A method and apparatus for seismic physical modeling of a reservoir

Abstract

This application provides a method and apparatus for seismic physical simulation of reservoirs. The method includes: fabricating a corresponding reservoir physical model based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated; preparing an oil-water emulsion in a corresponding proportion based on the obtained oil saturation to be measured; immersing the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion and using a vacuum method to ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain a saturated reservoir physical model; encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model in an epoxy resin layer to form a seismic physical model; immersing the seismic physical model in a pre-set water tank and acquiring seismic experimental data; and selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data. This allows for the acquisition of seismic experimental data corresponding to different oil saturations in the reservoir, and further optimization of target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of earthquake physics simulation experimental technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for earthquake physics simulation of reservoirs. Background Technology

[0002] Oil saturation is a key indicator for assessing the abundance of oil in an oilfield reservoir and is crucial for estimating oil reserves. It not only determines the spatial distribution of oil and water within the reservoir but also provides a scientific basis for formulating oilfield development strategies, thereby improving recovery efficiency. In seismic exploration of oil reservoirs, predicting oil saturation is a core task. Commonly used prediction methods include mud coring, well logging data analysis, and seismic prediction methods, with seismic prediction methods being particularly prevalent.

[0003] Seismic prediction methods focus on analyzing the correlation between seismic attributes (such as amplitude, frequency, and phase) and oil saturation, and then constructing prediction models to predict reservoir oil saturation. Seismic forward modeling plays a crucial role in this process. By establishing numerical or physical models of reservoirs with different oil saturation levels, it simulates the propagation of seismic waves, reveals the laws governing the variation of seismic attributes with oil saturation, and provides theoretical support for the research of oil saturation prediction methods.

[0004] Numerical simulation, as an indirect simulation method, requires converting oil saturation into other physical parameters for simulation, as shown in Lu Hongmei's (2019) study, which achieves this conversion through fluid substitution equations. Physical simulation, on the other hand, follows the principle of scale factor, using specific materials to create miniaturized physical models of actual formations or oil and gas reservoirs in the laboratory, and employing ultrasonic testing to collect data. Its results are more realistic and reliable, and it has received considerable attention in recent years. Ji Min (2009) designed a physical model for pores in carbonate reservoirs based on their type, size, shape, and filling material variations. This model simulates different fluid reservoirs by directly drilling holes and filling them with gas, water, and oil. However, physical simulation of reservoirs with different oil saturations remains a gap.

[0005] In summary, how to conduct seismic physical simulations of reservoirs with different oil saturation levels to obtain more reliable seismic simulation data, and based on this, establish the relationship between oil saturation and seismic properties, and screen out characterization properties that are sensitive to oil saturation, is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method and apparatus for seismic physical simulation of reservoirs, which is used to perform direct physical simulation of reservoirs with different oil saturation levels to obtain more realistic and reliable seismic simulation data, and on this basis, establish the relationship between oil saturation and seismic properties.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs, comprising:

[0008] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0009] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0010] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0011] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0012] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0013] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0014] Optionally, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0015] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0016] Optionally, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0017] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0018] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0019] Optionally, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0020] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0021] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0022] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0023] Optionally, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0024] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0025] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0026] Optionally, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation can be screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0027] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0028] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0029] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a reservoir seismic physics simulation device, comprising:

[0031] The oil-water emulsion preparation module is used to prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested.

[0032] The model creation module is used to create corresponding reservoir physical models based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated.

[0033] The saturated model acquisition module is used to immerse the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion and, in combination with the vacuum method, ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0034] The seismic physical model forming module is used to encapsulate the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models.

[0035] The data acquisition module is used to immerse all the earthquake physical models in a pre-set water tank and collect earthquake experimental data.

[0036] The target attribute acquisition module is used to filter out target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data.

[0037] Optionally, it also includes:

[0038] The static setting module is used to statically set the earthquake physical model for a preset static setting time.

[0039] Optionally, the model creation module includes:

[0040] The material selection submodule is used to select the appropriate rock and mineral powders according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0041] The processing and fabrication submodule is used to process and fabricate the oil reservoir physical model based on the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0042] Optionally, the oil-water emulsion configuration module includes:

[0043] The crude oil determination submodule is used to select crude oil with a density less than a preset density threshold.

