Fully automatic downhole perforating device and method

Abstract

The application provides a full-automatic downhole perforating device and method, and belongs to the field of downhole perforating. The device comprises a control module, a ground winch and a perforating gun string. The perforating gun string comprises a perforating gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit. The control module generates a first movement instruction according to a preset perforating depth. The ground winch is used for controlling the movement of the perforating gun string in the downhole according to the first movement instruction, and acquiring an actual depth point of the perforating gun when the movement is completed. The magnetic signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring the magnetic signal of a downhole coupling during the movement in the downhole, and determining a standard depth point of the preset perforating depth in the downhole. The control module is used for judging whether the difference between the actual depth point of the perforating gun when the movement is completed and the standard depth point is within a preset error range. If yes, the control module generates a firing instruction, and sends the firing instruction to the perforating gun. The perforating gun executes a perforating firing operation according to the firing instruction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole perforation technology, and more specifically to a fully automatic downhole perforation device and a fully automatic downhole perforation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development and popularization of digital intelligence, the perforation technology field is also undergoing a major transformation. The well completion mode based on traditional perforation technology is increasingly unable to meet the high-efficiency and intelligent development requirements of digital oilfields, and is facing many risks such as low efficiency, high cost and great safety hazards.

[0003] Current perforation technology relies on manual depth calibration after magnetic positioning and tracking. The calibration value requires manual calculation and input, resulting in poor accuracy, low efficiency, and the risk of errors. Furthermore, existing technology typically requires manual control of the winch to stop and the perforation gun to ignite after the perforating gun reaches the designated layer. Winch stopping significantly impacts perforation efficiency, with each stop and ignition cycle accounting for a substantial portion of the total perforation time, thus hindering efficiency improvements. Additionally, winch stopping requires coordination between the operator and driver, making it technically challenging, and the possibility of unpredictable stopping errors increases labor intensity and safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address one of the aforementioned technical deficiencies, this invention provides a fully automatic downhole perforation device and method. The fully automatic downhole perforation device, through the interaction between a control module and a surface winch, achieves fully automatic control of the movement of the perforation gun string downhole. A magnetic signal acquisition unit collects the magnetic signal from the downhole coupling to determine the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole. The control module determines whether the actual depth point when the perforation gun completes its movement matches the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole, thus performing downhole depth calibration and ensuring the accuracy of automatic depth calibration. This invention achieves full automation and simplified operation of downhole perforation while guaranteeing perforation accuracy.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fully automatic downhole perforation device, comprising: a control module, a surface winch, and a perforation gun string, wherein the perforation gun string comprises: a perforation gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit, the control module being communicatively connected to the surface winch, the perforation gun, and the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and the surface winch being connected to the perforation gun string via a cable; The control module is used to generate a first movement command based on a preset perforation depth and send the first movement command to the ground winch; The ground winch is used to control the perforation gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, and to obtain the actual depth point when the perforation gun completes the movement. The magnetic signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during the downhole movement, and to determine the standard depth point in the well corresponding to the preset perforation depth based on the acquired magnetic signal of the downhole coupling. The control module is also used to receive the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and to determine whether the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within a preset error range; if it is confirmed that the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within the preset error range, an ignition command is generated and sent to the perforating gun; The perforating gun is used to perform perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command.

[0006] In this embodiment of the invention, the control module is further configured to generate a second movement command based on the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement, and send the second movement command to the ground winch when the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is not within a preset error range. The surface winch is also used to control the perforation gun string to continue moving downhole according to the second movement command.

[0007] In this embodiment of the invention, the control module includes: a first control unit and a second control unit; The first control unit is used to determine whether the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range. When it is determined that the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is not within the preset error range, a second movement command is generated based on the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement. The second control unit is used to generate an ignition command when it confirms that the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun has completed its movement is within a preset error range.

