An Ansys Workbench-based numerical simulation method for temperature field of airplane wheel brake

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of thermal simulation technology for aircraft braking systems, specifically to a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on Ansys Workbench. The method includes constructing a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system; defining the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component based on the three-dimensional geometric model and the operating conditions of the aircraft wheel brakes; writing APDL code based on the operating conditions of aircraft taxiing, takeoff, and landing, and the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component; setting boundary conditions according to typical braking conditions; simulating the braking conditions based on the written APDL code using the boundary conditions; and obtaining the temperature field distribution through transient thermal analysis. This invention, through the synergistic application of APDL command stream embedding and parametric analysis techniques, significantly improves the simulation model's responsiveness and predictive reliability in complex braking environments, providing important technical support for the thermal management design, life assessment, and structural optimization of aircraft braking systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal simulation technology for aircraft braking systems, specifically to a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on AnsysWorkbench. Background Technology

[0002] The aircraft wheel braking system is a core component for safe aircraft landing, and its performance directly affects flight safety, operational efficiency, and maintenance costs. During landing, the braking system converts enormous kinetic energy into heat energy through friction, causing the brake disc temperature to rise rapidly within a very short time, reaching hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius. This transient high-temperature environment places higher demands on the performance and structure of the braking materials. Excessively high temperatures can cause material thermal degradation, reducing the coefficient of friction and affecting braking efficiency. At the same time, uneven temperature distribution can lead to thermal stress concentration, which can induce cracks, deformation, or even structural failure, potentially causing safety accidents in severe cases.

[0003] As the aviation industry develops, aircraft are evolving towards greater payload and higher speeds. Larger aircraft, such as the A380 commercial airliner, require higher braking energy. Temperature control in their design still relies on experimental testing and empirical formulas, such as measuring the brake disc temperature field through bench tests. However, experimental methods are costly, time-consuming, and difficult to cover all extreme conditions (such as emergency braking and wet runways). Furthermore, experimental measurements are typically limited to a finite number of measurement points, failing to comprehensively reflect the temperature distribution and thermal behavior of the entire brake disc.

[0004] Finite element method (FEM) simulation, as a mature simulation method, can simulate complex physical processes, including heat conduction, convection heat transfer, and thermo-structural coupling. Compared with traditional methods, numerical simulation has advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and strong repeatability, and can predict potential risks and optimize designs. Simulation can identify hot spots in brake discs in advance, guiding material selection or structural improvements, thereby increasing the reliability and service life of the braking system. However, existing simulation methods simplify material nonlinear behavior or have inaccurate boundary condition settings, leading to prediction biases. Furthermore, dedicated simulation workflows for aircraft wheel brakes are still incomplete, lacking systematic integrated analysis of the temperature field.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a comprehensive numerical simulation method based on AnsysWorkbench, aiming to fill these gaps and provide reliable support for the design and optimization of aircraft braking systems through high-fidelity models and detailed operating condition analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technologies, this invention provides a numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature fields based on Ansys Workbench. It aims to address the problems of insufficient accuracy and poor adaptability in existing technologies. This method uses APDL command streams to write simulation conditions, accurately simulating the temperature field distribution, temperature change curves, and heat dissipation process during braking, providing data support for brake material selection, structural optimization, and life prediction. The advantages of this invention include: high simulation accuracy, ability to simulate complex conditions, reduced experimental costs, and improved design efficiency.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on AnsysWorkbench, characterized by comprising: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes wheel assemblies and brake disc assemblies; Based on a three-dimensional geometric model, the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component are defined according to the working conditions of aircraft wheel brakes. Based on the aircraft's taxiing, takeoff, and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component, APDL codes are written; among them, APDL codes can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. Set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; The braking condition was simulated using APDL code based on boundary conditions, and the temperature field distribution was obtained through transient thermal analysis.

[0008] In one embodiment, the three-dimensional geometric model is constructed by using CATIA software to complete the three-dimensional modeling and assembly of the wheel assembly and brake disc assembly, and is constructed using a parametric modeling method.

[0009] In one embodiment, the aircraft wheel brake operates under conditions including high temperature and wear resistance; the brake disc is made of carbon / carbon composite material or steel.

[0010] In one embodiment, the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component are defined, including: geometrically, the brake disc profile and heat sink size details are precisely set using SpaceClaim; in terms of materials, anisotropy is considered, and user-defined material models are supported to simulate nonlinear characteristics; in terms of contact, frictional contact algorithms and friction coefficients are defined based on surface contact theory.

