Battery module

Abstract

This application discloses a battery module, including a switching circuit; a driver chip, which outputs a switching signal to turn the switching circuit on or off, and stops outputting the switching signal when the voltage input to the driver chip is less than a preset voltage threshold; and a protection circuit, which reduces the voltage input to the driver chip so that the input voltage of the driver chip is less than a first preset voltage, where the first preset voltage is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip. This design prevents the switching circuit from operating under unstable control conditions, thus protecting the battery module and improving the reliability, stability, and safety of the system. Furthermore, it protects the driver chip, effectively preventing the impact of excessively high voltage on the driver chip, extending its lifespan, and further improving the stability of the battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage power technology, and more specifically, to a battery module. Background Technology

[0002] Current power switch driver chips do not control or monitor their own state (e.g., voltage state, current state, etc.).

[0003] When the power switch driver chip drives the battery's switching device or switching circuit at a low voltage (e.g., less than the driving voltage threshold required to drive the switching device or switching circuit), the switching device or switching circuit may not be able to turn on completely, causing the switching device or switching circuit to be in a high impedance intermediate state, resulting in greater power loss and heat generation, which in turn damages the switching device or switching circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a battery module. When the driver chip of the battery module is undervoltage, its output signal can be cut off, preventing damage to switching components or circuits.

[0005] The battery module of this application includes: a switching circuit; a driver chip, the driver chip being used to output a switching signal to drive the switching circuit to turn on or off, and to stop outputting the switching signal when the voltage input to the driver chip is less than a preset voltage threshold; and a protection circuit, the protection circuit being used to reduce the voltage input to the driver chip so that the input voltage of the driver chip is less than a first preset voltage, the first preset voltage being the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

[0006] In some embodiments, the driver chip includes: a first pin connected to the switching circuit, the driver chip being used to output a switching signal through the first pin to drive the switching circuit to turn on or off; a second pin connected to a power supply of a second preset voltage generated by the battery module; and the driver chip controlling the first pin to stop outputting the switching signal when the voltage at the second pin is less than a preset voltage threshold.

[0007] In some embodiments, the input terminal of the protection circuit is connected to a power supply with a second preset voltage generated by the battery module, and the output terminal is connected to the second pin. The protection circuit is used to step down the power supply so that the input voltage of the second pin is less than a first preset voltage, where the first preset voltage is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

[0008] In some implementations, the protection circuit includes a step-down resistor located between the power supply and the second pin.

[0009] In some embodiments, the protection circuit further includes a first diode located between the step-down resistor and the power supply. The anode of the first diode is connected to the step-down resistor, and the cathode is connected to the power supply. The breakdown voltage of the first diode is a third preset voltage, which is determined based on the voltage at which the switching circuit triggers undervoltage protection.

[0010] In some implementations, the third preset voltage is 8 volts.

[0011] In some embodiments, the protection circuit includes: a step-down circuit, the step-down circuit including a step-down resistor, the step-down resistor including a first step-down resistor and a second step-down resistor, the power supply, the first step-down resistor, the second step-down resistor and the second pin being connected in sequence; a voltage regulator circuit, the first terminal of the voltage regulator circuit being connected between the first step-down resistor and the second step-down resistor, the second terminal of the voltage regulator circuit being connected to ground; the voltage regulator circuit including a second diode, the cathode of the second diode being connected to the first terminal, the anode of the second diode being connected to the second terminal, the breakdown voltage of the second diode being a fourth preset voltage, the fourth preset voltage being determined based on the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

[0012] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator circuit further includes a protection resistor, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal.

[0013] In some embodiments, the protection circuit further includes a capacitor, the two ends of which are connected to the power supply and the ground terminal, respectively.

[0014] In some embodiments, the driver chip further includes a third pin, which is connected to a power source of a second preset voltage generated by the battery module, and the third pin is used to power the driver chip.