[0008] In this embodiment of the invention, the perforation gun string further includes: an attitude sensor; The attitude sensor is used to collect the attitude information of the perforating gun and send the collected attitude information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

[0009] In this embodiment of the invention, the attitude sensor is also used to collect the speed information of the perforating gun and send the collected speed information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

[0010] In this embodiment of the invention, the ground winch further includes: a third control unit; The third control unit adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun as it moves downhole based on the received attitude information of the perforating gun, and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the received speed information of the perforating gun.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a fully automated downhole perforation method, the method comprising: The control module generates a first movement command based on a preset depth and sends the first movement command to the ground winch. The perforating gun string is moved downhole by a surface winch according to the first movement command, and the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes the movement is obtained. The magnetic signal acquisition unit collects the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during the downhole movement, and determines the standard depth point in the well corresponding to the preset perforation depth based on the collected magnetic signal of the downhole coupling. The control module receives the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and determines whether the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within a preset error range. When the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range, the control module generates an ignition command and sends the ignition command to the perforating gun. The perforating gun performs the perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command.

[0012] In this embodiment of the invention, the method further includes: When it is determined that the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point is not within the preset error range, the control module generates a second movement command based on the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point, and sends the second movement command to the ground winch. The perforating gun string continues to move downhole under the control of the surface winch according to the second movement command.

[0013] In this embodiment of the invention, the method further includes: The attitude information of the perforating gun is acquired by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives attitude information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun as it moves downhole based on the attitude information.

[0014] In this embodiment of the invention, the method further includes: The speed information of the perforating gun is collected by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives the speed information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the speed information of the perforating gun.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising: Memory, which stores computer programs; A processor for executing the computer program to implement the fully automated downhole perforation method as described above.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the fully automated downhole perforation method as described above. The fully automatic downhole perforation device achieves fully automatic control of the movement of the perforating gun string downhole through the interaction between the control module and the surface winch. The magnetic signal acquisition unit collects the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling to determine the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole. The control module judges whether the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes the movement is consistent with the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole to achieve downhole depth calibration, thereby ensuring the accuracy of automatic depth calibration. This invention achieves full automation and simplifies operation of downhole perforation, while ensuring the accuracy of perforation.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed embodiments section. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fully automatic downhole perforation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the fully automated downhole perforation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] In the process of realizing this invention, the inventors discovered that with the continuous development and popularization of digital intelligence, the perforation technology field is also undergoing a major transformation. The well completion mode based on traditional perforation technology is increasingly unable to meet the high-efficiency and intelligent development requirements of digital oilfields, and faces many risks such as low efficiency, high cost, and great safety hazards.

[0024] Current perforation technology relies on manual depth calibration after magnetic positioning and tracking. The calibration value requires manual calculation and input, resulting in poor accuracy, low efficiency, and the risk of errors. Furthermore, existing technology typically requires manual control of the winch to stop and the perforation gun to ignite after the perforating gun reaches the designated layer. Winch stopping significantly impacts perforation efficiency, with each stop and ignition cycle accounting for a substantial portion of the total perforation time, thus hindering efficiency improvements. Additionally, winch stopping requires coordination between the operator and driver, making it technically challenging, and the possibility of unpredictable stopping errors increases labor intensity and safety risks.

[0025] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a fully automatic downhole perforation device, comprising: a control module, a surface winch, and a perforation gun string. The perforation gun string includes: a perforation gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit. The control module is communicatively connected to the surface winch, the perforation gun, and the magnetic signal acquisition unit. The surface winch is connected to the perforation gun string via a cable. The control module generates a first movement command based on a preset perforation depth and sends the first movement command to the surface winch. The surface winch controls the perforation gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, acquiring the actual depth point when the perforation gun completes its movement. The magnetic signal acquisition unit collects data during the downhole movement. The magnetic signal from the downhole coupling is used to determine the standard depth point corresponding to the preset perforation depth. The control module is also used to receive the actual depth point of the perforating gun when it completes movement from the surface winch and the standard depth point from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and to determine whether the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point is within a preset error range. If it is confirmed that the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point is within the preset error range, an ignition command is generated and sent to the perforating gun. The perforating gun is used to perform the perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command. The fully automatic downhole perforation device achieves fully automatic control of the movement of the perforating gun string downhole through the interaction between the control module and the surface winch. The magnetic signal acquisition unit collects the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling to determine the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole. The control module judges whether the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes the movement is consistent with the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth downhole to achieve downhole depth calibration, thereby ensuring the accuracy of automatic depth calibration. This invention achieves full automation and simplifies operation of downhole perforation, while ensuring the accuracy of perforation.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fully automatic downhole perforation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a fully automatic downhole perforation device, including: a control module, a surface winch, and a perforation gun string. The perforation gun string includes: a perforation gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit. The control module is communicatively connected to the surface winch, the perforation gun, and the magnetic signal acquisition unit. The surface winch is cable-connected to the perforation gun string. The control module includes: a first control unit and a second control unit. The surface winch also includes a third control unit.

