High-performance adsorptive building material and rainwater purification method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610724444.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
Smart Images
Figure CN122280034A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of permeable brick technology, and in particular to a high-performance adsorption building material and a rainwater purification method. Background Technology
[0002] With the advancement of sponge city construction, rainwater resource utilization and water pollution control have become important research directions. Permeable bricks, as a core building material for rainwater collection and preliminary purification, are widely used in paving scenarios such as sidewalks, squares, and parking lots. As urbanization accelerates, the proportion of hard paving has increased significantly, leading to a rise in rainwater runoff coefficients and increasing the risk of urban flooding. Simultaneously, rainwater carrying pollutants such as sediment, heavy metals, and organic matter after washing away from the surface can directly pollute aquatic environments if discharged directly.
[0003] Existing permeable bricks and related materials for rainwater purification generally suffer from unreasonable structural design and limited functionality: most permeable bricks use only a single material, enabling only simple rainwater infiltration and failing to purify it; some permeable bricks, while incorporating an adsorption layer, lack a gradient pore design, resulting in limited adsorption and purification effects; furthermore, rainwater directly leaks through existing permeable bricks during use, making collection and reuse impossible. Traditional permeable bricks / panels only provide water permeability and flood reduction functions, lacking the ability to adsorb, purify, and collect rainwater in a targeted manner, thus failing to achieve efficient utilization of rainwater resources and pollution control. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-performance adsorption building material and a rainwater purification method, which solves the problems of traditional permeable brick materials having a simple structure, poor rainwater purification effect, and inability to collect and reuse rainwater.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-performance adsorption building material, including a permeable brick body. The permeable brick body includes a sealed, impermeable outer shell. The interior of the sealed, impermeable outer shell is provided with, from top to bottom, a surface layer, a middle layer, an isolation layer, and a bottom layer. The surface layer is a filter adsorption layer used for gradient filtration of rainwater and interception of large particulate matter. The middle layer is an adsorption and purification layer used for gradient filtration to achieve coarse and fine adsorption of rainwater to remove pollutants from rainwater. The bottom layer is a collection and diversion layer for centralized collection and diversion of rainwater through a grid diversion. The isolation layer is used to isolate the middle layer and the bottom layer to temporarily store rainwater and to support the middle layer and the surface layer.
[0006] Preferably, the top opening of the sealed waterproof shell covers the surface layer, intermediate layer, isolation layer and bottom layer inside. The top of the surface layer is flush with the sealed waterproof shell. The interior of the sealed waterproof shell is provided with support ridges for supporting the edge of the intermediate layer. The bottom of the sealed waterproof shell is provided with a base plate for supporting the bottom layer. The base plate and the side of the sealed waterproof shell are an integral structure.
[0007] Preferably, the porosity of the surface layer decreases gradually from the surface to the interior. The skeleton material is quartz sand and eco-friendly cement, mixed with polypropylene fiber and doped with nano-SiO2 particles. The surface of the layer is provided with anti-slip texture, and the skeleton of the surface layer is embedded with filter non-woven fabric to further trap fine suspended matter in rainwater.
[0008] Preferably, the porosity of the intermediate layer decreases gradually from the surface to the interior, forming a layered adsorption structure from coarse adsorption to fine adsorption. The surface porosity of the intermediate layer is connected to the internal porosity of the surface layer, and the surface porosity of the intermediate layer is smaller than that of the surface layer.
[0009] Preferably, the intermediate layer substrate is ecological cement and ceramsite, with honeycomb microchannels evenly distributed inside. The honeycomb microchannels are loaded with composite adsorbent material, which is composed of biochar, modified zeolite, modified bentonite, and photothermal responsive nano-TiO2.
[0010] Preferably, the bottom layer is an integrally formed sealing plate, and the top of the sealing plate is provided with a grid water guiding channel. The grid water guiding channel includes vertically intersecting longitudinal channels and transverse channels. The bottom of the longitudinal channel is connected to the water outlet one on the side of the sealing plate, and the transverse channel is connected to the water outlet two on the side of the sealing plate. The side of the sealed waterproof shell is provided with a water outlet channel, which includes water outlet channel one and water outlet channel two. Water outlet channel one and water outlet channel two are located on two adjacent sides of the sealed waterproof shell, respectively. Water outlet one is connected to water outlet channel one, and water outlet two is connected to water outlet channel two. The grid water guiding channel is used for the drainage, collection and utilization of purified rainwater.
[0011] Preferably, the isolation layer is an air gap formed between the intermediate layer and the bottom layer. Several support blocks are evenly distributed within the isolation layer. The top of the support block supports the bottom of the intermediate layer, and the bottom of the support block is connected to the top of the bottom layer. The support blocks are staggered from the grid water guiding channels.
