Three-section inner cylinder partition heat exchange supercritical water oxidation reactor

Abstract

The application discloses a three-section inner cylinder partition heat exchange supercritical water oxidation reactor, which comprises a shell, a three-section inner cylinder, a heating system and a cooling system; the three-section inner cylinder comprises an upper inner cylinder, a middle inner cylinder and a lower inner cylinder, which are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom; the heating system is arranged in the upper inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder; the cooling system comprises a cooling jacket, a cooling coil and a quenching pipe; the cooling jacket is an annular space between the middle inner cylinder, the lower inner cylinder and the shell; the cooling coil is arranged in the middle inner cylinder; and the quenching pipe is arranged in the lower inner cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of supercritical water oxidation technology, specifically relating to a three-stage inner cylinder partitioned heat exchange supercritical water oxidation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Water has a critical temperature of 374.3℃ and a critical pressure of 22.1 MPa. Water with temperatures and pressures exceeding these critical points is called supercritical water (SCW). Due to its high heat transfer efficiency and high solubility for organic matter, supercritical water is an excellent medium for organic reactions. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) technology utilizes the properties of supercritical water to completely oxidize and render harmless highly hazardous and concentrated recalcitrant organic pollutants.

[0003] However, existing supercritical water oxidation reactors have design deficiencies, particularly in the internal structures related to mass and heat transfer, which directly affect the reactor's reaction efficiency, energy consumption, and safety. Specifically, these deficiencies manifest in the following two aspects:

[0004] 1. The heating system of a supercritical water oxidation reactor is usually located in the upper part of the reaction zone and adopts a uniform heating mode. However, in the actual reaction process, the feed zone needs to be rapidly heated to the supercritical temperature, the main reaction zone needs to be cooled due to the release of a large amount of heat, and the heat release weakens in the later stage of the reaction due to the decrease in reactant concentration, requiring stable temperature control. The discharge zone needs to be rapidly cooled to the discharge temperature required by the process. A single heating method is prone to excessive temperature fluctuations, often requiring frequent adjustments to the cooling water flow rate for passive compensation, which is cumbersome and has a slow response.

[0005] 2. Due to the harsh operating conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the existing shaft sealing technology is difficult to achieve dynamic sealing of the stirring shaft in supercritical water oxidation reactors. It is also difficult to install a stirrer inside the reactor, which makes it easy for the reactants and oxidants in the feed zone to mix unevenly, resulting in local enrichment of raw materials and heat. This leads to uneven temperature distribution and excessive fluctuations, which seriously affect the safety and stability of the reactor.

[0006] In the prior art, the patent title is: "A Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor for Treating Organic Hazardous Waste Generated from Nuclear Power Plant Operation and Maintenance," patent number: CN120636884A. This patent discloses a supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic hazardous waste generated from nuclear power plant operation and maintenance, comprising an outer shell, an inner cylinder, a cooling system, and a heating device. The inner cylinder is installed inside the outer shell, and the inner space of the inner cylinder serves as a reaction zone and a discharge quenching zone. The space between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer shell forms a cooling jacket. The heating device is located on the outer wall of the outer shell relative to the upper section of the reaction zone. A reaction inlet is provided at the top of the outer shell, and a reaction outlet is provided at the bottom of the outer shell. The reaction inlet includes a reactant inlet and an oxidant inlet.

[0007] However, the above-mentioned technologies have prominent problems such as the inability to partition heating, lack of coordination between heating and cooling, unreasonable energy utilization, and lack of adaptive adjustment. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a systematic partitioned heat exchange and temperature control system and a corresponding reactor to achieve refined, coordinated, and adaptive control of the axial temperature field inside the reactor, thus breaking through the existing technological bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder partitioned heat exchange.

[0009] A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange, characterized in that it comprises an outer shell, a three-section inner cylinder, a heating system, and a cooling system; the three-section inner cylinder includes an upper inner cylinder, a middle inner cylinder, and a lower inner cylinder, which are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the outer shell; the heating system is disposed inside the upper and middle inner cylinders; the cooling system includes a cooling jacket, cooling coils, and quench pipes; the cooling jacket is an annular chamber between the outer walls of the middle and lower inner cylinders and the inner wall of the outer shell; the cooling coils are... The upper inner cylinder is located inside the middle inner cylinder, and the quench pipe is located inside the lower inner cylinder. A Laval-like nozzle structure is provided between the upper inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder. The upper inner cylinder has a smooth outer wall, and the middle part of the outer wall of the middle inner cylinder and the lower inner cylinder has a threaded structure. Both the upper and lower ends of the middle inner cylinder and the lower inner cylinder have smooth outer walls. The three-section inner cylinder structure is combined with the heating system and the cooling system to divide the inside of the reactor into four areas with different heat exchange requirements and heat exchange loads from top to bottom according to the material flow direction: a strong heating zone for feeding, a weak heating zone for reaction, a buffer cooling zone, and a quench zone for discharging.

