Dynamic indication of backscatter random access preamble

Abstract

Various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. Some aspects relate to initial access (e.g., random access) for environmental Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to dynamic indications for backscattering random access preambles. In some aspects, network nodes may send dynamic indications to environmental IoT devices. The dynamic indications may indicate information (e.g., one or more resources) for retransmitting the random access preamble in a frequency bin. The environmental IoT device may use the resources indicated in the dynamic indications to backscatter the random access preamble.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and more particularly to techniques, apparatus and methods for dynamic indication of backscattered random access preambles. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of services, including voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other services. Services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, etc. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, spatial-domain resources, and / or device transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access RATs include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] The aforementioned Multiple Access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunications standard is New Radio (NR). NR (also known as 5G) is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) can be designed to better support the Internet of Things (IoT) and reduced-capacity device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter-wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (e.g., cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communications), massive MIMO, decomposed network architectures and network topology expansion, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, and more. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, further improvements to NR can be implemented, and other radio access technologies (such as 6G) can be introduced to further advance mobile broadband evolution.

[0004] Environmental Internet of Things (IoT) devices can participate in the initial access process. In some instances, the initial access process may fail, potentially leading to high latency, high collision rates, and / or suboptimal resource allocation. For example, environmental IoT devices may experience the so-called "near-far problem," an effect where a relatively strong signal from a source relatively close to the receiver may inhibit the receiver's ability to detect a relatively weak signal from a source relatively far away. Furthermore, the network may allocate too many or too few resources for preamble retransmission. Over-allocation of resources may result in wasted (e.g., unused) resources, while under-allocation may lead to collisions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. At least one of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the environmental IoT device to receive a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins. At least one of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the environmental IoT device to backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network node. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. At least one of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to transmit a dynamic indication to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. At least one of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the network node to receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by an environmental IoT device. The method may include receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins. The method may include backscattering a random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include transmitting a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The method may include receiving a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. When executed by one or more processors of an environmental IoT device, the set of instructions enables the environmental IoT device to receive a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. When executed by one or more processors of the environmental IoT device, the set of instructions enables the environmental IoT device to backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network node. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to send dynamic indications for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. When executed by one or more processors of the network node, the set of instructions enables the network node to receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource, based on the dynamic indications.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The apparatus may also include components for backscattering a random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for transmitting a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The apparatus may also include components for receiving a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0013] Various aspects of this disclosure may be implemented or be implemented as described in whole by or embodied in the methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described in the specification and drawings and illustrated in the specification and drawings.

[0014] The preceding paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of this disclosure. These and additional aspects and their associated advantages will be described below. The disclosed aspects can serve as the basis for modifying or designing other aspects for performing the same or similar purposes of this disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, their organization and operation, and their associated advantages will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings illustrate some aspects of this disclosure but do not limit its scope, as other aspects can be achieved by this description. Each drawing in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. Identical or similar reference numerals in different drawings may identify identical or similar elements.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with backscatter communication.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an inventory process used for radio frequency identification (RFID).

[0020] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a four-step random access process.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a two-step random access procedure.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with a dynamic indication used for a backscattered random access preamble.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating examples associated with predefined rules used to add or remove one or more resources from one or more frequency bins.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of how to associate a Q-based response.

[0025] Figure 10A and Figure 10B This is a diagram illustrating an example associated with performing one or more downlink measurements.

[0026] Figure 11 This is an example flowchart of a process performed at a UE or a device of a UE that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble.

[0027] Figure 12 This is an example flowchart of a process performed at a network node or device that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a diagram of an example UE device for wireless communication that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble.

[0029] Figure 14 This is a diagram of an example network node for wireless communication that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preambles. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Various aspects of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated or described with reference to the drawings or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the scope of protection of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will understand that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, various combinations or numbers of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or a practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover apparatuses having structures and / or functionalities other than those available for practicing the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein, or methods practiced using these other structures and / or functionalities. Any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0031] Various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will now be presented with reference to them. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0032] Some wireless communication devices can be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as environmental IoT devices (sometimes called ultralight IoT devices) or similar IoT devices. In environmental IoT, the endpoints (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, tags, or similar devices) may not include batteries, and the endpoints can accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks can utilize a type of environmental IoT device known as an "environmental backscattering device" or "backscattering device." Environmental IoT devices can use backscattering technology to exchange information with the network.

[0033] Environmental IoT devices can establish a connection to a network by participating in an initial access procedure (e.g., a random access procedure). In some examples, network nodes may send information indicating resources available for initial access. The environmental IoT device may initiate random access, monitor responses from network nodes, and jointly perform contention resolution with the network nodes. However, in some instances, the initial access procedure may fail. For example, the environmental IoT device may fail to receive a response or perform contention resolution. Initial access failure can lead to high latency, high collision probability, and / or suboptimal resource allocation.

[0034] For example, following RFID procedures can introduce significant latency, while following New Radio (NR) random access procedures (e.g., two-step or four-step random access procedures) can lead to collisions. Collisions can occur, for instance, in situations with a large number of environmental IoT devices that may share limited resources. Environmental IoT devices may not be equipped with power amplifiers and therefore may not be able to increase the transmission power used for preamble retransmission. Consequently, environmental IoT devices may experience the so-called "near-far problem," an effect where a relatively strong signal from a source relatively close to the receiver can suppress the receiver's ability to detect a relatively weak signal from a source relatively far away (e.g., where the sources share the same resources). The near-far problem can be caused by adjacent channel interference, co-channel interference, distortion, capture effects, dynamic range limitations, and more.

[0035] Furthermore, network nodes may allocate too many or too few resources for preamble retransmission. Allocating too many resources may result in wasted (e.g., unused) resources, while allocating too few resources may lead to further collisions.

[0036] Various aspects as a whole relate to the initial access (e.g., random access) of environmental IoT devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to dynamic indications for backscattering random access preambles. In some aspects, network nodes may send dynamic indications to environmental IoT devices. Dynamic indications may indicate information (e.g., one or more resources) for retransmitting random access preambles in a frequency compartment. A frequency compartment may be a frequency range in which the environmental IoT device is configured to communicate (e.g., to backscatter one or more preambles). For example, a frequency compartment may be a subset of frequency resources available to the environmental IoT device. The environmental IoT device may use the resources indicated in the dynamic indication to backscatter the random access preamble.

[0037] In some aspects, a dynamic indicator may indicate the resources used for each frequency compartment. In some aspects, a dynamic indicator may indicate one or more index values ​​corresponding to one or more resources. For example, the index values ​​may be stored in a predefined table that identifies how resources are allocated to the frequency compartment. In some aspects, for each frequency compartment, the dynamic indicator may contain one or more bits that indicate whether the resources used for that frequency compartment are to be increased or decreased.

[0038] In some respects, environmental IoT devices can retransmit preambles until they can connect to a network node. In other respects, the network node can indicate the maximum number of preamble retransmissions allowed for the environmental IoT device.

[0039] Environmental IoT devices can backscatter random access preambles based on Q parameters. In some aspects, the Q parameters can be common Q parameters for all frequency shifts and / or frequency blocks. In some aspects, dynamic indications can indicate specific Q parameters for each frequency block and / or frequency shift. In some aspects, dynamic indications can include commands for adjusting the Q parameters by an increment of 2 or greater, or a decrement of 2 or greater.

[0040] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by sending dynamic indications to environmental IoT devices, the described techniques can be used to reduce latency and collision rates associated with the initial access of environmental IoT devices, and / or improve resource allocation. For example, a network node can dynamically indicate resources associated with one or more frequency bins, thereby mitigating collisions and / or reducing latency by preventing resources from having few or no environmental IoT devices and / or too many environmental IoT devices. Additionally or alternatively, dynamic indications can address proximity issues (e.g., different frequency bins may correspond to different downlink signal strengths). Thus, dynamic indications enable environmental IoT devices with limited transmission capabilities to access network nodes using low power consumption.

[0041] The dynamic indicator specifies the resources allocated to each frequency compartment, allowing additional ambient IoT devices attempting to access the network node during preamble transmission without consuming excessive memory resources of the ambient IoT devices. The dynamic indicator corresponds to one or more index values ​​for one or more resources, reducing the payload and power consumption of the ambient IoT devices while allowing the introduction of additional ambient IoT devices attempting to access the network node during the initial access process. For each frequency compartment, the dynamic indicator contains one or more bits indicating whether the resources allocated to that frequency compartment should be increased or decreased, further reducing the payload and power consumption of the ambient IoT devices without consuming excessive memory resources.

[0042] The environmental IoT device retransmits the preamble until it can connect to the network node. This increases the probability of the environmental IoT device connecting to the network node by allowing it to continue re-initiating the initial access procedure. The network node can indicate the maximum number of preamble retransmissions allowed for the environmental IoT device, which reduces the overhead and / or power consumption of the environmental IoT device by limiting the number of retries in the initial access procedure.

[0043] The Q parameter is a common Q parameter across all frequency shifts and / or frequency bins. This allows the initial access process to proceed even when the network node cannot determine how many environmental IoT devices want to access the network node for each frequency bin. Dynamic indicators specify a particular Q parameter for each frequency bin and / or frequency shift. This allows the initial access process to proceed even when the network node can determine how many environmental IoT devices want to access the network node for each frequency bin. For example, if the number of environmental IoT devices is low, the network node can decrease Q, which reduces latency; if the number of environmental IoT devices is high, the network node can increase Q, which reduces the number of collisions. Dynamic indicators include commands for adjusting the Q parameter in increments of 2 or greater, or in decrements of 2 or greater. This provides the network node with the flexibility to reassign the Q parameter to any suitable value.

