Gas-solid co-current downflow bed distributor and reactor

Abstract

This application provides a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and reactor. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor includes a shell, multiple flooding pipes, and multiple main duct groups. The shell has a particle distribution chamber, a pre-air chamber, a main air chamber, and a gas-solid contact chamber distributed from top to bottom at intervals. The pre-air chamber is connected to the particle distribution chamber. The multiple flooding pipes are arranged in an array inside the shell, with both ends of the flooding pipes connected to the particle distribution chamber and the gas-solid contact chamber, respectively. The multiple main duct groups are distributed radially at intervals along the shell. Each main duct group includes multiple branch pipes distributed circumferentially along the shell. One end of each branch pipe is connected to the main air chamber, and the other end extends into the gas-solid contact chamber. The length of the branch pipes in different main duct groups gradually increases towards the edge of the shell. This application achieves the goal of uniform radial particle distribution and efficient gas-solid contact by using branch pipes of varying lengths in conjunction with multiple cavity segments to change the solid particle volume fraction at the branch pipe outlet.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of chemical, energy, and oil refining equipment technology, and in particular to a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to two-phase co-current upward flow reactors operating against gravity, downward flow bed reactors with concurrent gas-solid flow offer several advantages: uniform radial particle distribution, low axial backmixing of gas and solid, reduced particle agglomeration, and shorter residence time. These characteristics effectively meet the stringent requirements of rapid reactions for precise reaction time control and uniform gas-solid contact. Therefore, researchers have proposed its application in fields such as heavy oil catalytic cracking, rapid pyrolysis of pulverized coal and biomass, and methanol-to-olefins.

[0003] The related technology discloses an inlet distributor, which includes a housing; a solid inlet is provided at the upper end of the housing, and a mixture outlet is provided at the lower end of the housing; the inner cavity of the housing is divided into an upper fluidization zone and a lower gas-solid mixing zone by a sealing plate arranged radially; a fluidizing air inlet is provided at the lower part of the fluidization zone, and a raw material oil and gas inlet is provided at the upper part of the gas-solid mixing zone; a plurality of Venturi-type overflow pipes are provided on the sealing plate for fluid communication between the fluidization zone and the gas-solid mixing zone; a first gas distribution plate with an upward opening is arranged radially between the outer wall of the upper end of the overflow pipe and the housing; the fluidizing air inlet is located below the first gas distribution plate.

[0004] However, although the above-mentioned device can achieve stable operation under high particle flow rate conditions, its impact on the downstream area is limited. After the particles enter the downflow bed and are accelerated by the main wind, there is still a situation where the particle concentration is unevenly distributed radially in the bed layer in the downstream area, which is not conducive to gas-solid two-phase contact. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, this application provides a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and reactor to solve the problem of uneven radial distribution of particle concentration inside existing reactors, which is not conducive to gas-solid two-phase contact.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor, comprising:

[0007] The housing has a particle distribution chamber, a pre-air chamber, a main air chamber, and a gas-solid contact chamber distributed from top to bottom. The pre-air chamber is connected to the particle distribution chamber. The housing is also provided with a solid particle inlet and a gas-solid outlet. The solid particle inlet is connected to the particle distribution chamber, and the gas-solid outlet is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber.

[0008] Multiple flooding tubes are arranged in an array inside the housing, and the two ends of each flooding tube are respectively connected to the particle distribution cavity and the gas-solid contact cavity;

[0009] Multiple main air duct groups are distributed radially at intervals along the housing. Each main air duct group includes multiple branch pipes, which are evenly distributed circumferentially along the housing. One end of each branch pipe is connected to the main air cavity, and the other end extends into the gas-solid contact cavity. The branch pipes in each main air duct group have the same length, and the length of the branch pipes in different main air duct groups gradually increases towards the edge of the housing.

[0010] In some embodiments, the diameter of the branch pipes in different main duct assemblies gradually increases along the direction towards the edge of the housing, so that the outlet air velocity of the branch pipes in multiple main duct assemblies is the same; and / or

[0011] The outlet gas velocity of the branch pipe ranges from 0.1 m / s to 80 m / s.

[0012] In some embodiments, the diameter of the branch pipe is in the range of 5mm-500mm, the length of the branch pipe is in the range of 10mm-10000mm, and the length difference of the branch pipe in two adjacent main duct groups is 5mm-5000mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the solid particle inlet is located at the top of the housing;

[0014] It also includes a particle guide plate, which is disposed in the particle distribution cavity and located below the solid particle inlet. The particle guide plate is conical and has multiple diversion holes arranged in an array.