[0010] The outer shell consists of an upper end cap, a cylindrical body, and a lower end cap. The upper end cap and the top of the cylindrical body are welded together, and the bottom of the cylindrical body is connected to the lower end cap via a flange. The top of the upper inner cylinder is welded to the upper end cap, the bottom of the middle inner cylinder is connected to the top of the lower inner cylinder via a flange, and the bottom of the lower inner cylinder is welded to the lower end cap.

[0011] The lower inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder have the same inner and outer diameters. The inner diameter of the middle inner cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the upper inner cylinder. The bottom outer side of the upper inner cylinder is nested inside the top inner side of the middle inner cylinder. The gap formed by the nesting of the upper inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder constitutes an annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the inside of the inner cylinder.

[0012] The top inner side of the middle inner cylinder and the bottom outer side of the upper inner cylinder are both set with rounded corners. The radius of the rounded corners of the middle inner cylinder is smaller than that of the upper inner cylinder. The annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the inside of the inner cylinder forms a Laval nozzle-like structure that first narrows and then expands.

[0013] The heating system includes several heating rods, and the interior of each heating rod is provided with several resistance wires with segmented winding density. The upper section with high winding density is the high-power strong heating section, and the lower section with low winding density is the low-power weak heating section.

[0014] The inner cylinder is divided into three sections from top to bottom: a strong heating zone for feeding, a weak heating zone for reaction, and a buffer cooling zone. The strong heating zone for feeding is located inside the upper section and the upper inner cylinder, and includes a strong heating section of a heating rod, a Laval-like nozzle structure, and a cooling coil. The weak heating zone for reaction is located inside the middle section of the inner cylinder, and includes a strong heating section of a heating rod, a cooling coil, a cooling jacket, and a threaded structure. The buffer cooling zone is located in the lower section of the inner cylinder, and includes a cooling coil, a cooling jacket, and a threaded structure. The cooling jacket is connected to the outer wall of the inner cylinder via a threaded structure. To enhance cooling, the feed heating zone rapidly heats the reactants and oxidant to supercritical temperature via a heating rod. Cooling water from the cooling jacket and cooling coils, after recovering the heat from the reaction and reaching a higher temperature, also enters this zone as a supplement to the supercritical aqueous phase. Furthermore, the cooling water in the cooling jacket flows in more rapidly through a Laval-like nozzle structure (constriction followed by expansion) formed by the upper and middle inner cylinders, causing the fluid in the reactor to transition from laminar to turbulent flow. This enhances the mixing and heat exchange of the reactants and oxidant within the supercritical aqueous phase in this zone, preventing localized accumulation of reactants and heat that could lead to uneven temperature distribution and excessive fluctuations.

[0015] The interior of the lower inner cylinder is the discharge quench zone, which is equipped with a quench pipe and a cooling jacket. The quench pipe extends into the discharge quench zone from the lower end cap, and several evenly distributed quench liquid outlet holes are opened at the top of the quench pipe. The cooling jacket enhances the cooling effect through the threaded structure on the outer wall of the inner cylinder. When the reaction product enters the discharge quench zone, if the temperature is still too high after heat exchange between the cooling jacket and the cooling coil, cooling water is directly injected into the reaction product through the quench pipe for mixing and heat exchange. After rapidly cooling to the discharge temperature required by the process, the product is continuously discharged from the reaction product outlet.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention employs a three-section inner cylinder structure combined with a heating system and a cooling system, dividing the interior of the reactor into four zones with different heat exchange requirements and loads from top to bottom according to the material flow direction: a strong heating zone for feeding, a weak heating zone for reaction, a buffer cooling zone, and a rapid cooling zone for discharging.

[0018] The feed heating zone rapidly heats the reactants and oxidant to supercritical temperature via the heating rod section. Cooling water in the cooling jacket and cooling coils, after recovering the heat of reaction and heating up, also enters this zone as a supplement to the supercritical aqueous phase. Furthermore, the cooling water in the cooling jacket flows in more rapidly through a Laval-like nozzle structure consisting of an upper inner cylinder and a middle inner cylinder, which first narrows and then expands. This causes the fluid in the reactor to transition from a laminar flow state to a turbulent flow state, enhancing the mixing and heat exchange of the reactants and oxidant in the supercritical aqueous phase in this zone. This prevents local accumulation of raw materials and heat, which could lead to uneven temperature distribution and excessive fluctuations.