[0044] Multiple access radio access technology (RAT) has been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables wireless communication devices to communicate at the city, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution program released by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports a variety of technologies and use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0045] With increasing demand for broadband access and the evolution of technologies supported by wireless communication networks, further technological improvements can be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs (such as 6G) to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements can be associated with new frequency band extensions, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, decomposed network architectures and network topology extensions, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelinks and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or environmental IoT) networks, reduced-capacity (RedCap) user equipment (UE) functionality, industrial connectivity, multi-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), and more. Such technological improvements can support use cases such as wireless backhaul, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta-services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communications, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and collaborative manipulation, sensor networks, posture monitoring, brain-computer interfaces, digital twin applications, asset management, and general coverage applications using off-ground and / or aerial platforms, etc. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein can implement one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0046] Figure 1 This is an illustration of an example of a wireless communication network 100. The wireless communication network 100 may be a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, etc. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as network node (NN) 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d. Network nodes 110 may support communication with multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e).

[0047] Network nodes 110 and UEs 120 of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, frequency bands, carriers, and / or channels according to frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of wireless communication network 100 can communicate using one or more operating frequency bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 100 can be deployed in a given geographical area. Each wireless communication network 100 can support a specific radio access technology (RAT) (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and can operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include 4G RAT, 5G / NR RAT, and / or 6G RAT, etc. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographical area, each RAT in that geographical area can operate on a different frequency to avoid interference with each other.

[0048] Various operating frequency bands have been defined as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in some documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, in some documents and articles, FR2 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band, but this is different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as the mid-band frequencies, including FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 or FR2 characteristics, thereby effectively extending the characteristics of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Therefore, "below 6 GHz" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, and / or included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term "millimeter wave" (if used herein) can broadly refer to frequencies included in mid-band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, and / or within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands can extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs above 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, wireless communication network 100 can implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), where multiple RATs (e.g., 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented within a single frequency band using dynamic bandwidth allocation (e.g., based on user demand). It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating frequency bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1 and / or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0049] Network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of wireless communication network 100. Network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, 5G network node, 6G network node, node B, eNB, gNB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), mobility element, core, network entity, network element, network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN).

[0050] Network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (e.g., a single physical structure) or as two or more physical nodes (e.g., two or more different physical structures). For example, network node 110 may be a device or system implementing a portion of a radio protocol stack, a device or system implementing a complete radio protocol stack (such as a complete gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems collectively implementing a complete radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (with an aggregated architecture), meaning that network node 110 can implement a complete radio protocol stack physically and logically integrated within a single node (e.g., a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses the complete radio protocol stack to implement or facilitate communication between UE 120 and the core network of wireless communication network 100.

[0051] Alternatively, and also as shown in the figure, network node 110 can be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), meaning that network node 110 can realize a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same or different geographic locations. For example, a decomposed network node may have a decomposed architecture. In some deployments, decomposed network node 110 may be used in integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks, in open radio access networks (O-RAN) (such as network configurations compliant with the O-RAN Alliance), or in virtualized radio access networks (vRAN) (also referred to as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)) to facilitate scaling by decomposing base station functionality into multiple units that can be deployed independently.

[0052] Network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). CUs may host one or more higher-layer control functions, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) functions, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. DUs may host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to functional splits (such as functional splits defined by 3GPP). In some examples, DUs may also host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, etc. RUs may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as FFT, iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc., according to functional splits (such as lower-layer functional splits). In this type of architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s.

[0053] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, network node 110 may include one or more near real-time (near RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more non-real-time (non-RT) RICs. In some examples, CUs, DUs, and / or RUs may be implemented as virtual units, such as Virtual Central Units (VCUs), Virtual Distributed Units (VDUs), or Virtual Radio Units (VRUs), etc. Virtual units may be implemented as virtual network functions, such as those associated with cloud deployments.

[0054] Some network nodes 110 (e.g., base stations, RUs, or TRPs) can provide communication coverage for specific geographic areas. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​network node 110 or to network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. Network node 110 can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, network node 110 can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, or another type of cell. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residential area) and can allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femto cell (e.g., UE 120 in a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). The network node 110 used for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. The network node 110 used for a picocell can be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 used for a femtocell can be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node.

[0055] The wireless communication network 100 can be a heterogeneous network, comprising different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, piconet nodes, femtonet nodes, relay network nodes, aggregation network nodes, and / or decomposition network nodes, etc. Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110a can be a macro network node for macro cell 130a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for pico cell 130b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for femto cell 130c. Compared to other types of network nodes 110, the various types of network nodes 110 typically transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different effects on interference in the wireless communication network 100. For example, macro network nodes may have high transmit power levels (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 watts to 2 watts).

[0056] In some examples, network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as a RU, TRP, or base station communicating with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a "Uu" link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to the communication direction from network node 110 to UE 120, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to the communication direction from UE 120 to network node 110.

[0057] In some examples, any network node 110 relaying communication may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply a repeater. A repeater may receive communications from an upstream station (e.g., another network node 110 or UE 120) and transmit communications to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a "multi-hop network." Figure 1 In the example shown, network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) can communicate with network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and UE 120d to facilitate communication between network node 110a and UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 can be a relay station capable of relaying transmissions to or from other UE 120s, or can operate as such a relay station. UE 120 relaying communication can be referred to as a UE repeater or relay UE, etc.

[0058] UE 120 may be physically distributed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. UE 120 may be, may include, an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be, or may include, a cellular phone (e.g., a smartphone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet device, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband and / or smart jewelry (such as a smart ring or smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device and / or a satellite radio), an extended reality (XR) device, a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that can communicate via a wireless medium, or may be coupled to them.

[0059] UE 120 and / or network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-a-chip (SoC), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or include a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or more processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs), and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “processors” or “processor circuitry”). One or more of these processors may be individually or collectively configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors that can be configured or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor that can be configured or configured to perform a first function in the set, and a second processor that can be configured or configured to perform a second function in the set, or may include the entire group of processors that are configured or configured to perform the set of functions.

[0060] The processing system may also include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic components or circuits, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) or combinations thereof (all of which are generally referred to herein individually as "memory" or collectively as "memory" or "memory circuitry"). One or more of these memories may be coupled to one or more processors in the processor (e.g., operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) and may store processor-executable code (such as software) individually or collectively, which, when executed by one or more processors in the processor, may configure one or more processors in the processor to perform the various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more processors in the processor may be pre-configured to perform the various functions or operations described herein without being configured by software. The processing system may also include or be coupled to one or more modems (such as Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modems or cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modems). In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more modems among the modems. The processing system may also include, or be coupled to, multiple radio components (collectively, “radio components”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas among a plurality of antennas. In some embodiments, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radio components, RF chains, or transceivers. UE 120 may be included or may be contained in a housing that houses components associated with UE 120, including the processing system.

[0061] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) can communicate directly with each other using sidelink communication (e.g., without communicating through a network node 110 acting as an intermediary). As an example, UE 120a can directly send data, control information, or other signaling to UE 120e as sidelink communication. This contrasts with, for example, UE 120a first sending data to network node 110 in UL communication, and then that network node sending data to UE 120e in DL communication.

[0062] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communications manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communications manager 140 may receive dynamic indications for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and, based on the dynamic indications, backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0063] In some aspects, network node 110 may include communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, communication manager 150 may send dynamic indications to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and, based on the dynamic indications, receive backscattered random access preambles using at least one resource. Additionally or alternatively, communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 communicating with example UE 120 in a wireless network.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a to 232t, where t≥1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a to 234v, where v≥1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, etc. In some configurations, one or a combination of antennas 234, modems 232, MIMO detectors 236, receive processors 238, transmit processors 214, and / or TX MIMO processors 216 may be included in the transceiver of network node 110. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 240), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures and / or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 242. In some respects, network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components and / or other components that facilitate communication with UE 120 or another network node.

[0066] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” can refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, references to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” etc. (in the singular) should be understood as referring to a combination of… Figure 2The processor described refers to any one or more processors, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. The reference to "one or more processors" should be understood as referring to a combination of... Figure 2 Any one or more processors described herein. For example, one or more processors of network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0067] In some aspects, a single processor can perform all operations described as being performed by one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of one or more processors can perform a first operation described as being performed by that one or more processors, and a second set of one or more processors can perform a second operation described as being performed by that one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors can be the same set of processors or can be different sets of processors. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to mean any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as combined... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, an operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0068] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, transmitting processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for use by UE 120 (or a set of UEs including UE 120) from data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or data queue). In some examples, transmitting processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for UE 120 based on one or more Channel Quality Indicators (CQIs) received from UE 120. Network node 110 may process the data (e.g., including encoding the data) based on the MCS selected for UE 120 for transmission to UE 120 on the downlink, thereby generating data symbols. Transmitting processor 214 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper-layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmitting processor 214 can generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), or channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)).

[0069] The TX MIMO processor 216 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and can provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream can be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 232. Each modem 232 can use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 can further use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a time-domain downlink signal. Modems 232a to 232t can transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) together via a set of corresponding antennas 234.

[0070] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the uplink signal from UE 120 may be received by antenna 234, processed by modem 232 (e.g., demodulator component of modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected where applicable by MIMO detector 236 (e.g., receive (Rx) MIMO processor), and / or further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to processors such as controller / processor 240.