[0044] The proportion adjustment submodule is used to adjust the volume ratio of crude oil and water to multiple values ​​based on the oil saturation to be measured and the oil saturation calculation formula.

[0045] The oil-water emulsion preparation submodule is used to mix the crude oil and water in a container according to the volume ratio, and to prepare all the oil-water emulsions by combining with an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0046] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes:

[0047] The immersion submodule is used to immerse the earthquake physical model in the water tank respectively; the water level in the water tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0048] The data acquisition submodule is used to acquire earthquake experimental data of the earthquake physical model by placing the excitation probe and receiving probe of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system close to the water surface of the water tank.

[0049] Optionally, the target attribute acquisition module includes:

[0050] The analysis submodule is used to process and analyze the experimental seismic data to generate model structure imaging results;

[0051] The extraction submodule is used to extract seismic attributes from the model structure imaging results;

[0052] The filtering submodule is used to compare the characterization ability of the seismic attributes to oil saturation, and to filter out the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation based on the characterization ability.

[0053] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-readable instructions, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above are performed, including:

[0054] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0055] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0056] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0057] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0058] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0059] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0060] Optionally, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0061] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0062] Optionally, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0063] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0064] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0065] Optionally, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0066] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0067] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0068] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0069] Optionally, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0070] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0071] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0072] Optionally, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation can be screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0073] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0074] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0075] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0076] Fourthly, the present invention provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above, including:

[0077] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0078] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0079] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0080] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0081] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0082] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0083] Optionally, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0084] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0085] Optionally, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0086] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0087] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0088] Optionally, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0089] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0090] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0091] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0092] Optionally, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0093] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0094] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0095] Optionally, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation can be screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0096] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0097] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0098] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0099] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above, including:

[0100] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0101] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0102] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0103] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0104] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0105] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0106] Optionally, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0107] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0108] Optionally, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0109] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0110] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0111] Optionally, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0112] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0113] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0114] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0115] Optionally, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0116] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0117] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0118] Optionally, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation can be screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0119] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0120] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0121] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0122] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0123] This invention provides a method and apparatus for seismic physical simulation of reservoirs. The method includes: constructing a corresponding reservoir physical model based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated; preparing an oil-water emulsion in a corresponding proportion based on the obtained oil saturation to be measured; immersing the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion, and using a vacuum method to ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain a saturated reservoir physical model; encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model in an epoxy resin layer to form a seismic physical model; immersing the seismic physical model in a pre-set water tank and collecting seismic experimental data; and selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data. For different reservoir types to be simulated, reservoir physical models are established, and different proportions of oil-water mixtures are filled into the reservoir physical models. Seismic experimental data are then collected to obtain seismic experimental data corresponding to different oil saturations in the reservoir, thereby selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation, providing a new experimental means for seismic prediction research on oil saturation. Attached Figure Description

[0124] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0125] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a reservoir seismic physical simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0126] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a second embodiment of the seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to the present invention.

[0127] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a reservoir seismic physics simulation device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0128] This invention provides a method and apparatus for seismic physical simulation of reservoirs, used to perform direct physical simulation of reservoirs with different oil saturation levels, obtain more realistic and reliable seismic simulation data, and establish the relationship between oil saturation and seismic properties based on this data.

[0129] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0130] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a reservoir seismic physical simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes:

[0131] Step S101: Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation values ​​to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0132] According to the embodiments of this application, the corresponding oil and water ratio is calculated based on the obtained oil saturation value, and the oil and water are mixed according to the ratio, and a stable oil-water emulsion is formed by stirring or other means.

[0133] Step S102: Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, create the corresponding reservoir physical model;

[0134] According to the obtained reservoir type, this application selects appropriate materials, such as sandstone and carbonate rock, and creates a reservoir physical model according to the reservoir geometry and physical properties.

[0135] Step S103: Immerse the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion, and use a vacuum method to ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0136] In this embodiment, the prepared reservoir physical model is immersed in the corresponding oil-water emulsion, and then the immersed reservoir physical model is vacuumed so that the oil-water emulsion fills the cavity of the model under negative pressure.

