Planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by substrate integrated waveguide

Abstract

This invention provides a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate-integrated waveguide, belonging to the field of antennas. The dielectric layer includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate stacked together. A first metal layer is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; a second metal layer is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate and is connected to the first metal layer through metal vias. The dielectric layer includes a feed end, a transmission end, and a radiating end connected in sequence. The radiating end includes a tapered gradient structure and a guiding dielectric block. One end of the first metal layer is connected to the feed port through a tapered microstrip line located at the feed end, and the first metal layer is located at the transmission end. The other end of the first metal layer is connected to one end of the tapered gradient structure through a tapered slot, and the other end of the tapered gradient structure is connected to the guiding dielectric block. A tapered slot is formed at the end of the second metal layer near the radiating end. This invention solves the problems of low mode conversion efficiency, narrow impedance matching bandwidth, poor in-band gain stability, and high sidelobe level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G to 6G communication and high-precision millimeter-wave radar technology, the millimeter-wave frequency band has become a core technology carrier in fields such as wireless communication, intelligent driving, and industrial measurement and control. Among them, the 33GHz-42GHz frequency band belongs to the 5G millimeter-wave operating frequency band, covering the core commercial frequency band of 5G millimeter-wave planned by my country's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It has the advantages of low atmospheric attenuation and ultra-wide continuous bandwidth, which puts stringent requirements on the adaptable antennas, such as wide-band coverage, high stable gain, low profile for easy integration, low transmission loss, and low-cost mass production.

[0003] Dielectric end-fire antennas (including dielectric rod and dielectric rod antennas) are pure dielectric structure traveling wave antennas. With the advantages of low conductor loss, natural end-fire characteristics, wide bandwidth, high gain, and easy processing, they are the mainstream solution for millimeter-wave directional radiation scenarios. The current mainstream metal waveguide-fed dielectric rod antennas can achieve high gain and radiation efficiency in specific frequency bands, but they have inherent defects that seriously restrict large-scale applications: (1) The three-dimensional waveguide structure is large in volume and high in profile, and cannot be coplanarly integrated with low loss planar RF links. An additional transition structure needs to be designed, which greatly increases the volume, cost, and high frequency transmission loss, and there is also the problem of high back radiation; (2) Traditional single-layer dielectric rods have narrow gain bandwidth and limited performance. Double-layer dielectric rods with different permittivity can improve performance, but they have the problems of complex process and high cost, and poor in-band gain and impedance matching stability; (3) The millimeter-wave band waveguide processing and assembly accuracy requirements are extremely high, the mass production cost is high, and the product consistency is difficult to guarantee; (4) The antenna has a large lateral size, which cannot achieve high-density array integration and is difficult to adapt to the multi-channel array application requirements.

[0004] In addition, existing planar integrated dielectric antenna solutions generally suffer from problems such as low mode conversion efficiency, narrow impedance matching bandwidth, poor in-band gain stability, and high sidelobe level, making it impossible to simultaneously meet the multiple design requirements of wide-band coverage, stable high gain, low-profile integration, and low-cost mass production.

[0005] Therefore, developing a dielectric rod antenna with stable in-band gain, low profile for easy integration, low loss, and easy mass production has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to solve the problems of low mode conversion efficiency, narrow impedance matching bandwidth, poor in-band gain stability, and high sidelobe level in existing dielectric antennas.

[0007] This invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution: a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, comprising:

[0008] The dielectric layer includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate stacked together. The first metal layer is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; The second metal layer is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the second metal layer is connected to the first metal layer through metal vias; The dielectric layer includes a feed end, a transmission end, and a radiation end connected in sequence. The radiation end includes a tapered gradient structure and a guide dielectric block. One end of the first metal layer is connected to the feed port through a tapered microstrip line located at the feed end. The first metal layer is located at the transmission end. The other end of the first metal layer is connected to one end of the tapered gradient structure through a tapered groove. The other end of the tapered gradient structure is connected to the guide dielectric block. A tapered groove is formed at the end of the second metal layer near the radiation end.

