A high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact launching device for animal experiments

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-pressure pneumatic rupture-type impact launcher for animal testing, belonging to the technical field of animal combat trauma simulation test equipment. The device includes a high-pressure air chamber, an air path adapter, a controllable on / off valve group, a short cavity, a diaphragm, and a diaphragm clamping and fixing structure. The high-pressure air chamber, air path adapter, and short cavity are sequentially connected. The diaphragm is installed on the end face of the short cavity through the clamping and fixing structure, forming a high-pressure ruptureable sealing structure. The device can be selectively equipped with sealing elements, a circular opening launch structure, and a square opening launch structure, enabling the simulation and preparation of various combat trauma models such as pure airflow impact, explosive shock wave, random combined injury from grenade explosion, high-speed precision projectile injury, and high-speed directional fragmentation injury. This invention features a compact structure, reliable sealing, and flexible operating condition switching. It can both reproduce the real random injury effects of the battlefield and achieve high-precision standardized injury testing, making it suitable for various animal combat trauma mechanism studies and protective effectiveness evaluations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of combat trauma medical experimental equipment and biological shock simulation test equipment. Specifically, it relates to a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-rupture shock launch device for animal testing, which is suitable for the batch and repeatable standardized preparation of composite combat trauma models of shock wave injury, blast injury, bullet and projectile injury, metal fragment injury and grenade explosion in scientific research laboratories. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of trauma medicine, military protective medicine, and research on the mechanisms of blast impact injury, it is essential to rely on standardized, quantifiable, and repeatable animal war trauma models to conduct efficacy evaluations, protective material testing, and damage mechanism studies. Currently, the mainstream simulation equipment in the industry is mainly divided into two categories: the first category is traditional large shock tube impact devices, and the second category is conventional pneumatic simple impact and simple membrane-breaking blast injury devices.

[0003] Traditional shock tubes rely on ultra-long, sealed pipes to resonate and generate shock waves. The overall equipment has a large footprint, demanding installation conditions, and is difficult to transport on-site. The pressure waveform adjustment has poor linearity, the leading edge is uncontrollable, and the consistency of batch tests is low. Relying on continuous airflow resonance in long pipes, it is impossible to achieve instantaneous and rapid depressurization of short cavities and instantaneous steep pulse impact, which cannot closely approximate the instantaneous explosive load of real battlefields. Furthermore, it is impossible to simultaneously place steel balls and fragments inside the cavity to achieve compound explosive injury. It has a single function, high construction cost, and extremely low test efficiency, making it unsuitable for standardized modeling of small animals in batches.

[0004] Existing conventional pneumatic membrane-breaking blast injury testing devices, although smaller in size than shock tubes, generally suffer from structural shortcomings: the diaphragm compression and sealing structure is rudimentary, making it prone to leakage and unstable pressure relief under high-pressure conditions; the diaphragm disassembly and replacement procedures are cumbersome, making it impossible to conduct continuous multi-group rapid tests; the gas circuit solenoid valves have slow response speeds, resulting in a flat leading edge of the impact waveform and poor simulation accuracy; most devices have fixed functions, only capable of simulating a single shock wave, unable to freely switch between diaphragm-on-premises conditions, and unable to simultaneously handle random compound blast injuries and high-speed, precise, directional injuries; furthermore, there is no matching dedicated guiding and launching structure, and when directly blowing air to launch projectiles or fragments, the flight speed is low, the dispersion is chaotic, and the repeatability is poor, failing to meet the requirements of high-level military medical standardized quantitative testing.

[0005] In summary, there is currently a lack of integrated, multifunctional testing devices on the market that are: compact in structure, have a short-cavity layout, reliable sealing, quick-change diaphragm, freely switchable operating conditions, and can both simulate real hand grenade random compound blast injuries and independently prepare projectile injuries / directional fragmentation injuries at high speed and with precision. This invention specifically fills this gap in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention

[0007] This invention addresses the industry pain points of existing shock tubes, such as their large size, inaccurate waveforms, and inability to induce composite injuries, as well as existing conventional membrane-breaking devices, which suffer from poor sealing, low efficiency, limited functionality, low projectile fragmentation speed, poor accuracy, and inability to simultaneously handle random composite modeling and high-precision quantitative testing. It provides a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact launch device for animal testing. This device differs from traditional long-pipe shock tubes by employing a short-cavity body + high-pressure instantaneous membrane breaking + universal compression sealing core structure. It allows for free switching between multiple operating conditions and simultaneously meets the needs of modeling a full range of combat trauma, including pure airflow impact, explosive shock waves, grenade composite random injuries, high-speed precision projectile injuries, and high-speed directional fragment injuries. It features a compact structure, good repeatability, high simulation accuracy, and suitability for batch scientific research tests.

