A method and device for identifying a fractured-vug reservoir, an electronic device, and a storage medium

Abstract

This application relates to petroleum geophysical exploration technology, disclosing a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs. The method for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs includes: acquiring seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data; matching the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified with a preset fractured-vuggy structure template based on the seismic data and the inversion data, wherein each fractured-vuggy structure template includes feature data obtained from seismic forward modeling of a fractured-vuggy structure and feature data obtained from post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained from seismic forward modeling; and predicting the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template. This method is at least beneficial for efficiently and quickly identifying the fractured-vuggy filling structure of fractured-vuggy reservoirs, thereby enabling better well location deployment and well trajectory design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to petroleum geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for identifying fracture-cavity reservoirs. Background Technology

[0002] Ordovician carbonate rocks are typical solution-fractured-vuggy reservoirs, characterized by diverse types of fractures and cavities, deep burial, and strong heterogeneity. The internal structure of these reservoirs is highly complex due to their varied shapes, irregular distribution, and heterogeneous internal filling and physical properties. Oilfield development practice shows that solution-vuggy reservoirs are the main type of carbonate fracture-vuggy oil reservoirs, with a high probability of encounter during drilling, and are key to high and stable oil production. The performance of solution-vuggy reservoirs is mainly affected by the size of the vuggy cavity, the filling characteristics within the cavity, and heterogeneous variations. Different filling characteristics result in significant differences in production. Therefore, accurately identifying the internal structure distribution and filling characteristics of solution-vuggy reservoirs is crucial for the efficient development of fracture-vuggy oil reservoirs.

[0003] However, the identification of fractured-vuggy reservoirs has always been a concern in exploration and development. Due to the complexity of fractured-vuggy reservoirs at different scales and with varying filling conditions, as well as factors such as seismic resolution, accurate identification of their structures is quite challenging. Currently, researchers primarily employ forward modeling and seismic attribute identification to obtain the seismic response and spatial distribution characteristics of fractured-vuggy reservoirs; they also use well logging interpretation to understand the internal filling materials of fractured-vuggy reservoirs; and they use pre-stack physical property parameter inversion to obtain qualitative predictions of the filling properties and materials. However, they do not predict the filling structure of fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Therefore, a scheme for identifying the filling structure of fractured-vuggy reservoirs is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs, which at least facilitates efficient and rapid identification of the fractured-vuggy filling structure of fractured-vuggy reservoirs, thereby enabling better well site deployment and well trajectory design.

[0005] According to some embodiments of this application, a first aspect of this application provides a method for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs, comprising: acquiring seismic data of a fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data; matching a preset fractured-vuggy structure template to the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the seismic data and the inversion data, wherein each fractured-vuggy structure template includes feature data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fractured-vuggy structure and feature data obtained by post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling; and predicting the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template.

[0006] In some embodiments, a fracture-vuggy reservoir model is constructed, wherein different fracture-vuggy reservoir models differ in at least one of the following aspects: fracture-vuggy scale, fracture-vuggy filling characteristics, and model geological parameters; seismic forward modeling is performed using the constructed fracture-vuggy reservoir model to obtain the fracture-vuggy seismic response characteristics of the fracture-vuggy structure in the fracture-vuggy reservoir model, which are used as feature data of the corresponding fracture-vuggy structure model; post-stack impedance inversion is performed using the data obtained from the seismic forward modeling to obtain inversion result data, which are used as feature data of the corresponding fracture-vuggy structure model.

[0007] In some embodiments, constructing the fracture-cavity model includes: determining the model geological parameters of each fracture-cavity model based on the geological parameters of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0008] In some embodiments, after matching a preset fracture-vuggy structure template for the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the seismic data and the inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified, the method further includes: if the matching fails, or if there are at least two possible outcomes for the fracture-vuggy filling structure of the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified as predicted based on the matched reservoir structure template, constructing a new fracture-vuggy model and obtaining a new fracture-vuggy structure template based on the new fracture-vuggy model, so as to perform matching based on the new fracture-vuggy structure template.