[0027] The control module is used to generate a first movement command based on a preset perforation depth and send the first movement command to the ground winch. Specifically, the first control unit in the control module is used to generate the first movement command based on the preset perforation depth.

[0028] The surface winch is used to control the perforating gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, and to obtain the actual depth point of the perforating gun when it completes the movement; specifically, the third control unit of the surface winch is used to control the perforating gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, and the third control unit is also used to determine the actual depth point of the perforating gun when it completes the movement downhole when the perforating gun string completes the first movement command.

[0029] The magnetic signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during downhole movement. Based on the acquired magnetic signal of the downhole coupling, the standard depth point corresponding to the preset perforation depth is determined. Specifically, the position information of the downhole coupling is determined during well completion, and the position information of the downhole coupling can be obtained from the logging curve after well completion during perforation. Further, the magnetic signal acquisition unit measures the number of downhole couplings passed by the perforating gun during downhole movement to determine the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth. More specifically, a coupling locator is used as a positioning marker. The coupling locator includes a pair of permanent magnets with opposite polarities and a coil. The permanent magnets generate a constant magnetic field. During continuous logging, as it passes through the casing-coupling-casing, it causes the surrounding ferromagnetic material to change from thin to thick to thin, causing the magnetic flux Φ passing through the coil per unit time t to decrease and then increase again, generating an induced electromotive force in the coil. This induced electromotive force signal is recorded on the logging curve, indicating the position (depth) of the coupling. Compared to normal casing (or tubing), changes in the structure and thickness of the tubing string in the well, deformation, the formation of perforations and fractures, and the presence of downhole tools all indicate changes in the ferromagnetic material within the well, which will be clearly displayed as anomalies on the logging curves. Intelligent perforation control on the surface primarily utilizes coupling locators as positioning markers, automatically tracking and identifying these markers. By recognizing the number of coupling locators that pass through as markers during the movement of the perforation gun string and the corresponding magnetic flux of each coupling locator, the standard depth point corresponding to the preset deep perforation depth is determined, ensuring the accuracy of the standard depth point for the preset perforation depth.

[0030] The control module receives the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and determines whether the difference between the actual depth position and the standard depth position is within a preset error range. If the difference is within the preset error range, the control module generates an ignition command and sends it to the perforating gun. The perforating gun then performs a perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command.

[0031] Specifically, the first control unit determines whether the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range. If the difference is within the preset error range, the second control unit generates an ignition command. The second control unit sends the ignition command to the perforating gun, which then ignites and perforates according to the command generated by the second control unit.

[0032] The first control unit determines whether the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range. If the difference is not within the preset error range, the first control unit generates a second movement command based on the difference. The third control unit of the surface winch controls the perforating gun string to move downhole according to the second movement command. This continues until the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point after the perforating gun string completes its movement downhole is within the preset error range. Then, the second control unit generates an ignition command and sends it to the perforating gun, which ignites and perforates according to the command generated by the second control unit.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first control unit further includes a first communication subunit, and the second control unit further includes a second communication subunit. The first communication subunit is used to send a first movement command and a second movement command; the second communication subunit is used to send an ignition command.

[0034] In this embodiment, the third control unit further includes a third communication subunit, which is used to receive a first movement command and a second movement command from the first control unit.