[0137] Step S104: The saturated reservoir physical model is encapsulated in an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0138] In this embodiment, a saturated reservoir physical model is immersed in an epoxy resin layer to ensure that the exterior of the model is uniformly covered by resin. Then, the encapsulated model is placed under suitable temperature and humidity conditions to allow the epoxy resin to cure, thus obtaining a seismic physical model.

[0139] Step S105: Immerse all the earthquake physical models in the pre-set water tanks and collect earthquake experimental data.

[0140] In this embodiment, the packaged seismic physical models are immersed one by one in a water tank to ensure that the models are completely submerged and in a fixed position. Then, the seismic data acquisition equipment is activated, and reasonable acquisition parameters are set. Under the set conditions, seismic experimental data are acquired from each model using seismic instruments.

[0141] Step S106: Select target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation from the earthquake experimental data.

[0142] In the embodiments of this application, a sensitivity analysis is performed on each characterization attribute to evaluate its response characteristics to oil saturation. Then, based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation prediction are selected.

[0143] This invention provides a method for seismic physical simulation of reservoirs, comprising: constructing a corresponding reservoir physical model based on the acquired reservoir type to be simulated; preparing an oil-water emulsion in a corresponding proportion based on the acquired oil saturation to be measured; immersing the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion, and using a vacuum method to ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain a saturated reservoir physical model; encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model in an epoxy resin layer to form a seismic physical model; immersing the seismic physical model in a pre-set water tank and collecting seismic experimental data; and selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data. For different reservoir types to be simulated, reservoir physical models are established, and different proportions of oil-water mixtures are filled into the reservoir physical models. Seismic experimental data are then collected to obtain seismic experimental data corresponding to different oil saturations in the reservoir, thereby selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation, providing a new experimental method for seismic prediction research on oil saturation.

[0144] Example 2, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a second embodiment of the seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to the present invention. The steps include:

[0145] Step S201: Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation values ​​to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0146] In this embodiment, crude oil with a density less than a preset density threshold is selected; based on the oil saturation to be measured and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of crude oil and water are adjusted to obtain; the crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the volume ratio, and all the oil-water emulsions are prepared by combining an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0147] In practice, light or medium-quality crude oil with a density less than 0.9 g / cm³ is selected to prepare the oil-water emulsion. The formula for calculating oil saturation is: Oil saturation So = Crude oil volume Vo / (Crude oil volume Vo + Water volume Vw).

[0148] Step S202: Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0149] Step S203: Based on the rock and mineral powder, the oil reservoir physical model is obtained by processing and manufacturing the powder using an epoxy resin cementing powder pressing method.

[0150] In practice, the reservoir physical model is fabricated according to the design drawings by using epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing.

[0151] Step S204: Immerse the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion, and use a vacuum method to ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0152] In this embodiment of the application, the reservoir physical model is immersed in an oil-water emulsion and vacuum is used to saturate the model with the oil-water emulsion, and the vacuuming time should be less than 10 minutes.

[0153] Step S205: The saturated reservoir physical model is encapsulated in an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0154] In this embodiment, after wiping away the residual oil-water emulsion on the surface of the saturated reservoir physical model, it is poured into the epoxy resin layer to achieve encapsulation.

[0155] Step S206: Set the earthquake physical model in place for a preset settling time.

[0156] In this embodiment of the application, the settling time is 48 hours.

[0157] Step S207: Immerse the earthquake physical model in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the physical model.

[0158] In this embodiment of the application, the water level is at least 1 cm higher than that of the earthquake physical model.

[0159] Step S208: Using the excitation probe and receiving probe of the three-coordinate seismic physical simulation data acquisition system, which are placed close to the water surface of the water tank, the seismic experimental data of the seismic physical model is acquired.

[0160] In this embodiment, an ultrasonic excitation device of a coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system is used to excite the seismic physics model by placing the excitation probe close to the water surface of a water tank. Then, a receiving probe is placed close to the water surface of the tank to acquire seismic experimental data. This arrangement effectively reduces interference from multiple waves and other noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of the acquired data.

[0161] In addition, during the acquisition of experimental seismic data, the observation system can be configured as a variety of seismic observation systems, such as fixed offset observation, two-dimensional seismic observation, and three-dimensional seismic observation, to suit different research needs.