[0012] Preferably, several permeable brick bodies are connected horizontally and vertically to form a whole. The horizontally connected adjacent permeable brick bodies and the vertically connected adjacent permeable brick bodies are connected by connecting pipes. The two ends of the connecting pipes are respectively inserted into the water outlet channels of the adjacent permeable brick bodies. A limiting sheet is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe, and the limiting sheet is located between the adjacent permeable brick bodies.
[0013] Preferably, the water outlet channel of the permeable brick body is provided with a plug to prevent rainwater from flowing out, and a limit cap is provided on the plug.
[0014] This invention also provides a method for purifying rainwater using high-performance adsorption building materials, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Surface Gradient Filtration Stage: Rainwater falls onto the surface of the permeable brick body, and large particles and fine suspended matter are filtered through the surface layer in sequence, achieving preliminary purification of rainwater; Step 2, intermediate layer deep adsorption and purification stage: Rainwater filtered by the surface layer permeates into the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer adopts a gradient pore structure, which is connected with the porosity of the inner layer of the surface layer to guide the rainwater to permeate in an orderly manner. The rainwater flows in the honeycomb microchannels of the intermediate layer, prolonging the residence time and contacting the composite adsorption material loaded inside the honeycomb microchannels to achieve deep purification. Step 3, Temporary Storage and Deepening Stage of the Isolation Layer: Rainwater purified by the intermediate layer permeates into the isolation layer to achieve temporary storage of rainwater; Step 4, bottom layer diversion and collection stage: The temporarily stored purified rainwater flows into the grid water diversion channel at the bottom layer. The rainwater is collected through the longitudinal and transverse channels of the grid water diversion channel to the outlet 1 and outlet 2 on the side of the bottom layer, and then discharged through the corresponding outlet 1 and outlet 2 on the side of the sealed and waterproof shell, thus completing the directional collection of purified rainwater.
[0015] The advantages and positive effects of the high-performance adsorption building material and rainwater purification method described in this invention are as follows: 1. A sealed, waterproof outer shell is used to cover the surface layer, middle layer, isolation layer, and bottom layer. With the support of supporting strips and blocks, the layers are stably connected, effectively preventing interlayer deformation and delamination, and improving the overall structural stability of the material. The sealed, waterproof outer shell adopts an integrated molding structure, and each layer is sealed and bonded to the outer shell. With the sealing effect of edge plugs, the problems of rainwater leakage and secondary pollution are solved, ensuring the quality of purified rainwater. 2. The combination of surface gradient filtration, intermediate gradient adsorption purification and isolation layer temporary storage, and the combination of composite adsorption materials and honeycomb microchannels to extend the contact time between rainwater and adsorption materials, greatly improves the rainwater purification effect and effectively removes large particles, fine suspended solids, heavy metals and organic matter from rainwater. 3. The bottom grid water channel enables the directional flow and collection of purified rainwater. Multiple bricks are spliced together through connecting pipes to collect rainwater, which is suitable for large-scale paving. The collected purified rainwater can be directly used for non-drinking purposes such as greening irrigation, realizing the resource utilization of rainwater. 4. The support strips and support blocks provide stable support for the intermediate layer and the surface layer respectively, and the support blocks and the grid water-guiding channels are staggered to ensure the support effect without affecting the flow of rainwater; 5. The connecting pipe fittings come with a limiting plate, which facilitates precise splicing of adjacent bricks. The plug can seal the water outlet channel of the edge bricks, further improving the paving sealing and collection efficiency, and meeting the needs of actual engineering applications.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the permeable brick body structure of an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the sealed, waterproof outer shell of an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the bottom layer of an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of permeable bricks according to an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between adjacent permeable bricks in an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the assembled permeable brick and the collection tank in an embodiment of a high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention.
[0018] Figure label: 1. Permeable brick body; 2. Sealed impermeable outer shell; 3. Surface layer; 4. Middle layer; 5. Isolation layer; 6. Bottom layer; 7. Supporting ridge; 8. Mesh water guiding channel; 9. Outlet 1; 10. Outlet 2; 11. Outlet channel 1; 12. Outlet channel 2; 13. Support block; 14. Connecting pipe fitting; 15. Limiting plate; 16. Plug; 17. Limiting cap; 18. Collection trough. Detailed Implementation
[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0020] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0022] Example: like Figure 1 As shown, the high-performance adsorption building material of the present invention includes a permeable brick body 1, which includes a sealed, impermeable outer shell 2. The interior of the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2 is provided with, from top to bottom, a surface layer 3, a middle layer 4, an isolation layer 5, and a bottom layer 6. The top of the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2 is open, covering the surface layer 3, the middle layer 4, the isolation layer 5, and the bottom layer 6. The top of the surface layer 3 is flush with the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2. The interior of the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2 is provided with supporting protrusions 7 for supporting the edges of the middle layer 4. The bottom of the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2 is provided with a base plate for supporting the bottom layer 6, and the base plate and the side of the sealed, impermeable outer shell 2 are integrally formed.