[0009] In some embodiments, each slot structure template includes feature data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a large-scale slot structure and feature data obtained by post-stack impedance inversion based on the seismic forward modeling data.

[0010] In some embodiments, each of the fracture-vuggy structure templates further includes reservoir structure analysis data, which includes geometric features reflecting the characteristics obtained from seismic forward modeling.

[0011] In some embodiments, after predicting the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template, the method further includes: deploying well locations and / or generating well trajectories based on the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, a second aspect of this application also provides a device for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring seismic data of a fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data; a database module for acquiring and maintaining a plurality of reservoir structure templates with different filling characteristics of fractured-vuggy reservoirs, wherein each reservoir structure template includes feature data of fractured-vuggy structures with the same filling characteristics obtained through seismic forward modeling and feature data obtained through post-stack impedance inversion; and an identification module, connected to the acquisition module and the database module respectively, for matching a preset fractured-vuggy reservoir structure template to be identified in the database module according to the seismic data and inversion data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir structure to be identified obtained by the acquisition module, wherein one fractured-vuggy reservoir structure template includes feature data of a fractured-vuggy structure obtained through seismic forward modeling and feature data obtained through post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained through seismic forward modeling; and predicting the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified according to the matched reservoir structure template.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, a third aspect of this application also provides an electronic device, characterized in that it includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the identification method for a collection of holes as described in any one aspect of the first application.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, a fourth aspect of this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for identifying a cavity storage group as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application has at least the following advantages:

[0016] By pre-setting characteristic data obtained from seismic forward modeling of fractured-vuggy structures and characteristic data from post-stack impedance inversion based on the seismic forward modeling data to obtain a fractured-vuggy structure template, after acquiring the seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and the inversion data obtained from the seismic data, it is possible to match the fractured-vuggy structure template based on it. Based on the matched fractured-vuggy structure template, the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified can be accurately predicted, realizing efficient and rapid identification of the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, so as to better deploy well locations and design well trajectories. Attached Figure Description

[0017] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is the flowchart of the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the slot structure involved in the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the relevant data involved in the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is the flowchart of the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 5 This is the flowchart of the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 6 This is the flowchart of the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the identification device for the slotted storage collection provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the various embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been presented in the various embodiments of this application to enable readers to better understand this application. However, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.

[0027] The division of the following embodiments is for ease of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of this application. The various embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.

[0028] This application provides a method for identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs, applicable to any electronic device with computing and analytical processing capabilities, such as servers and computers. It can establish fractured-vuggy structure models for different structures through seismic forward modeling and post-stack impedance inversion, thereby predicting possible closed-loop fractured-vuggy filling structures by combining actual data (such as seismic data) of the reservoir to be identified, guiding well location deployment and well trajectory design. For ease of understanding, the following will combine... Figures 1 to 6 An explanation is provided. Among them, Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 The diagrams illustrate different processes of the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a slot structure template provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data for a fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data derived from the seismic data.

[0029] In some embodiments, the process of identifying a cavity storage group can be as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 101: Obtain seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data.

[0031] Step 102: Based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified, a preset fracture-vuggy structure template is matched for the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified. Each fracture-vuggy structure template includes characteristic data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-vuggy structure and characteristic data obtained by post-stack wave impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling.

[0032] Step 103: Based on the matched reservoir structure template, predict the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0033] In this way, by pre-setting the characteristic data obtained from seismic forward modeling of fractured-vuggy structures and the characteristic data composed of fractured-vuggy structures obtained from post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained from seismic forward modeling, it is possible to match the fractured-vuggy structure template after acquiring the seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and the inversion data obtained from the seismic data. Based on the matched fractured-vuggy structure template, the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified can be accurately predicted, so as to achieve efficient and rapid identification of the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir and better well location deployment and well trajectory design.

[0034] To facilitate understanding of the above embodiments, the steps will be explained below.