[0071] Network node 110 may use scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some aspects, scheduler 246 may use downlink control information (DCI) to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to and / or UL transmissions from UE 120. In some examples, scheduler 246 may allocate repetitive time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources for UE 120 to transmit and / or receive communication using RRC configuration (e.g., semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure configuration grant (CG) for UE 120.

[0072] One or more of the following may be included in the RF chain of network node 110: transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. The RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices for converting analog signals (such as those used for transmission or reception via an air interface) to digital signals (such as those used for processing by one or more processors of network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be a transceiver of network node 110, or may be included in such a transceiver.

[0073] In some examples, network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to communicate with the core network and / or other network nodes. Communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, fiber optic, Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), and / or wired or wireless backhaul, etc. Network node 110 may use communication unit 244 to send and / or receive data associated with UE 120, or to perform network control signaling, etc. Communication unit 244 may include transceivers and / or interfaces, such as network interfaces.

[0074] UE 120 may include a collection of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r, where r ≥ 1), a collection of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a to 254u, where u ≥ 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, etc. One or more components of UE 120 may be included in housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, or TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver included in UE 120. The transceiver may be under the control of and used by one or more processors (such as controller / processor 280), and in some respects, may perform aspects of the methods, procedures, or operations described herein in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in memory 282. In some respects, UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0075] For downlink communication from network node 110 to UE 120, the set of antennas 252 can receive downlink communication or signals from network node 110 and can provide a set of received downlink signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254. For example, each received signal can be provided to a corresponding demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 can use the corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each modem 254 can use the corresponding demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain a received symbol. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from the set of modems 254, can perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and can provide the detected symbols. The receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application running on the UE 120), and provide the decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.

[0076] For uplink communication from UE 120 to network node 110, the transmitting processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from data source 262 (such as data pipelines, data queues, and / or applications running on UE 120) and control information from controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receiving processor 258 and / or controller / processor 280 may determine one or more parameters related to the transmission of uplink communication for received signals (such as those received from network node 110 or another UE). One or more parameters may include a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) parameter, a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter, a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) parameter, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) parameter, or a Transmit Power Control (TPC) parameter, etc. The control information may include indications of RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, TPC, and / or another parameter. Control information can facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for UE 120 by network node 110.

[0077] Transmitter 264 can generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as uplink DMRS, uplink sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or another type of reference signal. Symbols from transmitter 264 can be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, and further processed by an assembly of modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM). TX MIMO processor 266 can (where applicable) perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, and can provide an assembly of output symbol streams (e.g., U output symbol streams) to the assembly of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream can be provided to a corresponding modulator component (shown as MOD) of modem 254. Each modem 254 can use the corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., modulate) the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use a corresponding modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0078] Modems 254a to 254u can transmit a set of uplink signals (e.g., R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via a set of corresponding antennas 252. Uplink signals may include uplink control information (UCI) communications, MAC control element (MAC-CE) communications, RRC communications, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), and / or another type of uplink channel. Uplink signals may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmission (i.e., transmission directly between two or more UEs 120) typically uses techniques similar to those described for uplink data and control transmission and may use sidelink-specific channels such as the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), and / or Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH).

[0079] One or more antennas in the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc., or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or with one or more transmitting or receiving components (such as...) Figure 2 An antenna module is a combination of one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more components. As used herein, "antenna" can mean one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more collections of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. "Antenna panel" can mean a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel that can facilitate beamforming by manipulating the parameters of that group of antennas. "Antenna module" can mean a circuit that includes one or more antennas, and may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0080] In some examples, each antenna element of antenna 234 or antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. Antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. The spacing between antenna elements can allow signals with desired wavelengths transmitted individually by the antenna elements to interact or interfere (e.g., to form desired beams) in various directions. For example, given a desired wavelength or frequency range, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half a wavelength, or another fraction of the wavelength of the spacing between adjacent antenna elements to allow desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by individual antenna elements within that desired range. The amplitude and / or phase of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and (e.g., by manipulating phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes) shifted relative to each other to generate one or more beams, a process known as beamforming. The term "beam" can refer to the directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. "Beam" can also typically refer to the direction associated with such directional signal transmission, the set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (e.g., angle of arrival, horizontal direction and / or vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters indicating one or more aspects of the directional signal, the direction associated with the signal, and / or the set of directional resources associated with the signal.

[0081] Figure 1 or Figure 2 Network node 110, its controller / processor 240, UE 120, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU, DU, RU, or any other component may implement one or more technologies or perform one or more operations associated with dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, network node 110's controller / processor 240, UE 120's controller / processor 280, CU, DU, RU, or any other component may implement one or more technologies or perform one or more operations associated with dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. Figure 2 Any other component, CU, DU, or RU that can execute or instruct, for example Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12The operation of process 1200 or other processes as described herein (alone or in combination with one or more other processors). Memory 242 may store data and program code for network node 110, CU, DU, or RU. Memory 282 may store data and program code for UE 120. In some examples, memory 242 or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instruction sets (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. Memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). Memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same or different types). For example, the instruction set may cause one or more processors to execute (e.g., directly, or after compilation, transformation, or interpretation) when executed by one or more processors of network node 110, UE 120, CU, DU, or RU. Figure 11 Process 1100 Figure 12 The process 1200 or other processes as described herein. In some examples, the execution instructions may include run instructions, transform instructions, compile instructions and / or interpret instructions, etc. In some aspects, the IoT device in the environment described herein is UE 120, is included in UE 120, or includes Figure 2 One or more components of the UE 120 shown.

[0082] In some embodiments, one or more of a plurality of memories may be configured to store processor-executable code that, when executed, configures the one or more processors to perform the various functions described herein (as part of a processing system). In some other embodiments, the processing system may be pre-configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0083] In some aspects, UE 120 includes: components for receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and / or components for backscattering a random access preamble using at least one resource according to the dynamic indication. Components enabling UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0084] In some aspects, network node 110 includes: components for transmitting a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and / or components for receiving a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource according to the dynamic indication. Components enabling network node 110 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communication manager 150, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, a modem 232, an antenna 234, a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, or a scheduler 246.

[0085] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating Example 300 associated with backscatter communication.

[0086] Some wireless communication devices can be considered IoT devices, such as environmental IoT devices (sometimes called ultralight IoT devices) or similar IoT devices. In environmental IoT, the terminal (e.g., RFID device, tag, or similar device) may not include a battery, and the terminal can accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks can utilize a type of environmental IoT device known as an "environmental backscattering device" or "backscattering device".

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, a backscattering device 305 (e.g., a tag or sensor, etc.), which may be an example of an environmental IoT device, can employ a simplified hardware design (e.g., including a power divider, energy harvester, and microcontroller). This hardware design does not include a battery, allowing the backscattering device 305 to rely on energy harvesting for power, and does not include radio wave generation circuitry, enabling the backscattering device 305 to transmit information solely by reflecting radio waves. More specifically, the backscattering device 305 communicates with a reader 308 (e.g., UE 120, network node 110, or another network device) by modulating reflected radio signals from an RF source 310 (e.g., network node 110, UE 120, or another network device). In some examples, the RF source 310 and the reader 308 may be the same device and / or may be co-located. For example, in some instances, the reader 308 and the RF source 310 may be associated with the same network node 110.

[0088] To facilitate communication with backscattering device 305, RF source 310 may send an energy harvesting wave to backscattering device 305. The energy harvesting wave may be sent for a sufficient duration to achieve a target range communication phase between reader 308 and backscattering device 305. Additionally or alternatively, in some instances, the range between RF source 310 and backscattering device 305 may be limited by a minimum received power, such as -20 dBm, to trigger energy harvesting at backscattering device 305.

[0089] Once sufficient energy has accumulated at backscattering device 305, backscattering device 305 can begin reflecting radio waves radiated to it via backscattering link 315. For example, RF source 310 can initiate a communication session (sometimes referred to as query-response communication) using a query, which can be a modulated envelope of a continuous wave (CW). Backscattering device 305 can respond by backscattering the CW. The communication session can include multiple rounds, such as for contention resolution purposes when multiple backscattering devices respond to a query. The channel between RF source 310 and backscattering device 305 in backscattering link 315 can be associated with a first backscattering link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a first backscattering link channel coefficient or first backscattering link gain value) hBD. As described below, backscattering device 305 can have reflection on and reflection off periods that follow at least in part based on the pattern of information bits transmitted by backscattering device 305. Reader 308 can detect the reflection pattern of backscattering device 305 and obtain backscattering communication information via backscattering link 315. The channel between the reader 308 and the backscattering device 305 of the backscattering link 315 can be associated with a second backscattering link channel response value (sometimes referred to as the second backscattering link channel coefficient or the second backscattering link channel gain value) hDU. Furthermore, the RF source 310 and the reader 308 can communicate (e.g., reference signals and / or data signals) via the direct link 320. The channel between the RF source 310 and the reader 308 of the direct link 320 can be associated with a direct link channel response value (sometimes referred to as the direct link channel coefficient or the direct link channel gain value) hBU.