[0011] In one embodiment, when the written APDL code is used for simulation, complex start-stop conditions and nonlinear boundary conditions are handled through APDL command streams, and the solution code is written using adaptive mesh technology and convergence control strategy.

[0012] In one embodiment, the boundary conditions include: setting an initial ambient temperature, 50-100 W / (m²)2 The convective heat transfer coefficient of K) and the time-dependent load step.

[0013] In one embodiment, the method further includes: establishing a parameterized analysis process and analyzing the temperature field variation patterns under different operating conditions based on the temperature field distribution.

[0014] The second objective of this invention is to provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on AnsysWorkbench.

[0015] A third objective of this invention is to provide an electronic device comprising: Processor; and Memory for storing the executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute a numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench by executing the executable instructions.

[0016] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a system for numerical simulation of aircraft wheel brake temperature fields based on AnsysWorkbench, comprising: The model building module is used to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes the wheel assembly and the brake disc assembly. Based on the three-dimensional geometric model, the geometry, materials and contact relationships of each component are defined according to the working conditions of the aircraft wheel brake. The code writing module is used to write APDL code based on the aircraft's taxiing or takeoff and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component; among them, the APDL code can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. The temperature field simulation module is used to set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; based on the boundary conditions, the braking conditions are simulated using written APDL code, and the temperature field distribution is obtained through transient thermal analysis.

[0017] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature fields based on Ansys Workbench. This method integrates APDL command streams with the Workbench graphical interface to achieve accurate simulation of complex operating conditions. It employs advanced contact algorithms and material models to improve simulation accuracy. The complete parametric analysis process provides a scientific basis for the optimized design of braking systems. Compared with traditional methods, this invention can more accurately predict the temperature field distribution during braking, providing reliable technical support for the design and optimization of aircraft braking systems. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of the high-precision numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on Ansys Workbench provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a preprocessing model for SpaceClaim. Figure 3 The specific heat temperature curve of the C / C composite material; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh generation for the thermal simulation model of the wheel braking system. Figure 5 This is APDL code; Figure 6 Temperature profile of the wheel brake system; Figure 7 This is a cloud map showing the temperature distribution of the wheel brakes. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional cloud map showing the temperature distribution of the wheel brakes. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In order to illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-precision numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature fields based on Ansys Workbench. This method includes: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system and defining the thermophysical parameters and contact relationships of each component material; setting thermo-mechanical boundary conditions corresponding to actual braking conditions through APDL command flow, and performing transient thermal analysis to simulate frictional heat generation and heat transfer behavior during braking; extracting transient temperature field data from key areas such as the brake disc and brake pads, and systematically studying the influence of different braking pressures, initial speeds, and material properties on temperature distribution based on parametric analysis. This method can accurately predict the dynamic changes in the temperature field and the distribution of high-temperature regions during braking, effectively solving the shortcomings of traditional thermal simulation methods in terms of simulation accuracy and adaptability to operating conditions. Compared with existing technologies, this invention, through the synergistic application of APDL command flow embedding and parametric analysis technology, significantly improves the simulation model's response capability and predictive reliability to complex braking environments, providing important technical support for the thermal management design, life assessment, and structural optimization of aircraft braking systems.

[0021] This invention provides a method for accurately simulating and predicting the temperature field distribution during aircraft wheel braking using finite element analysis technology.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, see Figure 1 As shown, a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on AnsysWorkbench includes: S1. Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes the wheel assembly and the brake disc assembly; The three-dimensional geometric model is constructed by using CATIA software to create and assemble the wheel assembly and brake disc assembly using a parametric modeling method.

[0023] In this embodiment, the braking system model is established based on the actual dimensions of the aircraft braking device, and a parametric modeling method is used to facilitate subsequent optimization design and analysis. Material properties are obtained by fitting experimental data to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. S2. Based on the three-dimensional geometric model, define the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component according to the working conditions of the aircraft wheel brakes; Aircraft wheel brakes operate under conditions including high temperature and wear resistance; brake discs are made of carbon / carbon composite materials or steel to balance high temperature strength and wear resistance.

[0024] Define the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component, including: in terms of geometry, accurately setting the brake disc profile and heat sink size details through SpaceClaim; in terms of materials, considering anisotropy and supporting user-defined material models to achieve nonlinear characteristic simulation; and in terms of contact, defining the friction contact algorithm and friction coefficient based on surface contact theory.