[0035] In step 101, seismic data of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data are acquired. In this embodiment, the seismic data is not limited; it can be any data that can directly or indirectly yield seismic response characteristics of the fractured-cavity reservoir through analysis or other processing, and supports subsequent inversion simulation. The acquisition of seismic response data of fractured-cavities and the inversion simulation based on it have been described in related technologies, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0036] In step 102, a pre-defined fracture-vuggy structure template is matched to the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified. Specifically, the fracture-vuggy structure template is obtained by combining seismic inversion technology with seismic forward modeling. Therefore, the influence of wavelet sidelobes can be eliminated based on seismic inversion, thereby improving the vertical resolution and obtaining characteristic data that can more accurately characterize the development location and scale of fracture-vuggy reservoirs. This makes the fracture-vuggy structure template more accurate and reliable, further improving the accuracy and reliability of the identification and prediction results of fracture-vuggy filling structures.

[0037] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application do not limit the number of slot structure templates, which can be determined based on resource capabilities, performance conditions, etc. It is understood that the more slot structure templates there are, the more refined the templates, the more accurate the matching, and the more precise and reliable the resulting slot filling structure. Furthermore, the embodiments of this application do not limit the implementation methods of seismic forward modeling and post-stack impedance inversion used in obtaining the slot structure templates, as these have been described in related technologies and will not be repeated here.

[0038] It is understandable that slots of different scales will exhibit different characteristics after forward and inversion simulations. Specifically, regarding seismic response characteristics, large-scale slots (slots with a side length of not less than 80m) can, to a certain extent, reflect the structural changes of low-velocity unfilled slots and can be distinguished from other characteristics relatively accurately and reliably. Small-scale slots (slots with a side length of not more than 40m), on the other hand, mainly exhibit single-slot responses with smaller differences, and filling characteristics are difficult to identify. Therefore, in some embodiments, each slot structure template includes feature data obtained from seismic forward modeling of a large-scale slot structure and feature data obtained from post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained from seismic forward modeling. In other words, only the large-scale seam structure template is retained, while the medium-scale and small-scale seam structures are discarded. This ensures the reliability and matchability of the seam structure template, so that the subsequent seam filling structure identified by matching will not be biased or even erroneous due to poor matching effect, thus further improving the accuracy and reliability of the identification.

[0039] It is also understandable that although the seismic response characteristics of mesoscale fracture-cavities (fracture-cavities with side lengths between 40m and 80m) and small-scale fracture-cavities (fracture-cavities with side lengths no greater than 40m) are not highly distinguishable from other cases, which is not conducive to subsequent matching, when fracture-cavities have some special filling structures, the seismic response characteristics can be relatively easily distinguished from other cases in terms of geometric morphology (such as symmetry, tilt characteristics, etc.). Therefore, in some embodiments, each fracture-cavity structure template also includes reservoir structure analysis data, which includes the geometric morphology reflecting the feature data obtained from seismic forward modeling. In this application, the geometric morphology is not limited; it can be symmetry, tilt characteristics, etc., and will not be listed here. In this way, by further adding reservoir structure analysis data to the fracture-cavity structure template, it is possible to expand the template beyond the large-scale fracture-cavity structure template to include some reliable mesoscale and small-scale fracture-cavity structure templates. This results in the fracture-cavity structure template covering more fracture-cavity structure types, making them easier to identify, and enabling the identification of more fracture-cavity filling structures with more accurate results.

[0040] To further aid in understanding the slit hole structure template, the following will combine... Figure 2 The partial slit structure shown is illustrated in the template.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown in the row of the geological model in (a), the fracture-cavity filling structure can have different structural characteristics, such as unfilled structures at the top and bottom, low-velocity unfilled structures on the left and right, filling structures at the lower right (or lower left), filling structures at the upper left (or upper right), and obliquely symmetrical filling structures. Red represents low-velocity unfilled structures, and blue represents sandy-muddy filling. In other words, each fracture-cavity structure plate corresponds to a geological model of the fracture-cavity body (also known as a "fracture-cavity model") with different scales and filling structures.

[0042] After seismic forward modeling, each fracture model will yield the following results: Figure 2 The seismic response characteristics of the fractured cavity shown in (b) are also known as the "beaded feature".