[0090] The backscattering device 305 can use information modulation schemes such as amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation or on / off keying (OOK) modulation. For ASK or OOK modulation, the backscattering device 305 can enable reflection when transmitting an information bit "1" and disable reflection when transmitting an information bit "0". In backscatter communication, the RF source 310 can transmit a specific radio wave (e.g., a reference signal or data signal, such as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)), which can be represented as x(n). The reader 308 can receive the radio wave x(n) directly from the RF source 310 via a direct link 320, and receive the radio wave from the backscattering device 305, which modulates the radio wave and reflects it to the reader 308, via a backscattering link 315. The signal received at the reader 308 via the direct link 320 (indicated by reference numeral 325) is the product of the radio wave x(n) transmitted by the RF source 310 and the direct link channel response value hBU, plus any signal noise. The information bit signal of the backscattering device 305 can be represented as s(n), where s(n)∈{0,1}. Therefore, the signal received at the reader 308 via the backscattering link 315 (indicated by reference numeral 330) is the product of the signal x(n) transmitted by the RF source 310, the first backscattering link channel response value hBD, the second backscattering link channel response value hDU, the information bit signal s(n) from the backscattering device 305, and the reflection coefficient associated with the backscattering device 305, plus any noise.

[0091] Therefore, the signal received at reader 308 (i.e., the superposition of the signal received via direct link 320 and the signal received via backscatter link 315) can be represented as y(n). This signal y(n) is indicated by reference numeral 335. As shown, when s(n) = 0 (indicated by reference numeral 340 in the graph shown at reference numeral 330), backscattering device 305 can turn off reflection, and thus reader 308 receives only the direct link 320 signal. When s(n) = 1 (indicated by reference numeral 345 in the graph shown at reference numeral 330), backscattering device 305 can turn on reflection, and thus reader 308 receives the superposition of both the direct link 320 signal and the backscatter link 315 signal. To receive the information bits transmitted by backscattering device 305, reader 308 can first decode x(n) by treating the backscatter link 315 signal as interference, at least in part based on the direct link channel response value h_BU(n). Then, reader 308 can detect the presence of the signal component. In some instances, the backscatter device 305 may not maintain the state from one communication session to another, except for the contents stored in the memory of the backscatter device 305, such as the electronic product code (EPC) or similar information associated with the backscatter device 305.

[0092] Figure 4 This is an illustration of example 400 associated with an inventory process for RFID. Example 400 may involve communication between interrogator 410 (e.g., reader) and tag 420 (e.g., environmental IoT device).

[0093] In the first operation 430, the interrogator 410 may issue and the tag 420 may receive a query command (e.g., “Query”), a query adjustment command (e.g., “QueryAdjust”), or a query repeat command (e.g., “QueryRep”). A query may initiate a rollback. Upon receiving a query, the tag 420 may be in the range (0, 2). Q -1) Select a random value (including endpoints) and load that random value into the slot counter of tag 420. If tag 420 loads a non-zero random value into the slot counter, tag 420 can avoid responding to the query.

[0094] In the second operation 440, tag 420 may enter a response state and backscatter a 16-bit random number (RN16). For example, if tag 420 loads a random value of zero into a time slot counter, tag 420 may transition to the response state and respond to the query with RN16. RN16 can serve as a temporary identifier for tag 420.

[0095] In the third operation 450, the interrogator 410 may acknowledge tag 420 by issuing an acknowledgment command (“ACK”). In some examples, the ACK may contain RN16 (e.g., the ACK may respond to the backscattered RN16 of tag 420). Thus, the interrogator 410 may issue ACKs tag by tag. In some examples, the ACK may contain two bits (e.g., “01”) and a random number (e.g., the responding RN16 or a handle). If the ACK is unsuccessful (e.g., if the RN16 in the ACK is invalid), tag 420 may avoid replying with a response to the ACK.

[0096] In the fourth operation 460, if the ACK is successful (e.g., if RN16 is valid), tag 420 can respond with a response to the ACK. For example, once acknowledged, tag 420 can transition to an acknowledged state and backscatter a response containing a Protocol Control (PC) word, an Extended PC (XPC) word, and / or an EPC. For example, the response may include an indication of {PC / XPC, EPC}. In some examples, the response may be 21 to 528 bits.

[0097] In the fifth operation 470, the interrogator issues a request for a new random number (“Req_RN”). Req_RN may contain RN16. If RN16 in Req_RN is invalid (e.g., if RN16 does not match the RN16 received from tag 420), tag 420 may avoid replying to Req_RN.

[0098] In the sixth operation 480, if RN16 in Req_RN is valid (e.g., if RN16 matches RN16 received from tag 420), tag 420 can respond with a handle. This handle can serve as an identifier for tag 420.

[0099] In the seventh operation 490, the interrogator can access tag 420 by sending a command (e.g., an access command) to tag 420 using a handle as a parameter. For example, the command may include a handle. Upon receiving the command, tag 420 may verify the handle. If the handle in the command does not match the handle provided by tag 420, tag 420 may ignore the command. If the handle in the command matches the handle provided by tag 420, tag 420 may perform one or more operations based on the command.

[0100] Additionally or alternatively, in the first operation 430, the interrogator 410 may issue a QueryAdjust or QueryRep command. For example, after issuing a Query to initiate an inventory round, the interrogator 410 may issue one or more QueryAdjust and / or QueryRep commands. If the tag 420 loads a non-zero random value into the slot counter, the tag 420 may avoid responding to the Query and instead perform one or more operations in response to the QueryAdjust and / or QueryRep commands.

[0101] If tag 420 is in arbitration or response state when it receives QueryAdjust, tag 420 can selectively adjust Q. For example, tag 420 can increase Q, decrease Q, or keep Q unchanged. Tag 420 can adjust Q within the range (0, 2). Q -1) Select a random value within (including the endpoint) and load the random value into the slot counter of tag 420. If tag 420 loads the random value zero into the slot counter, tag 420 may continue as described above in conjunction with the second operation 440 (e.g., tag 420 may transition to the response state and respond to QueryAdjust with RN16).

[0102] If tag 420 is in the arbitration state when it receives a QueryRep, tag 420 may decrement its slot counter. If the slot counter reaches zero (e.g., 0000h), tag 420 may transition to the reply state and backscatter RN16. If the slot counter reaches zero (e.g., 0000h), tag 420 replies to the QueryRep (and / or Query), and the interrogator 410 does not acknowledge tag 420, tag 420 may return to the arbitration state with a slot value of 0000h. In this example, in response to receiving a subsequent QueryRep, tag 420 may decrement the slot value from 0000h to 7FFFh, effectively preventing further replies until tag 420 loads a new random value into the slot counter.

[0103] At any point during Example 400, the interrogator 410 may issue a negative ACK command (NAK). The NAK may contain eight bits (e.g., "11000000"). All tags that receive a NAK during a storage round may return to the arbitration state without changing the tag's corresponding storage flag. For example, tag 420 may receive a NAK and return to the arbitration state without changing its storage flag. If tag 420 receives a NAK while its current state is either ready or terminated, tag 420 may ignore the NAK and remain in its current state.

[0104] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating Example 500, which demonstrates a four-step random access procedure. (See diagram for example.) Figure 5 As shown, network node 110 and UE 120 can communicate with each other to perform a four-step random access procedure.

[0105] The four-step random access procedure can be initiated by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) command, by a MAC entity, or by an RRC. In some examples, operations 505 through 520 can be associated with downlink synchronization. In the first operation 505, network node 110 can send and UE 120 can receive one or more SSBs and / or Physical Broadcast Channels (PBCHs). In the second operation 510, UE 120 can perform downlink synchronization using the SSBs and / or PBCHs. In the third operation 515, network node 110 can send and UE 120 can receive System Information Blocks (SIBs), such as SIB1. SIB1 and / or the SSB can indicate random access configuration information, such as for contention-based random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for sending random access messages and / or one or more parameters for receiving random access responses (RARs). In the fourth operation 520, UE 120 can use Control Resource Set (CORESET) 0 to decode SIB1.

[0106] In some examples, operations 525 through 535 may be associated with uplink synchronization and / or uplink scheduling. In the fifth operation 525, UE 120 may transmit a PRACH, which may include a preamble (sometimes referred to as a random access message, random access preamble, PRACH preamble, or random access message preamble). The message including the preamble may be referred to as message 1, msg1, MSG1, first message, or initial message in the four-step random access procedure. msg1 may be scrambled with a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI). The random access message may include a random access preamble identifier. When initiating a four-step random access procedure, UE 120 may select a set of random access resources and initialize one or more parameters for the four-step random access procedure. For example, UE 120 may use specific time-domain / frequency-domain resources, specific sequence numbers, and / or specific preamble formats (e.g., type or length, etc.) to transmit the PRACH. When sending PRACH, UE 120 may start a timer (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow timer) and monitor the response from network node 110.

[0107] In the sixth operation 530, network node 110 may send a RAR as a response to the preamble. The message including the RAR may be referred to as message 2, msg2, MSG2, or the second message in the four-step random access procedure. msg2 may be scrambled with a Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (TC-RNTI). In some respects, the RAR may indicate the detected random access preamble identifier (e.g., received from UE 120 in msg1). Additionally or alternatively, the RAR may indicate the resource allocation to be used by UE 120 to transmit message 3 (msg3). For example, the RAR may indicate uplink timing adjustments for scheduling msg3.

[0108] In some respects, as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, network node 110 may send PDCCH communication for the RAR. This PDCCH communication may schedule PDSCH communication that includes the RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate resource allocation for the PDSCH communication. Also as part of the second step of the four-step random access procedure, network node 110 may send PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in the MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of the PDSCH communication.

