Fabricated ecological vertical retaining wall and method for assembling same

Abstract

This invention relates to a prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall and its assembly method, belonging to the field of retaining wall technology in civil engineering. The retaining wall comprises prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C, assembled sequentially from top to bottom using concrete casting. Prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A has a top-open cavity structure, with the upper part used for planting flowers and grass, and the lower part hollow to form a rainwater storage cavity, with steel reinforcement joints reserved at the bottom and around the perimeter. Prefabricated ecological retaining wall components B and C have closed cavities filled with coal gangue, with steel reinforcement joints reserved at the top, bottom, and around the perimeter of components B and C. The prefabricated components are connected to each other through the reserved steel reinforcement joints and concrete casting to form an integral structure. Water passage holes are pre-embedded at the joints of the cast-in-place concrete. This invention has the technical advantages of simple and efficient installation, structural stability, good ecological performance, and high resource utilization, while also providing functions such as rainwater storage, temperature and humidity regulation, solid waste disposal, and ecological greening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of retaining wall technology, specifically to a prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall and its assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Retaining walls are structures used to support natural or artificial slopes and maintain soil stability. They are widely used in road construction, slope stabilization, landscaping, and foundation pit support. With the development of social infrastructure, the requirements for the ecological, efficient, and resource-utilizing properties of retaining walls are becoming increasingly stringent. However, traditional retaining walls are mostly constructed using masonry, cast-in-place concrete, or simple precast concrete blocks, which have many technical shortcomings.

[0003] Existing technologies for traditional retaining walls and some prefabricated retaining walls mainly suffer from the following problems: 1. Long construction period: The on-site formwork erection, dismantling, and curing processes for cast-in-place retaining walls are cumbersome, highly susceptible to weather conditions, and unable to quickly meet slope protection needs, lacking timeliness; 2. Lack of ecological benefits: Most are solid, rigid structures, making it impossible to plant vegetation on the surface, damaging the original ecological environment of the soil, and failing to achieve rainwater storage and environmental temperature and humidity regulation functions, which is inconsistent with the concept of sponge city construction; 3. Low resource utilization rate: Traditional retaining walls mostly use natural stone and virgin concrete materials, resulting in the large-scale extraction of natural resources, while my country's coal industry generates... The large amount of coal gangue solid waste is difficult to dispose of effectively, and its accumulation occupies land and causes environmental pollution. There is a lack of mature solutions in the current technology for the efficient resource utilization of coal gangue in retaining wall structures; 4. The structural stability is insufficient. Some prefabricated retaining walls have simple connection methods, which only use stacking or simple splicing. Long-term use is prone to problems such as loosening and falling off of components. The seismic and shear resistance is insufficient, and the overturning resistance is limited. At the same time, there is no dedicated water passage structure at the component connection, which can easily lead to water accumulation and damage to the connection parts; 5. The function is single. It only has the basic function of soil support and cannot meet the needs of modern engineering for ecology, environmental protection and multi-functionality.

[0004] In summary, how to develop a prefabricated retaining wall that combines high-efficiency assembly, environmental protection, resource recycling, and structural stability has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall and its assembly method, so as to solve the problems of low construction efficiency, poor ecological performance, low resource utilization, insufficient structural stability and single function of the existing retaining wall, and achieve the technical effects of efficient assembly, ecological greening, solid waste disposal and multi-functional integration.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, comprising prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A, prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B and prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C assembled sequentially along the height direction of the retaining wall.

[0007] A prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, characterized in that it comprises prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A, prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B, and prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C, which are assembled sequentially along the height direction of the retaining wall.