[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the sealed, waterproof outer shell 2 (including the sides and bottom plate) is made of modified PP environmentally friendly resin, which has strong compressive strength and an IP67 waterproof rating, preventing rainwater leakage. The sealed, waterproof outer shell 2 is injection molded in one piece, and the top opening size matches the size of the surface layer 3. The internal support protrusion 7 is also made of modified PP environmentally friendly resin. The sealed, waterproof outer shell 2 is provided with an embedding groove for the internal support protrusion 7. The internal support protrusion 7 is glued to the embedding groove using PP special solvent adhesive or hot melt adhesive (such as PP modified acrylic solvent adhesive).
[0024] The surface layer 3 is a filter and adsorption layer used for gradient filtration of rainwater, trapping large particles of debris (such as silt and fallen leaves). The porosity of the surface layer 3 decreases gradually from the surface to the interior (the surface layer 3 of this invention uses a three-layer gradient decrease, with porosities of 35%, 32%, and 30% respectively from the surface to the interior). The skeleton material is quartz sand (particle size 1~4mm) and ecological cement, mixed with 0.5%~1% polypropylene fiber (to improve the strength and crack resistance of the surface layer 3), and doped with 0.3% nano-SiO2 particles (to enhance the balance between wear resistance and water permeability). The surface of the surface layer 3 is provided with anti-slip texture, which not only prevents slipping but also reduces the adhesion of debris, achieving a self-cleaning effect. The skeleton of the surface layer 3 is embedded with filter non-woven fabric (made of polyester fiber, with a pore size of 0.05mm), which further traps fine suspended matter in the rainwater and prevents clogging of the lower adsorption channels.
[0025] The preparation process for surface layer 3 is as follows: Step 1, Raw material pretreatment: Screen the quartz sand (particle size 1~4mm), wash it to remove impurities, and dry it until the moisture content is ≤5%; weigh the ecological cement, polypropylene fiber, and nano SiO2 particles in proportion and set aside; cut the filter non-woven fabric to the same size as the surface layer 3. Step 2, Layered Ingredient Preparation and Mixing: Prepare the surface layer 3 slurry in three stages according to the three-layer gradient porosity requirements: ① Outer layer 3 (porosity 35%): Ecological cement: quartz sand: water = 1:3:0.4, add 0.5% polypropylene fiber and 0.3% nano-SiO2, stir for 10 minutes until homogeneous; ② Middle layer 3 (porosity 32%): Ecological cement: quartz sand: water = 1:2.8:0.38, add 0.7% polypropylene fiber and 0.3% nano-SiO2, stir for 10 minutes; ③ Inner layer 3 (porosity 30%): Ecological cement: quartz sand: water = 1:2.5:0.35, add 1% polypropylene fiber and 0.3% nano-SiO2, stir for 10 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of fibers and nanoparticles; Step 3, Layered Laying and Shaping: First, pour the inner layer slurry of the surface layer 3 into the mold, lay it with a thickness of 3mm, and compact it (pressure 20MPa, time 20s); then lay the filter non-woven fabric, ensuring that the non-woven fabric completely covers the inner layer slurry without wrinkles or damage; then lay the middle layer and outer layer slurry of the surface layer 3 in sequence, and compact them respectively (middle layer pressure 25MPa, time 20s; outer layer pressure 20MPa, time 20s), and press the surface with a biomimetic anti-slip texture.
[0026] Step 4: After the surface layer 3 is formed, pre-cur it at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure that the surface layer 3 is initially cured. After demolding, the edges of the surface layer 3 are polished and trimmed to remove burrs and ensure that the edges are flat. Then, it is sent to the curing room for room temperature curing for 7 days to reach the design strength (compressive strength ≥30MPa).
[0027] The intermediate layer 4 is an adsorption and purification layer used for gradient filtration to achieve coarse and fine adsorption of rainwater, removing pollutants (heavy metals, organic matter, and suspended solids). The porosity of the intermediate layer 4 decreases gradually from the surface to the interior, forming a layered adsorption structure from coarse to fine adsorption (porosity decreases from 28% to 25%). The surface porosity of the intermediate layer 4 is connected to the internal porosity of the surface layer 3, and the surface porosity of the intermediate layer 4 is smaller than that of the surface layer 3. The substrate of the intermediate layer 4 is ecological cement and ceramsite (particle size 1~2mm). The interior is uniformly distributed with honeycomb microchannels (mimicking a honeycomb structure, with density adjusted according to the porosity gradient, 1 per square centimeter in the upper layer and 2~3 per square centimeter in the lower layer). This increases the adsorption contact area, guides rainwater to penetrate in an orderly manner, prolongs the residence time, and improves the purification effect. The microchannels are loaded with composite adsorption materials, which are firmly bonded to the substrate and are not easily detached.
