failure pressure P2. The second failure pressure P2 is the external pressure limit bearing pressure of the first or second fin assembly connected to the first or second water outlet pipe from which the liquid flows out.

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