Flap retraction device for breast surgery

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical auxiliary devices, specifically to a flap traction device for breast cancer surgery. It includes a first carrier, with several second carriers slidably connected to the first carrier. Each second carrier is equipped with a sleeve, a pull rod, and a traction plate. The sleeve is fixedly connected to the second carrier, and each sleeve has a pressure groove. The pull rod and traction plate are slidably connected to the sleeve through the pressure groove. Each pressure groove is equipped with a limit component and a pressure regulating component. The limit component restricts the displacement of the pull rod, and the pressure regulating component regulates the pressure within the pressure groove. It also includes a periodic triggering mechanism, which sequentially and individually triggers the pressure regulating component within a preset period to complete decompression and repositioning. This invention can reduce tissue damage and improve postoperative healing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical auxiliary devices, specifically to a flap traction device for breast cancer surgery. Background Technology

[0002] In breast-conserving surgery and breast reconstruction surgery for breast cancer, continuous and stable traction of the flap tissue is often required to fully expose the surgical field, facilitate precise tumor removal, and perform delicate flap dissection and suturing. Traditional and current mainstream traction methods mostly rely on robotic arms equipped with fixed hooks or toothed forceps, or manual maintenance by an assistant holding the hooks. These methods form the basis of existing flap traction techniques.

[0003] Existing mechanical traction devices are typically designed to maintain a constant traction state during surgery, which can last for hours, once the surgeon has set the spatial position and traction force. This "set-and-fix" approach, while advantageous in providing a stable surgical field, overlooks a crucial tissue biomechanical issue: living soft tissue (especially skin flaps) undergoes significant "stress relaxation" when subjected to continuous, constant mechanical stress.

[0004] From a biomechanical perspective, soft tissue is not an ideal elastic material. When subjected to sustained traction, its internal collagen fiber network and extracellular matrix gradually undergo creep and reorganization, causing the stress (i.e., the tension resisting traction) within the tissue to gradually decrease over time while the strain (deformation) remains constant. However, more critically, when the tensile stress exceeds a certain critical threshold—the tissue's "stress relaxation threshold" or microscopic damage threshold—and continues to act, it will trigger a series of irreversible pathophysiological changes. These include the collapse or spasm of microvessels and lymphatic vessels within the flap due to excessive stretching, leading to impaired microcirculation perfusion; local tissue ischemia and hypoxia; direct damage to cell membranes; and the release of inflammatory mediators. Clinically, this directly manifests as a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications such as worsened flap edema, poor blood supply, delayed marginal healing, and even ischemic necrosis, severely impacting surgical outcomes and patient recovery.

[0005] Given the shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need for a new type of flap traction device for breast cancer surgery that can achieve periodic relaxation or adaptive adjustment of traction force, thereby keeping the traction stress within the physiological tolerance range of the flap tissue to reduce tissue damage and improve postoperative healing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a flap traction device for breast cancer surgery, which reduces tissue damage and improves postoperative healing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A flap traction device for breast cancer surgery includes a first carrier, on which a plurality of second carriers are slidably connected. Each of the second carriers is provided with a sleeve rod, a pull rod, and a traction plate. The sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the second carrier, and each sleeve rod has a pressure groove. The pull rod and the traction plate are slidably connected to the sleeve rod through the pressure groove. Each pressure groove is provided with a limit component and a pressure regulating component. The limit component is used to limit the displacement of the pull rod, and the pressure regulating component is used to regulate the pressure in the pressure groove. The device also includes a periodic triggering mechanism, which is used to sequentially and individually trigger the pressure regulating component to complete decompression and resetting within a preset period.

[0008] The technical principles of the above solution are as follows:

[0009] The surgeon first slides along the first carrier and positions each of the second carriers according to the surgical field exposure requirements, aligning each traction plate with the predetermined traction point of the flap. Then, the surgeon manually or via a mechanism pulls each lever, causing it to move backward (away from the sleeve) within the pneumatic groove, creating initial negative pressure. This negative pressure is transmitted through the pneumatic groove to the traction plates, causing them to displace in the same direction, thus completing the initial traction and fixation of the flap. A limiting component ensures that the levers lock after reaching their predetermined stroke, establishing and maintaining the initial traction state.

[0010] Then the periodic triggering mechanism is activated, which automatically and sequentially triggers the air pressure regulating components on each of the second carriers according to a preset time cycle.

[0011] Decompression phase: When a pressure regulating component is triggered, it temporarily releases the negative pressure within the groove. As the negative pressure decreases, the traction force exerted by the traction plate on the flap also decreases instantaneously, allowing the flap tissue a brief respite from continuous mechanical stress.