[0035] In this embodiment, the perforation gun string further includes: an attitude sensor; The attitude sensor is used to collect the attitude information of the perforating gun and send the collected attitude information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

[0036] In this embodiment, the attitude sensor is also used to collect the speed information of the perforating gun and send the collected speed information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

[0037] Specifically, the third communication subunit is also used to receive attitude information and speed information of the perforating gun sent from the attitude sensor.

[0038] Furthermore, the third control unit is also used to generate steering commands based on the attitude information of the perforating gun, and the surface winch adjusts its steering according to the steering commands, thereby adjusting the attitude of the perforating gun downhole. The third control unit is also used to generate start / stop commands and rotation speed commands for the surface winch drum upon receiving the first and second movement commands.

[0039] More specifically, the start / stop commands for the surface winch drum are used to control the start and stop of the surface winch drum, and thus control the start and stop of the movement of the downhole perforation gun string. The rotation speed commands for the surface winch drum are used to control the movement speed of the downhole perforation gun string. Furthermore, the surface winch adopts an automatic programmable control and fully automatic scheduling design concept, realizing unmanned control of the winch. The intelligent winch is designed with a TCP / IP interface and has the basic characteristics of an Internet of Things (IoT) device. Through network connection with the perforation control platform, according to the IoT communication protocol, the perforation control center can control the winch, including communicable setting and automatic speed control of the drum rotation speed, drum reversing control, drum start / stop control, winch operating status acquisition and data uploading, target depth communication setting and automatic stop control upon arrival, voice prompts and alarm functions.

[0040] In this embodiment, the second control unit is used to control the ignition of the perforating gun string. Specifically, the perforating gun in this embodiment supports perforation ignition functions for various processes, including conventional perforation ignition, tubing-transport perforation ignition, and staged selective perforation ignition. The ignition commands generated by the second control unit include: ignition time and ignition process.

[0041] In this embodiment, after the perforating gun string is zeroed at the wellhead, manual control of the winch by the winch operator is not required. Automatic conveying is achieved simply by sending commands to the control module to set the drum rotation direction and speed. During conveying, the coupling signal is automatically identified, and the casing length is automatically determined. Upon reaching the target layer, the lower limit of the short casing is found through automatic coupling comparison, and automatic tracking begins. After finding the standard coupling, the gear is automatically engaged. Approaching the designated layer, an ignition command is automatically sent after precise calculation, driving the ignition device to ignite.

[0042] In this embodiment, the third control unit adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun in the wellbore based on the received attitude information of the perforating gun, and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the received speed information of the perforating gun. Specifically: Calculate the distance traveled by the perforating gun string at a certain speed: Where v represents the feed speed of the perforating gun string, This represents the time it takes to run at the current speed.

[0043] Assuming there are n CCL magnetic markers in the wellbore environment, and the average velocity of the perforating gun string within the wellbore is v1 in Δt1, v2 in Δt2, and vn in Δtn, then the distance between magnetic marker A and magnetic marker B can be obtained as follows: ; Where i is the number of CCL magnetic markers. After the magnetic signal acquisition unit automatically identifies the standard magnetic signal marker of the downhole coupling during engagement, the automatic ignition process begins. It starts summing the displacements generated within the Δtn time interval and compares the sum with the engagement ignition distance at high speed. When they are equal, the automatic ignition process is triggered. The perforation scheduling platform first automatically checks the ignition authorization status. Ignition authorization status has two priorities: remote authorization is the first priority, and on-site authorization is the second priority. If remote authorization is not allowed, the automatic ignition process cannot continue. When both remote and on-site authorizations are valid, the automatic ignition process will start.

[0044] In this embodiment, the control module includes a first control unit and a second control unit, wherein the first control unit is a logging function motherboard (i.e., motherboard 1). Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the first control unit conforms to the system interface standard and interface protocol of the intelligent logging system, and can be fitted with a general depth sounding module, a general analog signal acquisition module, a general telemetry module, and an extended function module, including an electrode measurement module for coring.

[0045] Based on the worksheet configuration and the signal type of the downhole instrument, activate the corresponding functional modules.

[0046] In general logging mode, the module is active and connected to the logging signal channel and the corresponding cable core.

[0047] It interacts with the control module via industrial Ethernet, serving as one of the IoT nodes for smart perforation.

