An additive for improving survival rate of long-distance transportation of yellow catfish and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This application relates to the field of aquatic product logistics technology, and more particularly to an additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation and its preparation method. An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation comprises the following raw materials: 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial preparation, 2-3 parts of glucose, 0.5-1 parts of compound vitamins, 3-5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.2-0.4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 91-95 parts of deionized water. The additive of this application, through the synergistic effect of microbial preparation, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine extract, improves hypoxia, improves water quality, enhances the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, significantly increases the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, effectively solves the problem of low survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, and can be widely used in the logistics and distribution of yellow catfish.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of aquatic product logistics technology, and in particular to an additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the survival rate of aquatic products, especially freshwater fish like yellow catfish, is generally low during long-distance transportation due to factors such as water quality changes, oxygen deficiency, and disease. While existing additives can alleviate this situation to some extent, their effectiveness is limited, and some additives may introduce residual substances, posing a potential threat to food safety. The high mortality rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation urgently needs to be addressed, especially given the lack of effective methods to stabilize water quality, replenish oxygen, and enhance the fish's resistance in extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides an additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation and its preparation method. The additive prepared in this application, when used to feed yellow catfish, improves oxygen levels and water quality through the synergistic effect of microbial agents, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine extracts. This enhances the immunity and stress resistance of the yellow catfish, significantly increasing their survival rate during long-distance transportation. This effectively solves the problem of low survival rates during long-distance transport and can be widely applied in the logistics and distribution of yellow catfish, especially suitable for long-distance transportation operations, effectively ensuring the freshness of the fish and reducing economic losses. Furthermore, by replacing the excessive use of antibiotics with a green additive, the potential risks to the ecological environment and human health are reduced.

[0004] In the first aspect, this application provides an additive to improve the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, employing the following technical solution: An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial preparation, 2-3 parts of glucose, 0.5-1 parts of compound vitamins, 3-5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.2-0.4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 91-95 parts of deionized water.

[0005] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, microbial preparations, such as Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, improve the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and serum non-specific immune activity of yellow catfish, enhancing their resistance to Edwardsiella tarda infection and thus increasing their survival rate. Parabacterium tumefaciens LCG-06 significantly increases the recovery of intestinal health in yellow catfish, thereby protecting the liver and gallbladder and repairing liver and gallbladder damage. It also has significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effects, and can enhance the constitution and stress resistance of yellow catfish, thus improving their survival rate. Lactobacillus rhamnosus improves the digestive and absorptive capacity of the intestines of juvenile yellow catfish, promotes intestinal development, improves intestinal health, promotes growth, and thus increases their survival rate. Glucose provides necessary energy and enhances the fish's immunity. Complex vitamins, such as vitamin C, act as antioxidants and immune enhancers, promoting cell growth, scavenging excess free radicals within cells, increasing intracellular glutathione peroxidase activity, and improving the body's ability to resist oxidative stress. Vitamin E maintains fish meat quality, boosts immunity, prevents cell hemolysis, and acts as a fat-soluble antioxidant to scavenge oxygen free radicals and terminate lipid peroxidation. Folic acid promotes growth and enhances immunity. pH regulators (such as calcium oxide) adjust water pH, maintain suitable alkalinity, and improve the aquatic environment. 5-Aminolevulinic acid improves hypoxia and enhances the stress resistance of yellow catfish. Traditional Chinese medicine extracts enhance the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, strengthen antiviral capabilities, avoid antibiotic use, prevent disease, and improve survival rates. The combined effects of Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, Parabacterium difficile LCG-06, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in microbial preparations improve the microecological balance of the water, promote intestinal health, enhance immunity, and reduce pathogen infection. Microbial preparations, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine extracts work together to improve hypoxia, enhance the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, and strengthen their resistance to various adverse conditions during long-distance transportation. The pH adjuster (calcium oxide) maintains suitable water alkalinity, further improving water quality and providing a more suitable living environment for yellow catfish. Through the synergistic effect of the above components, this additive can significantly improve the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, ensuring the freshness of the fish, reducing economic losses, and at the same time reducing potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0006] Preferably, the microbial preparation is composed of a suspension of *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1, a suspension of *Parabacterium difficile* LCG-06, and a suspension of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* in a mass ratio of 3:5:4. Specifically, the *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1 suspension is prepared from *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1 with accession number CCTCC NO: M2023685; the *Parabacterium difficile* LCG-06 suspension is prepared from *Parabacterium difficile* LCG-06 with accession number CGMCC NO: 20820; and the *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* is prepared from *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* with accession number CGMCC NO: 1.12734.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solutions, *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1: This bacterium has strong safety and can improve the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, serum non-specific immune activity, and resistance to *Edwards tarda* infection in yellow catfish. This means it can help yellow catfish digest food better while improving their immunity and disease resistance. *Pseudomonas diffusa* LCG-06: This bacterium can significantly increase the recovery of intestinal health in yellow catfish, protect the liver and gallbladder, and repair liver and gallbladder damage. It also has significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effects, which can enhance the constitution and stress resistance of yellow catfish. *Lactobacillus rhamnosus*: This bacterium can improve the digestive and absorptive capacity of the intestines of juvenile yellow catfish, promote intestinal development, improve intestinal health, and promote growth. This is crucial for improving the survival rate and overall health of yellow catfish. The synergistic effect of these three microbial preparations in the additive is reflected in their joint improvement of the intestinal health and immune system function of yellow catfish. Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1 enhances digestive enzyme activity and immunity, Parabacterium difficile LCG-06 strengthens gut health and stress resistance, while Lactobacillus rhamnosus promotes intestinal development and improves digestion and absorption. These synergistic effects work together to improve the physiological functions of yellow catfish, increasing their survival rate during long-distance transportation. Simultaneously, the use of this additive avoids the overuse of antibiotics, reducing potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0008] Preferably, the bacterial content of the Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1 suspension is 1×10⁻⁶. 8 -2×10 9 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the *Pseudomonas dignitaria* LCG-06 suspension was 3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 -2×10 10 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension was 1×10⁻⁶. 9 -5×10 10 CFU / mL.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to 5-aminolevulinic acid is 1:1.