[0015] In some embodiments, the angle between the generatrix of the particle guide plate and the horizontal direction is α, wherein α satisfies: 15°≤α≤60°; and / or

[0016] The axis of the diversion hole is perpendicular to the generatrix of the particle guide plate or parallel to the axis of the shell, and the opening ratio of the particle guide plate ranges from 0.1% to 20%; and / or

[0017] The vertical projections of the multiple flooding pipes are all located within the vertical projection of the particle guide plate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the system further includes a pre-distribution plate, a partition plate, and a main distribution plate, wherein the pre-distribution plate, the partition plate, and the main distribution plate are spaced apart from top to bottom within the housing to divide the housing into the particle distribution chamber, the pre-air chamber, the main air chamber, and the gas-solid contact chamber, and the flooding pipe passes through the pre-distribution plate, the partition plate, and the main distribution plate.

[0019] In some embodiments, the pre-distribution plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes arranged in an array, the first through holes connecting the particle distribution cavity and the pre-air cavity.

[0020] In some embodiments, the main distribution plate is arranged in an array with a plurality of second through holes and a plurality of third through holes. The plurality of second through holes correspond to a plurality of branch pipes, one end of the branch pipe is connected to the second through hole, and the plurality of third through holes correspond to a plurality of flooding pipes. The flooding pipes are inserted into the third through holes, and the diameter of the third through holes is larger than the outer diameter of the flooding pipes.

[0021] In some embodiments, a partition plate is also included, which is disposed in the main air cavity to divide the main air cavity into a first main air cavity and a second main air cavity arranged from top to bottom. The partition plate is provided with a plurality of fourth through holes, which correspond to a plurality of second through holes. The branch pipe passes through the first through hole and one end of it is connected to the fourth through hole.

[0022] Secondly, this application also provides a gas-solid mixing reactor, which includes the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and the reaction tube described in the first aspect, and the reaction tube is connected to the gas-solid outlet.

[0023] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The shell contains, from top to bottom, spaced out, a particle distribution chamber, a pre-air chamber, a main air chamber, and a gas-solid contact chamber. All four chambers are cylindrical and coaxial. The pre-air chamber is connected to the particle distribution chamber and is used to supply gas into it. A solid particle inlet is connected to the particle distribution chamber and is used to supply particles into it. A gas-solid outlet is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber and is used to discharge the gas-solid mixture from it. Multiple flooding pipes are evenly arranged in a circumferential array within the shell, extending vertically. Each end of a flooding pipe connects to both the particle distribution chamber and the gas-solid contact chamber, thereby transporting particles from the particle distribution chamber to the gas-solid contact chamber. Multiple branch pipes within the main duct assembly are uniformly arranged in a complete circle around the axis of the shell, while multiple main duct assemblies are distributed radially at intervals along the shell, resulting in multiple concentric circles of different diameters around the shell's axis. Branch pipes within the same main duct assembly have the same length, while branch pipes in different main duct assemblies become shorter the closer they are to the shell's axis. This application achieves precise and appropriate air distribution of the main air within the gas-solid contact cavity by using branch pipes of varying lengths in conjunction with multiple cavity segments. Simultaneously, uniformly arranged flooding pipes complete particle pre-dispersion. Combined with the directional airflow distribution in the pre-air cavity and main air cavity, the main air is directly delivered to different positions within the gas-solid contact cavity, altering the solid particle volume fraction at the branch pipe outlets. This achieves the goal of radially uniform particle distribution and efficient gas-solid contact within the gas-solid parallel-flow downflow bed distributor. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor in one embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the main distribution plate and flooding pipe in one embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the particle guide plate in one embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor in another embodiment of this application.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 10-Shell; 11-Particle distribution chamber; 12-Pre-air chamber; 13-Main air chamber; 131-First main air chamber; 132-Second main air chamber; 14-Gas-solid contact chamber; 15-Solid particle inlet; 16-Gas-solid outlet; 17-Pre-distribution air inlet; 18-Main air inlet; 181-First inlet; 182-Second inlet;

[0032] 20-Flooding pipe;

[0033] 30-branch pipe;

[0034] 40 - Particle guide plate; 41 - Flow divider hole;

[0035] 50 - Pre-distribution plate; 51 - First through hole;

[0036] 60-partition;

[0037] 70 - Main distribution plate; 71 - Second through hole; 72 - Third through hole;

[0038] 80 - Separator plate; 81 - Fourth through hole.

[0039] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0043] The terms “first,” “second,” and “third” (if any) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or display that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or display.

[0045] For many years, riser reactors with co-current gas-solid flow have been widely used in chemical, energy, and refining industries. However, with the deepening of related research, the inherent defects of this reactor, which rapidly mixes gas and solid phases, have become increasingly prominent. These defects include uneven distribution of solid particles along the reactor cross-section, leading to a "ring-core structure" with concentrated particles at the edges and a sparse particle center; severe axial backmixing of particles; and long residence time. Against this backdrop, a downward-flowing bed reactor with co-current gas-solid flow has been proposed. Compared with riser reactors with co-current gas-solid flow and an anti-gravity field, downward-flowing bed reactors with gravity field have many advantages: more uniform radial particle distribution, lower degree of axial backmixing of gas and solid, less tendency for excessive particle agglomeration, and shorter residence time. These characteristics can effectively meet the stringent requirements of rapid reactions for "precise control of reaction time" and "uniform gas-solid contact." Therefore, researchers have proposed its application in fields such as heavy oil catalytic cracking, rapid pyrolysis of pulverized coal and biomass, and methanol-to-olefins.