[0048] The second control unit is the ignition control function motherboard (i.e., motherboard 2). Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second control unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the second control unit conforms to the intelligent integrated perforation system interface standard and interface protocol, and can be fitted with a graded selective ignition control module and a dual-wire conventional ignition control module.

[0049] Based on the work schedule configuration and the perforation construction process type, activate the corresponding perforation ignition function module.

[0050] In the perforation ignition mode, the module is activated and connects the corresponding perforation ignition channel and the corresponding cable core according to the perforation method selection result on the front panel.

[0051] It interacts with the ignition master controller of the perforation cavity via industrial Ethernet, serving as one of the IoT nodes of the smart perforation.

[0052] The ignition control module is the communication hub of the perforation coring ignition functional module group. It completes data collection, command forwarding, and data packet merging for each separate perforation coring functional module. It serves as a bridge for communication and interconnection between the surface control software and the downhole instruments and tools.

[0053] This circuit module uses a 32-bit ARM processor STM32 series as the control core. It connects to the ground industrial control host via an Ethernet interface and connects to each discrete functional module via a high-speed RS485 interface.

[0054] The specific performance metrics for this module are as follows: 1) Supports TCP server, TCP client and UDP mode connections.

[0055] 2) Supports a maximum of 10 or more TCP or UDP connections.

[0056] 3) Serial interface: UART, baud rate supports 9600, 57600, 115200bps, data bits support 5-9 bits.

[0057] 4) Ethernet interface: 10M / 100M standard interface.

[0058] 5) RS485 bus communication rate: 1Mbps 6) Operating temperature range: -40℃ to +85℃.

[0059] The conventional perforation composite control module is one of the discrete functional modules for perforation core sampling ignition, primarily used in conventional perforation operations. It supports both magnetoelectric detonators and high-resistance detonators. This module achieves the ignition function of magnetoelectric detonators through charge / discharge control and ignition process control; and achieves the ignition function of high-resistance detonators and igniters through power switching control, ignition protection control, and ignition process control.

[0060] This circuit module uses a high-performance AVR microcontroller as the control core, and achieves ignition process control by switching relay combinations through a relay drive circuit. It also achieves communication connection with the ignition main control module through a high-speed RS485 fieldbus interface.

[0061] The performance metrics for this module are: 1) Supported detonator types: high-resistivity detonators, magnetic detonators 2) RS485 bus communication rate: 250Kbps.

[0062] 3) Charging protection voltage: 250V 4) Ignition voltage acquisition range: 0V-500V 5) Ignition current acquisition range: 0mA—2000mA 6) Operating temperature range: -30℃ to +55℃.

[0063] The electronic firing control module is one of the discrete functional modules for perforation coring ignition. It is mainly used in cluster perforation ignition operations, interconnecting with the downhole firing switch or firing control sub, collecting data from the downhole firing switch, and forwarding surface operation commands to the downhole firing switch.

[0064] This circuit module uses a high-performance AVR microcontroller as its control core and connects to the downhole selective ignition switch via an AMI encoding / decoding circuit. It communicates with the ignition main control module via a high-speed RS485 fieldbus interface.

[0065] Specific performance metrics for this module: 1) Bus communication rate: 1Mbps.

[0066] 2) Cable communication interface type: Single-core connection, including DC power supply signal for the well and cable telemetry signal.

[0067] 3) Encoding and modulation method: Pulse modulation, duty cycle 50%.

[0068] 4) Encoded signal format: Data bit "1" is modulated into a negative pulse, and data bit "0" is not modulated.

[0069] 5) Encoding transmission rate: 1-10Kbps.

[0070] 6) Decoding and receiving rate: not less than 20Kbps.

[0071] 7) Operating temperature range: -30℃ to +55℃.

