Water-rock interaction test device and use method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of water-rock reaction processes, specifically disclosing a water-rock interaction experimental device and its usage method. The device comprises a multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction experimental system, consisting of a constant-temperature water tank, a constant-pressure water pump, and a reaction device module. This system adopts a modular design and an integrated architecture for precise control of environmental parameters, dynamic simulation of hydraulic conditions, and spatiotemporal evolution data acquisition. The core components of the water-rock interaction experimental device include a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank. The specific steps for dynamically simulating multi-morphological groundwater flow paths at the laboratory scale are: calling preset parameters, setting path parameters, switching paths, starting the device to control temperature and pressure, collecting and analyzing data, and cleaning and verifying the data. This invention achieves dynamic simulation of multi-morphological groundwater flow paths at the laboratory scale for the first time, realizing full-element control of the water-rock reaction process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water-rock reaction process technology, specifically to a water-rock interaction test device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Water-rock interaction is a core geological process controlling rock mass deterioration, groundwater pollution diffusion, and geothermal reservoir evolution. Its research requires accurate reproduction of the dynamic transport-reaction coupling mechanism of aqueous solution in rock pore / fracture network.

[0003] Traditional experimental setups often employ constant-temperature and constant-pressure static immersion or unidirectional flow permeation designs, which have significant limitations: First, the parameter control system has low integration, making it difficult to simultaneously regulate multidimensional variables such as water flow temperature, pressure, pH value, and ion concentration, resulting in significant deviations between experimental conditions and real geological environments. Second, spatial resolution is insufficient; existing devices generally use a single inlet / outlet design, which cannot quantify the spatial expansion differences of the reaction front, nor can it acquire solute concentration gradient data along the process, thus hindering the study of spatial differentiation laws of dissolution-precipitation. Third, data acquisition is discretized; most experiments require destructive sampling after interrupting the process, making it difficult to capture transient reaction characteristics, including pH changes and colloid formation events, resulting in a lack of high-precision time-series data to support the verification of kinetic models.

[0004] Groundwater migration in natural rock masses exhibits multi-form flow characteristics, including serpentine seepage in porous media, dominant flow in penetrating fractures, and cross-flow in conjugate fracture networks. These path differences can significantly alter water-rock contact efficiency and solute transport mechanisms.

[0005] However, existing experimental devices generally lack physical simulation capabilities: while straight-line seepage devices can simulate simple fracture flow, they cannot construct the secondary dissolution enhancement effect of serpentine paths; fixed flow channel designs struggle to reproduce the fluid distribution characteristics of X-type conjugate fractures; and they cannot study the influence of path topology on the reaction process by parametrically adjusting key morphological parameters such as flow channel curvature and intersection angles. This lack of physical simulation capabilities makes it difficult for laboratory data to effectively guide engineering practices such as the prediction of dissolution conduits in karst areas and acid fracturing stimulation of fractured oil and gas reservoirs, highlighting the urgent need to develop new multi-path simulation devices.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a water-rock interaction test device and its usage method that can achieve full control of the water-rock reaction process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a water-rock interaction test device and a method of use, which effectively solves the problem that existing test devices generally lack physical simulation capabilities and effectively realizes full-element control of the water-rock reaction process.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a water-rock interaction test device, comprising a multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system composed of a constant temperature water tank, a constant pressure water pump, and a reaction device module. The multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system adopts a modular design and an integrated architecture that integrates precise control of environmental parameters, dynamic simulation of hydraulic conditions, and spatiotemporal evolution data acquisition. The water-rock interaction test device includes core components consisting of a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank.

[0009] Preferably, the constant temperature water tank device is equipped with an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value; the constant pressure water pump device is used for continuous adjustment of water pressure and flow rate; the reaction device module integrates a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank to simulate three typical groundwater flow paths: serpentine seepage, straight runoff and X-type conjugate fracture, and to capture the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the reaction front.