[0162] Step S209: Process and analyze the experimental seismic data to generate model structure imaging results;

[0163] Step S210: Extract seismic attributes from the model structure imaging results;

[0164] Step S211: Compare the characterization ability of the seismic attributes to oil saturation, and select the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation based on the characterization ability.

[0165] In this embodiment of the application, the collected experimental seismic data is processed and analyzed to form model structure imaging results. Various seismic attributes are extracted from the model structure imaging results, and the differences in the characterization of oil saturation by different seismic attributes are compared. Finally, the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected.

[0166] This invention discloses a seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs, comprising: fabricating a corresponding reservoir physical model based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated; preparing an oil-water emulsion in a corresponding proportion based on the obtained oil saturation to be measured; immersing the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion and, using a vacuum method, ensuring that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain a saturated reservoir physical model; encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model in an epoxy resin layer to form a seismic physical model; immersing the seismic physical model in a pre-set water tank and acquiring seismic experimental data; and selecting target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data. For different reservoir types to be simulated, reservoir physical models are established, and oil-water mixtures of different proportions are filled into the reservoir physical models. Seismic experimental data are then acquired to obtain seismic experimental data corresponding to different oil saturation levels in the reservoir. The experimental seismic data are then processed and analyzed to form model structure imaging results. Target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation are extracted from the model structure imaging results to improve the accuracy and reliability of oil saturation prediction, providing a new experimental method for seismic prediction research on oil saturation.

[0167] Example 3, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a reservoir seismic physics simulation device according to the present invention. The device includes:

[0168] The oil-water emulsion preparation module 301 is used to prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested.

[0169] The model creation module 302 is used to create a corresponding reservoir physical model based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated.

[0170] The saturated model acquisition module 303 is used to immerse the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion and, in combination with the vacuum method, ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled by the oil-water emulsion to obtain multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0171] The seismic physical model forming module 304 is used to encapsulate the saturated reservoir physical model in an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models.

[0172] The data acquisition module 305 is used to immerse all the earthquake physical models in a pre-set water tank and collect earthquake experimental data.

[0173] The target attribute acquisition module 306 is used to filter out target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data.

[0174] In an optional embodiment, it further includes:

[0175] The static setting module is used to statically set the earthquake physical model for a preset static setting time.

[0176] In an optional embodiment, the model creation module 302 includes:

[0177] The material selection submodule is used to select the appropriate rock and mineral powders according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0178] The processing and fabrication submodule is used to process and fabricate the oil reservoir physical model based on the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0179] In an optional embodiment, the oil-water emulsion preparation module 301 includes:

[0180] The crude oil determination submodule is used to select crude oil with a density less than a preset density threshold.

[0181] The proportion adjustment submodule is used to adjust the volume ratio of crude oil and water to multiple values ​​based on the oil saturation to be measured and the oil saturation calculation formula.

[0182] The oil-water emulsion preparation submodule is used to mix the crude oil and water in a container according to the volume ratio, and to prepare all the oil-water emulsions by combining with an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0183] In an optional embodiment, the data acquisition module 305 includes:

[0184] The immersion submodule is used to immerse the earthquake physical model in the water tank respectively; the water level in the water tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0185] The data acquisition submodule is used to acquire earthquake experimental data of the earthquake physical model by placing the excitation probe and receiving probe of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system close to the water surface of the water tank.

[0186] In an optional embodiment, the target attribute acquisition module 306 includes:

[0187] The analysis submodule is used to process and analyze the experimental seismic data to generate model structure imaging results;

[0188] The extraction submodule is used to extract seismic attributes from the model structure imaging results;

[0189] The filtering submodule is used to compare the characterization ability of the seismic attributes to oil saturation, and to filter out the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation based on the characterization ability.

[0190] Example 4: This embodiment of the invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it causes the processor to perform the steps of a seismic physical simulation method for a reservoir according to any embodiment, including:

[0191] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0192] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0193] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0194] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0195] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0196] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0197] In an optional embodiment, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0198] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0199] In an optional embodiment, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0200] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0201] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0202] In one optional embodiment, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be measured, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0203] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0204] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0205] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0206] In one optional embodiment, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0207] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0208] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0209] In an optional embodiment, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation are screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0210] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0211] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0212] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0213] Example 5: This embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of a seismic physical simulation method for a reservoir according to any embodiment, including:

[0214] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0215] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0216] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0217] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0218] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0219] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0220] In an optional embodiment, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0221] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0222] In an optional embodiment, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0223] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0224] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0225] In one optional embodiment, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be measured, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0226] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0227] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0228] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0229] In one optional embodiment, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0230] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0231] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0232] In an optional embodiment, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation are screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0233] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0234] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0235] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0236] Example 6: This embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program product, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of a seismic physical simulation method for a reservoir according to any embodiment, including:

[0237] Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions;

[0238] Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created;

[0239] The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models.