[0028] The composite adsorbent is composed of biochar, modified zeolite, modified bentonite, and photothermal responsive nano-TiO2. The composite adsorbent formulation (by mass) is: 35% modified biochar prepared from agricultural waste, 30% modified zeolite, 20% modified bentonite, and 15% photothermal responsive nano-TiO2 (doped with graphene). The biochar is activated at high temperature (600℃, 2.5h) and modified with phosphoric acid; the zeolite is activated at high temperature (500℃, 2h) and modified with potassium salt solution; and the nano-TiO2 is doped with 1% graphene, enabling in-situ regeneration using solar energy. The overall adsorption capacity is increased by more than 50% after modification. In existing technologies, biochar, modified zeolite, modified bentonite, and nano-TiO2 are all commonly used adsorbent materials for water purification. Their individual modification processes (such as high-temperature activation of biochar and modification of potassium salts of zeolite) have been widely used in the field of environmental protection materials. The optimization point of this solution is that the four modified adsorbent materials are mixed to form a paste-like adsorbent slurry, which improves the bonding between the adsorbent materials and the intermediate layer 4 substrate. At the same time, the photothermal regeneration performance is optimized by doping nano-TiO2 with graphene.
[0029] The activated carbon modification employs a combined process of phosphoric acid modification and high-temperature activation. The activated carbon is pulverized to 80-100 mesh, first immersed in a 5% phosphoric acid solution at 50℃ for 3 hours with a stirring rate of 50 r / min, then activated at high temperature (600℃, 2.5 hours). After cooling, it is rinsed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 110℃ for 2 hours for later use. The modified activated carbon exhibits a more than 40% increase in specific surface area, a 50% increase in adsorption capacity for organic matter, and significantly enhanced adsorption stability, making it less prone to desorption. Simultaneously, agricultural waste (straw, rice husks) is innovatively introduced to prepare biochar, replacing 30% of the activated carbon. This reduces costs and achieves resource utilization of waste, aligning with the dual-carbon concept.
[0030] Zeolite modification employs a high-temperature activation and potassium salt solution modification process. Natural zeolite is pulverized to 60-80 mesh, activated at 500℃ for 2 hours, cooled, and then soaked in a 1 mol / L KCl solution at room temperature for 4 hours. After filtration, it is dried at 105℃ for later use. The modified zeolite exhibits a high affinity for Pb. 2+ Cu 2+ The adsorption capacity is increased by more than 60%, the adsorption rate is accelerated, and it is effective against heavy metal ions derived from automobile exhaust (such as Cr). 6+ It has a targeted adsorption effect and is suitable for special scenarios such as parking lots.
[0031] Modified bentonite was prepared using a combined sodium-modification and organic-modification process, taking into account both adsorption capacity and compatibility with the substrate of the intermediate layer 4. Natural bentonite was pulverized and sieved to obtain 60-80 mesh powder, which was then dried in a 105℃ oven for 2 hours to remove moisture and surface impurities. After cooling to room temperature, it was ready for use. The dried bentonite powder was added to a 0.5 mol / L NaCl solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL), and stirred at a constant temperature of 60℃ for 2 hours (stirring rate 60 r / min) to achieve sodium ion adsorption on the bentonite. The substitution of interlayer cations increases the interlayer porosity. To the sodium-modified mixture, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is added at a ratio of 10% of the bentonite mass, and the mixture is stirred at 60°C for 3 hours to allow organic cations to adsorb between the bentonite layers, enhancing its adsorption capacity for organic matter. The reacted mixture is allowed to settle for 4 hours, the supernatant is removed by filtration, and the filter residue is washed with deionized water until neutral (pH=6.5~7.5). It is then dried at 110°C for 3 hours, pulverized, and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain modified bentonite. The modified bentonite needs to be compatible with other adsorbent materials; a small amount of deionized water can be added beforehand for premixing to ensure successful preparation of a paste-like adsorbent slurry that bonds firmly to the intermediate layer 4 substrate.
