Method and apparatus for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser pulses
By using orthogonal probe laser and ionization channel imaging, the spatial and temporal superposition of multiple laser beams was adjusted, solving the accuracy problem of spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser beams. This achieved high-precision time synchronization and spatial overlap, meeting the needs of engineering applications.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING ACAD OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCI
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies lack intuitive, high-precision, and repeatable methods for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser beams, making it difficult to achieve precise overlap of multiple laser beams at the same time and the same target location, thus limiting the engineering application of multi-beam laser technology.
Two orthogonal probe lasers are used, and imaging is performed through an ionization channel. The spatial transmission path and delay of each target laser are controlled by adjusting the lens frame or displacement stage, so as to achieve high-precision temporal and spatial superposition.
It achieves femtosecond-level time synchronization and micrometer-level spatial overlap, improves the accuracy of multi-beam laser superposition, makes the adjustment process intuitive and reliable, reduces the difficulty of debugging, and ensures the stability and accuracy of target shooting experiments.
Smart Images
Figure CN122348416A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of strong field laser physics technology, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser pulses. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of strong-field laser physics, the coordinated manipulation of multiple ultrashort and ultraintense laser beams is a key means to achieve active control of the optical field, advance attosecond science, laser wake acceleration, and develop novel radiation sources. By spatiotemporally superimposing multiple laser beams, important physical effects such as quasi-phase matching, low-energy-dispersion, high-brightness particle beam generation, and high-order harmonic optimization can be achieved.
[0003] However, strong-field physical interactions typically occur on timescales ranging from femtoseconds to picoseconds and spatial scales ranging from micrometers to tens of micrometers, placing extremely high demands on the arrival time and spatial pointing of multiple laser pulses. Current technologies lack intuitive, high-precision, and repeatable spatiotemporal diagnostics and superposition methods for multiple laser pulses, making it difficult to ensure that each laser beam precisely overlaps at the same target point at the same time. This limits the advancement of multi-beam laser technology from laboratory research to engineering and practical applications.
[0004] Therefore, this application provides a spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition method and apparatus based on orthogonal probe laser and ionization channel imaging to solve the problems of insufficient spatiotemporal accuracy, complex adjustment process and poor stability in the prior art. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-precision, easy-to-operate, and repeatable method for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser pulses. It also provides a structurally sound and highly adaptable spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition device. This device employs two orthogonal transverse probe lasers to obtain the spatial transmission path of each target laser pulse. By adjusting the frame or displacement stage, each target laser pulse is directed to a preset transmission path, achieving high-precision spatial superposition. Furthermore, by adjusting the delay of these two probe lasers, the arrival time of each target laser pulse is obtained, and high-precision temporal superposition is achieved by controlling the delay of each target laser pulse.
[0006] According to a first aspect of this application, at least one embodiment of this application provides a method for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser pulses, comprising: extracting a probe master laser from a first target laser optical path; splitting the probe master laser into two probe lasers; controlling the two probe lasers to pass through a gas source; acquiring gas source images of the two probe lasers; adjusting the energy of the first target laser to ionize the gas source, forming a first ionization channel; adjusting the optical path delay of the two probe lasers so that the leading edge of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source image reaches a preset target position, and locking the two probe lasers. The optical path delay of the probe laser is described; the position of the first target laser is adjusted so that the first ionization channel coincides with the preset target position; the second target laser is controlled to pass through the gas source; the energy of the second target laser is adjusted so that it ionizes the gas source to form a second ionization channel; the optical path delay of the second target laser is adjusted so that the front end of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and the optical path delay of the second target laser is locked; the position of the second target laser is adjusted so that the second ionization channel coincides with the first ionization channel at the preset target position.
[0007] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the ratio of the energy of the probe mother laser to the energy of the first target laser is less than 0.1.
[0008] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the transmission directions of the two probe laser beams are orthogonal.
[0009] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the gas source includes a high-density gas source, which includes nitrogen, hydrogen, or an inert gas.
[0010] For example, in some embodiments of this application, adjusting the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams so that the leading edge of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches a preset target position, and locking the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams, includes: coarsely adjusting the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams so that the complete first ionization channel can be observed in the gas source imaging; finely adjusting the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams so that the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging gradually shortens along the transmission direction of the first target laser; when the leading edge of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, stopping the adjustment and locking the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams, and determining the current state as the reference state for spatiotemporal diagnosis.