[0019] The weakly heated reaction zone is the main reaction zone, where most of the reactants and oxidants undergo supercritical water oxidation, releasing a large amount of heat. The heat is removed by a cooling jacket and cooling coils, and the cooling jacket is equipped with a threaded flow guide structure to enhance the cooling effect. At the same time, a weakly heated section of a heating rod is provided to provide a small amount of heat. Through the synergistic effect of the cooling and heating systems, the reaction in this zone is maintained in a relatively high temperature range above the supercritical temperature.

[0020] The reactants move from the weakly heated reaction zone to the buffer cooling zone. In this zone, a small amount of unreacted raw materials in the supercritical aqueous phase undergo the remaining small amount of supercritical water oxidation reaction. As the reaction proceeds, the concentration of the reactants and the released heat of reaction decrease in stages. There is no heating system in this zone. The temperature in the zone decreases slowly from top to bottom by the release of a small amount of heat of reaction. After the reaction is basically completed, the temperature is rapidly reduced by the cooling jacket and cooling coil. The cooling jacket is equipped with a threaded flow guide structure to enhance the cooling effect.

[0021] The reaction products enter the discharge quench zone. If the temperature is still too high after heat exchange through the cooling jacket and cooling coil, cooling water is directly injected into the reaction products through the quench pipe for mixing and heat exchange. The temperature is rapidly reduced to the discharge temperature required by the process and then continuously discharged from the reaction product outlet.

[0022] In summary, based on the traditional supercritical water oxidation reactor, this invention, through a three-section inner cylinder structural design combined with a heating system and a cooling system for rational heat exchange partitioning, greatly improves the mass and heat transfer effects inside the reactor, achieving a comprehensive improvement in reaction efficiency, safety, stability, and energy consumption. In addition, the three-section inner cylinder makes the reactor structure compact, easy to disassemble and convenient for inspection and maintenance, and has broad application prospects in nuclear power, chemical industry, heavy oilfield production and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and heat exchange zones of the three-section inner cylinder zoned heat exchange supercritical water oxidation reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a Laval nozzle-like structure formed by the upper inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Upper head, 2. Cylinder body, 3. Lower head, 4. Upper inner cylinder, 5. Middle inner cylinder, 6. Lower inner cylinder, 7. Heating rod insertion port, 8. Reactant inlet, 9. Oxidant inlet, 10. Heating rod, 11. Cooling coil, 12. Laval nozzle-like structure, 13. Coil outlet, 14. Quenching outlet, 15. Coil inlet, 16. Quenching inlet, 17. Jacket inlet, 18. Reactant outlet, 19. Rounded corner at the top of the middle inner cylinder, 20. Smooth outer wall at the top of the middle inner cylinder, 21. Threaded outer wall of the middle inner cylinder, 22. Smooth outer wall at the bottom of the middle inner cylinder, 23. Flange of the middle inner cylinder, 24. Rounded corner at the bottom of the upper inner cylinder, A1. Strong heating zone for feed, A2. Weak heating zone for reaction, A3. Buffer cooling zone, A4. Quenching zone for discharge. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only for explaining the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, a supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange includes an outer shell, a three-section inner cylinder, a heating system, and a cooling system. The outer shell consists of an upper head 1, a cylinder 2, and a lower head 3. The upper head 1 and the top of the cylinder 2 are welded together, and the bottom of the cylinder 2 is flanged to the lower head 3. The three-section inner cylinder includes an upper inner cylinder 4, a middle inner cylinder 5, and a lower inner cylinder 6, which are arranged sequentially inside the outer shell from top to bottom. The top of the upper inner cylinder 4 is welded to the upper head 1, the bottom of the middle inner cylinder 5 is flanged to the top of the lower inner cylinder 6, and the bottom of the lower inner cylinder 6 is welded to the lower head 3. The upper head 1 is provided with several heating rod insertion ports 7. Heating rods 10 are installed on the upper head 1 through the heating rod insertion ports 7 and extend into the upper inner cylinder 4 and the middle inner cylinder 5. The upper section of the heating rod 10 has a high resistance wire winding density, which is a strong heating section, and the lower section has a low resistance wire winding density, which is a weak heating section, thus forming the heating system. The annular space between the middle inner cylinder 5, the lower inner cylinder 6 and the outer shell is a cooling jacket. The middle inner cylinder 5 is equipped with a cooling coil 11, and the lower inner cylinder 6 is equipped with a quench pipe. The cooling jacket, the cooling coil and the quench pipe together constitute the cooling system.

