Active NFC-based non-contact material transportation data acquisition and protection system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of active NFC-based touchless material transportation data acquisition and protection system, it is related to logistics monitoring equipment technical field, including monitoring host module, active NFC module and waterproof and installation structure module;Wherein, monitoring host module includes the transport monitoring host (100) being set in the shell inside, acceleration sensor module (101), storage module (104) and power module (105) are integrated in transport monitoring host (100) micro-control unit MCU (102), monitoring host module is used to collect vibration, impact and inclination data in the process of material transportation and the data is locally stored and managed, active NFC module is integrated in the inside of transport monitoring host in the application and cooperates with wave-transparent waterproof structure, task creation, equipment automatic identification, touchless firmware upgrade, real-time data viewing and historical data export are all transferred to mobile phone NFC radio frequency link, under the condition of maintaining IP67 waterproof level, touchless interaction of whole process of material transportation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of logistics monitoring equipment technology, specifically to a contactless material transportation data collection and protection system based on active NFC. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the fields of large-scale power material transportation and large-scale express logistics, such as transformers, GIS switches, wind turbine blades, and chemical pipes, there are strict requirements for vibration, impact, and tilt angle during transportation. As a result, offline monitoring devices for material transportation are widely used.

[0003] While current offline monitoring devices for material transportation can effectively monitor vibration, impact, and tilt angle, their hardware structures mostly rely on wired interfaces (such as USB) for data exchange, lacking wireless communication modules. This necessitates frequent disassembly of sealed components during operation, affecting the device's waterproof performance. Specific defects are as follows: 1. Task creation requires a wired connection to a computer device, lacking a wireless interaction hardware module, making the process cumbersome; 2. Device numbers must be manually read from physical tags, lacking automatic identification hardware components, and manual transcription is prone to errors; 3. Firmware upgrades only support USB flash drive interfaces, and the sealed structure is incompatible with wired interfaces, requiring the removal of seals and compromising waterproofing; 4. The device lacks wireless communication hardware, making it impossible to read transportation data in real time without disassembling the sealed structure; 5. Data export relies on an external USB flash drive interface, lacking a wireless transmission module, requiring additional storage devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a contactless material transportation data collection and protection system based on active NFC to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC, including a monitoring host module, an active NFC module, and a waterproof and installation structure module; The monitoring host module includes a transportation monitoring host (100) installed inside the housing. The transportation monitoring host (100) integrates a microcontroller unit (MCU) (102), an acceleration sensor module (101), a storage module (104), and a power supply module (105). The monitoring host module is used to collect vibration, impact, and tilt angle data during the transportation of materials and to store and manage the data locally. The active NFC module includes an active NFC module (103) installed in the transportation monitoring host (100). The active NFC module (103) is electrically connected to the MCU (102) via a bus. The active NFC module is used to establish a radio frequency communication link with an external mobile phone NFC terminal and complete task creation, device identification, firmware upgrade and monitoring data interaction without opening the flip cover of the waterproof shell. The waterproof and installation structure module includes a housing that accommodates the transport monitoring host (100), a silicone sealing ring (106) disposed at the joint of the housing, and a wave-transparent window (107) disposed on the surface of the housing. The waterproof and installation structure module is used to enable the radio frequency antenna of the active NFC module (103) to penetrate the housing to achieve reliable radio frequency communication while ensuring that the housing as a whole reaches a predetermined waterproof level.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the monitoring host module includes: The MCU control submodule is composed of an MCU (102) and is used to uniformly schedule and control the accelerometer module (101), the storage module (104), the power supply module (105) and the active NFC module (103) and manage and monitor the task status according to the task instructions. An acceleration sensor submodule, which is composed of an acceleration sensor module (101), is used to sample the triaxial vibration, impact and tilt angle changes generated during transportation within a preset sampling period and send the sampled data to the MCU (102) via a bus. The storage submodule is composed of a storage module (104) and is used to store the monitoring data forwarded by the MCU (102) and the firmware upgrade package in the order of task time. It supports the cyclic overwriting or appending of historical task data. The power management submodule is composed of a power module (105). The power module (105) includes an LDO voltage regulator chip, which is used to provide a stable operating voltage to the MCU (102), the active NFC module (103), the accelerometer module (101), and the storage module (104) and to provide overvoltage and undervoltage protection for the input power supply. The active NFC module includes: The radio frequency antenna submodule is composed of a flexible PCB radio frequency antenna (1031). The radio frequency antenna (1031) is arranged on the inner surface of the housing near the wave-transparent window (107) and is used to receive and transmit 13.56MHz radio frequency signals when the mobile phone NFC terminal is close. The NFC chip submodule is composed of an NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) is connected to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through pins and to the MCU (102) through a bus. It is used to demodulate the radio frequency signal from the mobile phone NFC terminal, parse the task instruction and device number, and send the parsing result to the MCU (102). At the same time, it repackages the data output by the MCU (102) into radio frequency data and sends it to the mobile phone NFC terminal. The plug-in fixing submodule consists of a gold finger slot (1011) and a corresponding gold finger terminal set on the motherboard, which is used to fix the active NFC module (103) in a pluggable manner at a designated position on the motherboard and realize a reliable electrical connection between the active NFC module (103) and the motherboard. The waterproofing and installation structure modules include: The housing structure submodule includes an upper housing and a lower housing, which together form a three-dimensional cavity for accommodating the transport monitoring host (100) and the active NFC module (103) and providing mechanical protection for external installation; The wave-transparent window submodule is composed of a wave-transparent window (107) disposed on the surface of the housing. The wave-transparent window (107) is embedded with a wave-transparent film, which is used to provide a signal emission path for the radio frequency antenna (1031) and reduce the attenuation of the NFC radio frequency signal by the housing while keeping the housing sealed. A sealing ring module, which consists of a silicone sealing ring (106) arranged at the joint of the housing, is used to form a continuous sealing interface after the upper housing and the lower housing are assembled to improve the waterproof rating of the housing. The welding and fixing submodule consists of an ultrasonic welding structure arranged at the joint of the shell, which is used to fix the upper shell and the lower shell by ultrasonic welding after assembly, so that the shell maintains stable sealing performance during long-term transportation.