Controllable texture lacquer changing coating process and its application on gourd products

Abstract

This invention discloses a controllable textured lacquer coating process and its application in gourd products. Addressing the problems of traditional processes such as reliance on experience, random textures, poor product consistency, and easy paint peeling and cracking in gourds, this invention constructs a standardized system integrating lacquer viscosity grading, drying rate grading, and layered sequential application. By matching natural lacquer with different viscosities and curing rates, combined with sequential layered application and constant temperature and humidity curing, the directional generation and stable replication of textures such as cloud patterns, water ripples, and stone patterns are achieved. This invention breaks through the barriers of experience-based technology, quantifies and traces process parameters, ensures consistent and replicable results, significantly improves the pass rate and appearance uniformity of lacquered gourds, and possesses outstanding novelty and industrialization value.

Description

[0001] manual Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the fields of traditional lacquer decoration techniques and fine processing technology of cultural and creative lacquerware, specifically to a lacquer coating process with precise parameter quantification, controllable and shaped texture, and stable batch replication, and its exclusive industrial application in natural gourd cultural and creative craft products. Background Technology

[0003] Daqi Bian Tu, also known as Zhangxiu or Xipiqi, is a classic high-end lacquer technique that has been passed down in my country for thousands of years. It relies on the stacking of multiple layers of different colored lacquer, natural flow, surface wrinkling, and fine polishing to form a unique artistic texture. It has the advantages of warm and transparent colors, rich and three-dimensional layers, and high-end lacquer texture. It is widely used in high-end lacquerware, cultural and creative ornaments, craft gourds and other cultural and handicraft products.

[0004] Currently available patent literature and traditional manufacturing processes have significant inherent technical shortcomings, which are also the core innovative breakthrough directions of this invention: 1) The overall process is highly experience-based and lacks unified quantitative standards: Traditional coating has no fixed paint viscosity ratio, no standardized drying time, and no standardized application sequence. The production effect depends entirely on the craftsman's personal feel and professional experience. The texture generation is random, disordered, and unpredictable, making it impossible to replicate the same finished product. 2) The quality of finished products is inconsistent, and large-scale mass production cannot be achieved: Even when made by the same craftsman and using the same batch of raw materials and accessories, the texture, color, and paint blending effects of the finished products vary greatly, resulting in a high scrap rate. This makes it impossible to meet the market demand for standardized production and batch replication of customized orders for cultural and creative products. 3) Lack of active texture control technology: All existing related processes and published patents rely on the natural flow of paint to randomly form textures. No technical solutions have been developed to regulate the physical properties of paint, apply the paint in stages and layers, and intervene in the texture formation in a targeted manner. As a result, the fundamental problem of uncontrollable texture in the industry has not been solved. 4) Lack of suitable technology for natural gourd body: The gourd material has a loose structure, easily absorbs paint, and is prone to drying and cracking in dry environments. Traditional direct coating process is very prone to quality problems such as uneven paint adhesion, texture collapse and breakage, and paint cracking and peeling, which greatly reduces the service life and appearance quality of gourd lacquerware.

[0005] In summary, existing traditional lacquer coating techniques are purely experience-based and random artistic processes, lacking a systematic, quantifiable, and controllable mature technical solution. The industry has long been constrained by technical bottlenecks such as the inability to replicate textures, low yield rates, and difficulties in industrialization. Based on this situation, this invention develops a novel, controllable, and quantifiable lacquer coating process, whose technical logic, process system, and parameter standards are completely differentiated from all existing traditional processes and published patents. Summary of the Invention

[0006] 3.1 Purpose of the Invention Overcoming the multiple shortcomings of existing lacquer coating techniques, such as random and chaotic textures, unreplicable finished products, lack of precise quantitative parameters, inability to achieve large-scale mass production, and easy damage to the gourd-shaped base paint surface, this paper provides a new lacquer coating process with controllable parameters, controllable construction sequence, controllable texture shaping, and stable batch replication. It enables standardized and customized preparation of multiple classic artistic textures, specifically adapts to the characteristics of natural gourd base materials, and comprehensively improves paint adhesion, paint surface stability, and overall quality of the finished product.

[0007] 3.2 Core Innovation Principles This invention abandons the old-fashioned mode of natural random texture formation and creates a unique system that relies on the three core physical parameters of paint viscosity gradient difference, drying rate gradient difference, and layering time application difference to coordinate and control the flow speed, color blending range, and paint surface spreading shape of different colored paints. It actively intervenes in the entire process of texture formation, transforming the traditional uncontrollable random artistic textures into controllable and fixed textures with fixed parameters, uniform effects, design adjustability, and stable industrial production.

[0008] 3.3 Specific process steps Step 1: Refined Pre-treatment of Gourd-shaped Body Select fully mature and naturally dried high-quality natural gourds, thoroughly remove surface wax, dust, impurities, and wood burrs; perform multiple fine water sanding levels, strictly control the surface roughness Ra1.6~3.2μm, and improve the uniformity of paint adhesion from the source; evenly apply 1~2 layers of refined raw lacquer sealing primer to densely fill the loose pores of the gourd wood, isolate it from external air and moisture erosion, and avoid later paint cracking and delamination problems; after natural air drying at room temperature, perform light water sanding for fine leveling to create a highly dense, highly stable, and highly adaptable special construction base.