[0010] Preferably, the water-rock interaction test device is composed of a double-layered plexiglass cavity and equipped with a dual-channel temperature control system and a dynamic pH compensation unit; the temperature control system adopts PID algorithm control and uses 12 sets of PT100 temperature sensors distributed in the cavity to uniformly heat or cool the solution; the pH compensation unit is equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump and injects HCl / NaOH solution in real time to maintain pH stability.

[0011] Preferably, the water-rock interaction test device also adopts a dual-pump parallel architecture consisting of a gear pump and a plunger pump to control the pressure and flow rate over a wide range; the gear pump is responsible for the pulsation-free delivery in the low-pressure range of 0.1-0.8MPa, and the plunger pump undertakes the stable output in the high-pressure range of 0.5-2.0MPa.

[0012] Preferably, the water-rock interaction test device also integrates an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure transmitter, and adjusts the pump speed in real time through PID closed-loop control.

[0013] Preferably, the reconfigurable flow guidance system includes a serpentine path, a straight path, and an X-conjugate path.

[0014] Preferably, the serpentine path is formed by 24 2mm thick 316L acrylic guide plates arranged at a 45° angle to form a tortuous channel with a radius of curvature R of 15mm; the straight path is formed by removing the guide plates to create a vertical flow channel with a cross-section of 50×50mm and a surface roughness of Ra of 1.6mm with biomimetic cracks; the X-conjugate path is formed by configuring 8 sets of adjustable angle 30-150° hydraulically positioned guide plates to construct a seepage network with multiple sets of cracks converging.

[0015] Preferably, the three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank is provided with four horizontal sampling surfaces, each with a spacing of 50mm between each horizontal sampling surface and 5 sampling points per surface; it is also provided with three levels of vertical sampling columns, each with a spacing of 30mm between each column; it is equipped with an automatic rotating sampling disk that supports programmable interval sampling from 1 minute to 24 hours; the three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank also embeds fiber optic sensors at key nodes of the guide plate, the fiber optic sensors synchronously collect three parameters: pH, temperature, and conductivity, and the sampling frequency is 10Hz.

[0016] Preferably, the guide plate assembly adopts an organic glass slot structure for physical switching between three path modes: serpentine, straight, and X-shaped. The surface of the guide plate is formed with a biomimetic rough texture using a laser etching process.

[0017] The specific steps for using a water-rock interaction experimental device to achieve dynamic simulation of multi-morphological groundwater flow paths on a laboratory scale are as follows: S1. Based on the requirements of the simulated geological scenario, the corresponding preset mode parameters are called from the path configuration database. This database stores 12 typical geological scenario parameter combinations, including karst pipelines and shale pressure fractures. S2. Based on the parameters invoked, the tortuosity of the serpentine path is determined through the coordinated adjustment of the guide vane spacing and the radius of curvature. Alternatively, the node density of an X-shaped path can be determined by combining the cross angle and number of guide vanes. This is to complete the parameter settings for various groundwater flow paths; among them, the serpentine tortuosity... X-shaped node density is the effective flow path length / straight-line distance. The number of crack intersections per unit area; S3. Through the organic glass slot structure of the guide plate assembly, the physical switching of serpentine, straight or X-shaped path modes is completed, and the biomimetic rough texture formed by laser etching on the surface of the guide plate simulates the wetting characteristics of natural fracture surfaces. S4. Start the constant temperature water tank device to provide an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value, and maintain the stability of the solution temperature and pH value through a temperature control system controlled by PID algorithm and a pH compensation unit equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump. S5. Start the constant pressure water pump device and achieve precise control of water pressure and flow rate through the dual-pump parallel architecture. According to the test requirements, activate the step pressurization program to simulate the fatigue damage effect of the periodic fluctuation of groundwater level on the rock. S6. After the constant temperature water tank and constant pressure water pump are running stably, the solution flows through the pre-set multi-morphological flow path in the reaction device module, and data is collected using the three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank. S7. During the experiment, the angle of the guide vane was switched manually or electrically. After switching, wait 30 minutes to allow the flow field to stabilize before continuing the experiment and data collection to study the influence of different flow patterns on water-rock interaction. S8. After the test, clean the guide plate grooves to prevent carbonate deposition and blockage, and check the accuracy of the rotating shaft. At the same time, analyze the collected data, establish a three-dimensional mapping relationship between the expansion rate of the dissolution front and its spatial location, and quantitatively analyze the path dependence characteristics of the water-rock reaction.