[0043] Based on the data obtained from the above earthquake forward modeling, performing post-stack wave impedance inversion will yield the following results: Figure 2 The features shown in the identification scale are in (c).

[0044] And through further analysis, we can obtain, for example Figure 2 (d) Reservoir structure analysis data shown in the reservoir characterization. For example, the inversion results of the upper and lower filling structures are single-cavity responses with asymmetrical morphology; the inversion results of the left and right low-velocity filling structures are left-dip and right-dip morphologies, respectively; for the upper and lower filling structures, the strong high-resistivity anomaly at the boundary can indicate the location of low-velocity filling in the reservoir.

[0045] In this way, a geological model and its corresponding seismic response, identification scale, and reservoir characterization constitute a fracture-vuggy structure scale.

[0046] It should be noted that, Figure 2 The geological models of fissures and caves shown are all 80m x 80m in size, representing models corresponding to large-scale fissures and caves. Clearly, from... Figure 2 It is evident that the seismic responses in these slotted structures exhibit distinct characteristics, distinguishing them from other cases. While the inversion results for the lower right and lower left filled structures show single-cavity responses, they exhibit tailing and clear geometric shapes. Furthermore, for the obliquely symmetrical filled structures, the inversion results can characterize the locations of low-velocity unfilled areas. Therefore, for small-to-medium scale slotted structures with these filled structures, corresponding slotted structure models can be considered. The inversion results for the upper left and upper right filled structures show single-cavity responses with varying but weaker morphologies, making it unsuitable to establish corresponding slotted structure models for small-to-medium scale slotted structures based on these filled structures.

[0047] Of course, the above are just examples of the slot structure template. In some embodiments, other methods can be used to filter or expand the slot structure template, which will not be elaborated here.

[0048] It should also be noted that the embodiments of this application do not limit the matching method. Various matching schemes have been described in related technologies, and will not be elaborated here. For ease of understanding, the following will provide examples of the matching implementation method.

[0049] Suppose the seismic data of a certain fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and the inversion data obtained based on the seismic data are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the earthquake data corresponds to Figure 3 The left image shows the inverted data. Figure 3 The right image shows the pre-designed seam structure template. At this point, the pre-designed seam structure template is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, then combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that, Figure 3 The area shown in ① is matched as follows: Figure 2 The template for the slot structure corresponding to the obliquely symmetrical filling structure shown; region ② matches the following: Figure 2 The left and right structures shown are a template where the left side is not filled with the corresponding seam.

[0050] In step 103, the fracture-vuggy reservoir filling structure is predicted based on the matched reservoir structure model. Different matching results will correspond to different fracture-vuggy reservoir filling structures. Using seismic data of a specific fracture-vuggy reservoir and inversion data obtained from the seismic data as an example... Figure 3 As shown in the example, the match in region ① is Figure 2The template for the slot structure corresponding to the obliquely symmetrical filling structure shown; region ② matches the following: Figure 2 Given the left and right structures shown and the left side not filled with the corresponding gap structure, it is possible to predict the gaps in region ① with obliquely symmetrical filling structures and region ② with left and right structures and the left side not filled, thereby characterizing the gap filling structure in the gap reservoir to be identified.

[0051] It is also understandable that obtaining the template for the slotted structure affects the subsequent identification effect of the slotted filling structure based on the template. Therefore, in some embodiments, the process of the method for identifying the slotted reservoir can be as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0052] Step 401: Construct a fracture-vuggy reservoir model. Different fracture-vuggy reservoir models differ in at least one of the following aspects: fracture-vuggy scale, fracture-vuggy filling characteristics, and model geological parameters.

[0053] Step 402: Use the constructed slot model to perform seismic forward modeling to obtain the slot seismic response characteristics of the slot structure in the slot model, which can be used as the feature data of the corresponding slot structure model.

[0054] Step 403: Use the data obtained from the seismic forward modeling to perform post-stack wave impedance inversion, and obtain the inversion result data as the characteristic data of the corresponding slot structure.

[0055] Step 404: Obtain seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data.