[0009] Step Two: Precise Formulation of Three-Tier Differentiated Paints Using natural raw lacquer and cooked lacquer as base materials, combined with pure natural plant thinners and environmentally friendly natural coloring powders, three types of special colored paints with completely distinct physical properties are precisely formulated: High viscosity slow-drying coating: viscosity 2000~3000mPa•s, surface drying time 12~24h, thick and dense coating film with weak fluidity, serving as a stable base layer for texture formation; Medium viscosity medium dry coat: viscosity 1000~2000mPa•s, surface drying time 6~12h, moderate flow properties, plays the role of building the main outline of the textured middle layer; Low viscosity, fast-drying coating: viscosity 500~1000mPa•s, surface drying time 2~6h, excellent flow and spreading performance, quickly completes color blending and blurring, and refines and enriches the texture and layer structure.

[0010] By precisely proportioning and adjusting the formula, a stable and clear physical property gradient is formed among the three types of paint, laying a solid core physical foundation for directional and controllable texturing.

[0011] Step 3: Layered, sequential, and directional coating for precise texture control 1. Apply a high-viscosity, slow-drying base coat evenly over the entire surface and allow it to stand for 12-24 hours until it is no longer sticky to the touch and is partially cured internally; 2. Apply medium-viscosity paint using a point-to-point and localized directional spraying method, relying on the adsorption characteristics of the underlying stable paint film to define clear and regular texture boundaries; 3. Let stand for 6~12 hours until the intermediate coat enters a semi-cured state. Then, apply the low-viscosity color paint by directional brushing or full-area spraying. Utilize the inherent differences in the flow rates of the three types of paint to actively guide the color blending and layering, accurately shaping the preset exclusive texture and completely eliminating disordered and random patterns.

[0012] Step 4: Curing and shaping in a precise constant temperature and humidity environment After construction is completed, the workpiece is moved into a professional sealed shade chamber, where the ambient temperature is kept constant at 25±2℃ and the relative humidity at 70±5%. The workpiece is then continuously dried in the shade for 7~15 days to ensure that the multi-layer paint is cured in a synchronous gradient, and the internal structure of the texture is completely set, thus preventing problems such as shrinkage and deformation, paint cracking, and texture changes in the later stages of the finished product.

[0013] Step 5: Gradual and meticulous water polishing and finishing of the finished product The paint is sanded sequentially using special sandpaper of 400#, 800#, 1200#, and 2000#, from coarse to fine, to fully preserve the natural layered texture of the paint and remove surface paint and minor raised imperfections. Then, traditional high-end polishing techniques are used for fine polishing and maintenance, ultimately resulting in a controllable and finalized lacquer coating with a clear and bright finish, clear texture, and highly uniform appearance. Specific Implementation

[0014] Example 1: A lacquer gourd with controllable textures in pink, blue, green, and cloud-like patterns Target texture: Soft, misty gradients, natural color blending, and smooth, seamless edges. 1. Substrate treatment: Complete a full set of standardized and refined pretreatment for natural gourds; 2. Exclusive paint matching: The base layer uses high-viscosity pink paint, the middle layer uses medium-viscosity blue paint, and the top layer uses low-viscosity cyan-green paint; 3. Fixed construction sequence: base coat settling for 14 hours → intermediate coat applied at fixed points to build texture base → settling for 8 hours → top coat applied over the entire area to achieve cloud-like diffusion; 4. After curing and polishing, the product produces gourds with consistent shape and uniform texture, which can be accurately replicated 1:1, and have obvious technical and appearance differences from traditional random texture products.

[0015] Example 2: Blue-green water ripple textured lacquer gourd Target texture: Smooth, streamlined water ripples, layered and orderly extension, and regular and uniform texture direction. 1. Exclusive paint matching: medium viscosity royal blue paint for the base layer, medium viscosity lake green paint for the middle layer, and low viscosity milky white transparent paint for the top layer; 2. Customized construction method: The intermediate coat is applied horizontally in a directional manner to form the basic texture, and the top coat is applied in a directional manner to guide the orderly extension of the water ripple pattern; 3. After fixing the complete set of process parameters, the same standard water ripple finished product can be mass-produced, with highly uniform and stable texture direction, layering height, and color blending.