[0025] In this embodiment, the geometry of the brake disc directly affects heat distribution, requiring precise setting of details such as contour and heat sink size. In Workbench, the geometry is defined using SpaceClaim, and materials are assigned. Material distribution should consider anisotropy, such as the layered structure of carbon / carbon composite materials. Simultaneously, contact areas are established, such as the frictional contact between the moving and stationary brake disc surfaces, to simulate heat generation.

[0026] The contact relationship is defined using a frictional contact algorithm based on surface contact theory, defining the surface friction coefficient to accurately simulate the frictional heat generation and heat transfer behavior during braking. Material nonlinear properties are implemented through a user-defined material model.

[0027] S3. Based on the aircraft's taxiing, takeoff, and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component, write APDL codes; among them, APDL codes can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. This invention achieves precise control of complex boundary conditions through APDL command flow, enabling the writing of complex start-stop conditions and the handling of nonlinear boundary conditions, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of simulation models. The solution code, written in APDL, employs adaptive mesh technology and convergence control strategies to ensure computational efficiency and accuracy of results.

[0028] S4. Set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; Boundary conditions include: setting the initial ambient temperature, 50-100 W / (m²). 2 The convective heat transfer coefficient of K) and the time-dependent load step.

[0029] In this embodiment, typical braking conditions are considered, such as an initial temperature of ambient temperature (20°C) and a convective heat transfer coefficient of 50-100 W / (m²·K) to simulate cooling during flight. In the Transient Thermal module, time-dependent load steps are applied to simulate the braking duration.

[0030] This invention defines complex boundary conditions, including varying braking pressure and convective heat transfer conditions, through APDL command streams. S5. Based on boundary conditions, the braking condition is simulated using APDL code, and the temperature field distribution is obtained through transient thermal analysis.

[0031] When performing simulations, the APDL code we wrote handles complex start-stop conditions and nonlinear boundary conditions through the APDL command stream, and we use adaptive mesh technology and convergence control strategies to write the solution code.

[0032] Adaptive time step control is used during the solution process to ensure computational stability and accuracy.

[0033] This invention also includes: establishing a parametric analysis process and analyzing the temperature field variation patterns under different operating conditions based on the temperature field distribution. By establishing a complete parametric analysis process, and through design exploration and optimization analysis, the influence of various design parameters on the thermal performance of the braking system is systematically studied, providing scientific guidance for product optimization.

[0034] This invention primarily focuses on temperature field distribution, extracting temperature data from key components, including maximum temperature, temperature gradient, and temperature-time history. Parametric studies are then conducted to analyze the temperature field variation patterns under different operating conditions. These parametric studies include the analysis of the influence of multiple parameters such as braking pressure and initial velocity. Response surface methodology is used to investigate the sensitivity of design parameters, providing a basis for optimized design.

[0035] To further illustrate the numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench provided by this invention, it is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] This embodiment takes the main landing gear braking system of a certain type of passenger aircraft as the research object. The brake disc has a diameter of 400mm and is made of carbon / carbon composite material.

[0037] S1. Model Building and Material Definition: Create an accurate 3D braking system model in CATIA. See also... Figure 2As shown, the geometric modeling of key components such as brake discs, brake pads, and clamping discs is created using the SpaceClaim module. Special attention is paid to small faces and redundant edges generated during modeling that affect model calculations and mesh generation. See [link to documentation]. Figure 3 As shown, the material properties are set based on experimental data. The thermal conductivity of the carbon / carbon composite material is 45 W / (m·K) at 20℃ and decreases to 25 W / (m·K) at 800℃; the specific heat capacity increases from 710 J / (kg·K) at 20℃ to 1250 J / (kg·K) at 800℃.

[0038] S2. Contact Relationships and Mesh Generation: The contact relationships between components are defined in the Model module. The frictional contact between the brake disc and brake pads uses an enhanced Lagrangian algorithm, with a friction coefficient set to 0.35. Mesh generation employs a hexahedral-dominant strategy, refining the mesh in the contact area and regions with large temperature gradients, achieving a minimum mesh size of 0.5 mm to ensure computational accuracy. See [link to mesh details] for more information. Figure 4 As shown.

[0039] S3, Boundary Condition Settings: See [link] Figure 5 The complete boundary conditions are defined via the APDL command flow as shown in Table 1. The braking energy load is set according to actual operating conditions, and the deceleration time is set based on the deceleration rate and initial velocity. The ambient temperature is set to 20℃, and the convective heat transfer coefficient is set to vary within the range of 50-100 W / (m²·K) based on actual flight conditions. The initial conditions consider the system's temperature state before braking and are set as a uniform temperature field.