[0009] In the antenna of this invention, the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the transmission end constitute a substrate integrated waveguide. One end of the first metal layer is connected to the feed port via a tapered microstrip line, and the TEM mode to the substrate integrated waveguide is achieved through the tapered microstrip line. 10 The master mode conversion is achieved by setting a gradient groove as a coupling transition structure at one end where the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the tapered gradient structure connect. The gradient groove completes the TE of the substrate integrated waveguide. 10 Master mold to medium rod HE 11 The antenna exhibits a smooth transition of the dominant mode while suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes, resulting in excellent mode conversion efficiency. The tapered groove, acting as a transition structure, enables impedance matching between the tapered structure and the substrate-integrated waveguide, thereby improving the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0010] This invention loads a discrete guiding dielectric block at the radiating end of a dielectric rod antenna. The axial surface wave transmitted through the tapered, tapered structure can be coupled and excited by the guiding dielectric block nearby. The radiation field induced by the guiding dielectric block is coherently superimposed with the native end-fire field at the antenna end, effectively constraining the axial directional propagation of electromagnetic waves and suppressing lateral divergence and stray radiation. Simultaneously, the guiding dielectric block optimizes surface wave propagation, compresses the end-fire beamwidth, and concentrates axial radiated energy, thereby effectively improving the end-fire directional gain. Furthermore, increasing the thickness of the dielectric layer introduces higher-order mode radiation modes, which can improve the antenna's operating bandwidth, but also exacerbates the end-fire directional shift in the radiation pattern and the sidelobe level amplitude. This invention, by introducing the guiding dielectric block, solves the problems of directional shift and increased sidelobe level amplitude caused by microstrip line feeding and increased dielectric thickness.

[0011] Preferably, the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the transmission end constitute a substrate integrated waveguide. The radio frequency signal is fed in from the feed port, transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide via a tapered microstrip line, and the quasi-TEM mode is transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide via the tapered microstrip line. 10 The master mode conversion is achieved through a gradient groove in the substrate-integrated waveguide. 10 Master mold to medium rod HE 11 The master mode is converted, and the converted signal is transmitted to the guide medium block in the form of a slow wave along the tapered gradient structure.

[0012] Preferably, multiple metal vias are evenly distributed on both sides of the dielectric layer along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission.

[0013] Preferably, the width of the end of the tapered microstrip line connected to the first metal layer is greater than the width of the end of the tapered microstrip line connected to the feed port. This invention uses a tapered microstrip line as a microstrip line adapter to connect the feed and transmission ends of the dielectric layer, achieving the conversion between a 50-ohm microstrip line and a substrate integrated waveguide. This microstrip line adapter covers the entire single-mode region of the substrate integrated waveguide, providing a wide operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the microstrip line adapter has a simple structure and can be fabricated using low-cost PCB technology. Compared to existing dielectric antennas, the antenna of this invention has the advantages of integration, miniaturization, low cost, and ease of fabrication.

[0014] Preferably, the gradient groove is an isosceles triangle, with the side opposite the vertex of the isosceles triangle located at the junction of the transmission end and the radiation end.

[0015] Preferably, along the transmission direction of the radio frequency signal, the width of the tapered gradient structure decreases sequentially, and the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure connected to the guide dielectric block is less than the length of the guide dielectric block.

[0016] Preferably, the guiding dielectric block includes a plurality of directors arranged in a uniformly spaced sequence along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission, with adjacent directors connected by a dielectric layer.

[0017] Preferably, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are connected by an adhesive layer, and the dielectric layer is integrally formed. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both made of Rogers 3010 with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0022. The adhesive layer is made of FSD1020 with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.004.

[0018] Preferably, the diameter of the metal via is 0.4 mm, the spacing between adjacent metal vias along the radio frequency signal transmission direction is 0.6 mm, and the spacing between two rows of metal vias along the direction perpendicular to the radio frequency signal transmission direction is 3 mm.

[0019] Preferably, the tapered gradient structure has a length of 20mm along the radio frequency signal transmission direction, the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure connected to the transmission end is 2.6mm, the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure connected to the guide medium block is 0.2mm, the length of the guide is 2.5mm, the width of the guide is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the guide is 1.27mm. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0021] Figure 1 A perspective view of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A bottom view of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 The return loss of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, provided in an embodiment of the present invention, varies with frequency. Figure 5 The maximum end-fire gain of the substrate-integrated waveguide-fed planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention varies with frequency. Figure 6 33 GHz E-plane main polarization and cross-polarization gain patterns of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, provided for embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 38 GHz E-plane main polarization and cross-polarization gain patterns of a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate-integrated waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 The 42GHz E-plane main polarization and cross-polarization gain patterns of the planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide provided in this embodiment of the invention; In the figure: 11 gradient microstrip line, 12 first metal layer, 13 gradient groove, 21 first dielectric substrate, 22 adhesive layer, 23 second dielectric substrate, 30 second metal layer, 40 metal via, 50 tapered gradient structure, 60 guide dielectric block, 61 guide.