[0016] Example 3: Blue-based, gold-painted abstract layered textured lacquer gourd Target texture: Deep blue base, neat and directional gold lines, distinct three-dimensional layering, and exquisite and controllable pattern. 1. Exclusive paint matching: high viscosity deep blue base coat, low viscosity transparent transition coat, and medium viscosity gold powder decorative paint; 2. Core Customization Process: The base coat is semi-dry, and the basic texture is set by the transparent varnish. The texture lines are then precisely gilded according to a strict time sequence. 3. Precisely solves the common problems of traditional gold-painted lacquer, such as smearing, messy patterns, and uncontrolled line thickness, and achieves full control over the position, thickness, and distribution of abstract texture lines. Beneficial effects

[0017] 1. Extremely high level of technological innovation: It is the first to create a complete and quantitative process system integrating viscosity grading, drying rate grading, and precise time-series texturing control of lacquer coating. It subverts the traditional random texturing production mode that has been around for thousands of years and is a completely new and independent technical solution with outstanding novelty and creativity. 2. Full-dimensional controllable and precise texture replication: By fixing the complete set of process parameters, the same standard texture products can be produced in unlimited batches, completely solving the core pain points of the industry's long-standing difficulty in mass production and replication; 3. Significantly improved overall stability of finished products: The exclusive gourd-shaped pretreatment combined with a gradient constant temperature curing process significantly reduces quality problems such as paint cracking, peeling, and defects, extending the service life of finished products; 4. Significant value for industrialization: The entire process is standardized, the parameters are clear and easy to teach, and the production process is standardized, completely eliminating the reliance on the experience of senior craftsmen and making it suitable for large-scale, order-based, and customized high-efficiency production of cultural and creative handicrafts. Brief description of the attached figures Figure 1 This invention demonstrates a complete, sequential, quantitative, and standardized processing flow, clearly distinguishing it from traditional, disordered, experience-based processes. Figure 2The invention visually presents the predetermined viscosity ranges and standard surface drying time gradients of high, medium, and low viscosity paints, which serves as the core physical basis for the directional texture control of this invention. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 Each corresponds to a different layering principle for the controllable texture formation of finished products, clearly demonstrating the core innovative features of this invention: active intervention, directional shaping, and precise texture control, with no overlap with existing publicly available technologies.

Claims

1. A controllable textured lacquer coating process and its application in gourd products, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Body pretreatment: The natural gourd body is dewaxed, degreased, and finely water-polished. After polishing, the surface roughness is controlled to Ra1.6~3.2μm. 1~2 layers of raw lacquer sealing primer are applied. After pre-drying at room temperature, it is water-polished to level it, forming a dense, firm, and highly stable paint application base. 2) Graded and controllable paint formulation: Based on the preset target texture effect, three types of paint systems with different physical properties are formulated, namely high viscosity slow-drying paint, medium viscosity medium-drying paint, and low viscosity fast-drying paint; natural lacquer additives are used to adjust the viscosity range of the paint to 500~3000mPa•s, and the surface drying time of 2~24h is precisely controlled by the ratio of raw lacquer to cooked lacquer, so as to achieve precise graded control of paint fluidity and curing rate; 3) Layered sequential directional coating: High-viscosity slow-drying paint is used as the base coat and evenly applied to form the base coat; after the base coat reaches a semi-dry state where it is not sticky to the touch, medium-viscosity paint is applied sequentially to build the basic outline of the texture; after the middle coat enters a semi-cured state, low-viscosity paint is applied in a directional manner. Relying on the difference in viscosity and drying rate of different paint layers, the paint liquid is actively guided to flow and blend in a directional manner to accurately shape the preset texture. 4) Constant temperature and humidity curing: After coating, the workpiece is placed in a special shade room, and the ambient temperature is controlled at 25±2℃ and the relative humidity at 70±5%. The paint layer is continuously dried for 7~15 days to complete the curing of the paint layer, so as to achieve permanent and stable texture without deformation. 5) Post-processing and shaping: The paint is polished step by step with 400#~2000# sandpaper to fully preserve the texture and layer structure of the paint layer. Combined with professional fine polishing process, the finished lacquer coating product with regular texture, distinct layers, uniform appearance and repeatable and stable replication is obtained.

2. The controllable texture lacquer coating process according to claim 1 and its application in gourd products, characterized in that: The high-viscosity slow-drying paint has a viscosity of 2000~3000mPa•s and a surface drying time of 12~24h; the medium-viscosity medium-drying paint has a viscosity of 1000~2000mPa•s and a surface drying time of 6~12h; and the low-viscosity fast-drying paint has a viscosity of 500~1000mPa•s and a surface drying time of 2~6h.

3. The controllable texture lacquer coating process according to claim 1 and its application in gourd products, characterized in that: In step 3), after the base coat is applied, let it stand for 12-24 hours until it is semi-dry to the touch before applying the intermediate coat. After the intermediate coat is applied, let it stand for 6-12 hours until it is semi-cured before applying the top coat. The texture blending range, texture direction and overall shape are precisely controlled by the difference in application time.

4. The controllable texture lacquer coating process according to claim 1 and its application in gourd products, characterized in that: It can produce three types of standardized and controllable artistic textures in a directional and stable manner: cloud and fog blending texture, water ripple flowing texture, and gold-painted abstract layered texture. Each type of texture can be replicated with high precision by matching exclusive paint viscosity combinations, customizing application methods, and fixing static time parameters.

5. A controllable textured lacquer coating process and its application in gourd products, characterized in that, Made by the controllable texture lacquer coating process described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the base undergoes standardized pretreatment, layered sequential texture control coating, constant temperature gradient curing, and progressive fine polishing, and has the characteristics of controllable texture orientation, uniform three-dimensional layers, strong and durable paint surface, and highly uniform finished product that can be mass-produced.

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