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] A high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing includes a high-pressure air chamber, an air circuit adapter, a controllable on / off valve group, a short cavity, a diaphragm, and a diaphragm clamping and fixing structure.

[0010] The high-pressure gas chamber, gas path adapter, and short cavity are sequentially sealed and connected; the controllable on / off valve group is integrated and installed on the gas path adapter to precisely control the rapid on / off of the overall gas path; the diaphragm is laid flat and attached to the pressure-bearing end face at the front end of the short cavity, and is fully compressed and locked by the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure, forming a high-pressure sealed pressure-bearing structure that can be controlled to rupture instantaneously under high-pressure energy storage conditions inside the cavity.

[0011] This device can flexibly and freely switch between all experimental conditions according to the actual needs of scientific research injury modeling:

[0012] Without the diaphragm, the entire air path is unobstructed, and high-pressure gas is rapidly and directly injected to form a standard controllable pure airflow shock wave, which is used for the preparation of basic models of simple wind pressure impact injury and mild blast injury.

[0013] The diaphragm is normally installed, and no steel balls or fragments are placed inside the cavity. After high-pressure energy storage, the diaphragm bursts instantly, generating a strong explosive shock wave with a steep leading edge, closely resembling the static explosion impact injury of real explosives.

[0014] With the diaphragm installed, simulated lethal components such as steel balls and irregular metal fragments are pre-placed on the side of the diaphragm facing the firing end. When the diaphragm breaks instantly, the high-pressure airflow simultaneously carries all the pre-placed components and they fly randomly at high speed. The shock wave superimposed on the random fragment impacts, completely replicating the multi-factor coupled composite combat trauma of a real hand grenade explosion in the field, which is suitable for modeling random injuries on the real battlefield.

[0015] A dedicated launch guidance structure can be added as needed to adapt to high-precision standardized quantitative tests.

[0016] Furthermore, matching seals can be selectively installed between the diaphragm and the pressure-bearing end face of the short cavity as needed, ensuring high pressure resistance without leakage and adapting to diaphragms of different pressure levels and materials.

[0017] Further, a dedicated guiding and launching assembly is provided, including two types: a circular opening launching structure and a square opening launching structure. All of them share the same diaphragm pressing and fixing structure for synchronous pressing and installation, without the need for additional fastening fixtures.

[0018] Among them, the circular opening firing structure has a built-in straight circular high-precision guide hole, which is specially designed to constrain the straight flight trajectory of the projectile, greatly improving the initial velocity of the projectile and the accuracy of the shooting target, and is compatible with the single model of standardized bullet penetration damage.

[0019] The square-aperture firing structure has a built-in regular square directional firing channel, which is specially designed to constrain the arrangement direction and dispersion range of metal fragments, greatly improving the controllability of fragment flight speed and spatial orientation, and is suitable for quantitative research on directional and controllable fragment lethality.

[0020] It is important to note that without the addition of a circular or square dedicated launching structure, steel balls and fragments scatter randomly, simulating the randomness of a real hand grenade explosion, which is suitable for clinical complex injury modeling; with the addition of a dedicated launching structure, forced guidance is accelerated, directional, and precise, which is suitable for high-standard, repeatable, and quantifiable single standardized injury tests in the laboratory; the two modes complement each other, both are essential conditions for scientific research, and are not interchangeable.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] The core of this invention adopts a short-cavity instantaneous membrane rupture structure, which completely distinguishes itself from the traditional long-tube shock tube in terms of principle, structure and layout. It has a small footprint, is easy to place in the laboratory and is convenient to transport. The shock waveform has a steep and controllable leading edge, and the consistency of the test batches is far superior to that of the shock tube. It is suitable for batch modeling of small animals.

[0023] It can freely switch between all working conditions and can perform pure airflow impact without a diaphragm, explosive shock wave with a diaphragm, composite random injury from a grenade, precision injury from a high-speed projectile, and high-speed directional fragmentation injury. One device can replace multiple traditional devices, significantly reducing scientific research and procurement costs.