[0022] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, including: a dielectric layer, a first metal layer 12, and a second metal layer 30, establishing... Figure 1 The coordinate system shown is o-xyz, with the x-axis parallel to the RF signal transmission direction. The dielectric layer includes a first dielectric substrate 21 and a second dielectric substrate 23 stacked together. The dielectric layer formed by stacking the first dielectric substrate 21 and the second dielectric substrate 23 can increase the thickness of the dielectric substrate, reduce the overall frequency of the antenna, introduce higher-order mode radiation, and optimize and improve the operating bandwidth. The x-axis is parallel to the length direction of the first dielectric substrate 21, the y-axis is parallel to the width direction of the first dielectric substrate 21, and the z-axis is parallel to the thickness direction of the first dielectric substrate 21. The first dielectric substrate 21 and the second dielectric substrate 23 are connected by an adhesive layer 22, and the dielectric layer is integrally formed. The material of the first dielectric substrate 21 and the second dielectric substrate 23 is Rogers 3010, with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0022. The thickness of the first dielectric substrate 21 is 1.27 mm, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 23 is 0.254 mm. The adhesive layer 22 is made of FSD1020 with a dielectric constant of 10.2, a dielectric loss tangent of 0.004, and a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0025] The first metal layer 12 is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 21, and the second metal layer 30 is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 23. The second metal layer 30 is connected to the first metal layer 13 through metal vias 40. Multiple metal vias 40 are evenly distributed on both sides of the dielectric layer along the transmission direction of the radio frequency signal. The dielectric layer includes a feed end, a transmission end, and a radiation end connected in sequence. The radiation end includes a tapered gradient structure 50 and a dielectric guide block 60. One end of the first metal layer 12 is connected to the feed port through a tapered microstrip line 11. A 50-ohm microstrip line is provided at the feed port, with a length of 1 mm and a width of 0.35 mm. The tapered microstrip line 11 is located at the feed end and has a length of 2.15 mm. The first metal layer 12 is located at the transmission end, and the width of the end of the tapered microstrip line 11 connected to the first metal layer 12 is greater than the width of the end of the tapered microstrip line 11 connected to the feed port. The width of the end of the gradient microstrip line 11 connected to the feed port is 1.15 mm.

[0026] The other end of the first metal layer 12 is connected to one end of the tapered tapered structure 50 through a tapered groove 13. The other end of the tapered tapered structure 50 is connected to the guiding medium block 60. The tapered groove 13 is opened at the end of the second metal layer 30 near the radiation end.

[0027] Along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission, the width of the tapered gradient structure 50 decreases sequentially, and the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure 50 connected to the guiding dielectric block 60 is less than the length of the guiding dielectric block 60. The guiding dielectric block 60 includes a plurality of directors 61 arranged at uniform intervals along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission, and adjacent directors 61 are connected through a dielectric layer.

[0028] This invention loads discrete director dielectric blocks 60 at the radiating end of a dielectric rod antenna. The axial surface waves transmitted by the tapered gradient structure 50 can be coupled and excited by the director dielectric blocks 60 nearby. The radiation fields induced by each director are coherently superimposed with the original end-fire field at the antenna end, which can effectively constrain the axial directional propagation of electromagnetic waves and suppress lateral divergence and stray radiation. At the same time, the directors can optimize surface wave propagation, compress the end-fire beamwidth, and concentrate axial radiation energy, thereby effectively improving the end-fire directional gain. The low-frequency gain of the antenna in the operating frequency band is increased by 1 dBi, and the high-frequency gain is increased by 2 dBi.

[0029] Furthermore, the dielectric layer includes a first dielectric substrate 21 and a second dielectric substrate 23 stacked together. Increasing the thickness of the dielectric layer introduces higher-order mode radiation modes, which can improve the antenna's operating bandwidth, but also causes end-fire direction shift in the radiation pattern and aggravates sidelobe level amplitude. This invention solves the problems of end-fire direction shift and aggravated sidelobe level amplitude caused by microstrip line feeding and increased dielectric thickness by introducing a guiding dielectric block 60.