[0008] Precast ecological retaining wall component A: This includes component A as a main body, which is a concrete-cast cavity structure with an open top. The cavity structure is divided into upper and lower parts by a mesh partition. The upper part of the cavity structure is used to fill planting soil and plant flowers and grasses for ecological greening. Simultaneously, the roots of the flowers and grasses can reinforce the surrounding soil, improving the overall stability of the retaining wall. The lower part of the cavity structure is a hollow rainwater storage chamber for storing rainwater. In hot weather, the evaporation of rainwater regulates the surrounding ambient temperature and removes heat, mitigating the heat island effect. The lower sidewall of the cavity structure has multiple filter holes for rainwater infiltration and drainage, preventing excessive water accumulation in the rainwater storage chamber and preventing damage to the wall due to pressure from accumulated water. The filter holes are located near the upper part of the cavity structure. Multiple steel bar joints are pre-installed on the bottom wall and four sidewalls of component A as a connection for concrete casting with adjacent components in five directions (bottom, front, back, left, and right), providing a connection foundation for on-site concrete casting and ensuring a tight connection with adjacent components.

[0009] Precast ecological retaining wall component B: includes component B body, which is formed by concrete casting and has a closed cavity B inside, which is filled with coal gangue; the top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of component B body are reserved with multiple steel bar joints for concrete casting connection with adjacent components in six directions: up, down, left, right and front.

[0010] Precast ecological retaining wall component C: includes component C body, which is formed by concrete casting and has a closed cavity C inside, which is filled with coal gangue; the top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of component C body are reserved with multiple steel bar joints for concrete casting connection with adjacent components in six directions: up, down, left, right and front.

[0011] The prefabricated ecological retaining wall components B and C are each filled with coal gangue inside their closed cavities, transforming industrial solid waste into the filling material for the retaining wall. This effectively solves the environmental pollution and land occupation problems caused by coal gangue accumulation, realizing the resource utilization of solid waste. At the same time, coal gangue can improve the self-weight and shear resistance of the components, enhancing the overall stability of the retaining wall. Compared with traditional solid concrete components, it can also reduce the amount of concrete used and save on building material costs.

[0012] The top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of precast ecological retaining wall component B and precast ecological retaining wall component C are all reserved with multiple steel bar joints, which can realize precise docking between components and integral concrete pouring, further improving the connection strength.

[0013] Along the height and length of the retaining wall, adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are connected by pre-reserved steel bar joints and concrete pouring to form a stable integral structure, ensuring the retaining wall has good seismic resistance, anti-slip resistance, and anti-overturning performance. Water passage holes are pre-embedded at the concrete joints to allow rainwater to flow between components, preventing water accumulation and damage to the connection points. Specific component structures and assembly methods are detailed in the attached drawings, which clearly show the dimensions, structure, and connection relationships of each component, facilitating construction and assembly. Multiple water passage holes are pre-embedded in each concrete connection layer, with each water passage hole corresponding to a filter hole, and the corresponding water passage holes and filter holes are coaxial.

[0014] The concrete strength grade of the precast ecological retaining wall component A is not lower than C30. The volume of the rainwater storage chamber is 40%-60% of the total volume of the precast ecological retaining wall component A. The volume of the rainwater storage chamber can be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60% of the total volume of the precast ecological retaining wall component A. The diameter of the filter holes is 10-20mm, and the diameter can be 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 18mm, or 20mm. The spacing between adjacent filter holes is 200-300mm, and the spacing can be 200mm, 220mm, 250mm, 280mm, or 300mm. An impermeable membrane is laid at the bottom of the rainwater storage chamber to prevent rainwater leakage. For the foundation, a 50-80mm thick layer of gravel permeable layer is laid on top of the impermeable membrane to prevent the planting soil from clogging the filter holes, while ensuring that rainwater can smoothly enter the rainwater storage chamber or infiltrate and discharge through the filter holes; the rebar joints reserved in component A have an extension length of 150-200mm, which can be 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm or 200mm, and the rebar diameter is 12-16mm, which can be 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm or 16mm. The spacing is consistent with the rebar joints of precast ecological retaining wall component B and precast ecological retaining wall component C to ensure precise connection.

[0015] Preferably, the top planting soil thickness of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A is 150-250mm. The planting soil thickness can be 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm, 200mm, 210mm, 220mm, 230mm, 240mm or 250mm. The planting soil is an ecological planting soil rich in organic matter. The suitable flowers and grasses are weather-resistant, drought-resistant and easy-to-maintain perennial herbaceous plants, such as bermudagrass, liriope, tall fescue, etc., to ensure that the flowers and grasses can grow for a long time, improve the ecological greening effect, and reduce the later maintenance cost.