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the working method of this system is as follows: Step S1, Task initialization and device authentication steps: The mobile NFC terminal approaches the transparent window (107) and establishes an RF communication link with the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) completes the device number parsing and the task creation request is reported to the MCU (102), thereby completing the device identity confirmation and monitoring task initialization in the device sealed state. Step S2, Transportation Status Monitoring and Data Storage Step: After the task is activated, the MCU (102) controls the acceleration sensor module (101) to continuously collect vibration, impact and tilt data according to the preset sampling strategy, and writes the collected data into the storage module (104) in chronological order to form the historical data record of the corresponding task. Step S3, contactless firmware upgrade step: when the device is in a sealed state, the mobile NFC terminal sends a firmware upgrade command to the active NFC module (103) and downloads the firmware upgrade package. The active NFC module (103) writes the firmware data into the designated area of ​​the storage module (104). Then, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the storage module (104) according to the upgrade process and completes the verification and firmware replacement. Step S4, real-time data viewing step: When the transport personnel need to view the current vibration and impact status during the transportation process, they establish an RF link with the active NFC module (103) through the mobile NFC terminal. The active NFC module (103) reads the recently collected data in the MCU (102) cache and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the RF link to achieve real-time display. Step S5, historical data export step after the task ends. After the transportation ends, the mobile NFC terminal sends a data export command to the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) sequentially reads the historical data within the task period from the storage module (104) and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the radio frequency link. The mobile terminal completes the data encryption and upload to the server.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, step S1 specifically includes step S1-1: In step S1-1, the mobile NFC terminal sends a device authentication request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) located near the transparent window (107) at a radio frequency carrier frequency of 13.56MHz. Here, 13.56MHz is the radio frequency carrier frequency used in the NFC communication standard to ensure protocol compatibility between the mobile NFC terminal and the active NFC module (103). After receiving the device authentication request, the radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) demodulates the radio frequency signal and parses out the device number and... The task parameters are obtained by parsing the device number and the task parameters and sending them to the MCU (102) via the SPI bus. The SPI bus is a serial peripheral interface bus used for high-speed full-duplex data transmission between the active NFC module (103) and the MCU (102). After receiving the device number, the MCU (102) performs identity verification according to the pre-stored whitelist. When the verification is successful, the corresponding task identifier and the initial task status are written into the storage module (104) and the task creation success information is returned, so as to complete the device authentication and task initialization without disassembling the shell.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, step S2 specifically includes step S2-1: Step S2-1: When the task is active, the MCU (102) controls the accelerometer module (101) to continuously sample the acceleration in the three-axis direction according to the preset sampling period. The accelerometer module (101) outputs three-axis acceleration data including vibration characteristics and impact characteristics in each sampling period. The acceleration data is transmitted to the MCU (102) through the I2C bus, where the I2C bus is a two-wire serial bus used to transmit instructions and sampling data between the MCU (102) and the accelerometer module (101). After receiving the three-axis acceleration data, the MCU (102) adds a timestamp and task identifier to each group of data and packages them in chronological order. The packaged data is written to the storage module (104) through the SPI interface. The storage module (104) adopts a circular buffer structure to overwrite the historical data that exceeds the capacity, so as to ensure continuous recording of vibration and impact status in long-term transportation scenarios.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, step S3 specifically includes step S3-1: Step S3-1: The mobile NFC terminal first downloads a firmware upgrade package matching the current device model from the server. After the firmware upgrade package completes integrity verification on the mobile phone, it is sent to the active NFC module (103) in segments via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After the radio frequency antenna (1031) receives the firmware data, the NFC chip (1032) performs protocol parsing and writes it into the firmware buffer of the storage module (104) in the order of the predetermined address via the SPI bus. The firmware buffer is a reserved continuous storage segment in the storage module (104). After all the firmware data is written, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the firmware buffer, performs verification and detection on the firmware data and version number verification. When the verification is successful, the new firmware is written into the program storage area and the device is started from the new firmware on the next power-on. During the entire firmware upgrade process, the shell is kept sealed by the silicone sealing ring (106) and the ultrasonic welding structure, so that the device continues to meet the IP67 waterproof rating before and after the firmware upgrade. IP67 is the rating of the shell's protection capability in a specified water depth and dust environment.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, step S4 specifically includes step S4-1: Step S4-1: When the transport personnel need to check the current transport status, they bring the mobile NFC terminal close to the transparent window (107). The mobile NFC terminal sends a real-time data request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). After parsing the request, the NFC chip (1032) sends a real-time data read instruction to the MCU (102) through the SPI bus. The MCU (102) extracts the sampling data of the accelerometer module (101) from its internal cache in the most recent period and performs necessary compression or extraction processing. The processed data is then transmitted to the NFC chip (1032) through the SPI bus. (1032) After modulation, the signal is returned to the mobile phone NFC terminal via the radio frequency antenna (1031); a 0.3mm thick translucent film is set at the translucent window (107). The translucent film material can be PTFE material or PET material. The signal transmittance of the translucent film in the 13.56MHz radio frequency band is not less than 85%. 0.3mm is the physical thickness parameter of the translucent film, and 85% is the lower limit of the power transmission ratio of the radio frequency signal after passing through the translucent film in this frequency band. Through the above structural configuration, the end-to-end transmission delay of the real-time data received by the mobile phone terminal does not exceed 500ms. 500ms is the maximum allowable data transmission delay, thereby ensuring that the transportation personnel can view the vibration and impact state curves in near real-time on site.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, step S5 specifically includes step S5-1: Step S5-1: After the transportation task is completed, the mobile NFC terminal selects the task record to be exported through the user interface and sends a historical data export command to the active NFC module (103). After receiving the command, the active NFC module (103) controls the storage module (104) through the SPI bus to read all the monitoring data in the corresponding task cycle in the order from the start address to the end address according to the task identifier. The read data is packaged into multiple data frames and transmitted to the mobile NFC terminal via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After receiving all the data frames, the mobile NFC terminal performs verification and unpacking operations on the historical data, and completes encrypted storage and wireless upload to the server locally. The data export process increases the amount of data that can be completed per unit time by about 80% compared with the method of exporting through the USB flash drive interface. The 80% is the export efficiency improvement ratio obtained under the same task data volume conditions. The above contactless data export scheme reduces the dependence on computers and external storage devices on site. At the same time, there is no need to disassemble the shell during the data export process. The silicone sealing ring (106) and ultrasonic welding structure still ensure that the waterproof level of the device meets the IP67 requirement.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: 1. Task creation and device identification optimization: The active NFC module is connected to the MCU via the SPI bus. The mobile NFC terminal transmits task instructions to the module via a 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The built-in chip of the module automatically parses the device number data and transmits it to the MCU, eliminating the manual copying step. The device number identification accuracy is improved from 90% to 99.9%, avoiding human error.