[0015] In some embodiments, the switching circuit includes a plurality of switching elements, said switching elements including metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

[0016] The battery module of this application includes a switching circuit, a driver chip, and a protection circuit. The driver chip outputs a switching signal to turn the switching circuit on or off. When the voltage input to the driver chip is less than a preset voltage threshold, the driver chip stops outputting the switching signal to prevent the switching circuit from operating under unstable control, thereby protecting the battery module and improving the reliability, stability, and safety of the system. The protection circuit reduces the voltage input to the driver chip so that the input voltage of the driver chip is less than a first preset voltage. The second preset voltage is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip, which protects the driver chip and effectively avoids the impact of excessive voltage on the driver chip, improving the service life of the driver chip and further improving the stability of the battery module.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driver chip of the battery module in some embodiments of this application.

[0020] Key component diagram descriptions:

[0021] 1000, Battery module; 100, Switching circuit; 11-15, MOSFET; 16, Distribution resistor; 17, First switching circuit protection resistor; 18, Second switching circuit protection resistor; 200, Driver chip; 21, First pin; 22, Second pin; 23, Third pin; 24, Fourth pin; 300, Protection circuit; 31, Capacitor; 32, First diode; 301, Buck circuit; 33, First buck resistor; 34, Second buck resistor; 302, Voltage regulator circuit; 35, Second diode; 36, Protection resistor; 400, Power supply; 500, Controller; 51, Isolation resistor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of this application, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two or three, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] To facilitate understanding of this application, the background technology of this application is introduced below:

[0026] In batteries (e.g., lithium iron phosphate batteries), a power switch driver chip is typically used. This chip sends electrical signals to control the switching on and off of various switching devices or circuits, thereby enabling the power supply circuit to be turned on and off. In this process, the power switch driver chip generally provides drive amplification and level conversion functions. Drive amplification refers to amplifying the signal controlling the switching device or circuit (e.g., a current signal) into a sufficiently large current to ensure the device or circuit can switch normally. Level conversion refers to converting the control signal (e.g., a voltage signal) into a signal at a voltage level compatible with the switching device or circuit.

[0027] Because the power switch driver chip does not control or monitor its own state (e.g., voltage state, current state, etc.), when the power switch driver chip drives the switch or switching circuit at a low voltage (e.g., less than the drive voltage threshold required to drive the switch or switching circuit), the switch or switching circuit may not be able to be fully turned on, causing the switch or switching circuit to be in a high impedance intermediate state, thereby generating large power loss and heat, and thus damaging the switch or switching circuit.

[0028] Therefore, monitoring power switch driver chips is a problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field.

[0029] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a battery module, taking a lithium iron phosphate battery module as an example. The battery module of this application will be described in detail below:

[0030] Please see Figure 1 The battery module 1000 according to the embodiments of this application includes:

[0031] Switching circuit 100;

[0032] The driver chip 200 is used to output a switching signal to drive the switch circuit 100 to turn on or off. When the input voltage of the driver chip 200 is less than a preset voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 stops outputting the switching signal.

[0033] The protection circuit 300 is used to reduce the voltage of the input driver chip 200 so that the input voltage of the driver chip 200 is less than a first preset voltage, which is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200.

[0034] The switching signal can be a control signal, such as a high-level signal (or a low-level signal, etc.) used to control the switching circuit 100 to be turned on or off.

[0035] Optionally, the switching circuit 100 includes a plurality of switching elements, including metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

[0036] The switching device includes a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS transistor). For example, please refer to... Figure 1 The switching circuit 100 may include five MOSFETs: MOSFET 11, MOSFET 12, MOSFET 13, MOSFET 14, and MOSFET 15. The driver chip 200 can send a drive signal through the first pin 21 to control the turn-on or turn-off of each MOSFET. For example, the switching device may also include a distribution resistor 16, such as... Figure 1 As shown, each MOSFET is equipped with a corresponding distribution resistor of 16.