[0012] After the preset short decompression time ends, the air pressure regulating component automatically resets, restoring the air pressure groove to its initial negative pressure state. At this time, the traction plate repositions under the negative pressure, applying effective traction force to the flap again and restoring stable exposure of the surgical field.

[0013] The cyclical triggering mechanism operates continuously, relaying the pneumatic regulation components on all the second carriers in a cyclical manner. Thus, throughout the surgery, the traction on the skin flap by the device exhibits a dynamic and rhythmic change: the traction force on any part of the flap is not constant, but alternates between effective traction and periodic relaxation. This mode simulates a more physiological traction, avoiding uninterrupted continuous stress on a single area of ​​tissue.

[0014] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. This approach breaks the stress-damage chain caused by continuous traction through periodic and brief reductions in tension. This effectively prevents microcirculatory disturbances (compression of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels), local ischemia and hypoxia, and mechanical cell damage caused by stress exceeding the flap stress relaxation threshold, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative flap edema, poor blood supply, delayed healing, and necrosis from the source.

[0016] 2. This approach, through a dynamic and intermittent traction pattern, better aligns with the biomechanical characteristics of soft tissue, promoting improved perfusion and metabolism of the flap tissue. Reduced mechanical damage and ischemia create a more favorable microenvironment for tissue repair, thereby promoting flap edge healing and enhancing the final aesthetic outcome and functional recovery of breast-conserving surgery or breast reconstruction.

[0017] 3. This solution ensures stable and reliable traction for most of the time, guaranteeing the precision of the surgical procedure. Its automated periodic adjustment function eliminates the need for frequent manual adjustments of the retractors by the surgeon or assistant, freeing up manpower and improving the efficiency and focus of the surgical process.

[0018] Furthermore, the limiting component includes a sealing block, which is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod near the traction plate, and the sealing block is slidably engaged with the air pressure groove. Several limiting grooves are provided on the inner wall of the air pressure groove. A sliding groove and a through groove are provided inside the sealing block, and the sliding groove is connected to the through groove. The sliding groove is arranged along the length of the pull rod. A limiting block is slidably engaged in the through groove. When the limiting block moves away from the sliding groove, the limiting block engages with the limiting groove. A conical block is slidably connected inside the sliding groove, and an inner rod is slidably connected inside the pull rod. One end of the inner rod extends into the sliding groove and is fixedly connected to the conical block. A return spring is provided between the conical block and the inner wall of the sliding groove, with both ends of the return spring fixedly connected to the conical block and the inner wall of the sliding groove, respectively. When the conical block approaches the traction plate, the conical block pushes the limiting block away from the sliding groove. An attraction component is also provided between the limiting block and the conical block. The attraction component is used to pull the limiting block back into the through groove when the conical block moves away from the traction plate.

[0019] Beneficial effects: During the initial traction phase, the doctor pulls the pull rod and inner rod outwards, causing the sealing block at its end to slide within the pneumatic groove. The inner rod drives the conical block within the sealing block to overcome the tension of the return spring and move away from the traction plate. Simultaneously, under the action of the suction assembly, the limiting block is drawn back into the through groove. When the doctor releases the pull rod and inner rod, under the action of the return spring, the inclined surface of the conical block pushes the limiting block in the through groove outwards, causing it to engage with the corresponding limiting groove on the inner wall of the pneumatic groove, thereby achieving mechanical locking and preventing the sealing block from retracting.

[0020] The limiting component forms a secure mechanical lock by engaging the limiting block with the limiting groove within the pressure chamber, effectively preventing the traction force from weakening due to tissue elastic recoil or external interference during the non-decompression phase. This ensures that the device maintains a precise and stable traction state even during the intermittent operation of the cycle triggering mechanism, providing continuous and reliable surgical field exposure for the surgical procedure.

[0021] The doctor only needs to pull the lever and inner rod to unlock and adjust the traction position. After release, the conical block automatically pushes the limiting block into the limiting groove under the action of the return spring to complete the locking. This process requires no additional tools or complicated steps, significantly shortening the initial setup time of the device and making the surgical procedure smoother and more efficient.

[0022] Furthermore, the air pressure regulating assembly includes a regulating chamber connected to one side of the air pressure groove, and a piston is slidably connected inside the regulating chamber.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The coordination between the regulating chamber and the piston provides an intuitive and stable air pressure regulation mechanism. By controlling the sliding stroke of the piston, the release and recovery amplitude of the negative pressure in the air pressure groove can be precisely adjusted, achieving quantitative control of traction force changes, which is beneficial for matching the biomechanical characteristics of different patient flap tissues.