[0014] 2. Real-time monitoring of transportation status (without damaging the seal): The radio frequency antenna is encapsulated on the surface of the housing with PTFE wave-transparent material, which supports the establishment of radio frequency communication link between the mobile phone and the module without opening the device seal. It can read the vibration and impact data collected by the acceleration sensor in the storage module in real time with a data delay of ≤500ms, and the transportation personnel can adjust the transportation plan in time.

[0015] 3. Contactless Firmware Upgrade and Data Management: The firmware upgrade package is transmitted to the module via the mobile phone's NFC terminal, written to the storage module via the SPI interface, and the upgrade is completed by the MCU. There is no need to open the sealed cover, and the waterproof rating is maintained at IP67. After the task is completed, the module reads the historical data from the storage module via the SPI interface, transmits it to the mobile phone via the RF link, encrypts it, and then uploads it to the server. The data export efficiency is improved by 80%, reducing reliance on field equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a system hardware connection block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The system hardware connection diagram shows the circuit connection relationship of each module: the active NFC module (103) is electrically connected to the MCU (102) through the SPI bus, the MCU is connected to the accelerometer module (101) through the I2C bus, and is connected to the storage module (104) through the SPI interface; the power supply module (105) supplies power to each module through the LDO voltage regulator chip.

[0019] The active NFC module (103) is fixed to the left side of the motherboard via a gold finger slot (1011). Its flexible PCB RF antenna (1031) is exposed through a wave-transparent window (107) on the front of the housing, and the window is covered with 0.3mm thick PTFE wave-transparent material. The accelerometer module (101) is soldered to the center of the motherboard, and the storage module (104) and power module (105) are integrated on the right side of the motherboard. The upper and lower parts of the housing are sealed with silicone sealing rings (106), and the seams are welded using ultrasonic welding technology, achieving a waterproof rating of IP67. This invention provides a technical solution: a contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC, including a monitoring host module, an active NFC module, and a waterproof and installation structure module. The monitoring host module includes a transportation monitoring host (100) installed inside the housing. The transportation monitoring host (100) integrates a microcontroller unit (MCU) (102), an acceleration sensor module (101), a storage module (104), and a power supply module (105). The monitoring host module is used to collect vibration, impact, and tilt angle data during the transportation of materials and to store and manage the data locally. The active NFC module includes an active NFC module (103) installed in the transportation monitoring host (100). The active NFC module (103) is electrically connected to the MCU (102) via a bus. The active NFC module is used to establish a radio frequency communication link with an external mobile phone NFC terminal and complete task creation, device identification, firmware upgrade and monitoring data interaction without opening the flip cover of the waterproof shell. The waterproof and installation structure module includes a housing that forms a housing for accommodating the transport monitoring host (100), a silicone sealing ring (106) disposed at the joint of the housing, and a wave-transparent window (107) disposed on the surface of the housing. The waterproof and installation structure module is used to enable the radio frequency antenna of the active NFC module (103) to penetrate the housing to achieve reliable radio frequency communication while ensuring that the housing as a whole reaches a predetermined waterproof level. The monitoring host module includes: The MCU control submodule consists of an MCU (102) and is used to uniformly schedule and control the accelerometer module (101), storage module (104), power supply module (105) and active NFC module (103) and manage and monitor the task status according to the task instructions. The acceleration sensor submodule is composed of the acceleration sensor module (101) and is used to sample the triaxial vibration, impact and tilt angle changes generated during transportation within a preset sampling period and send the sampled data to the MCU (102) via the bus. The storage submodule consists of a storage module (104) and is used to store the monitoring data forwarded by the MCU (102) and the firmware upgrade package in the order of task time. It supports the cyclic overwriting or appending of historical task data. The power management submodule consists of a power module (105), which includes an LDO regulator chip to provide a stable operating voltage to the MCU (102), active NFC module (103), accelerometer module (101), and storage module (104) and to provide overvoltage and undervoltage protection for the input power. The active NFC module includes: The radio frequency antenna submodule is composed of a flexible PCB radio frequency antenna (1031). The radio frequency antenna (1031) is arranged on the inner surface of the housing near the wave-transparent window (107) and is used to receive and transmit 13.56MHz radio frequency signals when the mobile phone NFC terminal is close. The NFC chip submodule consists of an NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) is connected to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through pins and to the MCU (102) through a bus. It is used to demodulate the radio frequency signal from the mobile phone NFC terminal, parse the task instruction and device number, and send the parsing result to the MCU (102). At the same time, it repackages the data output by the MCU (102) into radio