[0030] In this invention, the gradient groove 13 is an isosceles triangle, and the side opposite the vertex of the isosceles triangle is located at the junction of the transmission end and the radiation end.

[0031] The first metal layer 12, the second metal layer 30, and the transmission terminal constitute a substrate integrated waveguide. The fundamental mode operating frequency of the substrate integrated waveguide is 30 GHz. The radio frequency signal is fed in from the feed port, transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide via the tapered microstrip line 11, and the quasi-TEM mode is transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide via the tapered microstrip line 11. 10 The master mode conversion is achieved through the gradient groove 13 to complete the TE of the substrate integrated waveguide. 10 Master mold to medium rod HE 11 The main mode is converted, and the converted signal is transmitted in slow wave form along the tapered gradient structure 50 to the guiding dielectric block 60. By setting a gradient groove 13 between the transmission end and the radiation end as a transition structure, impedance matching between the tapered gradient structure 50 and the substrate integrated waveguide can be achieved, thereby improving the operating bandwidth of the antenna.

[0032] This invention uses a tapered microstrip line 11 as a microstrip line adapter to connect the feed end and the transmission end of the dielectric layer, realizing the conversion between a 50-ohm microstrip line and a substrate integrated waveguide. This microstrip line adapter covers the entire single-mode region of the substrate integrated waveguide and has a wide operating bandwidth. In addition, the microstrip line adapter has a simple structure and can be processed using low-cost PCB technology. Compared with existing dielectric antennas, the antenna of this invention has the advantages of integration, miniaturization, low cost, and ease of processing.

[0033] The diameter of the metal via 40 is 0.4 mm, the spacing between adjacent metal vias along the RF signal transmission direction is 0.6 mm, and the spacing between two rows of metal vias perpendicular to the RF signal transmission direction is 3 mm. The length of the tapered gradient structure 50 along the RF signal transmission direction is 20 mm. By adjusting the length of the tapered gradient structure 50, the radiation gain can be improved. In practical applications, to balance gain and size, a suitable size for the tapered gradient structure 50 can be selected. The width of the end of the tapered gradient structure 50 connected to the transmission end is 2.6 mm, the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure 50 connected to the guide dielectric block 60 is 0.2 mm, the length of the director 61 is 2.5 mm, the width of the director 61 is 0.7 mm, and the thickness of the director 61 is 1.27 mm.

[0034] The working principle of the planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by the substrate integrated waveguide of the present invention is as follows: the radio frequency signal is input through a 50-ohm microstrip line, transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide through the tapered microstrip line 11, and the quasi-TEM mode is transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide through the tapered microstrip line 11. 10 In practice, the conversion of the master model can be based on the set TE. 10The operating frequency band design of the main mode optimizes the width of the substrate integrated waveguide, enabling low-loss planar transmission of electromagnetic waves within the substrate integrated waveguide structure.

[0035] Regarding impedance matching, this invention employs a tapered groove as the coupling transition structure. The root of the dielectric rod is designed as a tapered tapered structure and embedded in the open cavity of the substrate integrated waveguide terminal. The tapered groove achieves the impedance matching of SI. 10 The smooth transition from the mode field distribution to the HE mode field distribution of the dielectric rod is achieved, while suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes, resulting in good mode conversion efficiency.

[0036] The equivalent wave impedance of the substrate integrated waveguide is naturally different from the input wave impedance of the tapered gradient structure 50. This invention achieves a wideband smooth transition from the 50-ohm standard impedance of the substrate integrated waveguide to the input impedance of the tapered gradient structure 50 through the tapered groove 13, controlling the return loss of the antenna to below -10dB, and ensuring that the radio frequency energy is better coupled from the tapered gradient structure 50 to the guide dielectric block 60.

[0037] The gradient groove 13 formed on the first metal layer 12 and the second metal layer 30 is located at the end of the substrate integrated waveguide. The gradient groove 13 will connect the TE 10 The main mode electromagnetic wave is efficiently coupled to the starting end of the tapered gradient structure 50, exciting the HE radiation mode of the tapered gradient structure 50, and simultaneously completing impedance matching across the entire frequency band.