[0024] Furthermore, the periodic triggering mechanism includes an annular groove formed within the first carrier, a ring slidably fitted within the annular groove, a gear ring coaxially fixedly connected to the ring, the gear ring meshing with a transmission gear, and a power component driving the transmission gear to rotate; a first incomplete gear set is provided within the ring, and a second incomplete gear set is provided within each of the second carriers; within a preset period, the first incomplete gear set meshes with only one of the second incomplete gear sets twice; a cylinder is coaxially fixedly connected to the second incomplete gear set, a helical groove is circumferentially formed on the outer side of the cylinder, a protrusion slidably fitted on the helical groove, and the protrusion is fixedly connected to a piston.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The power component drives the transmission gear and gear ring, causing the ring and the first incomplete gear set to rotate continuously within the ring groove. The first incomplete gear set meshes sequentially with the second incomplete gear sets on each of the second carriers according to a preset cycle, thereby triggering the action of the corresponding air pressure regulating components. This mechanical timing control mechanism ensures that all traction points can be depressurized and reset in a fixed sequence and at fixed intervals, allowing each area of ​​the flap to experience stress relaxation regularly, avoiding local stress accumulation, and ensuring the predictability and full coverage of the adjustment process.

[0026] Because the first incomplete gear set engages with only one second incomplete gear set at a time, the decompression actions at each traction point are performed sequentially and without overlap. At any given time, most traction points remain in an effective traction state, thus ensuring the overall stability of the surgical field is not compromised and avoiding surgical field collapse or displacement caused by the simultaneous relaxation of all traction points, thus balancing tissue protection and the continuity of surgical procedures.

[0027] Furthermore, both the first and second incomplete gear sets include a pair of half gears, which are coaxially and fixedly connected; when a half gear in the first incomplete gear set meshes with a half gear in the second incomplete gear set, the currently meshing half gear rotates half a revolution.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Each incomplete gear set consists of a pair of coaxially interlocked half-gears, allowing them to engage sequentially when the first and second sets of half-gears mesh. In the first half-turn, the first half-gear drives the second set of gears, completing the piston's decompression action. In the second half-turn, the coaxially interlocked second half-gear takes over, driving the piston in the opposite direction to complete the reset. This design ensures that the decompression-reset cycle is automatically and completely executed with each trigger, eliminating the need for additional control mechanisms and improving the reliability and integrity of the operation.

[0029] Furthermore, both the first and second incomplete gear sets include shaped gears with parallelogram-shaped sides. When the shaped gear in the first incomplete gear set meshes with the shaped gear in the second incomplete gear set once, the currently meshing shaped gear rotates half a revolution.

[0030] Beneficial effects: The parallelogram-shaped sides of the irregular gears can provide more uniform and continuous tooth surface contact during meshing, resulting in a smoother and more stable transmission process compared to the intermittent meshing of half gears.

[0031] Furthermore, a fixing mechanism for fixing the second carrier is provided between the first carrier and the second carrier; the fixing mechanism includes a conical groove opened in the second carrier, and a number of limiting balls are provided in the conical groove. An insert plate is slidably connected at the axis of the conical groove, and the two ends of the insert plate extend into the conical groove and outside the second carrier, respectively. When the insert plate is inserted between the limiting balls, the limiting balls abut against the inner wall of the conical groove and the first carrier.

[0032] Beneficial effects: By inserting the insert plate into the conical groove, the limiting ball expands radially, causing the limiting ball to simultaneously form multiple points of tight contact with the inner wall of the conical groove and the surface of the first carrier, generating a strong frictional self-locking effect. This mechanism allows the insert plate to be easily pulled out for rapid sliding when adjusting the position of the second carrier, and can also be quickly inserted to securely lock after positioning, achieving an efficient balance between flexible adjustment of the traction point position and stable fixation during surgery.

[0033] Furthermore, a second spring is provided between the limiting ball and the inner wall of the conical groove.

[0034] Beneficial effects: When the insert plate is not inserted, the second spring continuously applies radial pressure towards the axis of the conical groove to the limiting ball, keeping the limiting ball in an inward-facing state and preventing friction between it and the surface of the first carrier due to the pressure of the conical groove's inclined surface. This ensures that the second carrier can slide easily and smoothly along the first carrier in the unlocked state, facilitating quick and precise adjustment of the traction point position during surgery, and improving the adjustability and operational feel of the device.

[0035] Furthermore, a displacement monitoring unit is installed between the sealing block and the tension plate. The displacement monitoring unit is used to detect the distance between the sealing block and the tension plate. The displacement monitoring unit is electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit is electrically connected to a display unit. The control unit is used to convert the distance into tension information and control the operation of the display unit. The display unit is used to display the tension information.