[0032] Photothermal responsive nano-TiO2 was developed using a sol-gel method and graphene doping to optimize photothermal conversion efficiency and regeneration performance. 10 mL of tetrabutyl titanate was slowly added dropwise to 30 mL of anhydrous ethanol while stirring (80 r / min). 2 mL of glacial acetic acid was added as an inhibitor, and stirring continued for 30 min to obtain a homogeneous tetrabutyl titanate ethanol solution. 0.1 g of graphene powder was weighed and added to 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol, then ultrasonically dispersed for 20 min (ultrasonic power 200 W) to ensure uniform dispersion of graphene without agglomeration. A graphene dispersion was prepared; the graphene dispersion was slowly added dropwise to a tetrabutyl titanate ethanol solution. After the addition was complete, 1 mL of deionized water was added, and stirring was continued for 1 hour to form a uniform and transparent sol. The sol was then allowed to stand for 24 hours to age. The aged sol was poured into a petri dish and dried in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours to remove the solvent, resulting in a dry gel. The dry gel powder was then pulverized and passed through a 100-mesh sieve. The dry gel powder was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min. It was then calcined at this temperature for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature to obtain photothermal responsive nano-TiO2 (graphene-doped) powder. The dispersibility of the calcined powder was tested. If agglomeration was observed, it could be lightly ground and then ultrasonically dispersed for 10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing with other adsorbent materials and improve photothermal regeneration efficiency.
[0033] Modified activated carbon, zeolite, modified bentonite, and nano-TiO2 were mixed in proportion, and an appropriate amount of deionized water was added. The mixture was stirred evenly (stirring speed 80 r / min, stirring time 30 min) to form a paste-like adsorption slurry, which was then loaded onto the intermediate layer 4 substrate.
[0034] The preparation process of intermediate layer 4 is as follows: Step 1, raw material pretreatment: screening of ceramsite (particle size 1~2mm), washing, and drying; weighing of ecological cement and composite adsorbent material according to proportion; pre-preparing the composite adsorbent material into a paste-like adsorption slurry (prepared according to existing mixing process); pre-preparing honeycomb microchannel molds (stainless steel material, with pre-set honeycomb microchannel forming pins inside the mold), and arranging them according to gradient density for later use. Step 2, Substrate Preparation and Mixing: Prepare the intermediate layer 4 slurry in two stages (corresponding to the coarse adsorption and fine adsorption layers): ① Upper coarse adsorption layer (porosity 28%): Ecological cement:ceramsite:adsorption slurry:water = 1:2.2:0.8:0.38, stir for 15 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of the adsorption slurry; ② Lower fine adsorption layer (porosity 25%): Ecological cement:ceramsite:adsorption slurry:water = 1:2:1:0.36, stir for 18 minutes to increase the loading capacity of the adsorption material; Step 3, Laying, Inserting and Molding: Lay the material in the mold. First, lay the upper layer of the middle layer 4 slurry, 15mm thick, and compact it (pressure 25MPa, time 30s). Insert the pre-set microchannel molding pin vertically into the upper layer of slurry, with the top of the pin flush with the surface of the upper layer of slurry. Then, lay the lower layer of the middle layer 4 slurry, 15mm thick, and compact it (pressure 30MPa, time 30s) to ensure that the pin is completely embedded in the slurry without any looseness. Step 4, Curing and Demolding of Adsorbent Material: After molding, the mold is sent to a low-temperature curing oven (120℃, 2h) to achieve deep bonding between the composite adsorbent material and the substrate, preventing it from falling off during subsequent use; after curing, the microchannel forming pins are slowly pulled out to form a complete honeycomb microchannel; then, it is cooled to room temperature, demolded, and the edges of the middle layer 4 are polished and trimmed, and then sent to a curing room for room temperature curing for 7 days to reach the design strength.
[0035] like Figure 3As shown, the bottom layer 6 is a collection and diversion layer, which collects and drains rainwater through a grid. The bottom layer 6 is an integrally formed sealing plate, with a grid water channel 8 at the top. The grid water channel 8 includes vertically intersecting longitudinal and transverse channels. The bottom of the longitudinal channel is connected to the outlet 9 on the side of the sealing plate, and the transverse channel is connected to the outlet 10 on the side of the sealing plate. The side of the sealed impermeable shell 2 has water outlet channels, including outlet channel 11 and outlet channel 12. Outlet channel 11 and outlet channel 12 are located on two adjacent sides of the sealed impermeable shell 2, with outlet 9 connected to outlet channel 11 and outlet 10 connected to outlet channel 12. The grid water channel 8 is used for the collection and utilization of purified rainwater (a collection tank 18 can be set up at the target location and connected to the outlet channel of the permeable brick body 1 located at the edge for water collection, or the water can be directly diverted to the green belt for irrigation, etc.) The inner wall of the mesh water channel 8 is coated with a 0.3mm thick water-based polyurethane waterproof coating to ensure a tight seal and prevent water penetration.