[0029] like Figure 1 , 3As shown, the lower inner cylinder 6 and the middle inner cylinder 5 have the same diameter, but the diameter of the middle inner cylinder 5 is larger than that of the upper inner cylinder 4. A section of the top of the middle inner cylinder 5 fits onto the upper inner cylinder 4, forming an annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the interior of the inner cylinder. The inner top of the middle inner cylinder 5 and the outer bottom of the upper inner cylinder 4 are both designed with rounded corners. The radius of the rounded corner 19 at the top of the middle inner cylinder 5 is smaller than the radius of the rounded corner 24 at the bottom of the upper inner cylinder 4, causing the annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the interior of the inner cylinder to form a Laval nozzle-like structure 12 that first narrows and then expands in diameter.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the upper inner cylinder 4 has a smooth outer wall, while the outer walls of the middle inner cylinder 5 and the lower inner cylinder 6 have a threaded structure. Furthermore, both the upper and lower ends of the middle inner cylinder 5 and the lower inner cylinder 6 have a section of smooth outer wall. Further, as... Figure 2 As shown, a smooth outer wall 20 at the upper end of the inner cylinder allows the cooling water in the cooling jacket to be discharged evenly through the Laval-like nozzle structure 12. The threaded outer wall 21 of the inner cylinder is used to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling jacket. The space left by a small section of smooth outer wall 22 at the lower end of the inner cylinder is used for mounting bolts on the inner cylinder flange 23.

[0031] In summary, as Figure 1 As shown, the reactor interior is divided into four heat exchange zones from top to bottom:

[0032] A1 is the feed heating zone. The upper head 1 is equipped with a reactant inlet 8 and an oxidant inlet 9. Cooling water in the cooling jacket is accelerated into this zone from the Laval-like nozzle structure 12. Cooling water in the cooling coil 11 is injected into this zone from the coil outlet hole 13. This zone is equipped with a heating section of the heating rod 10.

[0033] A2 is the weak heating zone of the reaction, which is equipped with a weak heating section of heating rod 10, cooling coil 11 and cooling jacket with threaded flow guiding structure.

[0034] A3 is a buffer cooling zone. This zone does not have a heating system, but it is equipped with a cooling coil 11 and a cooling jacket with a threaded flow guide structure.

[0035] A4 is the discharge quench zone. The lower end cap 3 is equipped with a reaction product outlet 18, a coil inlet 15, a jacket inlet 17, and a quench inlet 16. This area is equipped with a cooling jacket and a quench pipe with a threaded flow guiding structure. The quench pipe extends into the center of this area and has several evenly distributed quench outlet holes 14 at the top.

[0036] Implementation Example

[0037] Taking the treatment of radioactive organic waste liquid from a nuclear power plant as an example, the main components of the waste liquid are organic solvents and a small amount of radioactive nuclides, which need to be treated in a supercritical water oxidation reactor to render it harmless.

[0038] In this embodiment, the reactor has a three-section inner cylinder: the upper inner cylinder 4 has an outer diameter of 132mm and a wall thickness of 6mm; the middle inner cylinder 5 and the lower inner cylinder 6 have the same diameter, with an outer diameter of 150mm and a wall thickness of 6mm; a 12mm long section at the top of the middle inner cylinder 5 is fitted onto the upper inner cylinder 4; the radius of the bottom fillet 24 of the upper inner cylinder 4 is 6mm, and the radius of the top fillet 19 of the middle inner cylinder 5 is 4mm.

[0039] The reactor has four heat exchange zones: the feed strong heating zone A1 heats the reactants to about 400°C; the reaction weak heating zone A2 controls the reaction temperature between 400°C and 550°C; the buffer cooling zone A3 cools the reaction products to about 350°C; and the discharge rapid cooling zone A4 cools the reaction products to 200°C or a lower discharge temperature required by the process.

[0040] In the reaction preparation stage, the reactor is first filled with deionized water and pressurized to near supercritical pressure. Then, the heating rod 10 is started to heat the feed heating zone A1 to near supercritical temperature of about 350°C. At this time, the water in the reactor is in a subcritical state and serves as the aqueous mother liquor for the supercritical water oxidation reaction.

[0041] During the reaction stage, organic waste liquid and oxidant are continuously fed into the feed heating zone A1 from the raw material inlet 8 and the oxidant inlet 9 in proportion. Cooling water after the heat of reaction is recovered is continuously injected from the Laval-like nozzle structure 12 of the cooling jacket and the liquid outlet 13 of the cooling coil 11 as a water phase supplement. At the same time, the heating power of the heating rod 10 is automatically adjusted by the control system to control the temperature of the reactants after rapid heating to about 400°C, so that they enter the supercritical water state.