[0036] Beneficial effects: By measuring the distance change between the sealing block and the traction plate in real time through the displacement monitoring unit and combining it with the pneumatic relationship, the control unit can accurately calculate the actual traction force on the flap and convert it into intuitive traction information. This allows doctors to objectively and quantitatively grasp the force situation at each traction point, avoiding the errors caused by relying solely on experience in traditional methods. This enables precise control of the traction force, ensuring it remains within the tissue's safe tolerance range.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a blood flow monitoring unit and an alarm unit; the blood flow monitoring unit is used to monitor the microcirculation blood flow of the flap tissue; the alarm unit is used to send alarm signals; and the control unit is also used to control the operation of the alarm unit based on the microcirculation blood flow.

[0038] Beneficial effects: When a skin flap experiences a significant decrease in microcirculatory blood flow due to excessive traction, vasospasm, or postural compression, the control unit can immediately activate the alarm unit to issue warning signals such as sound and light, vibration, or screen flashing. This warning comes much earlier than visible signs of ischemia, such as paleness or purplish discoloration of the skin flap, giving doctors valuable intervention time to restore blood supply by adjusting the traction position, reducing traction force, or applying local antispasmodic drugs, greatly reducing the risk of partial or complete necrosis of the skin flap postoperatively. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the flap traction device for breast cancer surgery of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view of the flap traction device used in breast cancer surgery;

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along the AA direction;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point M in the middle;

[0043] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point N in the middle;

[0044] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the conical groove.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the first and second incomplete gear sets in an embodiment of the flap traction device for breast cancer surgery of the present invention.

[0046] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. First carrier; 2. Second carrier; 3. Sleeve rod; 4. Pull rod; 5. Bracket; 6. Pull plate; 7. Insert plate; 101. Ring; 102. First incomplete gear set; 103. Gear ring; 104. Cylinder; 105. Protrusion; 106. Spiral groove; 107. Second incomplete gear set; 201. Conical groove; 202. Limiting ball; 203. Piston; 204. Adjustment chamber; 205. First spring; 206. Second spring; 207. Ring groove; 301. Air pressure groove; 302. Limiting groove; 401. Inner rod; 402. Sealing block; 403. Conical block; 404. Slide groove; 405. Limiting block; 406. Through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0051] Example:

[0052] As attached Figures 1-6 As shown: A flap traction device for breast cancer surgery includes a first carrier 1, which has a ring structure and is fixedly mounted to one side of the operating table via a bracket 5. A plurality of second carriers 2 are slidably connected to the first carrier 1. Preferably, a fixing mechanism for fixing the second carriers 2 is provided between the first carrier 1 and the second carriers 2. (See attached diagram.) Figure 4 and attached Figure 6 As shown, the fixing mechanism includes a conical groove 201 formed within the second carrier 2. A plurality of limiting balls 202 are disposed within the conical groove 201. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first carrier 1 is slidably fitted to the bottom of the conical groove 201, and the limiting balls 202 are located at the top of the conical groove 201. The inner wall of the top region of the conical groove 201 is inclined. An insert plate 7 is slidably connected at the axis of the conical groove 201. Both ends of the insert plate 7 extend into the conical groove 201 and out of the second carrier 2, respectively. When the insert plate 7 is inserted between the limiting balls 202, the limiting balls 202 abut against the inner wall of the conical groove 201 and the first carrier 1. Preferably, in order to ensure that the second carrier 2 can slide freely on the first carrier 1 in the unlocked state (when the insert plate 7 is not inserted), a second spring 206 is provided between the limiting ball 202 and the inner wall of the conical groove 201. The two ends of the second spring 206 are fixedly connected to the limiting ball 202 and the inner wall of the conical groove 201, respectively. The elastic force provided by the second spring 206 makes the limiting ball 202 move away from the inclined surface of the conical groove 201.

[0053] Each of the second carriers 2 is equipped with a sleeve rod 3, a pull rod 4, and a traction plate 6. The sleeve rod 3 is fixedly connected to the second carrier 2, and each sleeve rod 3 has a pneumatic groove 301. The pull rod 4 and the traction plate 6 are slidably connected to the sleeve rod 3 through the pneumatic groove 301. Each pneumatic groove 301 is equipped with a limit component and a pneumatic adjustment component. The limit component is used to limit the displacement of the pull rod 4. Specifically, refer to the attached... Figure 4 and attached Figure 5As shown, the limiting component includes a sealing block 402, which is fixedly connected to one end of the pull rod 4 near the traction plate 6. The sealing block 402 is slidably engaged with the air pressure groove 301. Several limiting grooves 302 are formed on the inner wall of the air pressure groove 301. A sliding groove 404 and a through groove 406 are formed inside the sealing block 402. In this embodiment, the through groove 406 is symmetrically formed on both sides of the sliding groove 404, and the sliding groove 404 and the through groove 406 are perpendicular to each other and communicate with each other. The sliding groove 404 is arranged along the length of the pull rod 4. A limiting block 405 is slidably engaged inside the through groove 406. When the limiting block 405 moves away from the sliding groove 404, the limiting block 405 engages with the limiting groove 302. A conical block 403 is slidably connected within the slide groove 404, and an inner rod 401 is slidably connected within each of the pull rods 4. One end of the inner rod 401 extends into the slide groove 404 and is fixedly connected to the conical block 403. A return spring is provided between the conical block 403 and the inner wall of the slide groove 404, with both ends of the return spring fixedly connected to the conical block 403 and the inner wall of the slide groove 404, respectively. When the conical block 403 approaches the pull plate 6, it pushes the limiting block 405 away from the slide groove 404. An attraction component is also provided between the limiting block 405 and the conical block 403. The attraction component is used to pull the limiting block 405 back into the through groove 406 when the conical block 403 moves away from the pull plate 6. Specifically, the attraction component uses two mutually attracting magnetic sheets, which are respectively embedded in the inclined surfaces where the conical block 403 and the limiting block 405 contact each other.