frequency data and sends it to the mobile phone NFC terminal. The plug-in fixing submodule consists of a gold finger slot (1011) and a corresponding gold finger terminal set on the motherboard, which is used to fix the active NFC module (103) in a pluggable manner at a designated position on the motherboard and realize a reliable electrical connection between the active NFC module (103) and the motherboard. The waterproofing and installation structure modules include: The housing structure submodule includes an upper housing and a lower housing. The upper housing and the lower housing together form a three-dimensional cavity for accommodating the transport monitoring host (100) and the active NFC module (103) and providing mechanical protection for external installation. The wave-transparent window submodule consists of a wave-transparent window (107) set on the surface of the housing. The wave-transparent window (107) is embedded with a wave-transparent film, which is used to provide a signal emission path for the radio frequency antenna (1031) and reduce the attenuation of the NFC radio frequency signal by the housing while keeping the housing sealed. The sealing ring module consists of a silicone sealing ring (106) arranged at the joint of the housing, which is used to form a continuous sealing interface after the upper and lower housings are assembled to improve the waterproof rating of the housing. The welding and fixing sub-module consists of an ultrasonic welding structure arranged at the joint of the shell. It is used to fix the upper shell and the lower shell by ultrasonic welding after assembly, so that the shell maintains stable sealing performance during long-term transportation. The system works as follows: Step S1, Task initialization and device authentication steps: The mobile NFC terminal approaches the transparent window (107) and establishes an RF communication link with the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) completes the device number parsing and the task creation request is reported to the MCU (102), thereby completing the device identity confirmation and monitoring task initialization in the device sealed state. Step S2, Transportation Status Monitoring and Data Storage Step: After the task is activated, the MCU (102) controls the acceleration sensor module (101) to continuously collect vibration, impact and tilt data according to the preset sampling strategy, and writes the collected data into the storage module (104) in chronological order to form the historical data record of the corresponding task. Step S3, contactless firmware upgrade step: when the device is in a sealed state, the mobile NFC terminal sends a firmware upgrade command to the active NFC module (103) and downloads the firmware upgrade package. The active NFC module (103) writes the firmware data into the designated area of ​​the storage module (104). Then, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the storage module (104) according to the upgrade process and completes the verification and firmware replacement. Step S4, real-time data viewing step: When the transport personnel need to view the current vibration and impact status during the transportation process, they establish an RF link with the active NFC module (103) through the mobile NFC terminal. The active NFC module (103) reads the recently collected data in the MCU (102) cache and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the RF link to achieve real-time display. Step S5, historical data export step after the task ends. After the transportation ends, the mobile NFC terminal sends a data export command to the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) sequentially reads the historical data within the task period from the storage module (104) and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the radio frequency link. The mobile terminal completes the data encryption and upload to the server. Step S1 specifically includes step S1-1: In step S1-1, the mobile NFC terminal sends a device authentication request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) located near the transparent window (107) at a radio frequency carrier frequency of 13.56MHz. Here, 13.56MHz is the radio frequency carrier frequency used in the NFC communication standard to ensure protocol compatibility between the mobile NFC terminal and the active NFC module (103). After receiving the device authentication request, the radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) demodulates the radio frequency signal and parses out the device number and... The task parameters are obtained by parsing the device number and the task parameters and sending them to the MCU (102) via the SPI bus. The SPI bus is a serial peripheral interface bus used for high-speed full-duplex data transmission between the active NFC module (103) and the MCU (102). After receiving the device number, the MCU (102) performs identity verification according to the pre-stored whitelist. When the verification is successful, the corresponding task identifier and the initial task status are written into the storage module (104) and the task creation success information is returned, so as to complete the device authentication and task initialization without disassembling the shell. This step involves the mobile NFC terminal sending a device authentication request to the active NFC module via a 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The NFC chip parses the device number and transmits it to the MCU via SPI. After verifying permissions, the MCU creates a task in the storage module and records the task identifier, thus completing device identification and task creation while the casing is completely sealed. Its advantages include: eliminating the need for manual recording of device numbers and wired computer-based task distribution; improving device number recognition accuracy from approximately 90% to 99.9%; avoiding manual registration errors; reducing on-site configuration time; and ensuring the IP67 waterproof rating is not affected as the entire process does not require opening the casing.