[0016] Preferably, the concrete strength grade of the precast ecological retaining wall component B and precast ecological retaining wall component C is not lower than C30, and the internal closed cavity filling rate is 80%-98%, which can be 80%, 82%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 98%. The coal gangue used for filling is crushed coal gangue with a particle size of 10-30mm, which can be 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 25mm or 30mm. The coal gangue is dried and cleaned before filling to remove impurities and moisture, preventing the component from cracking due to water absorption and expansion, ensuring filling density, and improving the structural stability of the component. The extended length of the rebar splice is 150-200mm, and the extended length can be 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm, 200mm, 210mm, 220mm, 230mm, 240mm or 250mm. The diameter of the rebar is 12-16mm, and the diameter of the rebar is 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm or 16mm. The spacing between two adjacent rebars on the same side is 200-300mm, and the spacing can be 200mm, 220mm, 250mm, 280mm or 300mm, which facilitates the lap splicing with the rebar splices of adjacent components and ensures the firmness of the concrete splice.

[0017] Preferably, the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C further includes an extension plate, which is connected to one side of the bottom wall of the main body of component C. The length and thickness of the extension plate are the same as those of the bottom wall of the main body of component C. The width of the extension plate extending from the main body of component C is 150-250mm, that is, the width of the bottom wall of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C is 150-250mm wider than the width of the main body of the component. The width of the extension plate can be 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 190mm, 200mm, 210mm, 220mm, 230mm, 240mm, or 250mm. The thickness of the bottom plate is the same as that of the main body of the component. This significantly improves the overturning resistance of the retaining wall without increasing the amount of building materials used. The extension plate increases the contact area with the foundation, effectively improving the overturning resistance of the retaining wall and adapting to complex working conditions such as high slopes.

[0018] As a preferred option, the thickness of the concrete connection layer between adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C is 20-50mm. The thickness of the concrete connection layer can be 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, or 50mm. High-strength, early-strength concrete is used for pouring, and the curing time after pouring is no less than 7 days to ensure that there are no hollows or cracks at the connection points. The connection strength is no less than 80% of the strength of the main concrete of the component, ensuring that the components are tightly connected to form an integral load-bearing structure and improving the overall stability of the retaining wall. The diameter of the water passage holes pre-embedded at the concrete connection is 50-80mm, and the spacing is 500-800mm. The diameter of the water passage holes can be 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, or 80mm, and the spacing is 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, or 800mm. They are connected to the filter holes of component A to achieve smooth flow and storage of rainwater.

[0019] Preferably, the outer walls of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are all designed with a rubble-like texture to enhance the aesthetics of the retaining wall and make it suitable for landscapes such as gardens and roads. During concrete pouring, 10% recycled concrete aggregate is added by weight, with a particle size of 5-20mm. This allows for the recycling of construction waste, reducing the consumption of natural resources and meeting the requirements of green and low-carbon development.

[0020] The present invention also provides an assembly method for the above-mentioned prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Precast Components: Precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are precast using concrete casting. Dimensional deviations for each component are controlled within ±5mm. Precast ecological retaining wall component A is precast with provisions for rainwater storage chambers, filter holes, and multiple steel bar joints on the bottom and four side walls. Precast ecological retaining wall components B and C are precast with provisions for internal cavities, top walls, and bottom walls. Multiple steel bar joints on the wall and four side walls; when the precast ecological retaining wall component C is poured, an extension plate is added on the side close to the main body of component C; when the concrete of precast ecological retaining wall component A, precast ecological retaining wall component B and precast ecological retaining wall component C reaches more than 70% of the design strength, coal gangue is filled into cavity B and cavity C respectively and compacted; a seepage-proof membrane is laid at the bottom of the rainwater storage cavity of precast ecological retaining wall component A, and a gravel permeable layer is laid on top of the seepage-proof membrane.

[0022] S2. Foundation Treatment: The ground in the retaining wall construction area shall be leveled and compacted to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements. Then, a concrete foundation pad layer shall be poured, with a thickness of 100-150mm and a strength grade not lower than C25. After the initial setting of the concrete pad layer, leveling treatment shall be carried out. The thickness of the pad layer can be 100mm, 110mm, 120mm, 130mm, 140mm, or 150mm.