[0109] In operation 7, 535, UE 120 may send an RRC connection request message. The RRC connection request message may be referred to as message 3, msg3, MSG3, or a third message in the four-step random access procedure. UE 120 may send msg3 according to the scheduling facilitated by RAR. In some aspects, the RRC connection request may include a UE identifier, UCI, and / or PUSCH communication (e.g., RRC connection request). For example, the UE identifier may be used for contention resolution. When sending PRACH, UE 120 may start a timer (e.g., ra-ContentionResolutionTimer) and monitor for responses from network node 110 to contention resolution.

[0110] In some examples, the eighth operation 540 may be associated with contention resolution. In the eighth operation 540, network node 110 may send an RRC connection establishment message (e.g., a response to contention resolution). The RRC connection establishment message may be referred to as message 4 of the four-step random access procedure, msg4, MSG4, or the fourth message. msg4 may be scrambled with the Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI). In some aspects, the RRC connection establishment message may include the detected UE identifier, timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. In the ninth operation 545, if UE 120 successfully receives the RRC connection establishment message, UE 120 may send a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) ACK.

[0111] If UE 120 fails to transmit the preamble, or if contention resolution fails, UE 120 may select a random backoff time based on a uniform distribution between zero and the value of the preamble_backoff parameter. Before reaching the maximum allowed number of preamble retransmissions, UE 120 may increase the preamble transmission power according to a configured step size value.

[0112] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating Example 600, which demonstrates a two-step random access procedure. For example... Figure 6 As shown, network node 110 and UE 120 can communicate with each other to perform a two-step random access procedure.

[0113] In the first operation 605, network node 110 may send and UE 120 may receive one or more SSBs and random access configuration information. In some aspects, the random access configuration information may be sent in system information and / or SSBs (e.g., in one or more SSBs), and / or indicated by the system information and / or SSBs, such as for contention-based random access. Additionally or alternatively, the random access configuration information may be sent in RRC messages and / or PDCCH command messages that trigger the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure, such as for contention-free random access. The random access configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the two-step random access procedure, such as one or more parameters for sending RAM and / or receiving RAM in the RAR.

[0114] In the second operation 610, UE 120 may send and network node 110 may receive a RAM preamble. In the third operation 615, UE 120 may send and network node 110 may receive a RAM payload. As shown, as part of the initial (or first) step of a two-step random access procedure, UE 120 may send a RAM preamble and a RAM payload to network node 110. In some aspects, the RAM may be referred to as message A, msgA, the first message, or the initial message in the two-step random access procedure. Furthermore, in some aspects, the RAM preamble may be referred to as message A preamble, msgA preamble, preamble, or PRACH preamble, and the RAM payload may be referred to as message A payload, msgA payload, or payload. In some aspects, the RAM may include some or all of the contents of message 1 (msg1) and message 3 (msg3) in the four-step random access procedure described in more detail below. For example, the RAM preamble may include some or all of the contents of message 1 (e.g., PRACH preamble), and the RAM payload may include some or all of the contents of message 3 (e.g., UE identifier, UCI and / or PUSCH transmission).

[0115] In the fourth operation 620, network node 110 may receive a RAM preamble sent by UE 120. If network node 110 successfully receives and decodes the RAM preamble, network node 110 may then receive and decode the RAM payload.

[0116] In the fifth operation 625, network node 110 may send a RAR (sometimes referred to as a RAR message). As shown, network node 110 may send a RAR message as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure. In some aspects, the RAR message may be referred to as message B, msgB, or the second message in the two-step random access procedure. The RAR message may include some or all of the contents of message 2 (msg2) and message 4 (msg4) in the four-step random access procedure. For example, the RAR message may include the detected PRACH preamble identifier, the detected UE identifier, timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information.

[0117] In the sixth operation 630, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, network node 110 may send PDCCH communication for RAR. This PDCCH communication may schedule PDSCH communication including RAR. For example, the PDCCH communication may indicate resource allocation for PDSCH communication (e.g., in DCI).

[0118] In the seventh operation 635, as part of the second step of the two-step random access procedure, network node 110 may send a PDSCH communication for the RAR, as scheduled by the PDCCH communication. The RAR may be included in the MAC PDU of the PDSCH communication. In the eighth operation 640, if UE 120 successfully receives the RAR, UE 120 may send a HARQ ACK.

[0119] Environmental IoT devices can participate in the initial access process (e.g., a random access process). In some examples, network node 110 may send information indicating resources for initial access. The environmental IoT device may initiate random access, monitor responses from network node 110, and jointly perform contention resolution with network node 110. In some instances, the initial access process may fail. For example, the environmental IoT device may fail to receive a response or perform contention resolution. Initial access failure may result in high latency, high collision probability, and / or suboptimal resource allocation.

[0120] For example, following the above combination Figure 4 The described RFID process may introduce significant latency because IoT devices can only respond to commands in environments where the Q parameter is set to zero. Following the above... Figure 5 The four-step random access process described and / or the above combined Figure 6 The described two-step random access process may lead to a conflict.

[0121] For example, collisions may occur in the presence of a large number of environmental IoT devices. For instance, environmental IoT devices may not be equipped with power amplifiers, and therefore may not be able to increase the transmission power used for preamble retransmission. Consequently, environmental IoT devices may experience near-far issues. Furthermore, network node 110 may allocate too many or too few resources for preamble retransmission. Allocating too many resources may result in wasted (e.g., unused) resources, while allocating too few resources may lead to further collisions.

[0122] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating example 700 associated with a dynamic indication used for a backscattered random access preamble. (See diagram for example.) Figure 7 As shown, network node 110 and environmental IoT device 710 can communicate with each other. In some examples, environmental IoT device 710 may correspond to UE 120. In some examples, environmental IoT device 710 may be a type A environmental IoT device or a type B environmental IoT device. Type A and type B environmental IoT devices may use backscatter transmission instead of independent signal generation.

[0123] In the first operation 720, network node 110 can send and environmental IoT device 710 can receive dynamic indications for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins. A frequency bin can be a frequency range in which one or more environmental IoT devices, including environmental IoT device 710, are configured to communicate (e.g., to backscatter one or more preambles). For example, a frequency bin can be a subset of one or more sets of frequency resources, each set associated with energy storage and the number of retransmissions by one or more environmental IoT devices. Each frequency bin can correspond to a specified downlink measurement range.

[0124] In some examples, a single frequency bin may contain one or more frequency shifts. A frequency shift may be a frequency range less than or equal to that of the frequency bin. For example, network node 110 may classify (e.g., partition) frequency shifts into different frequency bins. Alternatively, network node 110 may classify (e.g., partition) frequency shifts within the same set into different frequency bins.

[0125] One or more resources may be associated with one or more frequency bins, as one or more environmental IoT devices may be configured to backscatter one or more transmissions within one or more frequency bins using one or more resources. In some examples, the resource may be a frequency resource associated with a frequency bin (e.g., the resource may be one or more frequencies within the frequency range of the frequency bin). In some examples, the resource may be a time resource associated with a frequency bin (e.g., the resource may be one or more time resources, wherein the environmental IoT device 710 is configured to backscatter transmissions within the frequency bin). The indication may be dynamic, as it may respond to a previous transmission made by the environmental IoT device 710. For example, the indication may respond to a previous preamble transmission used for initial access (e.g., a failed initial access procedure).

[0126] Network node 110 may indicate information for RACH (e.g., preamble) transmission and / or retransmission in a dynamic indication. For example, network node 110 may indicate the corresponding resource for each frequency compartment. In some examples, different sets of one or more resources may correspond to different downlink signal strengths (e.g., resources may be partitioned based on different downlink strength measurements). For example, different frequency compartments may correspond to different downlink signal strengths. For example, environmental IoT device 710 may use downlink signal strength measurements to select resources (e.g., at least one resource) for initial access.

[0127] In some respects, dynamic indications can indicate one or more adjustments to one or more resources. For example, network node 110 can use dynamic indications to dynamically adjust resources for different frequency bins. For instance, if some frequency bins have a high collision rate due to a large number of environmental IoT devices simultaneously attempting to access the network, and if other frequency bins have few or no environmental IoT devices attempting to access the network, the network node can allocate more resources to the frequency bins with a large number of environmental IoT devices and fewer resources to the frequency bins with few or no environmental IoT devices.

[0128] Dynamic indications can be configured for one or more resources used for RACH transmission and / or transmission. In some aspects, dynamic indications can indicate multiple resources (e.g., including one or more resources) associated with one or more frequency modules (e.g., including multiple frequency modules). For example, network node 110 can dynamically indicate the resources used for each frequency module.

[0129] In some respects, dynamic indicators can indicate one or more index values ​​associated with a table, corresponding to one or more resources. Index values ​​can be associated with a table because they can be stored in a table. This table can be predefined and can associate resources with frequency warehouses. For example, a network node can indicate an index (e.g., an index value) to identify how resources should be allocated to a frequency warehouse.

[0130] In some respects, dynamic indications can indicate one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to one or more resources. For example, for each frequency compartment, network node 110 can use several (e.g., two) bits to indicate whether a resource is being increased or decreased relative to a configured or pre-configured resource. For example, network node 110 can use two bits to indicate a resource adjustment. A frequency compartment value of "00" can indicate no adjustment; a frequency compartment value of "01" can indicate adding N frequency shifts to the frequency compartment; a frequency compartment value of "10" can indicate removing N frequency shifts from the frequency compartment; and a frequency compartment value of "11" can be retained or indicate adding M frequency shifts to or removing M frequency shifts from the frequency compartment.

[0131] In some respects (e.g., where a dynamic indication indicates one or more bits), one or more resources may be equally distributed among one or more frequency blocks before the dynamic indication is received. For example, resources for transmitting the first preamble may be equally distributed among one or more frequency blocks.