[0046] The related technology discloses an inlet distributor, which includes a housing; a solid inlet is provided at the upper end of the housing, and a mixture outlet is provided at the lower end of the housing; the inner cavity of the housing is divided into an upper fluidization zone and a lower gas-solid mixing zone by a sealing plate arranged radially; a fluidizing air inlet is provided at the lower part of the fluidization zone, and a raw material oil and gas inlet is provided at the upper part of the gas-solid mixing zone; a plurality of Venturi-type overflow pipes are provided on the sealing plate for fluid communication between the fluidization zone and the gas-solid mixing zone; a first gas distribution plate with an upward opening is arranged radially between the outer wall of the upper end of the overflow pipe and the housing; the fluidizing air inlet is located below the first gas distribution plate.

[0047] The applicant found that although the aforementioned device could achieve stable operation under high particle flow rates, the distributor had limited impact on the downstream region. After particles entered the downflow bed and were accelerated by the main airflow, they inevitably formed the two non-uniform distribution patterns mentioned above within the downstream bed layer, failing to achieve the ideal "plug flow" distribution. Instead, it exhibited two typical non-uniform patterns: low particle concentration in the center of the bed with an annular dense phase region near the wall; or high particle concentration in the center of the bed with an annular dilute phase region near the wall. This flow defect directly led to reduced gas-solid contact efficiency and decreased reaction efficiency, which in turn exacerbated side reactions and deteriorated product distribution.

[0048] In view of this, the applicant has designed a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor. The following describes in detail the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor provided in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor, which includes a housing 10, multiple flooding pipes 20, and multiple main air duct groups. The housing 10 has a particle distribution chamber 11, a pre-air chamber 12, a main air chamber 13, and a gas-solid contact chamber 14 distributed from top to bottom. The pre-air chamber 12 is connected to the particle distribution chamber 11. The housing 10 is also provided with a solid particle inlet 15 and a gas-solid outlet 16. The solid particle inlet 15 is connected to the particle distribution chamber 11, and the gas-solid outlet 16 is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber 14. Multiple flooding pipes 20 are distributed from top to bottom. The flow pipes 20 are arranged in an array inside the shell 10. The two ends of the flow pipes 20 are connected to the particle distribution cavity 11 and the gas-solid contact cavity 14, respectively. Multiple main air duct groups are distributed radially and spaced apart along the shell 10. Each main air duct group includes multiple branch pipes 30. The multiple branch pipes 30 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shell 10. One end of each branch pipe 30 is connected to the main air cavity 13, and the other end extends into the gas-solid contact cavity 14. The branch pipes 30 in each main air duct group have the same length. The length of the branch pipes 30 in different main air duct groups gradually increases along the direction towards the edge of the shell 10.

[0050] The housing 10 contains, from top to bottom, spaced out, a particle distribution chamber 11, a pre-air chamber 12, a main air chamber 13, and a gas-solid contact chamber 14. All four chambers are cylindrical and coaxial. The pre-air chamber 12 is connected to the particle distribution chamber 11 and is used to supply gas into it. A solid particle inlet 15 is connected to the particle distribution chamber 11 and is used to supply particles into it. A gas-solid outlet 16 is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber 14 and is used to discharge the gas-solid mixture from it. Multiple flooding pipes 20 are evenly arranged in a circumferential array within the housing 10, extending vertically. Both ends of each flooding pipe are connected to the particle distribution chamber 11 and the gas-solid contact chamber 14, respectively, thereby transporting particles from the particle distribution chamber 11 to the gas-solid contact chamber 14. Multiple branch pipes 30 within the main duct assembly are evenly arranged in a complete circle around the axis of the housing 10, while multiple main duct assemblies are radially spaced along the housing 10, so that multiple branch pipes 30 are arranged in multiple concentric circles of different diameters around the axis of the housing 10. The branch pipes 30 within the same main duct assembly have the same length, and the length of the branch pipes 30 in different main duct assemblies is shorter the closer they are to the axis of the housing 10.