[0072] This invention represents a groundbreaking technological innovation in the perforation industry. It focuses on researching fully automated, non-stop perforation technology, designing a fully automated, non-stop perforation process, and utilizing cutting-edge technology combined with existing techniques to achieve automatic tracking, automatic depth calibration, automatic gear engagement, and automatic ignition without stopping the winch. The entire process of tracking, depth calibration, gear engagement, and ignition is accompanied by voice prompts, providing voice alerts to the operator and winch driver. This technology can be widely applied to the development and design of all fully automated intelligent well completion systems, offering significant guiding value and practical implications for the design of intelligent, automated, streamlined, and unmanned well completion systems.

[0073] This invention is an innovative technology that deeply integrates various technical categories such as intelligent processing chip application development technology, large-scale circuit integration technology, remote communication technology, automatic tracking and recognition technology, automatic depth correction technology, automatic gear shifting and automatic positioning algorithms. It has a high technical threshold and can serve as the optimal solution for the system. It provides a comprehensive technical reference template for the overall architecture design, automation design and human-computer interaction design of intelligent pipeline-style perforation systems, greatly reducing the development difficulty of fully automatic non-stop perforation systems and shortening the development cycle of complex technology combination systems. Compared with traditional technologies, it has unparalleled advantages in terms of technological advancement and human-computer interaction.

[0074] The invention underwent multiple tests, and the results show that the developed intelligent digital coring system features high intelligence, excellent human-computer interaction, high construction efficiency, and high reliability for unmanned operation. All performance indicators have reached a high level, increasing the overall efficiency of perforation construction by more than 50% and reducing manual intervention by more than 100%. The trend of rapidly replacing all traditional perforation processes is unstoppable.

[0075] This invention relates to a comprehensive development and design technology involving automatic tracking and identification, automatic gear shifting and automatic positioning algorithm design and implementation, high-reliability ignition technology, and real-time instantaneous detonation discrimination technology. It solves the technical problems of low efficiency, high cost, and lagging automation and intelligence levels in traditional perforation technology. This fully automatic, non-stop perforation technology enables the digital and intelligent transformation of perforation technology, driving the transformation of perforation operations towards smart factories, realizing automated assembly line operations in the perforation process, and transforming complex and tedious perforation operations into simple, repetitive, unmanned operations.

[0076] The successful application of this invention will undoubtedly accelerate the development and upgrading of intelligent perforation systems with the vision of smart super factories, promote the transformation of high-tech achievements, and realize high-quality development and technological self-reliance in the perforation industry. Based on this innovative achievement, the intelligent perforation system will create an intelligent assembly line operation mode, significantly improving production efficiency and operational quality, while simultaneously achieving continuous and standardized operation.

[0077] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the fully automated downhole perforation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the fully automatic downhole perforation method provided in this embodiment relies on a fully automatic downhole perforation device. The device includes a control module, a surface winch, and a perforation gun string. The perforation gun string includes a perforation gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit. The control module is communicatively connected to the surface winch, the perforation gun, and the magnetic signal acquisition unit. The surface winch is cable-connected to the perforation gun string. The control module includes a first control unit and a second control unit. The surface winch also includes a third control unit. The perforation gun also includes an attitude sensor.

[0078] The fully automated downhole perforation method includes: S1. The control module generates a first movement command based on a preset depth; S2. Using a surface winch, control the perforation gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, and obtain the actual depth point when the perforation gun completes the movement; S3. The magnetic signal acquisition unit acquires the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during the downhole movement, and determines the standard depth point of the preset perforation depth in the downhole based on the acquired magnetic signal of the downhole coupling. S4. The control module receives the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and determines whether the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within a preset error range. S5. When the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range, the control module generates an ignition command and sends the ignition command to the perforating gun. S6. Perform the ignition operation using the perforating gun according to the ignition command.

[0079] In this embodiment, the method further includes: When it is determined that the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point is not within the preset error range, the control module generates a second movement command based on the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point, and sends the second movement command to the ground winch. The perforating gun string is moved downhole by the surface winch according to the second movement command.

[0080] In this embodiment, the method further includes: The attitude information of the perforating gun is acquired by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives attitude information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun as it moves downhole based on the attitude information.

[0081] In this embodiment, the method further includes: The speed information of the perforating gun is collected by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives the speed information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the speed information of the perforating gun.

[0082] The present invention also provides a computer device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program, the computer program being stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the above-described fully automated downhole perforation method.