[0132] In some respects (e.g., where a dynamic indication indicates one or more bits), one or more resources can be configured based on the distribution of environmental IoT devices (e.g., including environmental IoT device 710) associated with one or more frequency bins before the dynamic indication is received. For example, resources for the transmission of the first preamble can be configured (e.g., pre-configured) based on the distribution of environmental IoT devices. The distribution of environmental IoT devices can be a physical distribution of environmental IoT devices, such as a static physical distribution of environmental IoT devices (e.g., in a factory environment). Therefore, resources can be configured or pre-configured based on the distribution of environmental IoT devices.

[0133] In some aspects, the dynamic indication can indicate one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements. The measurement window length can be associated with downlink signal strength measurements because downlink signal strength measurements can occur within the measurement window length. For example, an environmental IoT device 710 can measure downlink signal strength within the measurement window length.

[0134] In some aspects, the dynamic indication may not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles to be transmitted. For example, the environmental IoT device 710 may retransmit the RACH until it can connect to the network node 110. In other aspects, the dynamic indication may indicate the maximum number of random access preambles to be transmitted. For example, the network node 110 may indicate the maximum number of RACH retransmissions allowed for the environmental IoT device 710.

[0135] In the second operation 730, based on dynamic instructions and using at least one resource, the environmental IoT device 710 can backscatter a random access preamble, and the network node 110 can receive the backscattered random access preamble. For example, in at least one resource, the environmental IoT device 710 can backscatter a random access preamble, and the network node 110 can receive the random access preamble. For example, in time resources and / or frequency resources associated with a frequency bin, the environmental IoT device 710 can backscatter a random access preamble, and the network node 110 can receive the random access preamble. In some examples, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform RACH retransmission using at least one resource.

[0136] In some aspects, during a first frequency shift in one of one or more frequency modules, the environmental IoT device 710 may backscatter another random access preamble, and the network node 110 may receive the other backscattered random access preamble. During a second frequency shift in the frequency module, the environmental IoT device 710 may backscatter a random access preamble, and the network node 110 may receive the backscattered random access preamble after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble. For example, the environmental IoT device 710 may select a different frequency shift within the same module for retransmission compared to a previous transmission.

[0137] In some aspects, within one of one or more frequency compartments, the environmental IoT device 710 can backscatter another random access preamble, and the network node 110 can receive the other backscattered random access preamble. Within the frequency compartment, the environmental IoT device 710 can backscatter the random access preamble, and the network node 110 can receive the backscattered random access preamble after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble. The number of repetitions associated with the backscattered random access preamble can be greater than the number of repetitions associated with the other backscattered random access preamble. For example, the environmental IoT device 710 can retransmit the preamble at the same frequency as previously transmitted but with a greater repetition than the previous transmission. For example, the environmental IoT device 710 can first transmit the preamble once, and then retransmit the preamble twice.

[0138] Using at least one dynamically indicated resource backscattered random access preamble and / or received backscattered random access preamble can reduce latency and collision rate associated with transmissions (e.g., retransmissions) for initial access to the environmental IoT device 710 and / or improve resource allocation. For example, network node 110 can dynamically indicate resources associated with one or more frequency blocks, thereby mitigating collisions and / or reducing latency by preventing resources from having few or no environmental IoT devices and / or too many environmental IoT devices. Additionally or alternatively, dynamic indication can address proximity issues (e.g., different frequency blocks may correspond to different downlink signal strengths). Thus, dynamic indication enables environmental IoT devices with limited transmission capabilities to access network node 110 using low power consumption.

[0139] The dynamic indicator indicates multiple resources, which allows for the introduction of additional ambient IoT devices attempting to access network node 110 during RACH transmission without using excessive memory resources of ambient IoT device 710. The dynamic indicator indicates one or more index values ​​associated with a table, which reduces the payload and power consumption of ambient IoT device 710 while allowing for the introduction of additional ambient IoT devices attempting to access network node 110 during RACH transmission. The dynamic indicator indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to one or more resources, which further reduces the payload and power consumption of the ambient IoT device without using excessive memory resources of the ambient IoT device.

[0140] The dynamic indicator does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles to be sent, which increases the probability that the ambient IoT device 710 can connect to the network node 110 by enabling the ambient IoT device 710 to continue to re-initiate the initial access procedure. The dynamic indicator indicates the maximum number of random access preambles to be sent, which reduces the overhead and / or power consumption of the ambient IoT device 710 by limiting the number of retries in the initial access procedure.

[0141] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating example 800 associated with predefined rules for adding or removing one or more resources from one or more frequency bins.

[0142] In some respects (e.g., where a dynamic indicator indicates one or more bits), a dynamic indicator may indicate: removing one or more resources from a first frequency warehouse and adding one or more resources to a second frequency warehouse based on a first index value of a first frequency warehouse in one or more frequency warehouses matching a second index value of a second frequency warehouse in one or more frequency warehouses. For example, a frequency warehouse with a given order index in a frequency warehouse indicated to add a given number of resources may use the added resources from another frequency warehouse with the same order index in a frequency warehouse indicated to remove the same number of resources.

[0143] For example, in the first operation 810, multiple frequency modules (modules 1 to 6) may be configured with an equal number of resources for initial transmission (e.g., initial preamble transmission). In the second operation 820, modules 1 to 6 may be reconfigured with different numbers of resources (e.g., using dynamic indication). For example, modules 1 and 4 may be indicated to add N frequency shifts, modules 3 and 6 may be indicated to remove N frequency shifts, module 2 may be indicated to add M frequency shifts, and module 5 may be indicated to remove M frequency shifts. Module 1 may have the lowest index value among the modules indicated to add N frequency shifts (e.g., modules 1 and 4), and module 3 may have the lowest index value among the modules indicated to remove N frequency shifts (e.g., modules 3 and 6). Therefore, the frequency shifts removed from module 3 may be added to module 1. Similarly, since warehouse 4 can have the highest index value among warehouses indicated to add N frequency shifts (e.g., warehouses 1 and 4), and warehouse 6 can have the highest index value among warehouses indicated to remove N frequency shifts (e.g., warehouses 3 and 6), the frequency shifts removed from warehouse 6 can be added to warehouse 4. Warehouse 2 can be the only warehouse indicated to add M frequency shifts, and warehouse 5 can be the only warehouse indicated to remove M frequency shifts; therefore, the frequency shifts removed from warehouse 5 can be added to warehouse 2.

[0144] Figure 9 These are illustrations of examples 900 to 930 associated with a Q-based response. Referring to example 900, in some aspects, the dynamic indication may indicate a Q parameter associated with multiple frequency modules (e.g., including one or more frequency modules). A Q parameter may be associated with multiple frequency modules because a Q parameter may be a common Q parameter of multiple frequency modules (e.g., all frequency shifts and / or frequency modules in the multiple frequency modules).

[0145] Referring to Example 910, in some aspects, the dynamic indicator can indicate multiple Q parameters associated with multiple frequency blocks (e.g., including one or more frequency blocks). For example, the dynamic indicator can indicate a specified Q parameter for each frequency block and / or frequency shift.

[0146] Referring to Examples 920 and 930, in some aspects, dynamic indications may include commands for adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 2 or greater, or a decrement of 2 or greater. In some examples, the command may be referred to as Querynew. Unlike QueryAdjust, which may only allow adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 1 or a decrement of 1, Querynew allows adjusting the Q parameter to any suitable Q value.

[0147] Network node 110 can adjust the Q value used for preamble retransmission based on previous transmissions without introducing additional environmental IoT devices in that round. For example, for the initial transmission, network node 110 can configure a common Q parameter for all frequency modules (e.g., as shown in Example 900), and for preamble retransmissions, network node 110 can configure a smaller Q for frequency modules with relatively few environmental IoT devices and a larger Q for frequency modules with relatively many environmental IoT devices. In some examples, the adjusted Q value can be greater than one (e.g., Q can be adjusted to a value greater than one).

[0148] As shown in Example 930, if the Querynew indicator Q equals one, the IoT device 710 in an environment that has previously performed a preamble transmission may directly perform a preamble retransmission at the second available time. As shown in Example 930, if the Querynew indicator Q equals zero, the IoT device 710 in an environment that has previously performed a preamble transmission may directly perform a preamble retransmission at the next available time.

[0149] In some examples, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform functions based on Query, QueryAdjust, QueryRep, and / or Querynew commands. For example, bit "00" can indicate Query, bit "01" can indicate QueryAdjust, bit "10" can indicate QueryRep, and bit "11" can indicate Querynew.

[0150] The dynamic indication specifies the Q parameters associated with multiple frequency bins, allowing the initial access process to proceed even when network node 110 cannot determine how many environmental IoT devices want to access network node 110 for each frequency bin. The dynamic indication specifies multiple Q parameters corresponding to multiple frequency bins, allowing the initial access process to proceed even when network node 110 can determine how many environmental IoT devices want to access network node 110 for each frequency bin. For example, if the number of environmental IoT devices is low, network node 110 can decrease Q, which reduces latency. If the number of environmental IoT devices is high, network node 110 can increase Q, which reduces the number of collisions. The dynamic indication includes commands for adjusting the Q parameters by an increment of 2 or greater, or a decrement of 2 or greater, providing network node 110 with the flexibility to reassign the Q parameters to any suitable value.

[0151] In some aspects, based on one or more downlink signal strength measurements, in one of one or more frequency compartments, the environmental IoT device 710 may backscatter another random access preamble, and the network node 110 may receive the other backscattered random access preamble. For example, the environmental IoT device 710 may perform one or more downlink measurements (e.g., one or more downlink signal strength measurements) and reselect the preamble using the downlink measurements.