[0024] The diaphragm adopts a universal clamping and fixing method, without being limited to specific clamping tooling forms such as threads, flanges, and clamps. It has strong universality and adaptability, is extremely quick to disassemble and replace, and has stable sealing and pressure bearing performance, making it suitable for uninterrupted continuous scientific research experiments.

[0025] It can flexibly choose whether or not to have a guided launch structure: without the structure, it randomly replicates the composite damage of a real grenade explosion; with the structure, it completes standardized quantitative tests at high speed, directionally, and with high precision, covering both kinds of scientific research needs and having extremely strong industry adaptability.

[0026] The controllable on / off valve group has a millisecond-level response, high detonation synchronization, and impact loads that closely resemble the explosion environment of a real battlefield. Animal models show stable injuries and reliable data, resulting in a high rate of medical research translation.

[0027] The overall structure is robust and durable, pressure-resistant and safe, and easy to operate. No professional blasting qualifications are required. All animal experiments involving explosion and impact can be safely carried out in a normal laboratory environment. It has a low barrier to entry and high safety. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention can be further illustrated by the non-limiting embodiments given in the accompanying drawings;

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a DD cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a square-aperture firing structure of an embodiment of a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circular opening firing structure of an embodiment of a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention.

[0034] The symbols of the main components are explained as follows: 1. High-pressure gas chamber; 2. Gas circuit adapter; 3. Controllable on / off valve group; 4. Short cavity body; 5. Seal; 6. Diaphragm; 7. Diaphragm pressing and fixing structure; 8. Square opening emission structure; 9. Circular opening emission structure. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-pressure pneumatic membrane-breaking impact firing device for animal testing according to the present invention includes a high-pressure air chamber 1, an air circuit adapter 2, a controllable on / off valve group 3, a short cavity 4, a sealing element 5, a diaphragm 6, a diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7, and a replaceable firing structure.

[0039] The high-pressure air chamber 1, the air path adapter 2, and the short cavity 4 are connected in sequence. The end opening of the high-pressure air chamber 1 is fixedly connected to the end air inlet of the air path adapter 2, and the end air outlet of the air path adapter 2 is fixedly connected to the end opening of the short cavity 4.

[0040] The controllable on / off valve assembly 3 is fixed to the top of the gas circuit adapter 2, and the valve core of the controllable on / off valve assembly 3 extends into the internal flow channel of the gas circuit adapter 2.

[0041] The sealing element 5 and the diaphragm 6 are sequentially attached to the end opening face of the short cavity 4. The diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 is a hollow structure and is sleeved on the outside of the short cavity 4. The diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 presses and fixes the edge of the diaphragm 6 to the end face of the short cavity 4.

[0042] The replaceable emission structure is a square opening emission structure 8 or a circular opening emission structure 9. The replaceable emission structure is fixedly connected to the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7. The center of the replaceable emission structure has a through emission hole.

[0043] In the practical application of this embodiment, the high-pressure air chamber 1 is a sealed cylindrical pressure-bearing cavity, and the inner diameter of the end opening of the high-pressure air chamber 1 is consistent with the inner diameter of the air inlet at the end of the air circuit adapter 2.

[0044] In the practical application of this embodiment, the flow channel inside the gas circuit adapter 2 is a straight-through equal-diameter flow channel, and the inner diameter of the flow channel is consistent with the inner diameter of the high-pressure gas chamber 1 and the short cavity 4.

[0045] In the practical application of this embodiment, the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 is a locking flange, the outer wall of the right end of the short cavity 4 is provided with an external thread, the inner wall of the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 is provided with an internal thread that matches the short cavity 4, and the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 is threadedly connected to the short cavity 4.

[0046] In Embodiment 1, the core structure of this device includes a high-pressure gas chamber 1, a gas path adapter 2, a short cavity 4, a diaphragm 6, a diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 connected in sequence, and a replaceable launching structure. The high-pressure gas chamber 1, the gas path adapter 2, and the short cavity 4 are fixedly connected in sequence to form a through high-pressure gas path. The controllable on / off valve group 3 is fixed on the top of the gas path adapter 2, and the valve core extends into the internal flow channel of the gas path adapter 2 to realize rapid control of the gas path on / off.

[0047] The sealing element 5 and the diaphragm 6 are sequentially attached to the right end face of the short cavity 4. The diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7 is sleeved on the outside of the right end of the short cavity 4, which evenly presses and fixes the edge of the diaphragm 6, and works with the sealing element 5 to achieve high-pressure sealing of the air passage. The replaceable emission structure is fixed to the right end of the diaphragm 6 pressing and fixing structure, and a through emission hole is opened in the center for outputting a shaped impact airflow.