[0018] Therefore, this invention proposes a water-rock interaction test device and its usage method, the beneficial effects of which are as follows: (1) It can achieve precise control of multidimensional variables, and can synchronously and stably control parameters such as temperature, pressure, and pH value, reduce the deviation between experimental conditions and real geological environment, and improve data reliability. (2) Realize dynamic simulation of multi-form groundwater flow paths. Accurately simulate serpentine, straight and X-shaped conjugate fracture paths through a reconfigurable diversion system to help study the influence of paths on water-rock interaction. (3) Improve the accuracy and efficiency of data acquisition. Use a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank to capture transient response characteristics and obtain high-precision time series data to support the verification of dynamic models.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of a water-rock interaction test apparatus and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a water-rock interaction test device and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the serpentine path guide plate in the water-rock interaction test device and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a straight-path guide plate in the water-rock interaction test device and its usage method according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the X-conjugate path guide plate in the water-rock interaction test device and its usage method of the present invention.

[0021] Figure Labels 1. Reaction apparatus; 2. Third inlet valve; 3. Second inlet valve; 4. Constant pressure water pump; 5. Main valve; 6. Constant temperature water tank; 7. Temperature and pH control display; 8. Water pressure and flow rate gauge; 9. First inlet valve; 10. First outlet; 11. Second outlet; 12. Third outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0024] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a water-rock interaction test device, which includes a multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system composed of three parts: a constant temperature water tank 6, a constant pressure water pump 4, and a reaction device 1 module.

[0025] The multidimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system adopts a modular design and an integrated architecture that combines precise control of environmental parameters, dynamic simulation of hydraulic conditions, and spatiotemporal evolution data acquisition.

[0026] The water-rock interaction test device consists of a core component comprising a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank.

[0027] The constant temperature water tank 6 is equipped with an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value, and the constant pressure water pump 4 is used for continuous adjustment of water pressure and flow rate.

[0028] The reaction device module 1 integrates a reconfigurable flow diversion system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank to simulate three typical groundwater flow paths: serpentine seepage, straight runoff, and X-shaped conjugate fractures, and to capture the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the reaction front.

[0029] The water-rock interaction test device consists of a double-layered plexiglass cavity and is equipped with a dual-channel temperature control system and a dynamic pH compensation unit.

[0030] The temperature control system uses a PID algorithm and employs 12 sets of PT100 temperature sensors distributed within the cavity to uniformly heat or cool the solution.

[0031] The pH compensation unit is equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump and injects HCl / NaOH solution in real time to maintain pH stability.

[0032] The water-rock interaction test device also adopts a dual-pump parallel architecture consisting of a gear pump and a plunger pump to control pressure and flow over a wide range; the gear pump is responsible for the pulsation-free delivery in the low-pressure range of 0.1-0.8MPa, while the plunger pump undertakes the stable output in the high-pressure range of 0.5-2.0MPa.

[0033] The water-rock interaction test device also integrates an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure transmitter, and adjusts the pump speed in real time through PID closed-loop control.

[0034] Reconfigurable flow guidance systems include serpentine paths, straight paths, and X-conjugate paths.

[0035] The serpentine path consists of 24 2mm thick 316L acrylic guide plates arranged at a 45° angle, forming a meandering channel with a curvature radius R of 15mm.

[0036] The straight path is formed by removing the guide plate to create a vertical flow channel with a cross-section of 50×50mm and a surface roughness of Ra of 1.6mm, which is a biomimetic crack.

[0037] The X-conjugate path is a seepage network constructed by configuring 8 sets of adjustable 30-150° hydraulic positioning guide plates, which are intersected by multiple fissures.

[0038] The three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank is equipped with four horizontal sampling surfaces, each with a spacing of 50 mm between each horizontal sampling surface and 5 sampling points. It also has three levels of vertical sampling columns, with a spacing of 30 mm between each vertical sampling column. It is equipped with an automatic rotating sampling disk that supports programmable interval sampling from 1 minute to 24 hours.