[0010] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, the *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1, *Parabacterium dichotoma* LCG-06, and *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* in the microbial preparations each possess the ability to improve the growth performance of yellow catfish, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, serum non-specific immune activity, and resistance to *Edwardsiella tarda* infection. These microbial preparations help improve the microecological balance of the water, enhance the fish's immunity and stress resistance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) can scavenge free radicals and terminate lipid peroxidation. During the transportation of yellow catfish, this substance helps protect fish cells from oxidative stress. When the mass ratio of microbial preparations to 5-ALA is 1:1, the two can work synergistically to improve hypoxia, improve water quality, and jointly enhance the immunity and oxidative stress resistance of yellow catfish. The microbial preparations improve the fish's resistance by improving the microecological balance and enhancing the immune response; while 5-ALA improves hypoxia and protects fish cells from oxidative damage through its antioxidant effect. This synergistic effect helps improve the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation. In summary, when the mass ratio of microbial preparation to 5-aminolevulinic acid is 1:1, the synergistic effect can effectively improve the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, while reducing cell damage caused by oxidative stress, thereby improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0011] Preferably, the herbal extract comprises, by mass parts, the following raw materials: 10-13 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 17-20 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 12-13 parts of Polygonum cuspidatum, 18-20 parts of Marigold, 7-9 parts of Lonicera japonica, 7-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 150-180 parts of water.

[0012] Preferably, the method for preparing the herbal extract is as follows: according to the mass proportions, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Marigold, Lonicera japonica, Poria cocos and water are mixed and decocted for 4-5 hours under the assistance of ultrasound, and the filtrate obtained by filtration is the herbal extract.