[0054] The air pressure regulating component is used to regulate the air pressure inside the air pressure tank 301; specifically, in conjunction with the attached... Figure 4 As shown, the air pressure regulating assembly includes an regulating cavity 204 connected to one side of the air pressure groove 301, and a piston 203 is slidably connected inside the regulating cavity 204. Preferably, a first spring 205 is fixedly connected between the piston 203 and the inner wall of the regulating cavity 204, and the first spring 205 is used to support the piston 203 to slide within a certain distance.

[0055] It also includes a periodic triggering mechanism, which is used to sequentially and individually trigger the air pressure regulating components to complete decompression and reset within a preset period. Specifically, the periodic triggering mechanism includes an annular groove 207 opened in the first carrier 1, a ring 101 slidingly fitted in the annular groove 207, a gear ring 103 coaxially fixedly connected to the ring 101, the gear ring 103 meshing with a transmission gear (not shown in the figure), the transmission gear being driven by a power component (not shown in the figure), the power component being installed in the first carrier 1, the power component being used to drive the transmission gear to rotate, the power component being a servo motor, the output shaft of the servo motor being coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission gear through a coupling, transmission shaft and other transmission mechanisms. A first incomplete gear set 102 is provided inside the ring 101, and a second incomplete gear set 107 is provided inside each of the second carriers 2. Within a preset period (in this embodiment, the preset period is one rotation of the ring 101), the first incomplete gear set 102 engages with only one of the second incomplete gear sets 107 twice. A cylinder 104 is coaxially fixedly connected to the second incomplete gear set 107. A spiral groove 106 is circumferentially formed on the outer side of the cylinder 104, and a protrusion 105 is slidably fitted on the spiral groove 106. The protrusion 105 is fixedly connected to the piston 203. Preferably, a one-way transmission mechanism is also provided between the second incomplete gear set 107 and the cylinder 104. In this embodiment, the one-way transmission mechanism is existing technology, which realizes the one-way transmission of power through a worm gear mechanism. It will not be described in detail here. By setting a one-way transmission mechanism, the power can only be transmitted to the cylinder 104 through the second incomplete gear set 107, thereby ensuring the stability of the piston 203's dwell position.

[0056] Preferably, this embodiment provides two structural compositions: a first incomplete gear set 102 and a second incomplete gear set 107.

[0057] One is: combining the appendix Figure 4As shown, both the first incomplete gear set 102 and the second incomplete gear set 107 include a pair of half gears. Each half gear has teeth on one side and a smooth surface on the other. The half gears are coaxially interlocked and fixedly connected. For example, in the first incomplete gear set 102, the tooth surfaces of the first and second layer half gears are misaligned, and their projections on the plane form a complete gear. When a half gear in the first incomplete gear set 102 meshes with a half gear in the second incomplete gear set 107, the currently meshing half gear rotates half a revolution. Therefore, it can be seen that meshing and power transmission can only occur when the half gears in the first incomplete gear set 102 and the second incomplete gear set 107 are mirror-symmetrical. Since all the second incomplete gear sets 107 adopt a uniform arrangement, when a half gear on the first incomplete gear set 102 meshes with any half gear on the second incomplete gear set 107, during the rotation of the ring 101, the half gears on the other second incomplete gear sets 107 cannot mesh with the half gears on the first incomplete gear set 102 (because the tooth surface and the smooth surface cannot mesh). Only when the first incomplete gear set 102 meshes again with the previously meshed second incomplete gear set 107, after the half gear in the first incomplete gear set 102 is reset, can it mesh with the half gear on the next second incomplete gear set 107.