[0051] In practical use, the solid particle inlet 15 delivers particles into the particle distribution chamber 11, while the pre-air chamber 12 delivers gas into the particle distribution chamber 11 to help regulate the fluidization state of the particles. Then, the airflow mixed with the particles enters the gas-solid contact chamber 14 through the flooding pipe 20. Multiple flooding pipes 20 can pre-disperse the particles. The main air chamber 13 delivers gas into the gas-solid contact chamber 14 through branch pipes 30, allowing the gas and particles to mix within the gas-solid contact chamber 14. Because the branch pipes 30 have varying lengths—longer ones near the edge of the gas-solid contact chamber 14 and shorter ones near the center—the main airflow is delivered to different locations within the gas-solid contact chamber 14, thus altering the solid particle volume fraction near the outlet of the branch pipes 30 and disrupting localized uneven particle distribution.

[0052] This application utilizes branch pipes 30 of varying lengths in conjunction with multiple cavity sections to achieve precise and appropriate air distribution within the gas-solid contact cavity 14. Simultaneously, it combines this with uniformly arranged flooding pipes 20 for particle pre-dispersion. This, along with the directional airflow distribution from the pre-air cavity 12 and the main air cavity 13, directly delivers the main air to different locations within the gas-solid contact cavity 14. This alters the solid particle volume fraction at the outlet of the branch pipes 30, thereby achieving radially uniform particle distribution and efficient gas-solid contact within the gas-solid co-flow downward-flowing bed distributor.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 2As shown, multiple flooding tubes 20 are arranged in a circumferential array. Specifically, the multiple flooding tubes 20 include a first flooding tube and multiple flooding tube groups. The first flooding tube is located in the middle of the shell 10, and its axis coincides with the axis of the shell 10. The multiple flooding tube groups are evenly spaced along the radial direction of the shell 10. The flooding tube groups include multiple second flooding tubes, which are evenly spaced along the axis of the shell 10. This design ensures that the flooding tubes 20 are evenly distributed within the shell 10, guaranteeing the pre-dispersion effect of the particles.

[0054] Understandably, the first and second flooding pipes are identical in shape and size.

[0055] In some embodiments, the number of main duct groups ranges from 1 to 10.

[0056] The number of main duct groups can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., and there is no restriction in this application.

[0057] The main air ducts are arranged sequentially from the middle of the shell 10 to the edge of the shell 10, with a number between 1 and 10. This arrangement can achieve full cross-sectional coverage of the gas-solid contact cavity 14.

[0058] Furthermore, the preferred number of main air duct groups is 3-5.

[0059] In some embodiments, the number of branch pipes 30 within the main duct group ranges from 1 to 500.

[0060] In some embodiments, the diameter of the branch pipes 30 in different main duct groups gradually increases along the direction toward the edge of the housing 10, so that the outlet air velocity of the branch pipes 30 in multiple main duct groups is the same.

[0061] Because the branch pipes 30 closer to the edge of the casing 10 are longer, the outlet gas velocity of the gas transported through each branch pipe 30 is different, and different outlet gas velocities will affect the particle distribution. Therefore, the diameter of the branch pipes 30 in different main air duct groups in this application is different. Specifically, the diameter of the branch pipes 30 gradually increases from the middle of the casing 10 to the edge of the casing 10, that is, the longer the branch pipe 30, the larger its diameter. The diameter of the branch pipe 30 increases by 0.5 mm to 100 mm as its length increases, thereby balancing the airflow resistance of branch pipes 30 of different lengths and ensuring that the outlet gas velocity of each main air branch pipe 30 is consistent.

[0062] In some embodiments, the outlet gas velocity of the branch pipe 30 ranges from 0.1 m / s to 80 m / s.

[0063] The outlet gas velocity of branch pipe 30 can be 0.1m / s, 1m / s, 10m / s, 20m / s, 30m / s, 40m / s, 50m / s, 60m / s, 70m / s, 80m / s, etc., and is not limited in this application.

[0064] Specifically, since the average particle size of the catalyst particles is between 50 μm and 100 μm, the outlet gas velocity of branch pipe 30 is set to range from 0.1 m / s to 80 m / s to match this. This configuration allows for better delivery of the catalyst particles.

[0065] Furthermore, the outlet gas velocity range of branch pipe 30 is preferably 1m / s-50m / s.

[0066] In some embodiments, the diameter of the branch pipe 30 ranges from 5mm to 500mm, the length of the branch pipe 30 ranges from 10mm to 10000mm, and the length difference of the branch pipe 30 in two adjacent main air duct groups is 5mm to 5000mm.

[0067] The diameter of the branch pipe 30 can be 5mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 350mm, 400mm, 450mm, 500mm, etc., and is not limited in this application.

[0068] The length of the branch pipe 30 can be 10mm, 100mm, 1000mm, 5000mm, 100000mm, etc., and is not limited in this application.