[0036] The fabrication process for the bottom layer 6 is as follows: Step 1, Mold preparation: Select a special stainless steel mold with pre-set mesh water guiding channels 8 and outlet forming grooves on the mold surface to ensure the complete formation of the guiding structure; Step 2, raw material pretreatment: crushed stone screening (particle size 3~5mm), washing, and drying; high-strength ecological cement and environmentally friendly waterproof coating (water-based polyurethane) are weighed according to the proportion, and the waterproof coating is diluted with deionized water in advance (dilution ratio 1:1). Step 3, Ingredient preparation and mixing: Add high-strength ecological cement, crushed stone, diluted waterproof coating, and water to the mixer in the following ratio (cement:crushed stone:waterproof coating:water = 1:0.6:0.1:0.35) and mix for 12 minutes to make the bottom layer 6 slurry. Ensure that the slurry is uniform, free of lumps, and has moderate fluidity (for easy molding). Step 4, Molding and Waterproofing: Pour the bottom layer 6 slurry into a special mold, laying a thickness of 10mm. Compact it using a flat plate compactor (pressure 35MPa, time 30s) to ensure a smooth, pore-free surface and complete formation of the mesh water-guiding channels 8 and outlets. After compaction, apply a 0.3mm thick water-based polyurethane waterproof coating evenly and without omissions to the slurry surface, mesh water-guiding channels 8, and the inner walls of the outlets. Then cure at room temperature for 24 hours to ensure the waterproof coating is fully formed and achieves a sealing and waterproofing effect. Step 5, fixing the support block 13: After the bottom layer 6 is cured, the support block 13 is evenly laid on its top. The bottom of the support block 13 is fixed with environmentally friendly cement to ensure that it is firm and not loose. The top of the support block 13 is flat and perpendicular to the top of the bottom layer 6. The height is controlled at 5mm and it is staggered from the grid water channel 8.
[0037] Step 6, Curing and Demolding: After the support block 13 is fixed, the bottom layer 6 is sent into the curing room for curing at room temperature for 7 days to reach the design strength (compressive strength ≥35MPa). Then, it is demolded and the edges and outlet of the bottom layer 6 are polished and repaired.
[0038] The isolation layer 5 is used to isolate the intermediate layer 4 from the bottom layer 6, temporarily store rainwater, and support the intermediate layer 4 and the surface layer 3.
[0039] The isolation layer 5 forms an air gap between the intermediate layer 4 and the bottom layer 6. Several support blocks 13 are evenly distributed within the isolation layer 5. The top of each support block 13 supports the bottom of the intermediate layer 4, and the bottom of the support block 13 connects to the top of the bottom layer 6. The support blocks 13 are staggered from the mesh water-guiding channels 8 to avoid obstructing rainwater flow. Their core function is to support the intermediate layer 4 and the surface layer 3, preventing interlayer deformation, while not affecting the rainwater storage function of the isolation layer 5. The isolation layer 5, with a thickness of 5mm, isolates the intermediate layer 4 and the bottom layer 6, enabling rainwater storage (storage capacity ≥ 50mL / block). This provides sufficient residence time for the intermediate layer 4 to adsorb and purify the water. Simultaneously, the support blocks 13 provide stable support for the intermediate layer 4 and the surface layer 3, preventing interlayer deformation and delamination.
[0040] Place the completed bottom layer 6, middle layer 4, and top layer 3 into the sealed waterproof shell 2 in sequence. Then, fill all the gaps between the bottom layer 6 and the sealed waterproof shell 2, the middle layer 4 and the sealed waterproof shell 2, and the top layer 3 and the sealed waterproof shell 2 by applying environmentally friendly epoxy adhesive. After curing, apply a 0.3mm thick water-based polyurethane waterproof coating to the bonding gaps to reinforce the seal.
[0041] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, several permeable brick bodies 1 are connected horizontally and vertically to form a single unit. Adjacent permeable brick bodies 1 are connected horizontally and vertically via connecting pipes 14. Both ends of the connecting pipe 14 are inserted into the water outlet channels of adjacent permeable brick bodies 1. A limiting plate 15 is provided in the middle of the connecting pipe 14 (to prevent the connecting pipe 14 from being completely inserted into the water outlet channel and becoming impossible to remove). The limiting plate 15 is located between adjacent permeable brick bodies 1. The connecting pipe 14 is made entirely of rubber, combining sealing and convenient connection characteristics.
[0042] The permeable brick body 1 has a plug 16 in its water outlet channel to prevent rainwater from flowing out, and a limit cap 17 is provided on the plug 16. (This permeable brick body 1 is located at the edge and there are no adjacent permeable brick bodies 1, mainly to seal the water outlet channel of the outermost permeable brick body 1 after paving). The plug 16 and the limit cap 17 are made of rubber, which has the characteristics of both sealing and easy connection.