[0040] Table 1 APDL Codes

[0041] S4. Solution and Result Analysis: See [link / reference] Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a transient thermal analysis method was used for the solution. The time step was dynamically adjusted using APDL. During the heating process, a small time step was used when the temperature was above 800°C to ensure the accuracy of the peak temperature. During the cooling process, a small time step was set when the temperature was below 400°C to improve the accuracy of the minimum temperature. The total calculation time was set and adjusted to be unlimited based on the braking efficiency. The calculation ended when the temperature dropped below 300°C. Automatic time step control was used during the solution process to ensure computational stability and efficiency. Temperature field distribution data was extracted through the post-processing module. Analysis showed that the highest temperature on the brake disc surface reached 960°C, the temperature gradient distribution was reasonable, and the hot spots were mainly concentrated in the friction contact area.

[0042] Parametric Study: Parametric analysis was conducted using the DesignXplorer module to investigate the effects of parameters such as braking pressure, initial velocity, and material thickness on the temperature field. A response surface model was established to analyze the sensitivity of each parameter, providing data support for the optimized design of the braking system.

[0043] This invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on AnsysWorkbench.

[0044] This invention provides an electronic device, comprising: Processor; and Memory for storing the executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute a numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench by executing the executable instructions.

[0045] This invention provides a system for numerical simulation of aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench, comprising: The model building module is used to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes the wheel assembly and the brake disc assembly. Based on the three-dimensional geometric model, the geometry, materials and contact relationships of each component are defined according to the working conditions of the aircraft wheel brake. The code writing module is used to write APDL code based on the aircraft's taxiing or takeoff and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component; among them, the APDL code can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. The temperature field simulation module is used to set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; based on the boundary conditions, it simulates the braking conditions using written APDL code, and obtains the temperature field distribution through transient thermal analysis. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A numerical simulation method for the temperature field of aircraft wheel brakes based on Ansys Workbench, characterized in that, include: Construct a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes wheel assemblies and brake disc assemblies; Based on a three-dimensional geometric model, the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component are defined according to the working conditions of aircraft wheel brakes. Based on the aircraft's taxiing, takeoff, and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component, APDL codes are written; among them, APDL codes can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. Set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; The braking condition was simulated using APDL code based on boundary conditions, and the temperature field distribution was obtained through transient thermal analysis.

2. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional geometric model was constructed using CATIA software to create and assemble the wheel assembly and brake disc assembly, employing a parametric modeling approach.

3. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, Aircraft wheel brakes operate under conditions including high temperature and wear resistance; brake discs are made of carbon / carbon composite materials or steel.

4. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on Ansys Workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, Define the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component, including: in terms of geometry, accurately setting the brake disc profile and heat sink size details through SpaceClaim; in terms of materials, considering anisotropy and supporting user-defined material models to achieve nonlinear characteristic simulation; and in terms of contact, defining the friction contact algorithm and friction coefficient based on surface contact theory.

5. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, When performing simulations, the APDL code we wrote handles complex start-stop conditions and nonlinear boundary conditions through the APDL command stream, and we use adaptive mesh technology and convergence control strategies to write the solution code.

6. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, Boundary conditions include: setting initial ambient temperature, convective heat transfer coefficient of 50-100 W / (m 2 ·K), time-dependent load steps.

7. The numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A parameterized analysis process was established, and the temperature field variation patterns under different operating conditions were analyzed based on the temperature field distribution.

8. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; as well as Memory for storing the executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the numerical simulation method for aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 by executing the executable instructions.

10. A system for the numerical simulation method of aircraft wheel brake temperature field based on AnsysWorkbench as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The model building module is used to build a three-dimensional geometric model of the braking system, which includes wheel components and brake disc components. Based on a three-dimensional geometric model, the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component are defined according to the working conditions of aircraft wheel brakes. The code writing module is used to write APDL code based on the aircraft's taxiing or takeoff and landing conditions, as well as the geometry, materials, and contact relationships of each component; among them, the APDL code can accurately reproduce various braking conditions in actual aircraft operation. The temperature field simulation module is used to set boundary conditions based on typical braking conditions; based on the boundary conditions, the braking conditions are simulated using written APDL code, and the temperature field distribution is obtained through transient thermal analysis.

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