[0069] The branch pipes 30 in the outermost main duct group have a length ranging from 100mm to 10000mm. The length difference between two adjacent branch pipes 30 in the main duct group is 5mm to 5000mm. Preferably, the length difference between two adjacent branch pipes 30 in the main duct group is 10mm to 1000mm. This arrangement allows the lower ends of the branch pipes 30 to be staggered in the vertical direction, which can directly deliver the main air to different positions within the gas-solid contact chamber 14. By changing the volume fraction of solid particles near the outlet of the branch pipe 30, the catalyst particles falling from top to bottom can flow in a "push flow," thereby improving the reaction efficiency.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the solid particle inlet 15 is located at the top of the housing 10; the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor also includes a particle guide plate 40, which is disposed in the particle distribution cavity 11 and located below the solid particle inlet 15. The particle guide plate 40 is conical and has multiple diversion holes 41, which are arranged in an array.

[0071] Since the cross-sectional area of ​​the solid particle inlet 15 is generally smaller than that of the particle distribution cavity 11, insufficient pre-dispersion of particles occurs when solid particles are conveyed into the particle distribution cavity 11 through the solid particle inlet 15, resulting in local concentrations that are too high or too low. Therefore, in this application, the solid particle inlet 15 is located in the middle region of the top of the shell 10, directly opposite the flooding pipe 20. The particle guide plate 40 is installed inside the shell 10 and located inside the particle distribution cavity 11, between the solid particle inlet 15 and the flooding pipe 20, and the particle guide plate 40 is conical. In other words, the particle guide plate 40 has a conical shell structure 10, which gradually expands from top to bottom and is open at the bottom. The particle guide plate 40 has multiple diversion holes 41 arranged in a circumferential array, meaning the multiple diversion holes 41 are distributed in multiple concentric circles around the center of the particle guide plate 40. Each concentric circle contains multiple diversion holes 41 evenly distributed, and the diameter of the diversion holes 41 is larger than the particle diameter. With this design, after solid particles enter the particle distribution cavity 11 from the solid particle inlet 15, some solid particles fall onto the particle guide plate 40. Under the action of gravity, the particles move along the surface of the particle guide plate 40 and fall towards the edge area of ​​the particle distribution cavity 11, while some particles directly pass through the diversion holes 41. This disperses the particles in the central area to the edge, preventing particles from accumulating in the center of the cavity and ensuring that the particles are evenly distributed within the particle distribution cavity 11. In conjunction with the gas supplied from the pre-air chamber 12 to the particle distribution chamber 11, the particles can be evenly dispersed to the upper inlet of each flooding pipe 20, making the feeding more uniform and stable.

[0072] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the angle between the generatrix of the particle guide plate 40 and the horizontal direction is α, where α satisfies: 15°≤α≤60°.

[0073] α can be 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, etc., and is not limited in this application.

[0074] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, α satisfies 30°≤α≤45°.

[0075] The particle guide plate 40 disperses particles from the central area to the edge by gravity, preventing particles from accumulating at the top inlet of the distributor. The inclination angle of the cone wall of the particle guide plate 40 is designed to be 15°-60°, which optimizes the path of particles sliding down the cone wall and enables them to be evenly distributed into the particle distribution cavity 11.

[0076] In some embodiments, the axis of the diversion hole 41 is perpendicular to the generatrix of the particle guide plate 40 or parallel to the axis of the housing 10, and the opening ratio of the particle guide plate 40 ranges from 0.1% to 20%.

[0077] The specific form of the diversion hole 41 is not limited. It can be that the axis of the diversion hole 41 is perpendicular to the generatrix of the particle guide plate 40. Alternatively, the diversion hole 41 can extend vertically, making its axis parallel to the axis of the housing 10. The opening ratio of the particle guide plate 40 ranges from 0.1% to 20%. This means the opening ratio is the ratio of the total area of ​​the diversion hole 41 to the total area of ​​the particle guide plate 40, i.e., the ratio ranges from 0.1% to 20%. With this design, the opening ratio can be adjusted according to actual conditions, thereby controlling the particle dispersion effect.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the projections of the plurality of flooding pipes 20 in the vertical direction are all located within the projection of the particle guide plate 40 in the vertical direction.

[0079] The vertical projections of the multiple flooding pipes 20 are all located within the vertical projection of the particle guide plate 40, so that the particle guide plate 40 can block the multiple flooding pipes 20 in the vertical direction. The particles entering the particle distribution cavity 11 are all guided by the particle guide plate 40 and then enter the flooding pipes 20, achieving the effect of uniform particle dispersion.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor further includes a pre-distribution plate 50, a partition plate 60, and a main distribution plate 70. The pre-distribution plate 50, the partition plate 60, and the main distribution plate 70 are spaced apart from top to bottom within the housing 10 to divide the housing 10 into a particle distribution chamber 11, a pre-air chamber 12, a main air chamber 13, and a gas-solid contact chamber 14. The flooding pipe 20 passes through the pre-distribution plate 50, the partition plate 60, and the main distribution plate 70.

