A method for improving light output based on different arrangements of conical structures
By constructing a periodic array of nanoconical structures on the surface of perovskite crystals and optimizing their arrangement and geometric parameters, the problem of low light extraction efficiency of perovskite scintillation crystals was solved, achieving high-efficiency light output and uniform light emission characteristics, thus improving the performance of the radiation detector.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing perovskite scintillation crystal materials have low light extraction efficiency due to their high refractive index, which limits their application in radiation detectors.
A periodic nanostructure array was constructed on the crystal surface, using tetragonal and hexagonal nanoconical structures. The geometric parameters were optimized by combining the FDTD algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm to improve light transmittance.
Significantly improves light output efficiency; the transmittance of the tetragonal arrangement model is increased by 16.04 times, and the light output of the hexagonal arrangement model is more uniform, improving the system's angle tolerance and light collection efficiency.
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Figure CN122284101A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear detection technology, and in particular to a method for improving light output based on different arrangements of conical structures. Background Technology
[0002] Scintillator detectors are currently the most widely used type of detector in the field of radiation detection. Due to their excellent response to various high-energy particles and photons, they are widely used in many key areas such as non-destructive testing, environmental radiation monitoring, and medical imaging. The overall detection efficiency of a scintillator detector is mainly determined by two core factors: light conversion efficiency and light extraction efficiency. Light conversion efficiency primarily depends on the electronic structure of the scintillator material and its response to high-energy particles; while light extraction efficiency is significantly affected by factors such as the material's refractive index, interface structure, and the propagation path of the emitted light.
[0003] Among numerous scintillator materials, perovskite scintillator crystals (such as...) Due to its excellent fluorescence properties, high light yield, and high atomic number, it shows great application potential in next-generation high-performance radiation detectors. This is especially true in applications requiring high sensitivity and image quality, such as medical X-ray imaging and environmental nuclide detection. It exhibits superior performance. However, the high refractive index (n≈2.64) of this type of material also brings significant challenges to light extraction: at the crystal-air interface, due to Fresnel reflection and total internal reflection effects, a large number of photons generated internally cannot escape effectively, which ultimately severely limits the light extraction efficiency and becomes a major bottleneck restricting its application. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure, which solves the problem of low light output efficiency in the prior art. It has the advantages of strong structural integrity, superior optical performance, and applicability to devices such as radiation detectors.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure, comprising: S1, in A periodic nanostructure array is constructed on the crystal surface. The unit of the periodic nanostructure array is a nanocone, which is integrally formed with the crystal to form a refractive index gradient interface to improve light extraction efficiency. S2. Periodic nanostructure arrays are divided into tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements. S3. Use the FDTD algorithm to establish a physical model, and set boundary conditions and light source type that conform to the physical conditions of perovskite luminescence. S4. Under a light source of a specific wavelength, the effect of nanostructures on transmittance is analyzed using the scanning function of FDTD. S5. Using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized with the preset light transmittance as the target. S6. Evaluate the convergence of particle swarm optimization.
[0006] In some embodiments of this application, in S1, the geometric parameters of the periodic nanostructure array are: radius R of 200-550 nm, height H of 200-800 nm, and period P of 400-2000 nm.
[0007] In some embodiments of this application, in S1, in Constructing periodic nanostructure arrays on crystal surfaces includes: Establish a A rectangular prism with crystal as the material, and a periodic array of nanostructures is established on the surface of the rectangular prism; The periodic nanostructure array unit is a nanocone, and the medium for the detector and the crystal surface is air.
[0008] In some embodiments of this application, in S2, the periodic nanostructure array is divided into a tetragonal arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement. The radius of the nanoarray unit in both the tetragonal and hexagonal arrangement models is R. In the tetragonal arrangement model, the nanoarray unit is only at a distance P from the nanoarray units above, below, to the left, and to the right, but not at a distance P from the diagonally aligned nanoarray units. In the hexagonal arrangement model, the distance P is always between the surrounding nanoarray units, and the angle between three adjacent nanoarray units is 60°.
[0009] In some embodiments of this application, in S3, the boundary condition is selected as periodic cycle, the light source is selected as plane wave light source, and the light source direction is the surface of the cuboid with periodic nanostructure array that is normally incident.
[0010] In some embodiments of this application, in S4, the wavelength of the light source is selected as 527nm.
[0011] In some embodiments of this application, in step S5, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm with a preset light transmittance as the target, including: Set the number of iterative ions to 20, the number of iterations to 100, and set the geometric parameters of the physical model; Set up a transmittance monitor, determine the maximum transmittance value as the target parameter for iteration, and perform iterative optimization.