[0152] The environmental IoT device 710 can perform downlink measurements at any suitable time. In some examples, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform downlink measurements before each preamble retransmission. In some examples, if the environmental IoT device 710 does not receive a response to the transmitted preamble from network node 110, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform downlink measurements before the next preamble retransmission. For example, if the initial access procedure fails due to a collision (e.g., rather than due to a poor downlink measurement), the environmental IoT device 710 can avoid re-performing the downlink measurement.

[0153] In some examples, the environmental IoT device 710 may transmit a preamble with the same number of repetitions as the previous preamble transmission. In other examples, the environmental IoT device 710 may transmit a preamble with a greater number of repetitions than the previous preamble transmission.

[0154] Figure 10A and Figure 10B These are illustrations of Examples 1000 to 1030 associated with performing one or more downlink measurements.

[0155] refer to Figure 10AAs shown in Example 1000, the environmental IoT device 710 can independently re-perform downlink measurements within a measurement window of equal length. As shown in Example 1010, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform downlink measurements within a measurement window of equal length and average the current downlink measurement with one or more previous downlink measurements.

[0156] refer to Figure 10B In Examples 1020 and 1030, the environmental IoT device 710 can perform downlink measurements within measurement windows with increasing window lengths. For example, the measurement window length can be increased based on a fixed step size or a dynamic indication of the measured window length from network node 110. In Example 1020, the measurement window length increases with each measurement window. For example, the timing of increasing the measurement window length can be controlled by increasing the measurement window length for each downlink measurement. In Example 1030, the measurement window length increases once every N (e.g., two) measurement windows. For example, the timing of increasing the measurement window length can be controlled by increasing the measurement window length for every N downlink measurements. In some examples, N can be configured or pre-configured.

[0157] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of example process 1100 performed at a UE or device of a UE that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble. Example process 1100 is an example of an operation performed by a device or UE (e.g., UE 120) associated with dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble.

[0158] like Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency modules (block 1110). For example, a UE (such as by using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 140 or receiving component 1302 depicted herein may receive dynamic indications for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency modules, as described above.

[0159] like Figure 11 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include backscattering a random access preamble using at least one resource according to a dynamic indication (box 1120). For example, a UE (such as by using...) Figure 13 The communication manager 140 or backscattering component 1308 depicted herein can backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource, as described above, according to a dynamic instruction.

[0160] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described in one or more other processes described below or in conjunction with other parts of this document.

[0161] In the first additional aspect, the dynamic indication indicates one or more adjustments to one or more resources.

[0162] In the second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, one or more frequency bins include multiple frequency bins, one or more resources include multiple resources, and dynamic indication indicates multiple resources.

[0163] In the third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the dynamic indication indicates one or more index values ​​associated with the table and corresponding to one or more resources.

[0164] In the fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the dynamic indication indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to one or more resources.

[0165] In the fifth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, one or more resources are equally distributed among one or more frequency bins before a dynamic instruction is received.

[0166] In the sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, one or more resources are configured according to the distribution of environmental IoT devices, including the environmental IoT devices, associated with one or more frequency bins, prior to receiving a dynamic instruction.

[0167] In the seventh additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the dynamic instruction indicates: removing one or more resources from the first frequency warehouse and adding one or more resources to the second frequency warehouse based on a first index value of the first frequency warehouse in one or more frequency warehouses matching a second index value of the second frequency warehouse in one or more frequency warehouses.

[0168] In the eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, one or more frequency modules include multiple frequency modules, and a dynamic indicator indicates the Q parameters associated with the multiple frequency modules.

[0169] although Figure 11 An example box for process 1100 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 11 Compared to the boxes depicted, process 1100 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0170] Figure 12 This is an example flowchart of example process 1200 performed at a network node or device that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble. Example process 1200 is an example of an operation performed by a device or network node (e.g., network node 110) associated with dynamic indication for backscattered random access preamble.

[0171] like Figure 12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include sending a dynamic indication to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins (box 1210). For example, network nodes (such as those using...) Figure 14 The communication manager 150 or transmitting component 1404 depicted herein can transmit dynamic instructions to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency modules, as described above.

[0172] like Figure 12 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include receiving a backscattered random access preamble (box 1220) using at least one resource according to a dynamic indication. For example, network nodes (such as those using...) Figure 14 The communication manager 150 or receiving component 1402 depicted herein can receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource, as described above, according to dynamic instructions.

[0173] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described in one or more other processes described below or in conjunction with other parts of this document.

[0174] In the first additional aspect, one or more frequency modules include multiple frequency modules, and the dynamic indicator indicates multiple Q parameters corresponding to the multiple frequency modules.

[0175] In the second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the dynamic indication includes commands for adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 2 or greater or a decrement of 2 or greater.

[0176] In a third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the dynamic indication indicates one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0177] In the fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the dynamic indication does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles to be sent.

[0178] In the fifth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the dynamic indication indicates the maximum number of random access preambles to be sent.

[0179] In a sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, process 1200 includes: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in a first frequency shift of one of the one or more frequency bins, and receiving the backscattered random access preamble includes: receiving the backscattered random access preamble in a second frequency shift of the frequency bin after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble.

[0180] In a seventh additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, process 1200 includes: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in one of the one or more frequency bins, receiving the backscattered random access preamble including: receiving the backscattered random access preamble in the frequency bin after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble, and the number of repetitions associated with the backscattered random access preamble is greater than the other number of repetitions associated with the other backscattered random access preamble.

[0181] In the eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, process 1200 includes: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in one of the one or more frequency bins based on one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0182] although Figure 12 An example box for process 1200 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 12 Compared to the boxes depicted, process 1200 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in process 1200 may be executed in parallel.

[0183] Figure 13 This is a diagram of an example device 1300 for wireless communication that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preambles. Device 1300 may be a UE, or a UE may include device 1300. In some aspects, device 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a transmitting component 1304, and a communication manager 140 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). As shown, device 1300 can use the receiving component 1302 and the transmitting component 1304 to communicate with another device 1306 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device).

[0184] In some respects, device 1300 may be configured and / or operable to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 10B One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the device 1300 may be configured and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 11 The process 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may include the above-described combination. Figure 2 One or more components of the UE as described.

[0185] Receiver 1302 may receive communications from device 1306, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications. Receiver 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1300, such as communication manager 140. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, receiver 1302 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories.

[0186] Transmitting component 1304 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to device 1306. In some aspects, communication manager 140 can generate communications and send the generated communications to transmitting component 1304 for transmission to device 1306. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and send the processed signals to device 1306. In some aspects, transmitting component 1304 may include the above-described combinations. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories. In some aspects, the transmit component 1304 may co-located with the receive component 1302 in one or more transceivers.

[0187] The communication manager 140 may receive, or cause the receiving component 1302 to receive, a dynamic indication for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The communication manager 140 may, based on the dynamic indication, backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more operations as described elsewhere herein by one or more components of the communication manager 140.

[0188] Communication manager 140 may include the above-mentioned components. Figure 2 The described UE includes one or more controllers / processors and / or one or more memories. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 includes a set of components such as the backscatter component 1308. Alternatively, this set of components may be separate from and distinct from the communication manager 140. In some aspects, one or more components in this set of components may include those described above. Figure 2 The described UE may have one or more controllers / processors and / or one or more memories, or may be implemented therein. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least partially as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion thereof) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0189] The receiving component 1302 can receive a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The backscattering component 1308 can backscatter a random access preamble using at least one resource based on the dynamic indication.

[0190] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 13 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 13 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 13 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 The collection of (one or more) components shown is executable and described as being composed of Figure 13 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0191] Figure 14 This is a diagram of an example device 1400 for wireless communication that supports dynamic indication for backscattered random access preambles. Device 1400 may be a network node, or a network node may include device 1400. In some aspects, device 1400 includes a receiving component 1402, a transmitting component 1404, and a communication manager 150 that can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). As shown, device 1400 can use the receiving component 1402 and the transmitting component 1404 to communicate with another device 1406 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device).

[0192] In some respects, device 1400 may be configured and / or operable to perform the functions described herein. Figures 7 to 10B One or more operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the device 1400 may be configured and / or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 12 The process 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 may include the above-described combination. Figure 2 One or more components of the network node described.

[0193] Receiver 1402 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, from device 1406. Receiver 1402 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of device 1400, such as communication manager 150. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, receiver 1402 may include the combinations described above. Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receiver processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories.

[0194] The transmitting component 1404 can transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications, to the device 1406. In some aspects, the communication manager 150 can generate communications and send the generated communications to the transmitting component 1404 for transmission to the device 1406. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1404 can perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and can send the processed signals to the device 1406. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1404 may include the above-described combinations. Figure 2 The described network node includes one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, and / or one or more memories. In some aspects, the transmit component 1404 may co-located with the receive component 1402 in one or more transceivers.

[0195] The communication manager 150 may send, or may cause the transmitting component 1404 to send, a dynamic indication to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. The communication manager 150 may, based on the dynamic indication, receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource, or may cause the receiving component 1402 to, based on the dynamic indication, receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource. In some aspects, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more operations as described elsewhere herein by one or more components of the communication manager 150. The communication manager 150 may include the foregoing in combination. Figure 2 The network node described includes one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, one or more schedulers, and / or one or more communication units.