[0039] The three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank also embeds fiber optic sensors at key nodes of the guide plate. The fiber optic sensors synchronously collect three parameters: pH, temperature, and conductivity, with a sampling frequency of 10Hz.

[0040] The deflector assembly uses an organic glass slot structure for physical switching between three path modes: serpentine, straight, and X-shaped. The surface of the deflector is formed with a biomimetic rough texture using laser etching.

[0041] The specific steps for using a water-rock interaction experimental device to achieve dynamic simulation of multi-morphological groundwater flow paths on a laboratory scale are as follows: S1. Based on the requirements of the simulated geological scenario, the corresponding preset mode parameters are called from the path configuration database. This database stores 12 typical geological scenario parameter combinations, including karst pipelines and shale pressure fractures. S2. Based on the parameters invoked, the tortuosity of the serpentine path is determined through the coordinated adjustment of the guide vane spacing and the radius of curvature. Alternatively, the node density of an X-shaped path can be determined by combining the cross angle and number of guide vanes. This is to complete the parameter settings for various groundwater flow paths; where the serpentine tortuosity τ is the effective flow path length / straight-line distance, and the X-type node density... The number of crack intersections per unit area; S3. Through the organic glass slot structure of the guide plate assembly, the physical switching of serpentine, straight or X-shaped path modes is completed, and the biomimetic rough texture formed by laser etching on the surface of the guide plate simulates the wetting characteristics of natural fracture surfaces. S4. Start the constant temperature water tank 6 device to provide an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value, and maintain the stability of the solution temperature and pH value through a temperature control system controlled by PID algorithm and a pH compensation unit equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump. S5. Start the constant pressure water pump 4 device. Through the dual pump parallel architecture, the water pressure and flow rate are precisely controlled. According to the test requirements, the step pressurization program is activated to simulate the fatigue damage effect of the periodic fluctuation of the groundwater level on the rock. S6. After the constant temperature water tank 6 and constant pressure water pump 4 are running stably, the solution flows through the pre-set multi-morphological flow path in the reaction device 1 module, and data is collected using the three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank. S7. During the experiment, the angle of the guide vane was switched manually or electrically. After switching, wait 30 minutes to allow the flow field to stabilize before continuing the experiment and data collection to study the influence of different flow patterns on water-rock interaction. S8. After the test, clean the guide plate grooves to prevent carbonate deposition and blockage, and check the accuracy of the rotating shaft. At the same time, analyze the collected data, establish a three-dimensional mapping relationship between the expansion rate of the dissolution front and its spatial location, and quantitatively analyze the path dependence characteristics of the water-rock reaction.

[0042] Example In this embodiment, a water-rock interaction test system is provided. The system includes a constant-temperature water tank, a constant-pressure water pump, and a reaction device. It is used to study the dissolution behavior of carbonate rocks with acidic water under conditions of 30℃–50℃, pH 3.5–5.5, water pressure 0.2–0.6 MPa, and flow rate 10–30 mL / min. The core components of this test system include a reaction device 1, a constant-pressure water pump 4, and a constant-temperature water tank 6. Supporting components include a third inlet valve 2, a second inlet valve 3, a main valve 5, temperature and pH control displays 7, a water pressure and flow rate gauge 8, a first inlet valve 9, a first outlet 10, a second outlet 11, and a third outlet 12.

[0043] The constant temperature water tank 6 precisely controls the reaction conditions through a temperature control and pH adjustment system, while the constant pressure water pump 4 regulates the water pressure and flow rate through a pressure gauge and a flow meter. The reaction device 1 is designed with multi-stage water inlets divided into top / middle / bottom sections and layered water outlets with a depth of 40–100 cm and a height of 10–30 cm, simulating actual water-rock interaction scenarios through spatiotemporal variables.

[0044] To enhance the uniformity of fluid distribution, a serpentine guide plate was added to the reaction device 1. Its curved path can prolong the contact time between acidic water and rock sample. By switching the guide angle, the flow direction can be changed to study the effect of turbulent or laminar flow on the dissolution effect.