[0048] In use, first select the diaphragm 6 with the corresponding rupture pressure and the matching emission structure according to the test requirements. Embed the sealing element 5 into the annular sealing groove of the short cavity 4, attach the diaphragm 6 to the right end face of the short cavity 4, and tighten the diaphragm clamping and fixing structure 7 to fix the diaphragm 6. Then fix the replaceable emission structure to the right end of the diaphragm clamping and fixing structure 7. Fill the high-pressure gas chamber 1 with high-pressure gas at a preset pressure. After the pressure stabilizes, trigger the controllable on / off valve group 3 to open. The flow channel in the gas circuit adapter 2 is instantly opened, and the high-pressure gas rushes into the short cavity 4. When the pressure exceeds the rupture pressure of the diaphragm 6, the diaphragm 6 ruptures instantly, and the high-pressure gas is ejected at high speed through the emission hole of the replaceable emission structure, forming a stable impact waveform and completing the preparation of the animal impact injury model. After one test is completed, release the residual gas in the device, unscrew the diaphragm clamping and fixing structure 7 to replace the new diaphragm 6, and the next test can be carried out quickly. Example

[0049] The similarities between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 will not be repeated. In the practical application of this embodiment, an annular sealing groove is provided on the right end face of the short cavity 4, and the sealing element 5 is embedded in the annular sealing groove. This structural design can improve the sealing performance. The short cavity 4 is filled with a projectile, and the projectile is ejected at high speed after the diaphragm 6 ruptures. In this embodiment, the sealing element 5 is a high-pressure sealing ring. A high-pressure sealing ring is installed between the short cavity 4 and the diaphragm 6, which can be burst under high pressure, to further improve the overall high-pressure sealing performance. The short cavity is filled with test projectiles, and the diaphragm is sealed and fixed by the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7. After the controllable on-off valve group 3 is opened, the high-pressure gas 1 pushes the projectile to be ejected at high speed to realize the animal projectile trauma simulation test. Example

[0050] The similarities between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 will not be repeated. In the practical application of this embodiment, the central through-hole of the circular opening launching structure 9 is a circular hole, and the replaceable launching structure is detachably connected to the diaphragm pressing and fixing structure 7. In this embodiment, after the diaphragm bursts, the projectile is accelerated and directionally launched through the circular opening structure, greatly improving the accuracy and speed of projectile launch, and is suitable for precise positioning animal trauma experiments. Example

[0051] The similarities between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 will not be repeated. In the actual application of this embodiment, the central through-hole of the square opening firing structure 8 is a square hole. In this embodiment, after the diaphragm 6 bursts, the fragments are launched in a directional and orderly manner through the square opening firing structure 8, which effectively prevents the fragments from tumbling in the air, ensures that the direction of fragment launch is highly consistent, and can be directionally inserted into the experimental animal body, highly restoring the damage morphology of real combat trauma fragments and improving the authenticity of the experiment.

[0052] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high pressure gas powered ramjet projectile launcher for animal testing, characterized by: It comprises a high-pressure air chamber (1), a gas path switching joint (2), a controllable on-off valve group (3), a short-cavity cavity (4), a diaphragm (6) and a diaphragm compression and fixation structure (7). The high-pressure air chamber (1), the gas path switching joint (2) and the short-cavity cavity (4) are sequentially communicated; the controllable on-off valve group (3) is installed on the gas path switching joint (2) and is used for controlling the instantaneous on-off and rapid pressure relief of the gas path inside the gas path switching joint (2); the diaphragm (6) is placed on the end face of the short-cavity cavity (4) and is compressed and fixed by the diaphragm compression and fixation structure (7) to form a sealing structure that can be instantaneously broken under high pressure.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: A sealing element (5) can be selectively arranged between the diaphragm (6) and the end face of the short-cavity cavity (4).

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: It further comprises a circular opening emission structure (9) which is located outside the diaphragm (6) and is compressed and fixed together with the diaphragm compression and fixation structure (7), and the circular opening emission structure (9) is provided with a circular through emission hole.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: It further comprises a square opening emission structure (8) which is located outside the diaphragm (6) and is compressed and fixed together with the diaphragm compression and fixation structure (7), and the square opening emission structure (8) is provided with a square through emission hole.

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