[0023] S3. Layered Assembly: Along the height of the retaining wall, first lay the precast ecological retaining wall component C, adjust the position, levelness, and verticality of the precast ecological retaining wall component C to ensure that the verticality deviation is no greater than 3mm / m and the levelness deviation is no greater than 2mm / m; align the steel bar joints of adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components C, support the formwork on the outside of the joints, pre-embed water passage holes, and pour the concrete connection layer, using a vibrator to compact it during pouring; after the concrete in the concrete connection layer has initially set, lay a leveling layer on top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C, align the steel bar joints at the bottom of the precast ecological retaining wall component B with the steel bar joints at the top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C, and repeat the steps of supporting the formwork, pre-embedding water passage holes, and pouring the concrete connection layer. Then, assemble the precast ecological retaining wall component A in the same way as assembling the precast ecological retaining wall component B, ensuring that all precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are tightly connected and firmly joined.

[0024] S4. Functional Improvement and Maintenance: After all prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are assembled and the concrete connection layer reaches the design strength, fill the top of prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A with planting soil and plant suitable flowers and grasses; carry out comprehensive maintenance on the entire retaining wall structure for no less than 14 days to complete the overall assembly of the retaining wall.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the thickness of the crushed stone permeable layer is 50-80mm to prevent the planting soil from clogging the filter holes; the specific thickness can be 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, or 80mm. In step S3, the concrete connection layer is covered and cured in a timely manner after pouring to avoid shrinkage cracks and ensure connection strength; the components are calibrated in real time during assembly and the positions of the components are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that the overall verticality and horizontality of the retaining wall meet the requirements; the pre-embedded water holes need to be cleaned to avoid being blocked by concrete during the pouring process and to ensure smooth rainwater flow.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0027] 1. Highly efficient and timely assembly: Modular prefabricated components are used, requiring only layered assembly and pouring of connection layers on site. This eliminates the need for complex on-site formwork and demolding procedures, significantly shortening the construction cycle and reducing the impact of weather on construction. It enables rapid completion of slope protection and solves the problems of long construction cycles and poor timeliness in existing technologies. Each component has pre-reserved steel bar joints, facilitating on-site concrete pouring and connection, further improving assembly efficiency and connection strength.

[0028] 2. Significant ecological benefits and diverse functions: The top of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A is planted with flowers and grass, realizing slope greening, restoring the original ecological environment of the soil, and promoting plant growth and microbial reproduction; the rainwater storage chamber and filter holes of component A work together to form a complete rainwater circulation channel, realizing rainwater regulation and infiltration, reducing slope water erosion on rainy days, and regulating the surrounding temperature and humidity through rainwater evaporation on sunny days, alleviating the heat island effect, which is in line with the concept of sponge city construction and breaks through the limitations of traditional retaining walls in terms of lack of ecological benefits and single function.

[0029] 3. High resource recycling rate: The interior of components B and C is filled with coal gangue, which transforms industrial solid waste into retaining wall filling material, effectively solving the environmental pollution and land occupation problems caused by coal gangue accumulation; the outer wall of the components uses recycled concrete aggregate, realizing the recycling of construction solid waste, reducing the consumption of natural stone and virgin concrete raw materials, meeting the requirements of green and low-carbon development, and reducing building material costs, thus solving the problem of low resource utilization rate in existing technologies.

[0030] 4. Stable and reliable structure: All components are connected as a whole through pre-reserved steel bar joints and concrete pouring. Combined with the structural design of the components themselves and the self-weight increase brought by the coal gangue filling, the retaining wall has good seismic resistance, shear resistance, and anti-slip performance. The precast component C has an increased bottom plate width on the side closer to the soil, which significantly improves the overturning resistance of the retaining wall and is suitable for complex conditions such as high slopes. The components are precisely connected and tightly joined, and are not prone to loosening or falling off after long-term use. Water passage holes are pre-embedded at the concrete joints to prevent water accumulation and pressure damage to the joints, further improving the structural durability and solving the problem of insufficient stability of existing prefabricated retaining wall structures. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0036] Example 1: A prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, comprising prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A1, prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B2 and prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C3 assembled sequentially along the height direction of the retaining wall.