[0196] Transmitting component 1404 can transmit a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks. Receiving component 1402 can receive a backscattered random access preamble using at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0197] Receiver 1402 may receive another backscattered random access preamble in a first frequency shift of one of one or more frequency modules. Receiver 1402 may receive another backscattered random access preamble in one of one or more frequency modules. Receiver 1402 may receive another backscattered random access preamble in one of one or more frequency modules based on one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0198] Figure 14 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as an example. In reality, with... Figure 14 Compared to the components shown, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Furthermore, Figure 14 The two or more components shown can be implemented within a single component, or Figure 14 The single component shown can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 14 The collection of (one or more) components shown is executable and described as being composed of Figure 14 Another set of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0199] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure:

[0200] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by an environmental IoT device, the method comprising: receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins; and backscattering a random access preamble using the at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0201] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

[0202] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the one or more frequency bins include a plurality of frequency bins, wherein the one or more resources include a plurality of resources, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates the plurality of resources.

[0203] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more index values ​​associated with the table and corresponding to the one or more resources.

[0204] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

[0205] Aspect 6: According to the method of aspect 5, wherein the one or more resources are equally distributed among the one or more frequency bins before the dynamic indication is received.

[0206] Aspect 7: The method according to aspect 5, wherein, prior to receiving the dynamic indication, the one or more resources are configured according to the distribution of environmental IoT devices, including the environmental IoT devices, associated with the one or more frequency bins.

[0207] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 5, wherein the dynamic indication indicates: removing the one or more resources from the first frequency warehouse and adding the one or more resources to the second frequency warehouse based on a first index value of the first frequency warehouse in the one or more frequency warehouses matching a second index value of the second frequency warehouse in the one or more frequency warehouses.

[0208] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the one or more frequency modules comprise a plurality of frequency modules, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates a Q parameter associated with the plurality of frequency modules.

[0209] Aspect 10: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and receiving a backscattered random access preamble using the at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0210] Aspect 11: According to the method of aspect 10, the one or more frequency modules include a plurality of frequency modules, and the dynamic indication indicates a plurality of Q parameters corresponding to the plurality of frequency modules.

[0211] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 11, wherein the dynamic indication includes a command for adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 2 or greater or a decrement of 2 or greater.

[0212] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 12, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0213] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 13, wherein the dynamic indication does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

[0214] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 14, wherein the dynamic indication indicates the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

[0215] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 15, the method further comprising: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in a first frequency shift of one of the one or more frequency modules, wherein receiving the backscattered random access preamble comprises: receiving the backscattered random access preamble in a second frequency shift of the frequency module after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble.

[0216] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 16, the method further comprising: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in one of the one or more frequency compartments, wherein receiving the backscattered random access preamble comprises: receiving the backscattered random access preamble in the frequency compartment after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble, wherein the number of repetitions associated with the backscattered random access preamble is greater than another number of repetitions associated with the other backscattered random access preamble.

[0217] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 10 to 17, the method further comprising: receiving another backscattered random access preamble in one of the one or more frequency bins based on one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0218] Aspect 19: A method of wireless communication performed by an environmental IoT device, the method comprising: receiving a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins; and backscattering a random access preamble using the at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0219] Aspect 20: According to the method of aspect 19, wherein the one or more frequency modules include a plurality of frequency modules, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates a plurality of Q parameters corresponding to the plurality of frequency modules.

[0220] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein the dynamic indication includes a command for adjusting the Q parameter to an increment of 2 or greater or a decrement of 2 or greater.

[0221] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 21, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

[0222] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 22, wherein the dynamic indication does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

[0223] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 23, wherein the dynamic indication indicates the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

[0224] Aspect 25: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: transmitting a dynamic indication of at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency blocks; and receiving a backscattered random access preamble using the at least one resource according to the dynamic indication.

[0225] Aspect 26: The method according to aspect 25, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

[0226] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 26, wherein the one or more frequency bins include a plurality of frequency bins, wherein the one or more resources include a plurality of resources, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates the plurality of resources.

[0227] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 27, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more index values ​​associated with the table and corresponding to the one or more resources.

[0228] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 25 to 28, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

[0229] Aspect 30: The method according to aspect 29, wherein the one or more resources are equally distributed among the one or more frequency bins before the dynamic indication is sent.

[0230] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0231] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0232] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0233] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0234] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0235] Aspect 36: A device for wireless communication, the device including a processing system comprising one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0236] Aspect 37: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 30.

[0237] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations can be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various aspects of practice.

[0238] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. "Software" should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limited in any way. Therefore, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein. Unless otherwise stated, a component configured to perform a function means that the component has the capability to perform that function, but it is not necessary for the component to actually perform that function.

[0239] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0240] As used herein, the term "determine" or "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, reasoning, discovery, and similar actions. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (such as receiving information or receiving instructions), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), sending (such as sending information), etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, creating, and other similar actions. The term "identify" also encompasses a wide variety of actions, and therefore, "identify" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), reasoning, discovery, and similar actions. Additionally, "identify" can include receiving (such as receiving information or receiving instructions), accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory), sending (such as sending information), etc. Furthermore, "identify" can include parsing, selecting, obtaining, choosing, creating, and other similar actions.

[0241] As used in this article, the phrase “at least one of” in a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0242] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “the” and is interchangeable with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more entries and are interchangeable with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” and similar terms are intended as open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, as used herein, “based on” is intended to be interpreted in an inclusive sense unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, unless otherwise explicitly indicated, “based on” is interchangeable with “at least partially based on,” “associated with,” or “according to.” Specifically, unless the phrase in the context refers to "based on 'one' only" or an equivalent, whether it is "based on 'one'" or "at least partially based on 'one'", it can be based solely on "one" or on a combination of "one" and one or more other factors, conditions, or information. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used consecutively and is interchangeable with "and / or" unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with "either of the two" or "only one of them"). It should be understood that "one or more" is equivalent to "at least one".

[0243] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims or disclosed in the description, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically stated in the claims or disclosed in the description. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the claim set.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, at least one of said one or more processors being configured to enable the environment IoT device: Receive dynamic indications for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency modules; and According to the dynamic indication, the at least one resource is used to backscatter the random access preamble.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more frequency bins comprise a plurality of frequency bins, wherein the one or more resources comprise a plurality of resources, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates the plurality of resources.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more index values ​​associated with the table and corresponding to the one or more resources.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more resources are equally distributed among the one or more frequency bins prior to receiving the dynamic indication.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, prior to receiving the dynamic indication, the one or more resources are configured according to the distribution of environmental IoT devices, including the environmental IoT devices, associated with the one or more frequency bins.

8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the dynamic indication instructs: removing the one or more resources from the first frequency compartment and adding the one or more resources to the second frequency compartment based on a first index value of the first frequency compartment in the one or more frequency compartments matching a second index value of the second frequency compartment in the one or more frequency compartments.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more frequency modules comprise a plurality of frequency modules, and wherein the dynamic indicator indicates a Q parameter associated with the plurality of frequency modules.

10. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories, at least one of said one or more processors being configured to cause the network node to: Send a dynamic indication to at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency modules; and According to the dynamic indication, the random access preamble backscattered using the at least one resource is received.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more frequency modules comprise a plurality of frequency modules, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates a plurality of Q parameters corresponding to the plurality of frequency modules.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dynamic indication comprises a command for adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 2 or greater or a decrement of 2 or greater.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dynamic indication does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dynamic indication indicates the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least one of the one or more processors is configured to cause the network node to: In a first frequency shift of one of the one or more frequency bins, another backscattered random access preamble is received. In order for the network node to receive the backscattered random access preamble, the at least one processor is configured to cause the network node to receive the backscattered random access preamble in a second frequency shift of the frequency bin after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble.

17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least one of the one or more processors is configured to cause the network node to: Receive another backscattered random access preamble in one of the one or more frequency bins. The at least one processor configured to cause the network node to receive the backscattered random access preamble is configured to cause the network node to receive the backscattered random access preamble in the frequency bin after receiving the other backscattered random access preamble, and wherein the number of repetitions associated with the backscattered random access preamble is greater than the other number of repetitions associated with the other backscattered random access preamble.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least one of the one or more processors is configured to cause the network node to: Based on one or more downlink signal strength measurements, another backscattered random access preamble is received in one of the one or more frequency bins.

19. A method for wireless communication performed at an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, the method comprising: Receive dynamic instructions for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins; as well as According to the dynamic indication, the at least one resource is used to backscatter the random access preamble.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more frequency modules comprise a plurality of frequency modules, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates a plurality of Q parameters corresponding to the plurality of frequency modules.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the dynamic indication includes a command for adjusting the Q parameter by an increment of 2 or greater or a decrement of 2 or greater.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more measurement window lengths associated with one or more downlink signal strength measurements.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the dynamic indication does not indicate the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the dynamic indication indicates the maximum number of random access preambles sent.

25. A method for wireless communication performed at a network node, the method comprising: Send dynamic instructions for at least one of one or more resources associated with one or more frequency bins; as well as According to the dynamic indication, the random access preamble backscattered using the at least one resource is received.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more frequency bins comprise a plurality of frequency bins, the one or more resources comprise a plurality of resources, and wherein the dynamic indication indicates the plurality of resources.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the dynamic indicator indicates one or more index values ​​associated with the table and corresponding to the one or more resources.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the dynamic indication indicates one or more bits associated with one or more adjustments to the one or more resources.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the one or more resources are equally distributed among the one or more frequency bins before the dynamic indication is sent.

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