[0042] After heating, the material that has already begun to react enters the weak heating zone A2 to complete most of the supercritical water oxidation reaction. After the organic waste liquid is oxidized, it generates harmless water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, inorganic salts, etc., releasing a large amount of reaction heat. The reaction heat is removed by the cooling jacket and cooling coil 11 to control the reaction temperature to not exceed 550℃. At the same time, a small amount of heat is provided by the weak heating section of the heating rod 10 to maintain the reaction temperature not lower than 400℃.

[0043] The reaction product containing a small amount of unreacted raw materials leaves the weakly heated reaction zone A2 and enters the buffer cooling zone A3 to continue the remaining small amount of supercritical water oxidation reaction. This zone is not equipped with a heating system. The temperature in the zone is maintained by a small amount of released reaction heat from top to bottom and slowly decreases. After the reaction is basically completed, the temperature is rapidly reduced to about 350°C through the cooling jacket and cooling coil.

[0044] The reaction product enters the discharge quench zone A4. If the temperature is still too high after heat exchange through the cooling jacket and cooling coil 11, cooling water is directly injected into the reaction product through the quench pipe for mixing and heat exchange. The temperature is rapidly reduced to 200°C or a lower discharge temperature required by the process, and then continuously discharged from the reaction product outlet 18, thereby achieving the harmless treatment of radioactive organic waste liquid.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-stage inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange, characterized in that, The system includes an outer shell, a three-section inner cylinder, a heating system, and a cooling system. The three-section inner cylinder comprises an upper inner cylinder, a middle inner cylinder, and a lower inner cylinder, which are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the outer shell. The heating system is located inside the upper and middle inner cylinders. The cooling system includes a cooling jacket, a cooling coil, and a quench pipe. The cooling jacket is an annular chamber between the outer walls of the middle and lower inner cylinders and the inner wall of the outer shell. The cooling coil is located inside the middle inner cylinder, and the quench pipe is located inside the lower inner cylinder. A Laval-like nozzle structure is provided between the upper and middle inner cylinders. The upper inner cylinder has a smooth outer wall, while the middle and lower inner cylinders have a threaded structure in the middle of their outer walls. Both the upper and lower ends of the middle and lower inner cylinders have smooth outer walls.

2. The supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer shell consists of an upper end cap, a cylindrical body, and a lower end cap. The upper end cap and the top of the cylindrical body are welded together, and the bottom of the cylindrical body is connected to the lower end cap via a flange. The top of the upper inner cylinder is welded to the upper end cap, the bottom of the middle inner cylinder is connected to the top of the lower inner cylinder via a flange, and the bottom of the lower inner cylinder is welded to the lower end cap.

3. The supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder have the same inner and outer diameters. The inner diameter of the middle inner cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the upper inner cylinder. The bottom outer side of the upper inner cylinder is nested inside the top inner side of the middle inner cylinder. The gap formed by the nesting of the upper inner cylinder and the middle inner cylinder constitutes an annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the inside of the inner cylinder.

4. A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner top of the middle inner cylinder and the outer bottom of the upper inner cylinder are both designed with rounded corners. The radius of the rounded corners of the middle inner cylinder is smaller than that of the upper inner cylinder. The annular flow channel from the cooling jacket to the inside of the inner cylinder forms a Laval nozzle-like structure that first narrows and then expands in diameter.

5. A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating system includes several heating rods, and the interior of each heating rod is provided with several resistance wires with segmented winding densities. The upper section of the resistance wire with a high winding density is a high-power, strong heating section, while the lower section of the resistance wire with a low winding density is a low-power, weak heating section.

6. A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder partitioned heat exchange according to claims 1, 4, and 5, characterized in that, The inner cylinder is divided into three sections from top to bottom: a strong heating zone for feeding, a weak heating zone for reaction, and a buffer cooling zone. The strong heating zone for feeding is located inside the upper section of the inner cylinder and inside the upper inner cylinder. It includes a strong heating section of a heating rod, a Laval-like nozzle structure, and a cooling coil. The weak heating zone for reaction is located inside the middle section of the inner cylinder. It includes a strong heating section of a heating rod, a cooling coil, a cooling jacket, and a threaded structure. The buffer cooling zone is located in the lower section of the inner cylinder. It includes a cooling coil, a cooling jacket, and a threaded structure.

7. A supercritical water oxidation reactor with a three-section inner cylinder and zoned heat exchange according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interior of the lower inner cylinder is the discharge quench zone, which is equipped with a quench pipe and a cooling jacket. The quench pipe extends into the discharge quench zone from the lower end cap, and several evenly distributed quench liquid outlet holes are opened at the top of the quench pipe.

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