[0012] In some embodiments of this application, in S5, the physical model includes a four-sided arrangement model and a six-sided arrangement model; The geometric parameters of the nanocone are: radius 200-550nm, height 200-800nm, and period 400-2000nm. In some embodiments of this application, in step S6, evaluating the convergence of the particle swarm optimization includes: Calculate the transmittance growth rate in particle swarm optimization. If the transmittance growth rate is below 0.1%, it is considered converged and the iteration is terminated; if the transmittance growth rate is above 0.1%, the iteration continues.
[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. The array structure designed in this invention significantly improves the light extraction efficiency. Under a 527nm dipole light source, the tetrahedral arrangement model... The transmittance of the crystal can be increased by up to 16.04 times.
[0014] 2. The hexagonal arrangement model improves transmittance while making the overall light output more uniform, exhibiting a smoother and more continuous angular distribution. For scintillators and photodetector applications, this isotropic uniform light output characteristic helps improve the system's angular tolerance and overall light collection efficiency.
[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the four-sided and six-sided arrangements according to embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 The results show the influence of two models on transmittance in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 4 This is the particle swarm optimization convergence result of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a comparison of the transmittance of the two arrangements of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure, including: S1, in A periodic nanostructure array is constructed on the crystal surface. The unit of the periodic nanostructure array is a nanocone, which is integrally formed with the crystal to form a refractive index gradient interface to improve light extraction efficiency. S2. Establish a periodic nanostructure array, with array arrangements divided into tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements; S3. Use the FDTD algorithm to establish a physical model, and set boundary conditions and light source type that conform to the physical conditions of perovskite luminescence. S4. Under a light source of a specific wavelength, the effect of nanostructures on transmittance is analyzed using the scanning function of FDTD. S5. Using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized with the preset light transmittance as the target. S6. Evaluate the convergence of particle swarm optimization.
[0020] This invention explores the effects of tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements on transmittance, and has universal applicability to perovskite microstructures; this invention can effectively find the optimal transmittance parameters through FDTD particle swarm optimization.
[0021] In some embodiments of this application, in S1, the geometric parameters of the periodic nanostructure array are: radius R of 200-550 nm, height H of 200-800 nm, and period P of 400-2000 nm.
[0022] In some embodiments of this application, in S1, in Constructing periodic nanostructure arrays on crystal surfaces includes: Establish a A rectangular prism with crystal as the material, and a periodic array of nanostructures is established on the surface of the rectangular prism; The periodic nanostructure array unit is a nanocone, and the medium for the detector and the crystal surface is air.
[0023] In some embodiments of this application, in S2, the periodic nanostructure array is divided into a tetragonal arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement. The radius of the nanoarray unit in both the tetragonal and hexagonal arrangement models is R. In the tetragonal arrangement model, the nanoarray unit is only at a distance P from the nanoarray units above, below, to the left, and to the right, but not at a distance P from the diagonally aligned nanoarray units. In the hexagonal arrangement, the distance P is between all surrounding nanoarray units, and the angle between three adjacent nanoarray units is 60°.
[0024] In some embodiments of this application, in S3, the boundary condition is selected as periodic cycle, the light source is selected as plane wave light source, and the light source direction is the surface of the cuboid with periodic nanostructure array that is normally incident.
[0025] In some embodiments of this application, in S4, the wavelength of the light source is selected as 527nm.
[0026] In some embodiments of this application, in step S5, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm with a preset light transmittance as the target, including: Set the number of iterative ions to 20, the number of iterations to 100, and set the geometric parameters of the physical model; Set up a transmittance monitor, determine the maximum transmittance value as the target parameter for iteration, and perform iterative optimization.
[0027] In some embodiments of this application, in S5, the physical model includes a four-sided arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement model; The geometric parameters of the array unit nanocones are: radius 200-550 nm, height 200-800 nm, and period 400-2000 nm. In some embodiments of this application, in step S5, evaluating the convergence of the particle swarm optimization includes: Calculate the transmittance growth rate in particle swarm optimization. If the transmittance growth rate is below 0.1%, it is considered converged and the iteration is terminated; if the transmittance growth rate is above 0.1%, the iteration continues.
[0028] The following examples demonstrate two experimental verifications.
[0029] The first step is to build the model using FDTD. First, create a cuboid, then build a conical array on the surface of the cuboid. The selection of materials for the cuboid and the conical array is as follows. Crystal. The medium chosen for both the detector and the crystal surface is air.
[0030] The second step is to change the arrangement of the conical array, the square arrangement, and the hexagonal arrangement model as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown.
[0031] The second step is to set boundary conditions and light source type that conform to the physical conditions of perovskite luminescence. The boundary condition is set to Periodic, and the light source is set to Plane Source.