[0081] The housing 10 is cylindrical in shape and contains a cavity that extends vertically. The pre-distribution plate 50, partition plate 60, and main distribution plate 70 are all circular with diameters adapted to the cavity. These plates are installed vertically from top to bottom within the cavity, sealing their circumferences to the cavity sidewalls, thus dividing the cavity into a particle distribution chamber 11, a pre-air chamber 12, a main air chamber 13, and a gas-solid contact chamber 14. Multiple sealed chambers can be created simply by using the pre-distribution plate 50, partition plate 60, and main distribution plate 70; the structure is simple and cost-effective.

[0082] The flooding pipes 20 are vertically arranged. The pre-distribution plate 50 has multiple first mounting holes, each corresponding to one of the flooding pipes 20. The partition plate 60 has multiple second mounting holes, each corresponding to one of the flooding pipes 20. The main distribution plate 70 has multiple third through holes 72, each corresponding to one of the flooding pipes 20. The first and second mounting holes have the same diameter. The diameters of the first and second mounting holes are adapted to the outer diameter of the flooding pipes 20. The flooding pipes 20 are inserted from top to bottom into the first, second, and third through holes 72, forming a sealed connection. The upper end of the flooding pipe 20 protrudes from the pre-distribution plate 50, allowing its upper portion to extend into the particle distribution chamber 11. The lower end of the flooding pipe 20 protrudes from the main distribution plate 70, allowing its lower portion to extend into the main air chamber 13. With this design, solid particles in the particle separation chamber can be directly transported to the gas-solid contact chamber 14, preventing them from flowing into other chambers.

[0083] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the housing 10 further includes a pre-distribution air inlet 17 and a main air inlet 18. The pre-distribution air inlet 17 is connected to the pre-air chamber 12 to deliver gas into the pre-air chamber 12. The main air inlet 18 is connected to the main air chamber 13 to deliver gas into the main air chamber 13.

[0084] In some embodiments, the pre-distribution air inlet 17 corresponds to the bottom region of the pre-air cavity 12. The main air inlet 18 corresponds to the bottom region of the main air cavity 13. This design enables temporary storage and distribution of airflow within the pre-air cavity 12 and the main air cavity 13.

[0085] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the pre-distribution plate 50 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 51 arranged in an array, and the first through holes 51 connect the particle distribution cavity 11 and the pre-air cavity 12.

[0086] Multiple first through holes 51 are arranged in a circumferential array. Specifically, the pre-distribution plate 50 is provided with multiple first through hole groups. The multiple first through hole groups are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the shell 10. Each first through hole group includes several first through holes 51. The several first through holes 51 are evenly distributed at intervals along the circumference of the shell 10, so that the multiple first through holes 51 are arranged in the form of multiple concentric circles with different diameters, so as to achieve the purpose of uniformly delivering air into the particle distribution cavity 11.

[0087] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the main distribution plate 70 is arranged in an array with a plurality of second through holes 71 and a plurality of third through holes 72. The plurality of second through holes 71 correspond to a plurality of branch pipes 30, one end of the branch pipe 30 is connected to the second through hole 71, and the plurality of third through holes 72 correspond to a plurality of flooding pipes 20. The flooding pipes 20 are inserted into the third through holes 72, and the diameter of the third through hole 72 is larger than the outer diameter of the flooding pipe 20.

[0088] The number of second through holes 71 is the same as the number of branch pipes 30. The upper end of each branch pipe 30 is connected to the corresponding second through hole 71, and the lower end of the branch pipe 30 extends into the gas-solid contact cavity 14. The number of third through holes 72 is the same as the number of flooding pipes 20. The body of each flooding pipe 20 passes through the third through hole 72, allowing the flooding pipe 20 to extend into the gas-solid contact cavity 14. Furthermore, the diameter of the third through hole 72 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the flooding pipe 20, resulting in a gap between the side wall of the third through hole 72 and the flooding pipe 20. This gap is annular, allowing some of the gas in the main air chamber 13 to enter the gas-solid contact cavity 14 through this gap, thereby assisting in adjusting the fluidization state of the solid particles.

[0089] The arrangement of the second through-hole 71 is consistent with that of the branch pipe 30, and the arrangement of the third through-hole 72 is consistent with that of the flooding pipe 20, both being arranged in a circular array. The positional relationship between the second through-hole 71 and the third through-hole 72 is not limited. It can be that multiple concentric circles of the second through-hole 71 and multiple concentric circles of the third through-hole 72 are nested, i.e., the second through-hole 71 is arranged on one concentric circle, and the third through-hole 72 is arranged on an adjacent concentric circle, so that the second through-hole 71 and the third through-hole 72, as well as the corresponding branch pipe 30 and flooding pipe 20, are arranged alternately along the radial direction of the shell 10. Alternatively, the third through-hole 72 can be arranged within the same concentric circle, with the second through-hole 71 and the third through-hole 72 arranged alternately within the same concentric circle. Correspondingly, the branch pipe 30 and the flooding pipe 20 are also arranged alternately within the same concentric circle.