[0038] At the radiating end, electromagnetic waves propagate along the axis in the form of slow waves within a tapered, gradually changing structure 50, whose dielectric constant is much higher than that of air. Through the axial length and the tapered end face design that satisfy the optimal end-firing conditions, as well as the combined effect of discrete guiding dielectric blocks, the radiation fields along the line are superimposed in phase in the end-firing direction, ultimately forming a high-gain, low-sidelobe end-firing beam.

[0039] The substrate-integrated waveguide-fed planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna of this invention was modeled and simulated using the simulation software HFSS. The simulation results are as follows: Figures 4 to 8 As shown, where, Figure 4 The graph showing the return loss of the substrate-integrated waveguide-fed planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna provided in this embodiment of the invention varies with frequency from 33 GHz to 42 GHz. It can be seen that within the 33 GHz to 42 GHz frequency range, the |S11| parameter is less than -10 dB, and the antenna impedance bandwidth is 24%. This indicates that the present invention has excellent impedance bandwidth characteristics. Figure 5 The maximum gain of the planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by the substrate integrated waveguide provided in the embodiment of the present invention varies with frequency in the end-fire direction from 33GHz to 42GHz. It can be seen that the gain is higher than 6.8dBi in the impedance bandwidth and higher than 10dBi in most of the frequency band. Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8The images show the main polarization and cross-polarization gain patterns of the planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by the substrate integrated waveguide provided in the embodiments of the present invention at 33 GHz, 38 GHz, and 42 GHz, respectively. It can be seen that the cross-polarization of the antenna is much lower than that of the main polarization in the frequency range of 33 GHz-42 GHz, and the linear polarization performance is good.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide, characterized in that: include: The dielectric layer includes a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate stacked together. The first metal layer is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate; The second metal layer is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate, and the second metal layer is connected to the first metal layer through metal vias; The dielectric layer includes a feed end, a transmission end, and a radiation end connected in sequence. The radiation end includes a tapered gradient structure and a guide dielectric block. One end of the first metal layer is connected to the feed port through a tapered microstrip line located at the feed end. The first metal layer is located at the transmission end. The other end of the first metal layer is connected to one end of the tapered gradient structure through a tapered groove. The other end of the tapered gradient structure is connected to the guide dielectric block. A tapered groove is formed at the end of the second metal layer near the radiation end.

2. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first metal layer, the second metal layer and the transmission end constitute a substrate integrated waveguide, a radio frequency signal is fed from a feed port, transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide through the tapered microstrip line, and the conversion of the quasi-TEM mode to the TE 10 main mode of the substrate integrated waveguide is completed through the tapered slot 10 main mode to the dielectric rod HE 11 main mode, and the converted signal is transmitted to the dielectric block in the form of a slow wave along the tapered structure.

3. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple metal vias are evenly distributed on both sides of the dielectric layer along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission.

4. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the end of the gradient microstrip line connected to the first metal layer is greater than the width of the end of the gradient microstrip line connected to the feed port.

5. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient groove is an isosceles triangle, with the side opposite the vertex of the isosceles triangle located at the junction of the transmission end and the radiation end.

6. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission, the width of the tapered gradient structure decreases sequentially, and the width of the end of the tapered gradient structure connected to the guide dielectric block is less than the length of the guide dielectric block.

7. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding dielectric block includes multiple directors arranged at uniform intervals along the direction of radio frequency signal transmission, with adjacent directors connected by a dielectric layer.

8. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are connected by an adhesive layer, and the dielectric layer is integrally formed. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both made of Rogers 3010 with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0022. The adhesive layer is made of FSD1020 with a dielectric constant of 10.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.

004.

9. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the metal via is 0.4 mm, the spacing between adjacent metal vias along the RF signal transmission direction is 0.6 mm, and the spacing between two rows of metal vias along the direction perpendicular to the RF signal transmission direction is 3 mm.

10. The planar end-fire dielectric rod antenna fed by a substrate integrated waveguide according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tapered gradient structure has a length of 20mm along the RF signal transmission direction, a width of 2.6mm at the end connected to the transmission end, a width of 0.2mm at the end connected to the guide medium block, a length of 2.5mm, a width of 0.7mm, and a thickness of 1.27mm.

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