[0056] Step 405: Based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-cavity structure to be identified, a preset fracture-cavity structure template is matched for the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified. Each fracture-cavity structure template includes characteristic data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-cavity structure and characteristic data obtained by post-stack wave impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling.

[0057] Step 406: Based on the matched reservoir structure template, predict the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0058] Thus, based on the above embodiments, an equivalent model is constructed for forward simulation and inversion is performed based on the results of forward simulation to obtain the template of the slot structure, which makes the acquisition of the template of the slot structure more efficient and the template more accurate.

[0059] To facilitate understanding of the above embodiments, the steps will be explained below. Steps 404-406 are largely the same as steps 101-103 in the aforementioned embodiments, with the main difference being that steps 401-403 are executed before step 404. Therefore, steps 404-406 will not be described in detail here.

[0060] In step 401, a slot model is constructed. This embodiment does not limit the construction method of the slot model. It is understood that the number and complexity of the slot models to be constructed may vary depending on different hardware capabilities and application requirements. For example, to improve the efficiency of slot model construction, existing typical slot structures can be used to construct the slot model, such as... Figure 2 The geological model shown serves as a fracture-cavity model of a geological structure. Furthermore, to improve the applicability of the fracture-cavity model, additional methods can be used... Figure 2 Based on the geological model shown, combinations and superpositions are performed to expand and construct fracture-cavity models, etc. Furthermore, the embodiments of this application do not limit the fracture-cavity scale, fracture-cavity filling characteristics, or model geological parameters. For example, fracture-cavity size can be divided into large-scale, medium-scale, and small-scale corresponding to different size ranges; similarly, fracture-cavity filling characteristics can be divided into left-right filling, top-bottom filling, etc.; and model geological parameters can include background surrounding rock velocity, sandy-muddy filling velocity, and unfilled velocity, etc. These will not be elaborated further here.

[0061] In some embodiments, the fracture-vuggy reservoir model can be constructed by determining the model geological parameters of each fracture-vuggy reservoir based on the geological parameters of the reservoir to be identified. In other words, by determining the model geological parameters based on the geological parameters of the reservoir, the model to be constructed when identifying the fracture-vuggy reservoir structure is directly adapted to the reservoir. Therefore, it is not necessary to construct multiple fracture-vuggy reservoir models with different geological parameters, resulting in fewer fracture-vuggy reservoir models to be constructed, more accurate model geological parameters, and consequently, more accurate fracture-vuggy reservoir structure models and more accurate predicted fracture-vuggy reservoir infill structures.

[0062] Of course, in some embodiments, a large number of various types of slot models can be constructed when the number of slots to be identified is unknown, thereby obtaining a large number of slot structure templates that can be widely used in various scenarios. This allows these slot structure templates to be reused directly in a wider range of scenarios, improving identification efficiency, instead of constructing a slot model for each specific slot to be identified as shown in the previous embodiment.

[0063] In step 402, seismic forward modeling is performed using the constructed slot model to obtain the seismic response characteristics of the slot structure in the slot model, which are then used as the feature data of the corresponding slot structure model. This embodiment does not limit the seismic forward modeling method, as it has been described in related technologies and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Step 403: Perform post-stack impedance inversion using the data obtained from seismic forward modeling to obtain inversion result data, which serves as the characteristic data for the corresponding fracture-cavity structure model. This embodiment does not limit the method of post-stack impedance inversion, as it has been described in related technologies and will not be repeated here.

[0065] It is also understandable that matching is not always reliable. When matching is unreliable, appropriate processing can be provided to further improve the recognition effect. Based on this, in some embodiments, the process of the method for identifying slotted storage collections can also be as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 501: Obtain seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data.

[0067] Step 502: Based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified, a preset fracture-vuggy structure template is matched for the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified. Each fracture-vuggy structure template includes characteristic data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-vuggy structure and characteristic data obtained by post-stack wave impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling.

[0068] Step 503: If the matching is successful and the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified is unique based on the matched reservoir structure template, predict the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template.