[0032] The third step is to adjust the incident direction of the light source so that it is incident on the surface of the cuboid with nanostructures.
[0033] The fourth step involves using the sweep function of FDTD to investigate the effects of tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements on transmittance, with the plane wave source wavelength set to 527 nm. Figure 3 As shown.
[0034] (a) Electric field distribution of a tetragonal arrangement under a 527nm plane wave source with 40° s polarization; (b) Electric field distribution of a hexagonal arrangement under a 527nm plane wave source with 40° s polarization.
[0035] The fifth step involves iteratively optimizing the structural parameters using FDTD optical simulation combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, with 20 iterative ions and 100 iterations.
[0036] Step 6: Set the model parameters, where the nanocone radius R is 200-550nm, the height H is 200-800nm, and the period P is 400-2000nm.
[0037] Step 7: Set the iteration target parameter to the transmittance monitor and select the maximum transmittance value as the target.
[0038] Step 8: Evaluate the convergence of particle swarm optimization by calculating the transmittance growth rate, ensuring it is below 0.1% to prove convergence. If convergence is not achieved, continue iterating until a convergent iterative result is obtained, such as... Figure 4 As shown, this is a transmittance trend graph with the target of maximum transmittance under a 527nm light source, iterated 100 times.
[0039] like Figure 5 The array structure designed in this invention significantly improves the light extraction efficiency. Under a 527nm dipole light source, the tetrahedral arrangement model... The transmittance of the crystal can be improved by up to 16.04 times, and the nanopore model by 87%. The hexagonal arrangement model not only improves transmittance but also makes the overall light emission more uniform, exhibiting a smoother and more continuous angular distribution. For scintillators and photodetector-related applications, this isotropic uniform light emission characteristic helps to improve the system's angular tolerance and overall light collection efficiency.
[0040] In this application, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any inconsistency, the meaning set forth in this specification or derived from the content described herein shall prevail. Furthermore, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving light output based on different arrangements of conical structures, characterized in that, include: S1, in A periodic nanostructure array is constructed on the crystal surface. The unit of the periodic nanostructure array is a nanocone, which is integrally formed with the crystal to form a refractive index gradient interface to improve light extraction efficiency. S2. Periodic nanostructure arrays are divided into tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements; S3. Use the FDTD algorithm to establish a physical model, and set boundary conditions and light source type that conform to the physical conditions of perovskite luminescence. S4. Under a light source of a specific wavelength, the effect of nanostructures on transmittance is analyzed using the scanning function of FDTD. S5. Using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized with the preset light transmittance as the target. S6. Evaluate the convergence of particle swarm optimization.
2. The method for improving the light extraction efficiency of a scintillation crystal based on different arrangements of nanoconical structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the geometric parameters of the periodic nanostructure array are as follows: radius R is 200-550nm, height H is 200-800nm, and period P is 400-2000nm.
3. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S1, Constructing periodic nanostructure arrays on crystal surfaces includes: Establish a A rectangular prism with crystal as the material, and a periodic array of nanostructures is established on the surface of the rectangular prism; The periodic nanostructure array unit is a nanocone, and the medium for the detector and the crystal surface is air.
4. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S2, the periodic nanostructure array is divided into tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements. The radius of the nanoarray unit in both the tetragonal and hexagonal arrangements is R. In the tetragonal arrangement, the nanoarray unit is only at a distance P from the nanoarray units above, below, to the left, and to the right, but not at a distance P from the diagonally positioned nanoarray units. In the hexagonal arrangement, the distance P is always between the nanoarray units and the surrounding nanoarray units, and the angle between three adjacent nanoarray units is 60°.
5. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S3, the boundary condition is selected as periodic cycle, the light source is selected as plane wave light source, and the light source direction is the surface of the cuboid with periodic nanostructure array on the side that is normally incident.
6. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, In S4, the wavelength of the light source is selected as 527nm.
7. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the geometric parameters are iteratively optimized using FDTD optical simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, with a preset light transmittance as the target. This includes: Set the number of iterative ions to 20, the number of iterations to 100, and set the geometric parameters of the physical model; Set up a transmittance monitor, determine the maximum transmittance value as the target parameter for iteration, and perform iterative optimization.
8. The method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S5, the physical model includes a four-sided arrangement and a hexagonal arrangement; The geometric parameters of the nanocone are: radius 200-550nm, height 200-800nm, and period 400-2000nm.
9. A method for improving light output based on different arrangements of a conical structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S6, the evaluation of the convergence of the particle swarm optimization includes: Calculate the transmittance growth rate in particle swarm optimization. If the transmittance growth rate is below 0.1%, it is considered converged and the iteration is terminated; if the transmittance growth rate is above 0.1%, the iteration continues.