[0037] The driver chip 200 can be a driver chip 200 with high pump current capability, and the driver chip 200 has a low requirement for the drive current input to the driver chip 200 (for example, the input current requirement can be 10 mA, 15 mA, etc.). For example, it can be an Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer (ARM) chip or a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip, etc.

[0038] If the voltage of the input driver chip 200 is less than the preset voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 can be considered to be unable to work stably. If the driver chip 200 works under a voltage threshold, it may be unable to drive the switch circuit 100 stably (leading to overcurrent damage to the switch circuit 100, etc.), thereby damaging the battery module 1000, etc.

[0039] Optionally, the driver chip includes a MOS driver chip with an enable pin (EN pin), for example, a driver chip of model MD18624.

[0040] The first preset voltage can be a value such as 4V, 5V, or 6V. The protection circuit 300 is used to reduce the voltage of the input driver chip 200. The driver chip 200 needs to operate within a preset voltage range. If the voltage of the input driver chip 200 exceeds the preset voltage range, it may cause damage to the internal circuitry of the driver chip 200. Therefore, by setting the protection circuit 300 to reduce the voltage of the input driver chip 200, further protection is provided for the driver chip 200.

[0041] Specifically, the battery module 1000 includes a switching circuit 100, a driver chip 200, and a protection circuit 300. The driver chip 200 can output a switching signal (e.g., a high-level or low-level switching signal), which can control the switching circuit 100 to be turned on or off (e.g., when the driver chip 200 outputs a high-level switching signal, the switching circuit 100 can be turned on; when the driver chip 200 outputs a low-level switching signal, the switching circuit 100 can be turned off). Due to the hardware characteristics of the driver chip 200, if the driver chip 200 operates under an under-level condition, it is easy to encounter a situation where it cannot stably drive the switching circuit 100 (e.g., the switching circuit 100 may not be able to be fully turned on or off, thus failing to be effectively driven), leading to overheating or even damage to the switching circuit 100. Therefore, by controlling the driver chip 200 to stop outputting the switching signal when the voltage is lower than a preset voltage threshold, the switching circuit 100 is prevented from operating under unstable control, thus protecting the battery module 1000 and improving the system's reliability, stability, and safety. Furthermore, the battery module 1000 is also equipped with a protection circuit 300, which reduces the voltage input to the driver chip 200 to protect the driver chip 200, effectively preventing the impact of excessive voltage on the driver chip 200, extending the lifespan of the driver chip 200, and further improving the stability of the battery module 1000.

[0042] Thus, the battery module 1000 is equipped with a switching circuit 100, a driver chip 200, and a protection circuit 300. The driver chip 200 is used to output a switching signal to drive the switching circuit 100 to turn on or off. When the voltage input to the driver chip 200 is less than a preset voltage threshold, the output of the switching signal is stopped, preventing the switching circuit 100 from working under unstable control, thereby protecting the battery module 1000 and improving the reliability, stability, and safety of the system. The protection circuit 300 is used to reduce the voltage input to the driver chip 200 so that the input voltage of the driver chip 200 is less than a first preset voltage. The second preset voltage is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200, which protects the driver chip 200 and effectively avoids the impact of excessive voltage on the driver chip 200, improving the service life of the driver chip 200 and further improving the stability of the battery module 1000.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the driver chip 200 includes:

[0044] The first pin 21 is connected to the switching circuit 100 of the battery module 1000. The driver chip 200 is used to output a switching signal through the first pin 21 to drive the switching circuit 100 to turn on or off.

[0045] The second pin 22 is connected to the power supply 400 that generates the second preset voltage from the battery module 1000.

[0046] When the voltage at the second pin 22 is less than a preset voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 controls the first pin 21 to stop outputting the switching signal.

[0047] The second preset voltage can be 4.8V, 4.5V, 4V, 3.8V, 3V, etc.