[0069] Step 504: If the matching fails, or if there are at least two possible outcomes regarding the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified, based on the matched reservoir structure template, a new fracture and cavity model is constructed and a new fracture and cavity structure template is obtained based on the new model, so as to perform matching based on the new fracture and cavity structure template.

[0070] Thus, based on the above embodiments, different matching conditions are further considered, so that when the matching effect is not good, a new reservoir structure template can be obtained by updating the model to provide a more accurate and reliable template, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of fracture and void filling structure identification.

[0071] To facilitate understanding of the above embodiments, the steps will be explained below. Steps 501-503 are largely the same as steps 101-103 in the aforementioned embodiments. The main difference is that step 504 is executed after step 503, and step 503 has certain execution conditions. Therefore, steps 501-503 will not be described in detail here.

[0072] In step 504, if matching fails, or if there are at least two possible outcomes regarding the predicted fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template, a new fracture-cavity model is constructed, and a new fracture-cavity structure template is obtained based on the new model for matching. Matching failure or the prediction of at least two possible outcomes regarding the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template both indicate that the currently used fracture-cavity structure template cannot uniquely determine the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified, meaning the matching effect is poor. In this case, the fracture-cavity structure template can be expanded to find a more suitable fracture-cavity filling structure, thereby achieving accurate identification of the fracture-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0073] Of course, the above mainly provides examples of expansion methods when the gap structure template is obtained by forward and inverse modeling. In some embodiments, when the gap structure template is obtained by other methods, the expansion method of the gap structure template is also different, which will not be elaborated here.

[0074] In some embodiments, the process of identifying a cavity storage group can also be as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0075] Step 601: Obtain seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data.

[0076] Step 602: Based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified, a preset fracture-vuggy structure template is matched for the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified. Each fracture-vuggy structure template includes characteristic data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-vuggy structure and characteristic data obtained by post-stack wave impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling.

[0077] Step 603: Based on the matched reservoir structure template, predict the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0078] Step 604: Deploy well locations and / or generate well trajectories based on the fractured-cavity filling structure of the fractured-cavity reservoir to be identified.

[0079] Thus, based on the aforementioned embodiments, the identification of the fractured and cavitary reservoir's fractured and cavitary filling structure is further automated, thereby making well location deployment and / or well trajectory generation more efficient.

[0080] In the above embodiments, steps 601-603 are largely the same as steps 101-103 in the aforementioned embodiments. The main difference is that step 604 is executed after step 603, so steps 601-603 will not be described again here. Furthermore, step 604 mainly involves the further application of the fractured-vuggy reservoir's fractured-vuggy filling structure to be identified. Related technologies have already described implementation schemes for well location deployment and / or well trajectory generation based on fractured-vuggy filling structures. Using seismic data of a certain fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data as an example... Figure 3 As shown in the example, the match in region ① is Figure 2 The template for the slot structure corresponding to the obliquely symmetrical filling structure shown; region ② matches the following: Figure 2 In the case of the left and right structures shown, where the left side is not filled with the corresponding fracture structure, the generated well trajectory can be as follows: Figure 3 The purplish-red and yellow dashed lines indicate that the well trajectory can be shifted downwards from the original center position to the unfilled area on the left, predicting a higher probability of encountering an unfilled cavity. This guides well location deployment and well trajectory adjustments. Step 604 will not be elaborated upon here.

[0081] It should be noted that the above Figures 4-6 The embodiments shown are mainly in Figure 1 Further description is provided based on the illustrated embodiments, in some cases, Figures 4-6 The embodiments shown can be combined with each other without conflict, and will not be listed one by one here.

[0082] To help those skilled in the art better understand the method for identifying slotted storage collections provided in the above embodiments, the following will describe it in conjunction with specific examples.