[0090] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor also includes a partition plate 80, which is disposed in the main air chamber 13 to divide the main air chamber 13 into a first main air chamber 131 and a second main air chamber 132 arranged from top to bottom. The partition plate 80 is provided with a plurality of fourth through holes 81, which correspond to a plurality of second through holes 71. The branch pipe 30 passes through the first through hole 51 and one end of it is connected to the fourth through hole 81.

[0091] The partition plate 80 is circular and fits the housing 10. It is located within the main air chamber 13, and its circumference is sealed to the side wall of the main air chamber 13, thus dividing the main air chamber 13 into a first main air chamber 131 and a second main air chamber 132. The first main air chamber 131 and the second main air chamber 132 are arranged alternately from top to bottom. The partition plate 80 also extends into the main air inlet 18, dividing it into a first inlet 181 and a second inlet 182. The first inlet 181 connects to the first main air chamber 131, and the second inlet 182 connects to the second main air chamber 132. The partition plate 80 has multiple fourth through holes 81, which are arranged in the same way as the second through holes 71, meaning they correspond one-to-one in the vertical direction. The upper end of the branch pipe 30 is connected to the fourth through hole 81. The branch pipe 30 is threaded through the second through hole 71 and is sealed to the second through hole 71, so that the first main air chamber 131 is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber 14 through the branch pipe 30. The second main air chamber 132 is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber 14 through the gap. With this design, the single-chamber main air chamber 13 can be divided into two independent first main air chambers 131 and second main air chambers 132. The first main air chambers 131 and second main air chambers 132 are connected to the gas-solid contact chamber 14 through the branch pipe 30 and the gap, respectively. This allows the airflow channels corresponding to the branch pipe 30 and the gap to be independently separated, so that the first main air chambers 131 and second main air chambers 132 can supply airflow to the branch pipe 30 and the gap, respectively, realizing independent control of the airflow parameters of the branch pipe 30 and the gap in different areas.

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the gas-solid outlet 16 is located at the bottom of the housing 10, and the lower end of a portion of the branch pipe 30 extends to the gas-solid outlet 16. This ensures that the main airflow directly acts on the initial drop zone of the particles.

[0093] In one embodiment, there are three main duct groups, namely, the first main duct group, the second main duct group, and the third main duct group, from the inside out. The first main duct group includes four branch pipes 30, the second main duct group includes eight branch pipes 30, and the third main duct group includes sixteen branch pipes 30. The branch pipes 30 in the first main duct group are 150 mm long and 5 mm in diameter; the branch pipes 30 in the second main duct group are 350 mm long and 5.5 mm in diameter; and the branch pipes 30 in the third main duct group are 850 mm long and 6 mm in diameter. The lower ends of the branch pipes 30 in the third main duct group extend to the connection between the reaction tube and the gas-solid outlet 16. The outlet gas velocity of the branch pipes 30 is 20 m / s, and the apparent gas velocity of the solid particle flow in the reaction tube is 5 m / s. The particle guide plate 40 is a conical structure with its apex pointing upwards. The generatrix of the particle guide plate 40 forms an angle α = 40° with the horizontal direction. A diversion hole 41 is formed on the wall of the particle guide plate 40. The diameter of the diversion hole 41 is 5 mm, and the opening ratio is 8%. The axis of the diversion hole 41 is perpendicular to the generatrix of the particle guide plate 40. After entering through the solid particle inlet 15, the particles achieve double pre-dispersion and uniformly enter the inlets of each flooding pipe 20. There are thirteen flooding pipes 20. One is located in the central region inside the shell 10, with its axis coinciding with the axis of the shell 10. The other four are arranged on the concentric circle of the first main air duct group, alternating with the branch pipes 30 within the first main air duct group. The remaining eight are arranged on the concentric circle of the second main air duct group, alternating with the branch pipes 30 within the second main air duct group.

[0094] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a gas-solid mixing reactor, which includes a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and a reaction tube, wherein the reaction tube is connected to a gas-solid outlet 16.

[0095] Since the gas-solid mixing reactor includes the aforementioned gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor, it naturally possesses all the beneficial effects of the gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor, which will not be elaborated here.

[0096] This application utilizes the conical flow guiding structure of the particle guide plate and the dual pre-dispersion setting of the flow diversion hole to achieve preliminary uniform dispersion of solid particles after they enter the gas-solid contact chamber through the particle distribution chamber, effectively preventing particles from accumulating in the central area, while achieving stable and continuous feeding.

[0097] In this application, the branch pipes are arranged in concentric circles along the central axis of the shell. By setting the length and pipe diameter to increase radially from the inside to the outside, the main air can be directly delivered to different positions in the gas-solid contact cavity, changing the volume fraction of solid particles at the outlet of the branch pipe. This specifically breaks the "ring-core structure" that is easily formed during the particle falling process, and finally forms a gas-solid two-phase flow with small radial concentration deviation and uniform distribution in the reaction tube, which greatly improves the gas-solid contact area and contact efficiency.