[0048] For example, taking the driver chip with model number MD18624 as an example, the second pin 22 can be the EN pin 22. When the voltage of the EN pin 22 is less than the preset voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 is controlled to stop outputting the switching signal.

[0049] Optionally, the driver chip 200 also includes a third pin 23, which is connected to the power supply 400 and is used to supply power to the driver chip 200.

[0050] Optionally, the driver chip 200 also includes a fourth pin 24, which is connected to the controller 500 of the battery module 1000 to receive signals from the controller 500.

[0051] The controller 500 can be an ARM controller 500 (Advanced RISC Machines, ARM), a digital signal processing controller 500 (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), etc. For example, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The controller 500 can send control signals to the driver chip 200 through the fourth pin 24. An isolation resistor 51 can also be set between the controller 500 and the fourth pin 24 to limit and regulate the current output by the controller 500 and avoid damaging the driver chip 200.

[0052] Specifically, the battery module 1000 generates a power supply 400 with a second preset voltage (e.g., 12V), which supplies power to the driver chip 200 via the third pin 23. The second pin 22 of the driver chip 200 is also connected to the power supply 400. The driver chip 200 can detect voltage via the second pin 22. For example, if the detected voltage is greater than a preset start-up voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 is considered to be in a high-level environment and can be started. The driver chip 200 can receive control signals from the controller 500 of the battery module 1000 via the fourth pin 24, and in the case of startup, outputs a switching signal from the first pin 21 to control the switching circuit 100 (e.g., a MOSFET) to turn on or off.

[0053] Please see Figure 1 The switching circuit 100 and the first pin 21 also include a first switching circuit protection resistor 17 and a second switching circuit protection resistor 18. The first switching circuit protection resistor 17 can provide protection for the gate and source of the MOSFET to prevent the gate from being floating. One end of the second switching circuit protection resistor 18 is connected to the first switching circuit protection resistor 17, and the other end is connected to the ground terminal to provide load impedance to ground to avoid overshoot and achieve amplitude stabilization.

[0054] If the voltage obtained from the second pin 22 is less than the preset voltage threshold, it can be assumed that the voltage of the power supply 400 is insufficient to support the driver chip 200 to control the switching circuit 100 to turn on or off. If the driver chip 200 continues to control the switching circuit 100 according to the received signal, the switching circuit 100 will not be able to turn on or off completely, which may damage the switching circuit 100. Therefore, the driver chip 200 can turn off the first pin 21, that is, the driver chip 200 can control the first pin 21 to stop outputting the switching signal controlling the switching circuit 100.

[0055] Since the driving chip 200 requires a small driving current (e.g., 10 mA is sufficient for driving), no traction effect will occur when a switching signal needs to be sent through the driving chip 200, thus preventing disturbances to the battery module 1000.

[0056] Thus, the driver chip 200 of the battery module 1000 includes a first pin 21 and a second pin 22. The first pin 21 is connected to the switching circuit 100 of the battery module 1000. The driver chip 200 is used to output a switching signal through the first pin 21 to drive the switching circuit 100 to turn on or off. The second pin 22 is connected to the power supply 400 of the second preset voltage generated by the battery module 1000 to monitor the voltage of the power supply 400 that supplies power to the driver chip 200. When the voltage of the second pin 22 is less than the preset voltage threshold, the driver chip 200 controls the first pin 21 to stop outputting the switching signal, which can prevent damage to the switching circuit 100 (e.g., MOSFET, etc.) (due to the driver chip 200 driving under insufficient supply voltage, the switching circuit 100 is in an intermediate state that cannot be fully turned on or completely turned off, which leads to damage to the switching circuit 100). This provides effective protection for the switching circuit 100 and the driver chip 200.

[0057] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the input terminal of the protection circuit 300 is connected to the power supply 400, and the output terminal is connected to the second pin 22. The protection circuit 300 is used to step down the power supply 400 so that the input voltage of the second pin 22 is less than a first preset voltage, which is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200.