[0083] When identifying fractured-vuggy reservoirs in a specific work area, firstly, based on the actual drilling data of the work area, fractured-vuggy models of different scales and filling structures are designed considering typical fractured-vuggy structures and filling characteristics. The model is designed using an equivalent approach, and corresponding geological parameters are set according to the geological conditions of the work area, such as setting the background surrounding rock velocity to 6000 m / s, the velocity of sandy-muddy filling to 4800 m / s, and the velocity of unfilled to 3300 m / s. The scale of the fractured-vuggy model is designed to be different, such as a large-scale fractured-vuggy body of 80×80m, a medium-scale fractured-vuggy body of 40×40m, and a small-scale fractured-vuggy body of 20m×20m.

[0084] Then, wave equation forward modeling was conducted based on an equivalent geological model to analyze the seismic response characteristics of fracture-cavity models at different scales and with different filling structures, using these as feature data. Seismic forward modeling data of fracture-cavity bodies at different scales and with different filling structures were obtained based on the forward modeling, and post-stack impedance inversion was performed to analyze the seismic response patterns of fracture-cavity models at different scales and with different filling structure characteristics, using these as feature data. Based on the above data, detailed reservoir structure analysis data was further analyzed.

[0085] In this way, several structural models of the gaps and holes corresponding to the gaps and holes to be identified are established.

[0086] Next, based on the seismic response characteristics and wave impedance inversion results of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the actual seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs to be identified, the closest fractured-vuggy structure template is matched with the template, and further, based on the matched reservoir structure template, the fractured-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs to be identified is predicted.

[0087] If the actual seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified is very complex, and no corresponding fractured-vuggy structure template is found, or multiple possible fractured-vuggy structure templates are found, a more complex fractured-vuggy model (such as combining the aforementioned typical fractured-vuggy models) can be designed based on the actual seismic data and other actual data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified. The aforementioned forward and inverse simulations can then be performed again to establish a new fractured-vuggy structure template, expand the richer fractured-vuggy structure template into the existing template, and perform matching and other processing again. This will further realize the identification method of fractured-vuggy reservoirs under the condition of more complex actual data, and guide well location deployment and well trajectory design.

[0088] Therefore, the method for identifying cavity reservoirs provided in this application can perform forward and inverse simulations based on the model to establish a template, which is beneficial for predicting possible cavity filling structures based on actual data. It is intuitive, fast, efficient and accurate. Furthermore, in cases where the actual data is complex, if the template does not match, a more complex model can be designed to expand the template, thus providing continuity.

[0089] The steps of the various methods described above are only for clarity. In practice, they can be combined into one step or some steps can be split into multiple steps. As long as they include the same logical relationship, they are all within the scope of protection of this patent. Adding insignificant modifications or introducing insignificant designs to the algorithm or process, but without changing the core design of the algorithm and process, are also within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0090] Another aspect of this application embodiment provides a device for identifying slotted storage collections, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0091] The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic data of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data;

[0092] The database module is used to acquire and maintain several reservoir structure templates with different filling characteristics of fractures and cavities. Each reservoir structure template includes feature data of fractures and cavities with the same filling characteristics obtained by seismic forward modeling and feature data obtained by post-stack impedance inversion.

[0093] The identification module, connected to the acquisition module and the database module respectively, is used to match a preset fracture-vuggy structure template for the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified in the database module based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified obtained by the acquisition module. The fracture-vuggy structure template includes feature data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-vuggy structure and feature data obtained by post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling. Based on the matched reservoir structure template, the module predicts the fracture-vuggy filling structure of the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified.

[0094] It is not difficult to see that this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the method embodiment, and this embodiment can be implemented in conjunction with the method embodiment. The relevant technical details mentioned in the method embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and will not be repeated here to reduce repetition. Correspondingly, the relevant technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the method embodiment.

[0095] It is worth mentioning that all modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules. In practical applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or a combination of multiple physical units. Furthermore, to highlight the innovative aspects of this application, this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed in this application; however, this does not mean that other units are absent in this embodiment.

[0096] Another aspect of this application embodiment also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes: at least one processor 801; and a memory 802 communicatively connected to at least one processor 801; wherein the memory 802 stores instructions executable by at least one processor 801, the instructions being executed by at least one processor 801 to enable at least one processor 801 to perform the method for identifying the cavity storage group described in any of the above method embodiments.