[0043] The collection tank 18 can be a detachable collection box. An electromagnetic valve is installed at the bottom of the collection tank 18, allowing for remote drainage control via the Internet of Things. A small liquid level sensor can be built-in to monitor the collection volume in real time, sending a notification via an app when the tank is full, eliminating the need for manual inspection and significantly reducing maintenance costs. When using multi-brick paving, the water outlets of multiple bricks are connected via connecting pipes 14, converging into a single collection tank 18 or an external collection pipe, improving collection efficiency.
[0044] The rainwater purification method of high-performance adsorption building materials of the present invention includes the following steps: Step 1, Surface Layer 3 Gradient Filtration Stage: Rainwater falls onto the surface layer 3 (filtration and adsorption layer) of the permeable brick body 1. First, large particles (such as silt and fallen leaves) in the rainwater are trapped through the large pores of the outer layer of surface layer 3. Then, it is gradually filtered through the gradient pores of the middle and inner layers, reducing fine suspended matter. Simultaneously, the polyester fiber filter non-woven fabric embedded inside the surface layer 3 framework further traps fine suspended matter in the rainwater, preventing it from entering the lower layers and clogging the adsorption channels. This achieves initial purification of the rainwater, ensuring smooth subsequent infiltration. The biomimetic anti-slip texture of surface layer 3 reduces the adhesion of debris, avoids pore blockage, and ensures stable filtration function.
[0045] Step two, the deep adsorption and purification stage of the intermediate layer 4: Rainwater filtered by the surface layer 3 permeates into the intermediate layer 4. The intermediate layer 4 adopts a gradient pore adsorption structure, which connects with the porosity of the inner layer of the surface layer 3, guiding the rainwater to permeate in an orderly manner. The rainwater flows slowly in the honeycomb microchannels of the intermediate layer 4 (1 per square centimeter in the upper layer and 2-3 per square centimeter in the lower layer), prolonging the residence time and allowing for full contact with the composite adsorption material loaded inside the microchannels, thus achieving deep purification. Step 3, Temporary Storage and Deepening Stage of Isolation Layer 5: Rainwater purified by the intermediate layer 4 permeates into the isolation layer 5, achieving temporary storage and providing sufficient residence time for the subsequent reaction between the rainwater and the composite adsorption material, further removing residual pollutants and deepening the purification effect. The support block 13 inside the isolation layer 5 supports the intermediate layer 4 and the surface layer 3, preventing interlayer deformation and delamination. The support block 13 and the bottom layer 6 grid water guiding channel 8 are staggered to avoid affecting rainwater circulation.
[0046] Step 4, Bottom Layer 6 Water Collection Stage: The temporarily stored purified rainwater slowly flows into the grid water-guiding channels 8 of the bottom layer 6 (collection and guidance layer). The grid water-guiding channels 8 consist of vertically intersecting longitudinal and transverse channels. The inner walls of the channels are coated with a 0.3mm thick water-based polyurethane waterproof coating to ensure a watertight seal. The rainwater converges through the longitudinal and transverse channels to outlet 9 and outlet 10 on the side of the bottom layer 6, respectively, and is then discharged through outlet 11 and outlet 12 on the side of the sealed and watertight outer shell 2, completing the directional collection of purified rainwater.
[0047] When multiple permeable bricks are spliced together, the purified rainwater can be connected to a detachable collection box through the water outlet channel. The collection box has built-in smart filter cotton and liquid level sensor, and is equipped with an electromagnetic control drainage interface at the bottom. Drainage can be remotely controlled through an Internet of Things module. When the liquid level is full, an APP will push a reminder. No manual inspection is required. The collected purified rainwater can be directly used for non-drinking purposes such as greening irrigation and road cleaning, realizing the resource utilization of rainwater.
[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high-performance adsorption building material, characterized in that: The permeable brick body (1) includes a sealed impermeable shell (2). The sealed impermeable shell (2) has a surface layer (3), a middle layer (4), an isolation layer (5) and a bottom layer (6) arranged from top to bottom. The surface layer (3) is a filter adsorption layer used for gradient filtration of rainwater and interception of large particles. The middle layer (4) is an adsorption and purification layer used for gradient filtration to achieve coarse adsorption and fine adsorption of rainwater pollutants. The bottom layer (6) is a collection and diversion layer, which collects and discharges rainwater in a concentrated manner through grid diversion. The isolation layer (5) is used to isolate the middle layer (4) and the bottom layer (6) to achieve temporary storage of rainwater and support the middle layer (4) and the surface layer (3).
2. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top opening of the sealed waterproof shell (2) covers the surface layer (3), the middle layer (4), the isolation layer (5), and the bottom layer (6) inside. The top of the surface layer (3) is flush with the sealed waterproof shell (2). The interior of the sealed waterproof shell (2) is provided with a support ridge (7) for supporting the edge of the middle layer (4). The bottom of the sealed waterproof shell (2) is provided with a bottom plate for supporting the bottom layer (6). The bottom plate and the side of the sealed waterproof shell (2) are an integral structure.
3. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The porosity of the surface layer (3) decreases gradually from the surface to the inside. The skeleton material is quartz sand and ecological cement, mixed with polypropylene fiber and doped with nano SiO2 particles. The surface of the surface layer (3) is provided with anti-slip texture. The skeleton of the surface layer (3) is embedded with filter non-woven fabric to further trap fine suspended matter in rainwater.
4. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The porosity of the intermediate layer (4) decreases in a gradient from the surface to the inside, forming a layered adsorption structure from coarse adsorption to fine adsorption. The surface porosity of the intermediate layer (4) is connected to the inner porosity of the surface layer (3), and the surface porosity of the intermediate layer (4) is less than the inner porosity of the surface layer (3).
5. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intermediate layer (4) is made of ecological cement and ceramsite, with honeycomb microchannels evenly distributed inside. The honeycomb microchannels are loaded with composite adsorbent materials, which are composed of biochar, modified zeolite, modified bentonite, and photothermal responsive nano-TiO2.
6. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom layer (6) is a sealed plate that is integrally set. The top of the sealed plate is provided with a grid water guiding channel (8). The grid water guiding channel (8) includes vertically intersecting longitudinal channels and transverse channels. The bottom of the longitudinal channel is connected to the water outlet one (9) on the side of the sealed plate. The transverse channel is connected to the water outlet two (10) on the side of the sealed plate. The side of the sealed waterproof shell (2) is provided with a water outlet channel. The water outlet channel includes water outlet channel one (11) and water outlet channel two (12). Water outlet channel one (11) and water outlet channel two (12) are located on two adjacent sides of the sealed waterproof shell (2). Water outlet one (9) is connected to water outlet channel one (11). Water outlet two (10) is connected to water outlet channel two (12). The grid water guiding channel (8) is used for the drainage, collection and utilization of purified rainwater.
7. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The isolation layer (5) is the air gap formed between the intermediate layer (4) and the bottom layer (6). Several support blocks (13) are evenly distributed in the isolation layer (5). The top of the support block (13) supports the bottom of the intermediate layer (4). The bottom of the support block (13) is connected to the top of the bottom layer (6). The support block (13) is staggered from the grid water channel (8).
8. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 7, characterized in that: Several permeable brick bodies (1) are connected horizontally and vertically to form a whole. The horizontally connected adjacent permeable brick bodies (1) and the vertically connected adjacent permeable brick bodies (1) are connected by connecting pipes (14). The two ends of the connecting pipes (14) are respectively inserted into the water outlet channels of the adjacent permeable brick bodies (1). A limiting sheet (15) is set in the middle of the connecting pipes (14), and the limiting sheet (15) is located between the adjacent permeable brick bodies (1).
9. The high-performance adsorption building material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The permeable brick body (1) has a plug (16) for preventing rainwater from flowing out of the water outlet channel, and a limit cap (17) is provided on the plug (16).
10. The rainwater purification method for high-performance adsorption building materials according to claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Surface (3) gradient filtration stage: Rainwater falls onto the surface (3) of the permeable brick body (1), and through the surface (3) it filters out large particles and fine suspended matter in sequence, thus achieving preliminary purification of rainwater; Step 2, intermediate layer (4) deep adsorption and purification stage: rainwater filtered by the surface layer (3) permeates into the intermediate layer (4). The intermediate layer (4) adopts gradient pores and connects with the porosity of the inner layer of the surface layer (3) to guide the rainwater to permeate in an orderly manner. The rainwater flows in the honeycomb microchannels of the intermediate layer (4), prolonging the residence time and contacting the composite adsorption material loaded inside the honeycomb microchannels to achieve deep purification. Step 3, Temporary storage and deepening stage of isolation layer (5): Rainwater purified by intermediate layer (4) permeates into isolation layer (5) to achieve temporary storage of rainwater; Step 4, bottom layer (6) diversion and collection stage: The purified rainwater after temporary storage flows into the grid water diversion channel (8) of the bottom layer (6). The rainwater is collected through the longitudinal and transverse channels of the grid water diversion channel (8) to the outlet 1 (9) and outlet 2 (10) on the side of the bottom layer (6), and then discharged through the corresponding outlet channel 1 (11) and outlet channel 2 (12) on the side of the sealed waterproof shell (2), thus completing the directional collection of purified rainwater.