[0013] By employing the above-mentioned technical solutions, multiple components in the herbal extracts can enhance the immunity of yellow catfish. For example, Scutellaria baicalensis has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial; Glycyrrhiza uralensis has the effects of harmonizing medicinal properties, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory; Polygonum cuspidatum has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; Lonicera japonica has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory. These components work together to enhance the non-specific immune response of yellow catfish. During long-distance transportation, yellow catfish may encounter various stress responses, such as temperature changes and water quality changes. Components in the herbal extracts can help yellow catfish resist these stress responses and improve their ability to adapt to environmental changes. Marigold and Lonicera japonica both have antiviral effects. These components can help yellow catfish resist viral infections and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The intestine is one of the main immune organs of fish. Components in the herbal extracts can improve intestinal health, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine, and thus improve the overall health of yellow catfish. Components in traditional Chinese medicine extracts, such as licorice and honeysuckle, have antioxidant properties, which can help yellow catfish eliminate free radicals and reduce oxidative stress damage. In summary, the role of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in additives is multifaceted. They can not only improve the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, but also improve gut health and antioxidant capacity, thereby increasing the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation. Furthermore, the use of traditional Chinese medicine extracts instead of antibiotics also helps reduce potential risks to the ecological environment and human health.

[0014] Preferably, the multivitamin is composed of vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:4-6.

[0015] Preferably, the pH adjuster is calcium oxide.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing an additive to improve the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, using the following technical solution: As a general technical concept, this application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, including the following steps: According to the mass fractions, the components in the formula are mixed evenly to obtain an additive that improves the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0017] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Improved survival rate: Through the synergistic effect of microbial agents, 5-aminolevulinic acid and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, the oxygen deficiency and water quality conditions of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation are effectively improved, thereby significantly increasing the survival rate of yellow catfish and solving the problem of low survival rate during long-distance transportation.

[0018] 2. Enhance immunity and stress resistance: Herbal extracts can not only improve the immunity of yellow catfish, but also enhance their stress resistance, avoid stress reactions caused by long-distance transportation, and further improve the survival rate.

[0019] 3. Improve the microecological balance of water quality: The combined action of microbial preparations (Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, Parabacterium difficile LCG-06, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and pH regulators (calcium oxide) can effectively improve the microecological balance of water quality, ensure water quality stability, maintain a good water quality environment, and promote the healthy growth of yellow catfish. 4. Promote growth and enhance immunity: Multivitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid) can not only promote the growth of yellow catfish, but also enhance its immunity, maintain the quality of the fish meat, prevent cell hemolysis, and improve the body's ability to resist oxidative stress. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional products.

[0021] In the following examples and preparation examples, 1 part represents 100g.

[0022] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Extracts from Traditional Chinese Medicines The herbal extract, by mass parts, comprises the following raw materials: 12 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 18 parts Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 12 parts Polygonum cuspidatum, 19 parts Marigold, 8 parts Lonicera japonica, 8 parts Poria cocos, and 160 parts water. The preparation method of the herbal extract is as follows: Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Marigold, Lonicera japonica, Poria cocos and water are mixed according to the mass parts, and then decocted for 4.5 hours under the assistance of ultrasound. The filtrate obtained by filtration is the herbal extract.

[0023] Example 1 An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation comprises, by weight, the following raw materials: 0.2 parts of microbial preparation, 2 parts of glucose, 0.5 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of calcium oxide, 0.4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 0.8 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 91 parts of deionized water. The microbial preparation is composed of a suspension of *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1, a suspension of *Parabacteroides dysplasia* LCG-06, and a suspension of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* in a weight ratio of 3:5:4. The bacterial content of the *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1 suspension is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the *Pseudomonas dignitaria* LCG-06 suspension was 6 × 10⁻⁶. 9CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension was 8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; The complex vitamin is composed of vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:4; The preparation method of the above-mentioned additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation includes the following steps: According to the mass fractions, the components in the formula are mixed evenly to obtain an additive that improves the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0024] Example 2 An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation comprises, by weight, the following raw materials: 0.5 parts microbial preparation, 3 parts glucose, 1 part compound vitamins, 5 parts calcium oxide, 0.2 parts 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1.2 parts traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 95 parts deionized water. The microbial preparation is composed of a suspension of *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1, a suspension of *Parabacterium dysplasiae* LCG-06, and a suspension of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* in a weight ratio of 3:5:4. The bacterial content of the *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1 suspension is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the *Pseudomonas dignitaria* LCG-06 suspension was 6 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension was 8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; The complex vitamin is composed of vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:6; The preparation method of the above-mentioned additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation includes the following steps: According to the mass fractions, the components in the formula are mixed evenly to obtain an additive that improves the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0025] Example 3 An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation comprises, by weight, the following raw materials: 0.3 parts of microbial preparation, 2.3 parts of glucose, 0.7 parts of compound vitamins, 4 parts of calcium oxide, 0.3 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1 part of traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 93 parts of deionized water. The microbial preparation is composed of a suspension of *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1, a suspension of *Parabacterium dysplasiae* LCG-06, and a suspension of *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* in a weight ratio of 3:5:4. The bacterial content of the *Enterococcus faecalis* YY1-1 suspension is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the *Pseudomonas dignitaria* LCG-06 suspension was 6 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension was 8 × 10⁻⁶. 9CFU / mL; The complex vitamin is composed of vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:5; The preparation method of the above-mentioned additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation includes the following steps: According to the mass fractions, the components in the formula are mixed evenly to obtain an additive that improves the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0026] Comparative Example 1 Same as Example 3, except that: the microbial preparation is a Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension, and the bacterial content of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension is 8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0027] Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 3, except that: the microbial preparation is a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, and the bacterial content of the Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1 suspension is 5 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL.