[0097] The memory 802 and processor 801 are connected via a bus, which can include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges. The bus connects various circuits of one or more processors 801 and memory 802 together. The bus can also connect various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. A bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by processor 801 is transmitted over a wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives data and transmits it to processor 801.

[0098] The processor 801 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The memory 802 can be used to store data used by the processor 801 during operation.

[0099] Another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the above-described method embodiments.

[0100] That is, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. This program is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0101] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific embodiments for implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes can be made to them in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for identifying a collection of slit-hole containers, characterized in that, include: Acquire seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data; Based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-cavity structure to be identified, a preset fracture-cavity structure template is matched for the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified. Each fracture-cavity structure template includes feature data obtained by seismic forward modeling of a fracture-cavity structure and feature data obtained by post-stack wave impedance inversion based on the data obtained by seismic forward modeling. Based on the matched reservoir structure template, the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified is predicted.

2. The method for identifying a cavity storage collection according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before matching a preset fracture structure template to the fracture reservoir based on the seismic data and the inversion data of the fracture structure to be identified, the method further includes: Construct fracture-vuggy reservoir models, wherein different fracture-vuggy reservoir models differ in at least one of the following aspects: fracture-vuggy scale, fracture-vuggy filling characteristics, and model geological parameters; Seismic forward modeling was performed using the constructed slot model to obtain the seismic response characteristics of the slot structure in the slot model, which were then used as feature data for the corresponding slot structure model. The data obtained from the forward seismic modeling were used to perform post-stack wave impedance inversion to obtain inversion result data, which was then used as the characteristic data of the corresponding slot structure.

3. The method for identifying a cavity storage group according to claim 2, characterized in that, The construction of the slit model includes: Based on the geological parameters of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified, the model geological parameters of each fracture-cavity model are determined.

4. The method for identifying a cavity storage group according to claim 2, characterized in that, After matching a preset fracture structure template to the fracture reservoir to be identified based on the seismic data and the inversion data of the fracture structure to be identified, the method further includes: If a match fails, or if there are at least two possible outcomes regarding the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified, based on the matched reservoir structure template, a new fracture and cavity model is constructed, and a new fracture and cavity structure template is obtained based on the new model, so that matching can be performed based on the new fracture and cavity structure template.

5. The method for identifying a cavity reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Each slot structure template includes feature data obtained from seismic forward modeling of a large-scale slot structure and feature data obtained from post-stack impedance inversion based on the seismic forward modeling data.

6. The method for identifying a cavity reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Each of the fracture-vuggy structure templates also includes reservoir structure analysis data, which includes geometric features reflecting the characteristics obtained from seismic forward modeling.

7. The method for identifying a cavity reservoir according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, After predicting the fracture-vuggy filling structure of the fractured-vuggy reservoir to be identified based on the matched reservoir structure template, the method further includes: Based on the fracture and cavity filling structure of the fractured and cavity reservoir to be identified, well locations are deployed and / or well trajectories are generated.

8. A device for identifying a collection of slit-hole containers, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire seismic data of the fracture-cavity reservoir to be identified and inversion data obtained based on the seismic data; The database module is used to acquire and maintain several reservoir structure templates with different filling characteristics of fractures and cavities. Each reservoir structure template includes feature data of fractures and cavities with the same filling characteristics obtained by seismic forward modeling and feature data obtained by post-stack impedance inversion. An identification module, connected to the acquisition module and the database module respectively, is used to match a preset fracture-vuggy reservoir structure template in the database module based on the seismic data and inversion data of the fracture-vuggy structure to be identified obtained by the acquisition module. Each fracture-vuggy reservoir structure template includes feature data obtained from seismic forward modeling of a fracture-vuggy structure and feature data obtained from post-stack impedance inversion based on the data obtained from seismic forward modeling. Furthermore, based on the matched reservoir structure template, the module predicts the fracture-vuggy filling structure of the fracture-vuggy reservoir to be identified.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as, A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the identification method for the cavity storage group as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for identifying the cavity storage group as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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