[0020] Step S2 specifically includes step S2-1: Step S2-1: When the task is active, the MCU (102) controls the accelerometer module (101) to continuously sample the acceleration in the three-axis direction according to the preset sampling period. The accelerometer module (101) outputs three-axis acceleration data including vibration characteristics and impact characteristics in each sampling period. The acceleration data is transmitted to the MCU (102) through the I2C bus, where the I2C bus is a two-wire serial bus used to transmit instructions and sampling data between the MCU (102) and the accelerometer module (101). After receiving the three-axis acceleration data, the MCU (102) adds a timestamp and task identifier to each group of data and packages them in chronological order. The packaged data is written to the storage module (104) through the SPI interface. The storage module (104) adopts a circular buffer structure to overwrite the historical data that exceeds the capacity, so as to ensure continuous recording of vibration and impact status in long-term transportation scenarios. After the task is activated, this step involves the MCU driving the accelerometer module via I2C to continuously collect triaxial vibration, impact, and tilt data during transportation at a preset sampling period. Each data set is then timestamped and identified by a task identifier before being written chronologically to the circular buffer of the storage module. The advantages are: continuous and structured recording of key dynamic parameters throughout the entire transportation process, providing a complete data link for subsequent accident analysis, quality traceability, and compliance audits; and enabling long-term monitoring without interruption of recording even with limited storage capacity through circular caching.

[0021] Step S3 specifically includes step S3-1: Step S3-1: The mobile NFC terminal first downloads a firmware upgrade package matching the current device model from the server. After the firmware upgrade package completes integrity verification on the mobile phone, it is sent to the active NFC module (103) in segments via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After the radio frequency antenna (1031) receives the firmware data, the NFC chip (1032) performs protocol parsing and writes it into the firmware buffer of the storage module (104) in the order of the predetermined address via the SPI bus. The firmware buffer is a reserved continuous storage segment in the storage module (104). After all the firmware data is written, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the firmware buffer, performs verification and detection and version number verification on the firmware data. When the verification is successful, the new firmware is written into the program storage area and the device is started from the new firmware on the next power-on. During the entire firmware upgrade process, the shell is kept sealed by the silicone sealing ring (106) and the ultrasonic welding structure, so that the device continues to meet the IP67 waterproof rating before and after the firmware upgrade. IP67 is the rating of the shell's protection capability in a specified water depth and dust environment. This step involves the mobile phone downloading the matching firmware upgrade package from the server, transmitting it in segments via the NFC radio frequency link to the active NFC module, and then writing it to the firmware buffer of the storage module via SPI. Subsequently, the MCU reads the firmware from the buffer, completes verification and version comparison, writes the new firmware to the program area, and enables it upon the next power-on. Its advantages are: the entire upgrade process is completed in a sealed state, without removing the seal or opening the casing, thus not compromising the IP67 waterproof performance; maintenance can be performed on-site without carrying a USB flash drive or computer, significantly reducing maintenance costs and the risk of water leakage and failure due to opening the cover.