[0028] Comparative Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that: the microbial preparation is a suspension of *Pseudomonas difficile* LCG-06, and the bacterial content of the *Pseudomonas difficile* LCG-06 suspension is 6 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0029] Comparative Example 4 Same as Example 3, except that: 0.6 parts of microbial preparation and 0 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid.

[0030] Comparative Example 5 Same as Example 3, except that: 0 parts of microbial preparation and 0.6 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid.

[0031] Comparative Example 6 Same as Example 3, except that: 0 parts of herbal extract.

[0032] Performance testing The additives for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, were sampled and mixed with the main ingredient at a mass ratio of 1:100 to prepare 9 feed groups, numbered Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6, with the main ingredient serving as a reference. The main ingredient formula was as follows: fish meal 38%, soybean meal 30%, wheat bran 10%, corn 6%, vitamin premix 2%, mineral premix 3%, and chrysanthemum extract (Nanjing Zelang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 2%, with the remainder being water. The mineral premix contained 0.48g sodium selenite and magnesium sulfate per kilogram. The following ingredients were added: 0.5g zinc sulfate, 6.9g manganese sulfate, 6.75g calcium iodate, 5.2g ferrous sulfate, 0.9g calcium lactate, 1.96g selenium yeast, 1.65g copper sulfate, 0.35g cobalt chloride, and the remainder was zeolite powder; the vitamin premix consisted of vitamin K3, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, folic acid, and corn gluten meal in a mass ratio of 2:4:3:7:2:8:13:7:2:0.7:1000. The experiment was conducted according to the following method.

[0033] Yellow catfish with a total length of 1.0 cm or more were selected during long-distance transportation and divided into 10 groups, corresponding to Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6, and the reference example. Each group contained 4000 yellow catfish, including 2000 fry and 2000 mature fish. The transportation time was 48 hours. The feeding amount was 4% of the fish's body weight, fed every 12 hours. The survival rate of the yellow catfish in each group during long-distance transportation was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1. Survival rate of yellow catfish project Seedling survival rate / % Survival rate of seedlings / % Example 1 97.8 95.5 Example 2 98.3 95.9 Example 3 99.5 97.6 Comparative Example 1 88.1 85.9 Comparative Example 2 92.3 89.5 Comparative Example 3 93.5 91.2 Comparative Example 4 94.8 92.6 Comparative Example 5 80.6 78.2 Comparative Example 6 86.8 83.6 Reference example 53.3 50.5 Analyzing the data in Table 1, we can see that: 1) The feed made from the additives for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation prepared in Examples 1-3 was used to feed yellow catfish. Through the synergistic effect of microbial preparations, 5-aminolevulinic acid, and traditional Chinese medicine extracts, the feed improved the hypoxia condition, improved water quality, and enhanced the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, significantly increasing the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation. This effectively solved the problem of low survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation and can be widely used in the logistics and distribution of yellow catfish, especially suitable for long-distance transportation operations, effectively ensuring the freshness of fish and reducing economic losses.