[0058] Secondly: in conjunction with the appendix Figure 7 As shown, both the first incomplete gear set 102 and the second incomplete gear set 107 include irregularly shaped gears. The sides of the irregularly shaped gears are parallelograms. For example, when the bottom of the irregularly shaped gear in the first incomplete gear set 102 and the bottom of the irregularly shaped gear in the second incomplete gear set 107 mesh, they form a "V" shape. When the irregularly shaped gear in the first incomplete gear set 102 meshes with the irregularly shaped gear in the second incomplete gear set 107 once, the currently meshing irregularly shaped gear rotates half a turn. For example, the irregularly shaped gear in the first incomplete gear set 102 and the irregularly shaped gear in the second incomplete gear set 107 start meshing from the bottom and change from a "V" shape to a "Λ" shape before they separate at the end of the meshing. When the irregular gear on the first incomplete gear set 102 passes the irregular gear on the other second incomplete gear set 107, the two irregular gears are in a "\\" state and therefore cannot mesh. Only when the irregular gear on the first incomplete gear set 102 passes the irregular gear in the second incomplete gear set 107 which is in a " / " state will they mesh again. That is, when the ring 101 rotates one revolution, the corresponding irregular gear will mesh twice, and the corresponding irregular gear will rotate a total of 360 degrees.

[0059] Preferably, a displacement monitoring unit is provided between the sealing block 402 and the tension plate 6. The displacement monitoring unit is used to detect the distance between the sealing block 402 and the tension plate 6. Specifically, in this embodiment, the displacement monitoring unit adopts a parallel plate capacitor structure. The two plates of the parallel plate capacitor are fixedly connected to the sealing block 402 and the tension plate 6, respectively. The parallel plate capacitor is a prior art technology, and the distance change between the two plates is measured by the capacitance change of the two plates. The displacement monitoring unit is electrically connected to a control unit, and the control unit is electrically connected to a display unit. The control unit is used to convert the distance into tension information and control the operation of the display unit. The display unit is used to display the tension information. The display unit is a display screen, which is installed on the outside of the second carrier 2.

[0060] Preferably, the system also includes a blood flow monitoring unit and an alarm unit. The blood flow monitoring unit is used to monitor the microcirculatory blood flow of the flap tissue. In this embodiment, the blood flow monitoring unit integrates a laser Doppler flowmeter, which measures the change in the frequency of reflected light caused by the movement of red blood cells (Doppler effect) by irradiating the flap tissue with a laser, thereby measuring the microcirculatory blood flow in the superficial layer of the flap tissue in real time and continuously. The alarm unit is used to send alarm signals and integrates an LED light and a buzzer. The control unit is also used to control the operation of the alarm unit based on the microcirculatory blood flow.

[0061] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0062] The bracket 5 of the device is fixed at a suitable position next to the operating table, so that the annular first carrier 1 is suspended above the surgical area. According to the surgical incision plan and the flap traction requirements, each second carrier 2 is slid along the first carrier 1 to initially position each traction plate 6 above the corresponding flap pre-traction point. For each second carrier 2, the insert plate 7 is pulled outward. At this time, under the action of the second spring 206, the limiting ball 202 retracts inward, and the second carrier 2 can slide freely. After positioning, the insert plate 7 is inserted into the conical groove 201. The tip of the insert plate 7 is wedged between the limiting balls 202, pushing the limiting balls 202 to move radially outward, so that they are pressed tightly against the inner wall of the inclined surface of the conical groove 201 and the surface of the first carrier 1, forming a friction self-locking, thereby firmly fixing the second carrier 2 to the first carrier 1.

[0063] For each traction point, the surgeon pulls the pull rod 4 and its inner rod 401 outwards (away from the patient). The pull rod 4 causes the sealing block 402 to slide within the pressure groove 301, increasing the volume of the groove and creating an initial negative pressure. Simultaneously, the inner rod 401 causes the conical block 403 to move away from the traction plate 6 within the sliding groove 404, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring. During this process, the magnetic sheet embedded in the inclined surface of the conical block 403 and the magnetic sheet embedded in the inclined surface of the limiting block 405 attract each other, causing the limiting block 405 to displace towards the sliding groove 404.

[0064] When the lever 4 is pulled to the preset stroke (i.e., the position corresponding to the desired initial traction force), the doctor releases the inner rod 401 and the lever 4. Under the action of the return spring, the cone block 403 rebounds towards the traction plate 6. During the rebound process, the inclined surface of the cone block 403 squeezes the limiting block 405, pushing it outward along the through groove 406 until the outer end of the limiting block 405 is engaged in the corresponding limiting groove 302 on the inner wall of the air pressure groove 301, achieving mechanical locking and preventing the sealing block 402 from retracting. At this time, the sealing block 402 is fixed in position, and a stable initial negative pressure is maintained in the air pressure groove 301. This negative pressure is transmitted to the traction plate 6 through a physical connection, causing it to generate and maintain a constant initial traction force on the underlying skin flap tissue, completing the initial exposure and stabilization of the surgical field.