[0037] Precast ecological retaining wall component A1: Includes component A as the main body, which is a concrete-cast cavity structure with an open top. The cavity structure is divided into upper and lower parts by a mesh partition. The upper part 12 of the cavity structure is used to fill planting soil and plant flowers and grasses for ecological greening. Simultaneously, the root system of the flowers and grasses can reinforce the surrounding soil and improve the overall stability of the retaining wall. The lower part 13 of the cavity structure is a hollow rainwater storage cavity for storing rainwater. In hot weather, the rainwater evaporation regulates the surrounding ambient temperature. Additionally, in hot weather, the rainwater evaporation... To dissipate heat, regulate the ambient temperature, and mitigate the heat island effect, the lower part 13 of the cavity structure has multiple water filter holes 11 on its side wall for rainwater infiltration and discharge, preventing excessive water accumulation in the rainwater storage cavity and preventing damage to the wall due to water pressure. The water filter holes 11 are located near the upper part 12 of the cavity structure. Multiple steel bar joints are reserved on the bottom wall and four side walls of the main body of component A, which are used to connect with adjacent components in five directions (bottom, front, back, left, and right) for concrete pouring. This provides a connection foundation for on-site concrete pouring and ensures a tight connection with adjacent components.

[0038] Precast ecological retaining wall component B2: includes component B body, which is formed by concrete casting and has a closed cavity B inside, which is filled with coal gangue; the top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of component B body are reserved with multiple steel bar joints for concrete casting connection with adjacent components in six directions: up, down, left, right and front.

[0039] Precast ecological retaining wall component C3: includes component C body, which is formed by concrete casting and has a closed cavity C inside, which is filled with coal gangue; the top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of component C body are reserved with multiple steel bar joints for concrete casting connection with adjacent components in six directions: up, down, left, right and front.

[0040] The precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 are each filled with coal gangue inside their closed cavities, transforming industrial solid waste into a retaining wall filling material. This effectively solves the environmental pollution and land occupation problems caused by coal gangue accumulation, realizing the resource utilization of solid waste. At the same time, coal gangue can improve the self-weight and shear resistance of the components, enhancing the overall stability of the retaining wall. Compared with traditional solid concrete components, it can also reduce the amount of concrete used and save on building material costs.

[0041] The top wall, bottom wall and four side walls of precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 are all reserved with multiple steel bar joints, which can realize precise docking between components and integral concrete pouring, further improving the connection strength.

[0042] Along the height and length of the retaining wall, adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3 are connected by pre-reserved steel bar joints and concrete pouring to form a stable overall structure, ensuring that the retaining wall has good seismic resistance, anti-slip resistance, and anti-overturning performance. Water passage holes are pre-embedded at the concrete joints to allow rainwater to flow between components, preventing water accumulation and damage to the connection points. Specific component structures and assembly methods are detailed in the attached drawings, which clearly show the dimensions, structure, and connection relationships of each component, facilitating construction and assembly. Multiple water passage holes are pre-embedded in each concrete pouring connection layer, and these water passage holes correspond one-to-one with the filter holes 11, with the corresponding water passage holes and filter holes 11 coaxial.

[0043] The concrete strength grade of the precast ecological retaining wall component A1 is not lower than C30. The volume of the rainwater storage chamber is 40%-60% of the total volume of the precast ecological retaining wall component A1. The diameter of the filter holes 11 is 10-20mm, and the spacing between adjacent filter holes 11 is 200-300mm. An impermeable membrane is laid at the bottom of the rainwater storage chamber to prevent rainwater from seeping into the foundation. A 50-80mm thick layer of gravel permeable layer is laid on top of the impermeable membrane to prevent the planting soil from clogging the filter holes 11, while ensuring that rainwater can smoothly enter the rainwater storage chamber or infiltrate and discharge through the filter holes 11. The extension length of the steel bar joints reserved in component A is 150-200mm, the diameter of the steel bars is 12-16mm, and the spacing is consistent with the steel bar joints of precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 to ensure accurate connection.