[0083] The present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described fully automated downhole perforation method.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0085] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0086] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0087] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0088] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0089] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A fully automated downhole perforating device, characterized in that, include: The system includes a control module, a ground winch, and a perforation gun string. The perforation gun string includes a perforation gun and a magnetic signal acquisition unit. The control module is communicatively connected to the ground winch, the perforation gun, and the magnetic signal acquisition unit. The ground winch is connected to the perforation gun string via a cable. The control module is used to generate a first movement command based on a preset perforation depth and send the first movement command to the ground winch; The ground winch is used to control the perforation gun string to move downhole according to the first movement command, and to obtain the actual depth point when the perforation gun completes the movement. The magnetic signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during the downhole movement, and to determine the standard depth point in the well corresponding to the preset perforation depth based on the acquired magnetic signal of the downhole coupling. The control module is also used to receive the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and to determine whether the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within a preset error range; when it is determined that the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within the preset error range, an ignition command is generated and the ignition command is sent to the perforating gun; The perforating gun is used to perform perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command.

2. The fully automated downhole perforating device of claim 1, wherein, The control module is also used to generate a second movement command based on the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement, and send the second movement command to the ground winch when the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is not within a preset error range. The surface winch is also used to control the perforation gun string to continue moving downhole according to the second movement command.

3. The fully automated downhole perforating device of claim 2, wherein, The control module includes: a first control unit and a second control unit; The first control unit is used to determine whether the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range. When it is determined that the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is not within the preset error range, a second movement command is generated based on the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement. The second control unit is used to generate an ignition command when it determines that the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range.

4. The fully automated downhole perforating device of claim 1, wherein, The perforation gun string also includes: an attitude sensor; The attitude sensor is used to collect the attitude information of the perforating gun and send the collected attitude information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

5. The fully automated downhole perforating device of claim 4, wherein, The attitude sensor is also used to collect the speed information of the perforating gun and send the collected speed information of the perforating gun to the ground winch.

6. The fully automated downhole perforating device of claim 5, wherein, The ground winch also includes: a third control unit; The third control unit adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun as it moves downhole based on the received attitude information of the perforating gun, and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the received speed information of the perforating gun.

7. A fully automatic downhole perforating method, characterized by The method includes: The control module generates a first movement command based on a preset depth and sends the first movement command to the ground winch. The perforating gun string is moved downhole by a surface winch according to the first movement command, and the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes the movement is obtained. The magnetic signal acquisition unit collects the magnetic signal of the downhole coupling during the downhole movement, and determines the standard depth point in the well corresponding to the preset perforation depth based on the collected magnetic signal of the downhole coupling. The control module receives the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement from the ground winch and the standard depth position from the magnetic signal acquisition unit, and determines whether the difference between the actual depth position of the perforating gun when it completes its movement and the standard depth position is within a preset error range. When the difference between the actual depth point and the standard depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement is within a preset error range, the control module generates an ignition command and sends the ignition command to the perforating gun. The perforating gun performs the perforation ignition operation according to the ignition command.

8. The fully automated downhole perforating method of claim 7, wherein, The method further includes: When it is determined that the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point is not within the preset error range, the control module generates a second movement command based on the difference between the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement and the standard depth point, and sends the second movement command to the ground winch. The perforating gun string continues to move downhole under the control of the surface winch according to the second movement command.

9. The fully automated downhole perforating method of claim 7, wherein, The method further includes: The attitude information of the perforating gun is acquired by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives attitude information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and adjusts the attitude of the perforating gun as it moves downhole based on the attitude information.

10. The fully automated downhole perforating method of claim 7, wherein, The method further includes: The speed information of the perforating gun is collected by an attitude sensor; The third control unit receives the speed information of the perforating gun from the attitude sensor and determines the actual depth point when the perforating gun completes its movement based on the speed information of the perforating gun.

11. A computer device, comprising: include: Memory, which stores computer programs; A processor for executing the computer program to implement the fully automated downhole perforation method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the fully automated downhole perforation method according to any one of claims 7 to 10.

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