[0022] Step S4 specifically includes step S4-1: Step S4-1: When the transport personnel need to check the current transport status, they bring the mobile NFC terminal close to the transparent window (107). The mobile NFC terminal sends a real-time data request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). After parsing the request, the NFC chip (1032) sends a real-time data read instruction to the MCU (102) through the SPI bus. The MCU (102) extracts the sampling data of the accelerometer module (101) from its internal cache in the most recent period and performs necessary compression or extraction processing. The processed data is then transmitted to the NFC chip (1032) through the SPI bus. (1032) After modulation, the signal is returned to the mobile phone NFC terminal via the radio frequency antenna (1031); a 0.3mm thick transparent film is set at the transparent window (107). The transparent film material can be PTFE material or PET material. The signal transmittance of the transparent film in the 13.56MHz radio frequency band is not less than 85%. 0.3mm is the physical thickness parameter of the transparent film, and 85% is the lower limit of the power transmission ratio of the radio frequency signal after passing through the transparent film in this frequency band. Through the above structural configuration, the end-to-end transmission delay of the real-time data received by the mobile phone terminal does not exceed 500ms. 500ms is the maximum allowable data transmission delay, thereby ensuring that the transportation personnel can view the vibration and impact state curves in a near real-time manner on site. During transportation, when the current status needs to be checked, the mobile NFC terminal sends a real-time data request to the active NFC module via a 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The module reads the recent acceleration data from the MCU cache via SPI, modulates it, and transmits it back to the mobile phone display through a 0.3mm thick PTFE or PET translucent film with a transmittance of ≥85% via the radio frequency antenna. The advantages are: near real-time data viewing is achieved without opening the waterproof cover or touching any wired interfaces, with an end-to-end latency of no more than 500ms. Transportation personnel can use this data to adjust the binding method or driving strategy in real time, controlling excessive vibration and impact within the required range, thus improving the safety of transporting large items.

[0023] Step S5 specifically includes step S5-1: Step S5-1: After the transportation task is completed, the mobile NFC terminal selects the task record to be exported through the user interface and sends a historical data export command to the active NFC module (103). After receiving the command, the active NFC module (103) controls the storage module (104) through the SPI bus to read all the monitoring data in the corresponding task cycle in the order from the start address to the end address according to the task identifier. The read data is packaged into multiple data frames and transmitted to the mobile NFC terminal via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After receiving all the data frames, the mobile NFC terminal performs verification and unpacking operations on the historical data, and completes encrypted storage and wireless upload to the server locally. The data export process increases the amount of data that can be completed per unit time by about 80% compared with the method of exporting through the USB flash drive interface. The 80% is the export efficiency improvement ratio obtained under the same task data volume conditions. The above contactless data export scheme reduces the dependence on computers and external storage devices on site. At the same time, there is no need to disassemble the shell during the data export process. The silicone sealing ring (106) and ultrasonic welding structure still ensure that the waterproof level of the device meets the IP67 requirement.

[0024] After the task is completed, the mobile NFC terminal selects the task to be exported and sends an export command. The active NFC module controls the storage module to sequentially read all historical data within the task period according to the task identifier, packages it into multiple frames, and transmits it to the mobile phone via the radio frequency link. The mobile phone then performs integrity verification, encrypts and stores the data, and uploads it to the server. Its advantages are: it replaces the traditional wired USB flash drive export method, improving data export efficiency by approximately 80%, significantly reducing reliance on computers and external storage devices on-site, and the entire export process is completed under sealed casing and IP67 protection conditions, avoiding water ingress and poor contact problems caused by frequent plugging and unplugging of interfaces.

[0025] An active NFC module (103) is integrated into the transportation monitoring host (100) via a slot. This module includes an NFC chip (1032) and an RF antenna (1031), with the antenna exposed through a transparent window (107) on the front of the housing (covered with a 0.3mm thick PET transparent film). The specific hardware operation is as follows: Device interaction and command transmission: When a mobile phone with an NFC terminal is brought close to the antenna (1031), the mobile phone sends a device authentication request to the NFC chip (1032) through a 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After the chip parses the device number, it transmits it to the MCU (102) through the SPI interface.

[0026] After verifying the permissions, the MCU (102) receives the task instructions (such as "start task" and "end task") sent by the mobile phone, controls the acceleration sensor module (101) to start and stop through the I2C bus, and stores the instruction status in the storage module (104).

[0027] Firmware upgrade process: After the mobile phone downloads the firmware upgrade package from the server, it transmits the data to the NFC module (103) via the radio frequency link. The module then writes the firmware to the specified address of the storage module (104) via the SPI interface.

[0028] The MCU (102) reads the firmware data in the storage module (104) and performs verification and upgrade operations without disassembling the host sealed structure.

[0029] Data viewing and export: When viewing the data, the mobile phone sends a command to the NFC module (103). The module reads the vibration and impact data within the task cycle from the storage module (104) via the SPI interface (collected by the acceleration sensor module 101 and transmitted to the MCU for temporary storage via the I2C bus), and transmits it back to the mobile phone for display via the radio frequency link.

[0030] After the task is completed, the mobile phone sends a data export command. The NFC module (103) packages the historical data in the storage module (104) and transmits it to the mobile phone through the radio frequency link. The mobile phone encrypts the data and stores it locally or transmits it wirelessly to the server.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A contactless material transportation data collection and protection system based on active NFC, characterized in that: Includes a monitoring host module, an active NFC module, and a waterproof and installation structure module; The monitoring host module includes a transportation monitoring host (100) installed inside the housing. The transportation monitoring host (100) integrates a microcontroller unit (MCU) (102), an acceleration sensor module (101), a storage module (104), and a power supply module (105). The monitoring host module is used to collect vibration, impact, and tilt angle data during the transportation of materials and to store and manage the data locally. The active NFC module includes an active NFC module (103) installed in the transportation monitoring host (100). The active NFC module (103) is electrically connected to the MCU (102) via a bus. The active NFC module is used to establish a radio frequency communication link with an external mobile phone NFC terminal and complete task creation, device identification, firmware upgrade and monitoring data interaction without opening the flip cover of the waterproof shell. The waterproof and installation structure module includes a housing that accommodates the transport monitoring host (100), a silicone sealing ring (106) disposed at the joint of the housing, and a wave-transparent window (107) disposed on the surface of the housing. The waterproof and installation structure module is used to enable the radio frequency antenna of the active NFC module (103) to penetrate the housing to achieve reliable radio frequency communication while ensuring that the housing as a whole reaches a predetermined waterproof level.

2. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring host module includes: The MCU control submodule is composed of an MCU (102) and is used to uniformly schedule and control the accelerometer module (101), the storage module (104), the power supply module (105) and the active NFC module (103) and manage and monitor the task status according to the task instructions. An acceleration sensor submodule, which is composed of an acceleration sensor module (101), is used to sample the triaxial vibration, impact and tilt angle changes generated during transportation within a preset sampling period and send the sampled data to the MCU (102) via a bus. The storage submodule is composed of a storage module (104) and is used to store the monitoring data forwarded by the MCU (102) and the firmware upgrade package in the order of task time. It supports the cyclic overwriting or appending of historical task data. The power management submodule is composed of a power module (105). The power module (105) includes an LDO voltage regulator chip, which is used to provide a stable operating voltage to the MCU (102), the active NFC module (103), the accelerometer module (101), and the storage module (104) and to provide overvoltage and undervoltage protection for the input power supply. The active NFC module includes: The radio frequency antenna submodule is composed of a flexible PCB radio frequency antenna (1031). The radio frequency antenna (1031) is arranged on the inner surface of the housing near the wave-transparent window (107) and is used to receive and transmit 13.56MHz radio frequency signals when the mobile phone NFC terminal is close. The NFC chip submodule is composed of an NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) is connected to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through pins and to the MCU (102) through a bus. It is used to demodulate the radio frequency signal from the mobile phone NFC terminal, parse the task instruction and device number, and send the parsing result to the MCU (102). At the same time, it repackages the data output by the MCU (102) into radio frequency data and sends it to the mobile phone NFC terminal. The plug-in fixing submodule consists of a gold finger slot (1011) and a corresponding gold finger terminal set on the motherboard, which is used to fix the active NFC module (103) in a pluggable manner at a designated position on the motherboard and realize a reliable electrical connection between the active NFC module (103) and the motherboard. The waterproofing and installation structure modules include: The housing structure submodule includes an upper housing and a lower housing, which together form a three-dimensional cavity for accommodating the transport monitoring host (100) and the active NFC module (103) and providing mechanical protection for external installation; The wave-transparent window submodule is composed of a wave-transparent window (107) disposed on the surface of the housing. The wave-transparent window (107) is embedded with a wave-transparent film, which is used to provide a signal emission path for the radio frequency antenna (1031) and reduce the attenuation of the NFC radio frequency signal by the housing while keeping the housing sealed. A sealing ring module, which consists of a silicone sealing ring (106) arranged at the joint of the housing, is used to form a continuous sealing interface after the upper housing and the lower housing are assembled to improve the waterproof rating of the housing. The welding and fixing submodule consists of an ultrasonic welding structure arranged at the joint of the shell, which is used to fix the upper shell and the lower shell by ultrasonic welding after assembly, so that the shell maintains stable sealing performance during long-term transportation.

3. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system works as follows: Step S1, Task initialization and device authentication steps: The mobile NFC terminal approaches the transparent window (107) and establishes an RF communication link with the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) completes the device number parsing and the task creation request is reported to the MCU (102), thereby completing the device identity confirmation and monitoring task initialization in the device sealed state. Step S2, Transportation Status Monitoring and Data Storage Step: After the task is activated, the MCU (102) controls the acceleration sensor module (101) to continuously collect vibration, impact and tilt data according to the preset sampling strategy, and writes the collected data into the storage module (104) in chronological order to form the historical data record of the corresponding task. Step S3, contactless firmware upgrade step: when the device is in a sealed state, the mobile NFC terminal sends a firmware upgrade command to the active NFC module (103) and downloads the firmware upgrade package. The active NFC module (103) writes the firmware data into the designated area of ​​the storage module (104). Then, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the storage module (104) according to the upgrade process and completes the verification and firmware replacement. Step S4, real-time data viewing step: When the transport personnel need to view the current vibration and impact status during the transportation process, they establish an RF link with the active NFC module (103) through the mobile NFC terminal. The active NFC module (103) reads the recently collected data in the MCU (102) cache and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the RF link to achieve real-time display. Step S5, historical data export step after the task ends. After the transportation ends, the mobile NFC terminal sends a data export command to the active NFC module (103). The active NFC module (103) sequentially reads the historical data within the task period from the storage module (104) and transmits it to the mobile terminal through the radio frequency link. The mobile terminal completes the data encryption and upload to the server.

4. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes step S1-1: In step S1-1, the mobile NFC terminal sends a device authentication request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) located near the transparent window (107) at a radio frequency carrier frequency of 13.56MHz. Here, 13.56MHz is the radio frequency carrier frequency used in the NFC communication standard to ensure protocol compatibility between the mobile NFC terminal and the active NFC module (103). After receiving the device authentication request, the radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). The NFC chip (1032) demodulates the radio frequency signal and parses out the device number and... The task parameters are obtained by parsing the device number and the task parameters and sending them to the MCU (102) via the SPI bus. The SPI bus is a serial peripheral interface bus used for high-speed full-duplex data transmission between the active NFC module (103) and the MCU (102). After receiving the device number, the MCU (102) performs identity verification according to the pre-stored whitelist. When the verification is successful, the corresponding task identifier and the initial task status are written into the storage module (104) and the task creation success information is returned, so as to complete the device authentication and task initialization without disassembling the shell.

5. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 4, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes step S2-1: Step S2-1: When the task is active, the MCU (102) controls the accelerometer module (101) to continuously sample the acceleration in the three-axis direction according to the preset sampling period. The accelerometer module (101) outputs three-axis acceleration data including vibration characteristics and impact characteristics in each sampling period. The acceleration data is transmitted to the MCU (102) through the I2C bus, where the I2C bus is a two-wire serial bus used to transmit instructions and sampling data between the MCU (102) and the accelerometer module (101). After receiving the three-axis acceleration data, the MCU (102) adds a timestamp and task identifier to each group of data and packages them in chronological order. The packaged data is written to the storage module (104) through the SPI interface. The storage module (104) adopts a circular buffer structure to overwrite the historical data that exceeds the capacity, so as to ensure continuous recording of vibration and impact status in long-term transportation scenarios.

6. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step S3 specifically includes step S3-1: Step S3-1: The mobile NFC terminal first downloads a firmware upgrade package matching the current device model from the server. After the firmware upgrade package completes integrity verification on the mobile phone, it is sent to the active NFC module (103) in segments via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After the radio frequency antenna (1031) receives the firmware data, the NFC chip (1032) performs protocol parsing and writes it into the firmware buffer of the storage module (104) in the order of the predetermined address via the SPI bus. The firmware buffer is a reserved continuous storage segment in the storage module (104). After all the firmware data is written, the MCU (102) reads the firmware data from the firmware buffer, performs verification and detection on the firmware data and version number verification. When the verification is successful, the new firmware is written into the program storage area and the device is started from the new firmware on the next power-on. During the entire firmware upgrade process, the shell is kept sealed by the silicone sealing ring (106) and the ultrasonic welding structure, so that the device continues to meet the IP67 waterproof rating before and after the firmware upgrade. IP67 is the rating of the shell's protection capability in a specified water depth and dust environment.

7. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S4 specifically includes step S4-1: Step S4-1: When the transport personnel need to check the current transport status, they bring the mobile NFC terminal close to the transparent window (107). The mobile NFC terminal sends a real-time data request to the radio frequency antenna (1031) through the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. The radio frequency antenna (1031) couples the radio frequency signal to the NFC chip (1032). After parsing the request, the NFC chip (1032) sends a real-time data read instruction to the MCU (102) through the SPI bus. The MCU (102) extracts the sampling data of the accelerometer module (101) from its internal cache in the most recent period and performs necessary compression or extraction processing. The processed data is then transmitted to the NFC chip (1032) through the SPI bus. (1032) After modulation, the signal is returned to the mobile phone NFC terminal via the radio frequency antenna (1031); a 0.3mm thick translucent film is set at the translucent window (107). The translucent film material can be PTFE material or PET material. The signal transmittance of the translucent film in the 13.56MHz radio frequency band is not less than 85%. 0.3mm is the physical thickness parameter of the translucent film, and 85% is the lower limit of the power transmission ratio of the radio frequency signal after passing through the translucent film in this frequency band. Through the above structural configuration, the end-to-end transmission delay of the real-time data received by the mobile phone terminal does not exceed 500ms. 500ms is the maximum allowable data transmission delay, thereby ensuring that the transportation personnel can view the vibration and impact state curves in near real-time on site.

8. The contactless material transportation data acquisition and protection system based on active NFC according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S5 specifically includes step S5-1: Step S5-1: After the transportation task is completed, the mobile NFC terminal selects the task record to be exported through the user interface and sends a historical data export command to the active NFC module (103). After receiving the command, the active NFC module (103) controls the storage module (104) through the SPI bus to read all the monitoring data in the corresponding task cycle in the order from the start address to the end address according to the task identifier. The read data is packaged into multiple data frames and transmitted to the mobile NFC terminal via the 13.56MHz radio frequency link. After receiving all the data frames, the mobile NFC terminal performs verification and unpacking operations on the historical data, and completes encrypted storage and wireless upload to the server locally. The data export process increases the amount of data that can be completed per unit time by about 80% compared with the method of exporting through the USB flash drive interface. The 80% is the export efficiency improvement ratio obtained under the same task data volume conditions. The above contactless data export scheme reduces the dependence on computers and external storage devices on site. At the same time, there is no need to disassemble the shell during the data export process. The silicone sealing ring (106) and ultrasonic welding structure still ensure that the waterproof level of the device meets the IP67 requirement.

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