[0065] The servo motor (power component) built into the first carrier 1 is activated. The servo motor drives the transmission gear to rotate through the transmission mechanism. The transmission gear meshes with the gear ring 103 fixed on the ring 101, thereby causing the ring 101 to rotate at a constant speed within the annular groove 207 of the first carrier 1. The first incomplete gear set 102 installed on the inner side of the ring 101 rotates together with it.

[0066] When the ring 101 rotates until the teeth of the first incomplete gear set 102 (assuming a half gear set) mesh with the teeth of the second incomplete gear set 107 within a second carrier 2, they begin to mesh. Under meshing transmission, the second incomplete gear set 107 begins to rotate half a revolution. The second incomplete gear set 107 drives the coaxial cylinder 104 to rotate half a revolution via a one-way transmission mechanism. The spiral groove 106 on the surface of the cylinder 104 rotates accordingly, pushing the protrusion 105, which is slidably engaged with it, to move along the axis of the cylinder 104. The protrusion 105 is fixedly connected to the piston 203, thereby driving the piston 203 to slide forward a certain distance within the adjustment chamber 204. The piston 203 moves backward, reducing the volume of the adjustment chamber 204. Since the pressure groove 301 is connected to the adjustment chamber 204, when the volume of the adjustment chamber 204 decreases, the overall volume of the space where the negative pressure is located decreases, resulting in a reduction in the negative pressure within the pressure groove 301. As the air pressure decreases and the sealing block 402 is mechanically locked by the limiting component, the traction plate 6 undergoes a slight displacement toward the patient under the action of tissue elastic recoil force or its own gravity, which reduces the actual traction force of the traction plate 6 on the flap, allowing the flap tissue to obtain a brief period of stress relaxation.

[0067] As the ring 101 continues to rotate, the engagement of the first half-gear (toothed portion) of the first incomplete gear set 102 with the second incomplete gear set 107 ends. When the ring 101 rotates past the second incomplete gear set 107 again, the second half-gear (its teeth are offset by 180 degrees from the first) on the first incomplete gear set 102 begins to engage with the corresponding half-gear on the same second incomplete gear set 107. This second engagement drives the second incomplete gear set 107 to rotate another half-turn, and the cylinder 104 also rotates another half-turn. The spiral groove 106 pushes the protrusion 105 (and piston 203) to move in the opposite direction (forward), returning to the initial position. After the piston 203 resets, the volume of the adjusting cavity 204 is restored, and the negative pressure in the groove is restored to the initial set value. The restoration of negative pressure causes the traction plate 6 to be pulled back or stabilized in its previous position, and the traction force on the skin flap is also restored, continuing to maintain effective surgical field exposure.

[0068] The ring 101 rotates continuously. The design of the first incomplete gear set 102 ensures that within a preset cycle of one rotation, it will only sequentially complete the aforementioned two engagements (decompression and reset) with one of the second incomplete gear sets 107, and then disengage. When the ring 101 rotates to the next angle, the first incomplete gear set 102 will enter the engagement cycle with the next adjacent second incomplete gear set 107, repeating the aforementioned decompression-reset process. This cycle repeats continuously, and all traction points on the second carrier 2 are triggered sequentially and individually, with each point periodically experiencing a dynamic process of "traction-brief decompression-resumption of traction". Because the triggering is sequential, at any given time, most traction points are in an effective traction state, ensuring the continuous stability of the overall surgical field.

[0069] Throughout the operation of the device, a displacement monitoring unit (parallel plate capacitor) fixed between the sealing block 402 and the traction plate 6 monitors the distance change between them in real time. This distance signal is transmitted to the control unit. The control unit converts the distance change into the actual traction force value of the current flap in real time according to the physical model of the air pressure system (or a pre-calibrated curve), and drives the display unit (such as the display screen on the outside of each second carrier 2) to display the traction force information in real time for the surgeon to monitor.

[0070] An integrated blood flow monitoring unit (laser Doppler flowmeter) near the traction plate 6 continuously monitors the microcirculation blood flow signal in the superficial layer of the flap and transmits the data to the control unit. The control unit analyzes the blood flow data according to a preset algorithm (such as the percentage decrease from the baseline or an absolute threshold). When the blood flow in a certain area of ​​the flap is detected to be consistently below the safe threshold, the control unit immediately triggers the alarm unit, activating an audible and visual alarm (buzzer sounds, LED flashes), and simultaneously highlights the abnormal point on the display unit, reminding the surgeon to intervene in a timely manner (such as checking the traction position, adjusting traction parameters, or addressing vascular problems).