[0044] Specifically, the top planting soil thickness of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A1 is 150-250mm. The planting soil is ecological planting soil rich in organic matter. The suitable flowers and grasses are weather-resistant, drought-resistant, and easy-to-maintain perennial herbaceous plants, such as bermudagrass, liriope, and tall fescue, to ensure that the flowers and grasses can grow for a long time, improve the ecological greening effect, and reduce the later maintenance cost.

[0045] Specifically, the concrete strength grade of the precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 is not lower than C30, the internal closed cavity filling rate is 80%-98%, and the coal gangue used for filling is crushed coal gangue with a particle size of 10-30mm. The coal gangue is dried and cleaned before filling to remove impurities and moisture, thus preventing the coal gangue from absorbing water and expanding, which could cause the components to crack. This ensures the compactness of the filling and improves the structural stability of the components. The precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 have a pre-reserved steel bar joint with an extension length of 150-200mm and a steel bar diameter of 12-16mm. The spacing between two adjacent steel bars on the same side is 200-300mm, which facilitates the overlap of steel bar joints with adjacent components and ensures the firmness of the concrete integral pouring.

[0046] Specifically, the precast ecological retaining wall component C3 also includes an extension plate 31, which is connected to one side of the bottom wall of the main body of component C. The length and thickness of the extension plate 31 are the same as those of the bottom wall of the main body of component C, and the width of the extension plate 31 extending from the main body of component C is 150-250mm. That is, the bottom wall width of the precast ecological retaining wall component C3 is 150-250mm wider than the width of the main body of the component, which can increase the contact area with the foundation, effectively improve the overturning resistance of the retaining wall, and adapt to complex working conditions such as high slopes.

[0047] Specifically, the thickness of the concrete connection layer between adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3 is 20-50mm. High-strength, early-strength concrete is used for pouring, and the curing time after pouring is no less than 7 days to ensure that there are no hollows or cracks at the connection points. The connection strength is no less than 80% of the strength of the main concrete of the component, ensuring that all components are tightly connected to form an integral load-bearing structure and improving the overall stability of the retaining wall. The diameter of the water passage holes embedded at the concrete connection is 50-80mm, and the spacing is 500-800mm. They are connected to the filter holes 11 of component A to realize the smooth flow and storage of rainwater.

[0048] Specifically, the outer walls of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3 are all designed with a faux rubble texture, enhancing the aesthetics of the retaining wall and making it suitable for landscapes such as gardens and roads. During concrete pouring, 10% recycled concrete aggregate (5) is incorporated into the concrete, with a particle size of 5-20mm, achieving resource recycling of construction waste, reducing the consumption of natural resources, and meeting the requirements of green and low-carbon development. The bottom slab width of prefabricated component C is 150-250mm wider than the main body width, and the bottom slab thickness is consistent with the main body thickness, significantly improving the overturning resistance of the retaining wall without increasing the amount of building materials used.

[0049] Example 2: An assembly method for the above-mentioned prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, using prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A1, prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B2 and prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C3 from Example 1, including the following steps:

[0050] S1: Precast Components: Precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3. Precast components are formed by concrete casting, with dimensional deviations controlled within ±5mm. During casting, precast ecological retaining wall component A1 includes a rainwater storage cavity, filter holes 11, and multiple steel bar joints on the bottom and four side walls. Precast ecological retaining wall components B2 and C3 include internal cavities and top walls. Multiple steel bar joints on the bottom wall and four side walls; when the precast ecological retaining wall component C3 is poured, an extension plate 31 is added on the side close to the main body of component C; when the concrete of precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2 and C3 reaches more than 70% of the design strength, coal gangue is filled into cavity B and cavity C respectively and compacted; a seepage-proof membrane is laid at the bottom of the rainwater storage cavity of precast ecological retaining wall component A1, and a gravel permeable layer is laid on top of the seepage-proof membrane.

[0051] S2. Foundation Treatment: The foundation of the retaining wall construction area is leveled and compacted to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements. Then, a concrete foundation pad is poured with a thickness of 100-150mm and a strength grade of not less than C25. After the initial setting of the pad concrete, leveling treatment is carried out.