[0098] After the main air and solid particles are fully mixed, the flow pattern in the reaction tube can be rapidly transformed into a "plug flow". The gas and solid phases are efficiently mixed in the initial stage of contact, and then quickly transition to a stable "plug flow" to suppress particle backmixing, ensure short and consistent material residence time, and thus optimize product distribution.

[0099] This application separates the main air distribution channel corresponding to the branch pipe and the auxiliary fluidization channel corresponding to the gap into independent designs, allowing for flexible adjustment of the ratio of the two types of main air volumes according to different raw material properties and reaction conditions. This significantly improves the unit's adaptability to complex process conditions.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of this application will readily conceive of by those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and alterations may be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor, characterized in that, include: The housing (10) has a particle distribution chamber (11), a pre-air chamber (12), a main air chamber (13) and a gas-solid contact chamber (14) distributed from top to bottom. The pre-air chamber (12) is connected to the particle distribution chamber (11). The housing (10) is also provided with a solid particle inlet (15) and a gas-solid outlet (16). The solid particle inlet (15) is connected to the particle distribution chamber (11), and the gas-solid outlet (16) is connected to the gas-solid contact chamber (14). Multiple flooding tubes (20) are arranged in an array inside the housing (10), and the two ends of the flooding tubes (20) are respectively connected to the particle distribution cavity (11) and the gas-solid contact cavity (14); Multiple main air duct groups are radially spaced along the housing (10). Each main air duct group includes multiple branch pipes (30). The multiple branch pipes (30) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the housing (10). One end of each branch pipe (30) is connected to the main air cavity (13), and the other end extends into the gas-solid contact cavity (14). The branch pipes (30) in each main air duct group have the same length. The length of the branch pipes (30) in different main air duct groups gradually increases along the direction toward the edge of the housing (10).

2. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the branch pipes (30) in different main duct assemblies gradually increases along the direction towards the edge of the housing (10) so that the outlet air velocity of the branch pipes (30) in multiple main duct assemblies is the same; and / or The outlet gas velocity range of the branch pipe (30) is 0.1m / s-80m / s.

3. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the branch pipe (30) ranges from 5mm to 500mm, the length of the branch pipe (30) ranges from 10mm to 10000mm, and the length difference of the branch pipe (30) in two adjacent main air duct groups is 5mm to 5000mm.

4. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid particle inlet (15) is located at the top of the shell (10); It also includes a particle guide plate (40), which is disposed in the particle distribution cavity (11) and located below the solid particle inlet (15). The particle guide plate (40) is conical and has multiple diversion holes (41) arranged in an array.

5. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the generatrix of the particle guide plate (40) and the horizontal direction is α, where α satisfies: 15°≤α≤60°; and / or The axis of the diversion hole (41) is perpendicular to the generatrix of the particle guide plate (40) or parallel to the axis of the housing (10), and the porosity of the particle guide plate (40) ranges from 0.1% to 20%; and / or The vertical projections of the multiple flooding pipes (20) are all located within the vertical projection of the particle guide plate (40).

6. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pre-distribution plate (50), a partition plate (60), and a main distribution plate (70). The pre-distribution plate (50), the partition plate (60), and the main distribution plate (70) are spaced apart from top to bottom inside the housing (10) to divide the housing (10) into the particle distribution chamber (11), the pre-air chamber (12), the main air chamber (13), and the gas-solid contact chamber (14). The flooding pipe (20) passes through the pre-distribution plate (50), the partition plate (60), and the main distribution plate (70).

7. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pre-distribution plate (50) is arranged in an array with a plurality of first through holes (51), which connect the particle distribution cavity (11) and the pre-air cavity (12).

8. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main distribution plate (70) is arranged in an array with a plurality of second through holes (71) and a plurality of third through holes (72). The plurality of second through holes (71) correspond to a plurality of branch pipes (30), one end of the branch pipe (30) is connected to the second through hole (71), and the plurality of third through holes (72) correspond to a plurality of flooding pipes (20). The flooding pipes (20) are inserted into the third through holes (72), and the diameter of the third through hole (72) is larger than the outer diameter of the flooding pipe (20).

9. The gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a partition plate (80), which is disposed in the main air cavity (13) to divide the main air cavity (13) into a first main air cavity (131) and a second main air cavity (132) arranged from top to bottom. The partition plate (80) is provided with a plurality of fourth through holes (81), which correspond to a plurality of second through holes (71). The branch pipe (30) passes through the first through hole (51) and one end of it is connected to the fourth through hole (81).

10. A gas-solid mixing reactor, characterized in that, The gas-solid mixing reactor includes a gas-solid co-flow downflow bed distributor and a reaction tube as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the reaction tube is connected to the gas-solid outlet (16).

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