[0058] The first preset voltage can be a voltage value such as 4V, 5V, or 6V. If the input voltage of the second pin 22 is greater than the first preset voltage, the driver chip 200 may be damaged.

[0059] Optionally, the protection circuit 300 also includes a capacitor 31, with its two ends connected to the power supply 400 and the ground terminal GND, respectively.

[0060] Specifically, the driver chip 200 determines the voltage of the power supply 400 based on the connected second pin 22. To prevent the driver chip 200 from being damaged by excessively high voltage in the power supply 400, the driver chip 200 also includes a protection circuit 300. The protection circuit 300 can reduce the voltage of the power supply 400 so that the input voltage at the second pin 22 is less than the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200 (i.e., the first preset voltage), thus preventing damage to the driver chip 200. The protection circuit 300 also includes a capacitor, with its two ends connected to the power supply 400 and the ground terminal, respectively. The capacitor has filtering and voltage regulation functions, which can help suppress high-frequency noise and interference, and improve the stability of the power supply 400.

[0061] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the protection circuit 300 includes a step-down resistor located between the power supply 400 and the second pin 22.

[0062] Optionally, the protection circuit 300 further includes a first diode 32, which is located between the step-down resistor and the power supply 400. The positive terminal of the first diode 32 is connected to the step-down resistor, and the negative terminal is connected to the power supply 400. The breakdown voltage of the first diode 32 is a third preset voltage, which is determined based on the voltage at which the switching circuit 100 triggers the undervoltage protection.

[0063] The third preset voltage is 8 volts.

[0064] The resistance value of the step-down resistor can be determined based on the voltage of the power supply 400 and the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200.

[0065] Specifically, the protection circuit 300 also includes reducing resistance (for example, see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 The step-down resistor can be at least one of the first step-down resistor 33 and the second step-down resistor 34. By using the step-down resistor, the power supply 400 can be stepped down to avoid the voltage at the second pin 22 being too high and damaging the driver chip 200.

[0066] When the voltage of power supply 400 reaches the third preset voltage (taking 8V as an example), it can be considered that power supply 400 can provide a stable voltage input to driver chip 200, and driver chip 200 will not experience undervoltage. Therefore, protection circuit 300 also includes a first diode 32, which is located between the step-down resistor and power supply 400. The positive terminal is connected to the step-down resistor, and the negative terminal is connected to power supply 400. When the voltage of power supply 400 is greater than the third preset voltage, the first diode 32 breaks down and conducts. Driver chip 200 controls each switching circuit 100 (MOSFET) to turn on or off according to the signal from controller 500. When the voltage of power supply 400 is less than the third preset voltage, the first diode 32 is turned off, and the second pin 22 cannot receive a voltage signal, that is, the voltage of the second pin 22 is less than the preset voltage threshold. Driver chip 200 controls the first pin 21 to stop outputting switching signals to protect driver chip 200, MOSFET, etc.

[0067] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the protection circuit 300 includes:

[0068] The step-down circuit 301 includes step-down resistors, including a first step-down resistor 33 and a second step-down resistor 34. The power supply 400, the first step-down resistor 33, the second step-down resistor 34, and the second pin 22 are connected in sequence.

[0069] The voltage regulator circuit 302 has its first terminal connected between the first step-down resistor 33 and the second step-down resistor 34, and its second terminal connected to the ground terminal.

[0070] The voltage regulator circuit 302 includes a second diode 35. The cathode of the second diode 35 is connected to the first terminal, and the anode of the second diode 35 is connected to the second terminal. The breakdown voltage of the second diode 35 is a fourth preset voltage, which is determined based on the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200.

[0071] Optionally, the voltage regulator circuit 302 also includes a protection resistor 36, with its two ends connected to the first terminal and the second terminal, respectively.

[0072] The fourth preset voltage can be determined based on the maximum input voltage of the driver chip 200, for example, it can be a voltage such as 4V, 5V, or 6V.