[0052] S3. Layered Assembly: Along the height of the retaining wall, first lay the precast ecological retaining wall component C3, adjust the position, levelness, and verticality of the precast ecological retaining wall component C3 to ensure that the verticality deviation is no greater than 3mm / m and the levelness deviation is no greater than 2mm / m; align the steel bar joints of adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components C3, support the formwork on the outside of the joints, pre-embed water passage holes, and pour the concrete connection layer, using a vibrator to compact it during pouring; after the concrete in the concrete connection layer has initially set, lay a leveling layer on top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C3, align the steel bar joint at the bottom of the precast ecological retaining wall component B2 with the steel bar joint at the top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C3, and repeat the steps of supporting the formwork, pre-embedding water passage holes, and pouring the concrete connection layer. Then, assemble the precast ecological retaining wall component A1 in the same way as assembling the precast ecological retaining wall component B2, ensuring that all precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3 are tightly connected and firmly joined.

[0053] S4. Functional Improvement and Maintenance: After all precast ecological retaining wall components A1, B2, and C3 are assembled and the concrete connection layer reaches the design strength, fill the top of precast ecological retaining wall component A1 with planting soil and plant suitable flowers and grasses; carry out comprehensive maintenance on the entire retaining wall structure for no less than 14 days to complete the overall assembly of the retaining wall.

[0054] Specifically, in step S1, the thickness of the crushed stone permeable layer is 50-80mm to prevent the planting soil from clogging the filter holes 11; in step S3, the concrete connection layer is covered and cured in a timely manner after pouring to prevent shrinkage cracks and ensure connection strength; during the assembly of components, the components are calibrated in real time and the position of the components is adjusted in a timely manner to ensure that the overall verticality and horizontality of the retaining wall meet the requirements; the pre-embedded water passage holes need to be cleaned to prevent them from being blocked by concrete during the pouring process and to ensure smooth rainwater flow.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fabricated ecological vertical retaining wall, characterized in that, The prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B and C are sequentially assembled along the height direction of the retaining wall. The prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A comprises a component A main body which is a cavity structure with an open top and is formed by pouring concrete, and the cavity structure is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a partition net, wherein the upper part of the cavity structure is used for filling planting soil and planting flowers and plants, the lower part of the cavity structure is a hollow rainwater storage cavity for storing rainwater, the side wall of the lower part of the cavity structure has a plurality of water filtering holes close to the upper part of the cavity structure, and the bottom wall and the four side walls of the component A main body are provided with a plurality of steel bar joints for realizing concrete pouring connection with adjacent components in five directions of below and front, back, left and right. The prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B comprises a component B main body which is formed by pouring concrete and has a closed cavity B filled with coal gangue in the inside, and the top wall, the bottom wall and the four side walls of the component B main body are provided with a plurality of steel bar joints for realizing concrete pouring connection with adjacent components in six directions of up, down, left, right, front and back. The prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C comprises a component C main body which is formed by pouring concrete and has a closed cavity C filled with coal gangue in the inside, and the top wall, the bottom wall and the four side walls of the component C main body are provided with a plurality of steel bar joints for realizing concrete pouring connection with adjacent components in six directions of up, down, left, right, front and back. Along the height and length directions of the retaining wall, the prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B and C are connected by the reserved steel bar joints and concrete pouring to form a stable overall structure, and each connecting layer of the concrete pouring is provided with a plurality of water passing holes corresponding to the water filtering holes.

2. The assembled ecological vertical retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The concrete strength grade of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A is not less than C30, the volume of the rainwater storage cavity is 40%-60% of the total volume of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A, and the aperture of the water filtering hole is 10-20 mm with a spacing of 200-300 mm between adjacent water filtering holes.

3. The assembled ecological vertical retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The rainwater storage cavity bottom of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A is paved with an anti-seepage film, and a 50-80 mm thick gravel water permeable layer is paved above the anti-seepage film.

4. The assembled ecological straight retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C further comprises an extension plate connected to one side of the bottom wall of the component C main body, and the length and thickness of the extension plate are the same as those of the bottom wall of the component C main body, and the width of the extension plate extending from the component C main body is 150-250 mm.