[0071] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A skin flap pulling device for breast cancer surgery, a first carrier (1), a plurality of second carriers (2) are slidably connected on the first carrier (1), a sleeve rod (3), a pull rod (4) and a pulling plate (6) are arranged on each second carrier (2), the sleeve rod (3) is fixedly connected with the second carrier (2); characterized in that, Each sleeve rod (3) is provided with a pressure groove (301). The pull rod (4) and the pull plate (6) are slidably connected to the sleeve rod (3) through the pressure groove (301). Each pressure groove (301) is provided with a limit component and a pressure regulating component. The limit component is used to limit the displacement of the pull rod (4), and the pressure regulating component is used to regulate the pressure in the pressure groove (301). It also includes a periodic triggering mechanism, which is used to trigger the pressure regulating component to complete the decompression and reset in sequence within a preset period.

2. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting component includes a sealing block (402), which is fixedly connected to the end of the pull rod (4) near the pull plate (6). The sealing block (402) is slidably engaged with the air pressure groove (301). Several limiting grooves (302) are provided on the inner wall of the air pressure groove (301). A sliding groove (404) and a through groove (406) are provided in the sealing block (402). The sliding groove (404) and the through groove (406) are connected. The sliding groove (404) is arranged along the length of the pull rod (4). A limiting block (405) is slidably engaged in the through groove (406). When the limiting block (405) moves away from the sliding groove (404), the limiting block (405) engages with the limiting groove (302). A conical block (405) is slidably connected in the sliding groove (404). 03), each of the pull rods (4) is slidably connected to an inner rod (401). One end of the inner rod (401) extends into the slide groove (404) and is fixedly connected to the conical block (403). A return spring is provided between the conical block (403) and the inner wall of the slide groove (404). The two ends of the return spring are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical block (403) and the slide groove (404) respectively. When the conical block (403) approaches the pull plate (6), the conical block (403) pushes the limit block (405) away from the slide groove (404). An attraction component is also provided between the limit block (405) and the conical block (403). The attraction component is used to pull the limit block (405) back into the through groove (406) when the conical block (403) moves away from the pull plate (6).

3. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The air pressure regulating assembly includes a regulating chamber (204) connected to one side of the air pressure groove (301), and a piston (203) is slidably connected inside the regulating chamber (204).

4. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The periodic triggering mechanism includes an annular groove (207) opened in the first carrier (1), a ring (101) slidingly fitted in the annular groove (207), a gear ring (103) coaxially fixedly connected to the ring (101), a transmission gear meshing with the gear ring (103), a power component driving the transmission gear to rotate; a first incomplete gear set (102) is provided in the ring (101), and a second incomplete gear set (107) is provided in both the second carrier (2). Within a preset period, the first incomplete gear set (102) meshes with any one of the second incomplete gear sets (107) twice; a cylinder (104) is coaxially fixedly connected to the second incomplete gear set (107), a spiral groove (106) is opened circumferentially on the outer side of the cylinder (104), a protrusion (105) slidingly fitted on the spiral groove (106), and the protrusion (105) is fixedly connected to the piston (203).

5. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first incomplete gear set (102) and the second incomplete gear set (107) each include a pair of half gears, which are coaxially interlocked and fixedly connected. When the half gear in the first incomplete gear set (102) meshes with the half gear in the second incomplete gear set (107), the currently meshing half gear rotates half a revolution.

6. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first incomplete gear set (102) and the second incomplete gear set (107) include shaped gears. The sides of the shaped gears are parallelograms. When the shaped gear in the first incomplete gear set (102) meshes with the shaped gear in the second incomplete gear set (107), the currently meshing shaped gear rotates half a revolution.

7. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing mechanism for fixing the second carrier (2) is provided between the first carrier (1) and the second carrier (2). The fixing mechanism includes a conical groove (201) opened in the second carrier (2). A number of limiting balls (202) are provided in the conical groove (201). A plug plate (7) is slidably connected at the axis of the conical groove (201). The two ends of the plug plate (7) extend into the conical groove (201) and out of the second carrier (2). When the plug plate (7) is inserted between the limiting balls (202), the limiting balls (202) abut against the inner wall of the conical groove (201) and the first carrier (1).

8. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 7, characterized in that, A second spring (206) is provided between the limiting ball (202) and the inner wall of the conical groove (201).

9. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, A displacement monitoring unit is provided between the sealing block (402) and the tension plate (6). The displacement monitoring unit is used to detect the distance between the sealing block (402) and the tension plate (6). The displacement monitoring unit is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit is electrically connected to the display unit. The control unit is used to convert the distance into tension information and control the operation of the display unit. The display unit is used to display the tension information.

10. The flap traction device for breast cancer surgery according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a blood flow monitoring unit and an alarm unit; the blood flow monitoring unit is used to monitor the microcirculation blood flow of the flap tissue; the alarm unit is used to send alarm signals; the control unit is also used to control the operation of the alarm unit based on the microcirculation blood flow.

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