[0073] Specifically, the step-down circuit 301 includes step-down resistors, including a first step-down resistor 33 and a second step-down resistor 34. The power supply 400, the first step-down resistor 33, the second step-down resistor 34, and the second pin 22 are connected in sequence. The step-down circuit 301 steps down the voltage of the power supply 400 so that the input voltage of the second pin 22 is less than a first preset voltage. Please continue reading. Figure 1 The protection circuit 300 also includes a voltage regulator circuit 302, which includes a second diode 35. The cathode of the second diode 35 is connected to the first terminal, and the anode of the second diode 35 is connected to the second terminal. If the voltage from the power supply 400, after being stepped down by the first step-down resistor 33, is greater than a fourth preset voltage, it can be assumed that even after being stepped down by the second step-down resistor 34, the voltage may still damage the driver chip 200 if directly received by the second pin 22. Therefore, when the voltage at the first terminal is greater than the fourth preset voltage, the second diode 35 breaks down and conducts to clamp the voltage (achieve voltage regulation), so that when the voltage passes through the second step-down resistor 34 and enters the second pin 22, it will not damage the driver chip 200. The second step-down resistor 34 also has an isolation function, reducing the impact of the protection circuit 300 on the second pin 22, thus improving the stability of the battery module 1000.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "in one example," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0075] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0076] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized by, include: Switching circuit; A driver chip is used to output a switching signal that drives the switching circuit to turn on or off. When the voltage input to the driver chip is less than a preset voltage threshold, the driver chip stops outputting the switching signal. A protection circuit is provided to reduce the voltage input to the driver chip so that the input voltage of the driver chip is less than a first preset voltage, where the first preset voltage is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

2. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The driver chip includes: The first pin is connected to the switching circuit, and the driver chip is used to output a switching signal through the first pin to drive the switching circuit to turn on or off. The second pin is connected to the power supply of the second preset voltage generated by the battery module; When the voltage at the second pin is less than a preset voltage threshold, the driver chip controls the first pin to stop outputting the switching signal.

3. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The input terminal of the protection circuit is connected to the power supply of the second preset voltage generated by the battery module, and the output terminal is connected to the second pin of the driver chip. The protection circuit is used to step down the power supply so that the input voltage of the second pin is less than the first preset voltage, which is the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

4. The battery module of claim 3, wherein, The protection circuit includes a step-down resistor located between the power supply and the second pin.

5. The battery module of claim 4, wherein, The protection circuit further includes a first diode located between the step-down resistor and the power supply. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the step-down resistor, and the negative terminal is connected to the power supply. The breakdown voltage of the first diode is a third preset voltage, which is determined based on the voltage at which the switching circuit triggers undervoltage protection.

6. The battery module of claim 5, wherein, The third preset voltage is 8 volts.

7. The battery module of any one of claims 3-6, wherein, The protection circuit includes: A step-down circuit, comprising a step-down resistor, the step-down resistor comprising a first step-down resistor and a second step-down resistor, wherein the power supply, the first step-down resistor, the second step-down resistor and the second pin are connected in sequence; A voltage regulator circuit, wherein the first terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected between the first step-down resistor and the second step-down resistor, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the ground terminal; The voltage regulator circuit includes a second diode, the negative terminal of which is connected to the first terminal, and the positive terminal of which is connected to the second terminal. The breakdown voltage of the second diode is a fourth preset voltage, which is determined based on the maximum input voltage of the driver chip.

8. The battery module of claim 7, wherein, The voltage regulator circuit also includes a protection resistor, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the first terminal and the second terminal.

9. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The protection circuit also includes a capacitor, with its two ends connected to a power supply and a ground terminal, respectively.

10. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The driver chip also includes a third pin, which is connected to the power supply of the second preset voltage generated by the battery module, and is used to power the driver chip.

11. The battery module of claim 1, wherein, The switching circuit includes multiple switching elements, including metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

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