5. The assembled ecological straight retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The concrete strength grade of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component B and the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component C is not less than C30, the cavity B and the cavity C are both paved with an anti-seepage film, the filling rate of the cavity B and the cavity C is 80%-98%, the filled coal gangue is broken coal gangue with a particle size of 10-30 mm, and the coal gangue is dried and impurity-removed before being filled.

6. The assembled ecological straight retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C all have a precast steel bar joint with an extension length of 150-200mm and a steel bar diameter of 12-16mm. The spacing between two adjacent steel bars on the same side is 200-300mm.

7. The assembled ecological straight retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the concrete connection layer poured between adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C is 20-50mm, and the connection strength is not less than 80% of the main concrete strength of the component; the diameter of the water passage hole pre-embedded in each connection layer is 50-80mm, and the distance between two adjacent water passage holes in each connection layer is 500-800mm.

8. The assembled ecological straight retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein, The outer walls of the precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are all designed with a rubble-like texture. When the concrete is poured, 10% of the recycled concrete aggregate is added, and the particle size of the recycled concrete aggregate is 5-20mm.

9. A method of assembling a prefabricated ecological vertical retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Precast Components: Precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are precast using concrete casting. The dimensional deviation of each component is controlled within ±5mm. During the casting of precast ecological retaining wall component A, multiple steel bar joints are reserved in the rainwater storage cavity, filter holes, bottom wall, and four side walls. During the casting of precast ecological retaining wall components B and C, multiple steel bar joints are reserved in the internal cavity, top wall, bottom wall, and four side walls. During the casting of precast ecological retaining wall component C, an extension plate is added simultaneously on the side close to the main body of component C. When the concrete of precast ecological retaining wall component A, precast ecological retaining wall component B and precast ecological retaining wall component C reaches more than 70% of the design strength, coal gangue is filled into cavity B and cavity C respectively and compacted; a seepage-proof membrane is laid at the bottom of the rainwater storage cavity of precast ecological retaining wall component A, and a crushed stone permeable layer is laid on top of the seepage-proof membrane. S2. Foundation Treatment: The foundation of the retaining wall construction area is leveled and compacted to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements. Then, a concrete foundation pad is poured with a thickness of 100-150mm and a strength grade of not less than C25. After the initial setting of the pad concrete, leveling treatment is carried out. S3. Layered Assembly: Along the height of the retaining wall, first lay the precast ecological retaining wall component C, adjust the position, levelness, and verticality of the precast ecological retaining wall component C to ensure that the verticality deviation is no greater than 3mm / m and the levelness deviation is no greater than 2mm / m; align the steel bar joints of adjacent precast ecological retaining wall components C, support the formwork on the outside of the joints, pre-embed water passage holes, and pour the concrete connection layer, using a vibrator to compact it during pouring; after the concrete in the concrete connection layer has initially set, lay a leveling layer on top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C, align the steel bar joints at the bottom of the precast ecological retaining wall component B with the steel bar joints at the top of the precast ecological retaining wall component C, and repeat the steps of supporting the formwork, pre-embedding water passage holes, and pouring the concrete connection layer. Then, assemble the precast ecological retaining wall component A in the same way as assembling the precast ecological retaining wall component B, ensuring that all precast ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are tightly connected and firmly joined. S4. Functional Improvement and Maintenance: After all prefabricated ecological retaining wall components A, B, and C are assembled and the concrete connection layer reaches the design strength, fill the top of prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A with planting soil and plant suitable flowers and grasses; carry out comprehensive maintenance on the entire retaining wall structure for no less than 14 days to complete the overall assembly of the retaining wall.

10. The method of assembly of claim 9, wherein, In step S1, the thickness of the crushed stone permeable layer is 50-80mm to prevent the planting soil from clogging the filter holes; in step S3, the concrete connection layer is covered and cured immediately after pouring to prevent shrinkage cracks. The pre-embedded water passage holes must be precisely aligned with the filter holes of the prefabricated ecological retaining wall component A to ensure smooth flow of rainwater.

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