[0240] The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models;

[0241] All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected.

[0242] From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

[0243] In an optional embodiment, after encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the method further includes:

[0244] The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

[0245] In an optional embodiment, based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including:

[0246] Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated;

[0247] The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

[0248] In one optional embodiment, based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be measured, various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions are prepared, including:

[0249] Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold;

[0250] Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment.

[0251] The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

[0252] In one optional embodiment, all the earthquake physical models are immersed in a pre-set water tank, and earthquake experimental data are acquired, including:

[0253] The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model.

[0254] The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

[0255] In an optional embodiment, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation are screened from the seismic experimental data, including:

[0256] The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure;

[0257] Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results;

[0258] The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

[0259] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0260] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the methods, apparatuses, electronic devices, and storage media disclosed in this invention can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0261] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0262] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0263] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a readable storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned readable storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0264] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs, characterized in that, include: Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions; Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created; The reservoir physical model was immersed in the oil-water emulsion, and a vacuum method was used to ensure that the reservoir physical model was fully filled with the oil-water emulsion, thus obtaining multiple saturated reservoir physical models. The saturated reservoir physical model was encapsulated within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models; All the earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected. From the earthquake experimental data, target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation were selected.

2. The seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that, After encapsulating the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models, the process further includes: The earthquake physical model is left to stand for a preset settling time.

3. The seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated, a corresponding reservoir physical model is created, including: Select the appropriate rock and mineral powder according to the obtained reservoir type to be simulated; The reservoir physical model is obtained by processing the rock and mineral powder using an epoxy resin-bonded powder pressing method.

4. The seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested, various oil-water emulsions with corresponding proportions were prepared, including: Select crude oil with a density lower than a preset density threshold; Based on the oil saturation to be measured, and combined with the oil saturation calculation formula, multiple volume ratios of the crude oil and water are obtained by adjustment. The crude oil and water are mixed in a container according to the stated volume ratio, and the oil-water emulsion is prepared using an ultrasonic emulsifier.

5. The seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that, All the aforementioned earthquake physical models were immersed in pre-set water tanks, and earthquake experimental data were collected, including: The earthquake physical model is immersed in the water tank; the water level in the tank is higher than a preset height threshold of the earthquake physical model. The excitation and receiving probes of the three-coordinate seismic physics simulation data acquisition system are placed close to the water surface of the water tank to acquire the seismic experimental data of the seismic physics model.

6. The seismic physical simulation method for reservoirs according to claim 1, characterized in that, From the aforementioned seismic experimental data, target characterization attributes sensitive to oil saturation were selected, including: The experimental seismic data are processed and analyzed to generate imaging results of the model structure; Extracting seismic attributes from model structural imaging results; The seismic attributes are compared to assess their ability to characterize oil saturation, and the target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation are selected based on these characterization abilities.

7. A seismic physics simulation device for reservoirs, characterized in that, include: The oil-water emulsion preparation module is used to prepare various oil-water emulsions in corresponding proportions based on the obtained multiple oil saturation levels to be tested. The model creation module is used to create corresponding reservoir physical models based on the obtained reservoir type to be simulated. The saturated model acquisition module is used to immerse the reservoir physical model in the oil-water emulsion and, in combination with the vacuum method, ensure that the reservoir physical model is fully filled with the oil-water emulsion to obtain multiple saturated reservoir physical models. The seismic physical model forming module is used to encapsulate the saturated reservoir physical model within an epoxy resin layer to obtain multiple seismic physical models. The data acquisition module is used to immerse all the earthquake physical models in a pre-set water tank and collect earthquake experimental data. The target attribute acquisition module is used to filter out target characterization attributes that are sensitive to oil saturation from the seismic experimental data.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1-6.

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