[0045] The serpentine baffle plate is connected to the side wall of the reaction unit via a rotating shaft, supporting three preset angles that can be switched manually or electrically. During switching, the water pump flow is stopped, the baffle plate fixing bolts are loosened, adjusted to the target angle, and then tightened again. In electric mode, the angle switching is completed by directly driving the rotary motor via an external controller. The baffle plate surface is covered with an acid-resistant coating, and its serpentine groove design forces the water flow into a spiral motion, avoiding short-circuiting effects.

[0046] During the experiment, samples were taken after the water had been running stably for one hour at each angle, and the conductivity, pH value and dissolution data of the outlet were compared under different flow conditions.

[0047] The flow deflector switching needs to be linked to the position of the inlet. Top water inlet with 60° flow deflection simulates the vertical dissolution of karst landforms, while bottom water inlet with 30° flow deflection is suitable for the study of horizontal rock fractures.

[0048] The system actively regulates the flow pattern by introducing a flow deflector. Under fixed conditions of 40℃ and pH 4.5, a comparison of the dissolution rates with and without flow deflectors (30° and 90°) revealed that the 30° flow deflector increased the dissolution rate by 12% due to the extended contact time, while the 90° flow deflector resulted in more uniform dissolution on the rock sample surface due to enhanced turbulence.

[0049] During data collection, the flow angle, the flow velocity measured by the flow meter, and the water sample parameters measured by the pH meter or conductivity meter must be recorded simultaneously.

[0050] Key procedures include: waiting 30 minutes after switching the deflector to allow the flow field to stabilize; and maintaining consistent deflector angles for the same experimental batch to avoid interference.

[0051] Microscopic observation revealed that the enlargement of micropores in rock samples was more pronounced under 90° flow, while the 30° flow was dominated by longitudinal dissolution channels, confirming the direct regulatory effect of flow morphology on the dissolution mechanism.

[0052] The guide vane design expands the spatial simulation capability of water-rock reactions, making it particularly suitable for studying karst development mechanisms or acid fracturing stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs. Specifically, when simulating heterogeneous rock formations, the guide vane angle is switched in segments to replicate complex fracture networks.

[0053] After the experiment, the guide plate grooves need to be cleaned to prevent carbonate deposits from clogging the system, and the accuracy of the rotating shaft needs to be checked.

[0054] Therefore, this invention provides a water-rock interaction experimental device and its usage method. The device consists of a constant-temperature water tank, a constant-pressure water pump, and a reaction unit module, effectively simulating various groundwater flow paths, including serpentine seepage, straight runoff, and X-shaped conjugate fractures. By precisely controlling parameters such as temperature, pressure, and pH, and utilizing a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank, the entire water-rock reaction process can be controlled and dynamically simulated, enabling the acquisition of high-precision time-series data and providing strong support for related research.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-rock interaction test apparatus, characterized in that, The system comprises a multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system consisting of a constant temperature water tank, a constant pressure water pump, and a reaction device module. The multi-dimensional dynamic water-rock interaction test system adopts a modular design and an integrated architecture that integrates precise control of environmental parameters, dynamic simulation of hydraulic conditions, and spatiotemporal evolution data acquisition. The water-rock interaction test device includes core components consisting of a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank.

2. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant temperature water tank is equipped with an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value; the constant pressure water pump is used for continuous adjustment of water pressure and flow rate; the reaction device module integrates a reconfigurable flow guidance system and a three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank to simulate three typical groundwater flow paths: serpentine seepage, straight runoff, and X-type conjugate fractures, and to capture the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the reaction front.

3. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-rock interaction test device consists of a double-layered plexiglass cavity and is equipped with a dual-channel temperature control system and a dynamic pH compensation unit. The temperature control system uses a PID algorithm and uses 12 sets of PT100 temperature sensors distributed in the cavity to uniformly heat or cool the solution. The pH compensation unit is equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump and injects HCl / NaOH solution in real time to maintain a stable pH value.

4. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-rock interaction test device also adopts a dual-pump parallel architecture consisting of a gear pump and a plunger pump to control pressure and flow over a wide range; the gear pump is responsible for pulsation-free delivery in the low-pressure range of 0.1-0.8MPa, and the plunger pump undertakes stable output in the high-pressure range of 0.5-2.0MPa.

5. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-rock interaction test device also integrates an electromagnetic flowmeter and a pressure transmitter, and adjusts the pump speed in real time through PID closed-loop control.

6. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reconfigurable flow guidance system includes a serpentine path, a straight path, and an X-conjugate path.

7. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The serpentine path consists of 24 2mm thick 316L acrylic guide plates arranged at a 45° angle to form a tortuous channel with a radius of curvature R of 15mm; the straight path is formed by removing the guide plates to create a vertical flow channel with a cross-section of 50×50mm and biomimetic cracks with a surface roughness Ra of 1.6mm; the X-conjugate path is a seepage network constructed by configuring 8 sets of adjustable-angle 30-150° hydraulically positioned guide plates, forming a network of intersecting cracks.

8. The water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank is equipped with four horizontal sampling surfaces, each with a spacing of 50 mm between each horizontal sampling surface and five sampling points. It also has three levels of vertical sampling columns, with a spacing of 30 mm between each vertical sampling column. It is equipped with an automatic rotating sampling disk that supports programmable interval sampling from 1 minute to 24 hours. The three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling tank also embeds fiber optic sensors at key nodes of the flow guide plate. The fiber optic sensors synchronously collect three parameters: pH, temperature, and conductivity, with a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.

9. The water-rock interaction test apparatus and its method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that, The guide plate assembly adopts an organic glass slot structure for physical switching between three path modes: serpentine, straight, and X-shaped. The surface of the guide plate is formed with a biomimetic rough texture using laser etching technology.

10. A method of using a water-rock interaction test apparatus according to claims 1-9, characterized in that, The specific steps for achieving dynamic simulation of various groundwater flow paths at the laboratory scale are as follows: S1. Based on the requirements of the simulated geological scenario, the corresponding preset mode parameters are called from the path configuration database. This database stores 12 typical geological scenario parameter combinations, including karst pipelines and shale pressure fractures. S2. Based on the parameters invoked, the tortuosity of the serpentine path is determined through the coordinated adjustment of the guide vane spacing and the radius of curvature. Alternatively, the node density of an X-shaped path can be determined by combining the cross angle and number of guide vanes. This is to complete the parameter settings for various groundwater flow paths; among them, the serpentine tortuosity... X-shaped node density is the effective flow path length / straight-line distance. The number of crack intersections per unit area; S3. Through the organic glass slot structure of the guide plate assembly, the physical switching of serpentine, straight or X-shaped path modes is completed, and the biomimetic rough texture formed by laser etching on the surface of the guide plate simulates the wetting characteristics of natural fracture surfaces. S4. Start the constant temperature water tank device to provide an acidic solution with programmable temperature and pH value, and maintain the stability of the solution temperature and pH value through a temperature control system controlled by PID algorithm and a pH compensation unit equipped with a high-precision peristaltic pump. S5. Start the constant pressure water pump device and achieve precise control of water pressure and flow rate through the dual-pump parallel architecture. According to the test requirements, activate the step pressurization program to simulate the fatigue damage effect of the periodic fluctuation of groundwater level on the rock. S6. After the constant temperature water tank and constant pressure water pump are running stably, the solution flows through the pre-set multi-morphological flow path in the reaction device module, and data is collected using the three-dimensional spatiotemporal sampling water tank. S7. During the experiment, the angle of the guide vane was switched manually or electrically. After switching, wait 30 minutes to allow the flow field to stabilize before continuing the experiment and data collection to study the influence of different flow patterns on water-rock interaction. S8. After the test, clean the guide plate grooves to prevent carbonate deposition and blockage, and check the accuracy of the rotating shaft. At the same time, analyze the collected data, establish a three-dimensional mapping relationship between the expansion rate of the dissolution front and its spatial location, and quantitatively analyze the path dependence characteristics of the water-rock reaction.

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