[0035] 2) The performance comparison analysis of the additives for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 showed that the microbial preparation was composed of Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1 suspension, Parabacterium difficile LCG-06 suspension and Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension in a mass ratio of 3:5:4. By utilizing the synergistic effect of these three microbial preparations in the additive, the intestinal health and immune system function of yellow catfish were improved, thereby increasing the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0036] 3) A comparative analysis of the performance of the additives for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4-5 showed that the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to 5-aminolevulinic acid was 1:1. The Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, Parabacterium difficile LCG-06, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the microbial preparation each possessed the ability to improve the growth performance of yellow catfish, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, serum non-specific immune activity, and resistance to Edwardsiella tarda infection. These microbial preparations help improve the microecological balance of the water quality and enhance the immunity and stress resistance of the fish. 5-Aminolevulinic acid can scavenge free radicals and terminate lipid peroxidation. During the transportation of yellow catfish, this substance helps protect fish cells from oxidative stress damage. When the mass ratio of microbial preparations to 5-aminolevulinic acid is 1:1, the two can work synergistically to improve hypoxia and water quality, effectively enhance the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, and reduce cell damage caused by oxidative stress, thereby improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0037] 4) A comparative analysis of the performance of the additives for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 6 showed that adding the herbal extracts prepared in this application enhances the immunity of yellow catfish. For example, Scutellaria baicalensis has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial; Glycyrrhiza uralensis has the effects of harmonizing medicinal properties, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory; Polygonum cuspidatum has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; Lonicera japonica has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory. These components work together to enhance the non-specific immune response of yellow catfish. During long-distance transportation, yellow catfish may encounter various stress responses, such as temperature changes and water quality changes. The components in the herbal extracts can help yellow catfish resist these stress responses and improve their ability to adapt to environmental changes. Marigold and Lonicera japonica both have antiviral effects. These components can help yellow catfish resist viral infections and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The intestine is one of the main immune organs of fish. The components in the herbal extracts can improve intestinal health, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine, and thus improve the overall health of yellow catfish. Components in traditional Chinese medicine extracts, such as licorice and honeysuckle, have antioxidant properties, which can help yellow catfish eliminate free radicals in their bodies and reduce oxidative stress damage. In summary, the role of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in additives is multifaceted; they can not only improve the immunity and stress resistance of yellow catfish, but also improve gut health and antioxidant capacity, thereby increasing the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.

[0038] The above embodiments are only used to explain the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although the above embodiments have provided specific descriptions of this application, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation methods of this application. Any modifications and equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be covered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation, characterized in that, The preparation materials, by weight, include the following: 0.2-0.5 parts of microbial preparation, 2-3 parts of glucose, 0.5-1 parts of compound vitamins, 3-5 parts of pH adjuster, 0.2-0.4 parts of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 0.8-1.2 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extract, and 91-95 parts of deionized water.

2. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial preparation is composed of a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1, a suspension of Parabacterium difficile LCG-06, and a suspension of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a mass ratio of 3:5:

4.

3. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bacterial count of the Enterococcus faecalis YY1-1 suspension was 1×10⁻⁶. 8 -2×10 9 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the *Pseudomonas dignitaria* LCG-06 suspension was 3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 -2×10 10 CFU / mL; the bacterial count of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus suspension was 1×10⁻⁶. 9 -5×10 10 CFU / mL.

4. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the microbial preparation to 5-aminolevulinic acid is 1:

1.

5. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The herbal extract comprises, by mass parts, the following raw materials: 10-13 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis, 17-20 parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 12-13 parts of Polygonum cuspidatum, 18-20 parts of Marigold, 7-9 parts of Lonicera japonica, 7-8 parts of Poria cocos, and 150-180 parts of water.

6. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for preparing the herbal extract is as follows: according to the mass proportions, Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Marigold, Lonicera japonica, Poria cocos and water are mixed and decocted for 4-5 hours under the assistance of ultrasound. The filtrate obtained by filtration is the herbal extract.

7. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multivitamin is composed of vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:4-6.

8. The additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH adjuster is calcium oxide.

9. A method for preparing an additive for improving the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: According to the mass fractions, the components in the formula are mixed evenly to obtain an additive that improves the survival rate of yellow catfish during long-distance transportation.