[0011] For example, in some embodiments of this application, adjusting the optical path delay of the second target laser to make the leading edge of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reach the preset target position, and locking the optical path delay of the second target laser, includes: coarsely adjusting the optical path delay of the second target laser to make the complete second ionization channel observable in the gas source imaging; finely adjusting the optical path delay of the second target laser to gradually shorten the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging along the transmission direction of the second target laser; and stopping the adjustment and locking the optical path delay of the second target laser when the leading edge of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, so as to achieve time synchronization between the second target laser and the first target laser at the preset target position.
[0012] According to a second aspect of this application, at least one embodiment of this application provides a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multiple laser pulses, the spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device being used to perform the method as described in any one of the first aspects, the spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device comprising: a first target laser source for outputting a first target laser and transmitting it along a first target laser optical path; a second target laser source for outputting a second target laser and transmitting it along a second target laser optical path; and a probe beam splitting component disposed in the first target laser optical path for extracting a probe master laser from the first target laser and splitting the probe master laser. Two probe laser beams are formed; a gas source is set at a preset target position for the first target laser, the second target laser, and the two probe laser beams to pass through; an imaging component is used to acquire images of the two probe laser beams passing through the gas source to observe the first ionization channel and the second ionization channel; an optical path delay adjustment component is used to adjust and lock the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams and the second target laser; a spatial position adjustment component is used to adjust the spatial position of the first target laser and the second target laser so that the first ionization channel and the second ionization channel coincide at the preset target position.
[0013] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the probe beam splitting assembly includes: a first beam splitter disposed in the first target laser optical path, used to transmit and extract the probe mother laser from the first target laser, and to continue transmitting the reflected light as the first target laser; and a second beam splitter disposed in the probe mother laser optical path, used to split the probe mother laser into two independent probe laser beams.
[0014] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the gas source includes a high-density gas nozzle for generating nitrogen, hydrogen, or an inert gas.
[0015] For example, in some embodiments of this application, the spatial position adjustment component includes a frame or a displacement stage for adjusting the transmission path and spatial orientation of the first and second target lasers.
[0016] Through the above embodiments, the multi-beam laser pulse spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition method and apparatus provided in this application have at least one of the following beneficial effects: To achieve high-precision spatiotemporal benchmark unification, a stable time zero point and spatial target point benchmark are established by locking the orthogonal probe laser and the front end of the ionization channel. This enables femtosecond-level time synchronization and micrometer-level spatial overlap, significantly improving the accuracy of multi-beam laser superposition.
[0017] The adjustment process is intuitive and reliable, using ionization channel imaging as the direct observation basis. It adopts a combination of coarse and fine adjustment, with clear steps and strong repeatability, effectively reducing the difficulty of multi-beam laser adjustment.
[0018] The disturbance to the main laser is minimal, and the energy ratio of the probe mother laser is lower than that of the target laser, which does not affect the energy, beam quality and transmission characteristics of the target laser, thus ensuring the authenticity and stability of the target experiment.
[0019] The two probe laser beams have similar energies, which makes the two imaging sensitivities consistent and the signals balanced, effectively avoiding positioning deviations caused by uneven energy and further improving the accuracy of spatiotemporal diagnosis.
[0020] The device has a simple structure and strong versatility. It uses conventional optical components and gas nozzles, is compatible with existing strong field laser experimental platforms, and is easy to build, operate and promote. It can meet the engineering application requirements of dual-beam and multi-beam laser target ablation.
[0021] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description
[0022] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multiple laser pulses according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition method for multiple laser pulses according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the probe laser optical path according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the orientation of the probe laser and the target laser in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the first ionization channel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the first ionization channel front end aligned with the target point according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6A This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the second ionization channel according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6B This is a schematic diagram of the second ionization channel front end aligned with the target point according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-beam laser target firing layout in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0024] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted.
[0025] The described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to give a full understanding of embodiments of this disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this disclosure can be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or other methods, components, materials, devices, etc. In these cases, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations will not be shown or described in detail.
[0026] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.
[0027] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.
[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of exemplary embodiments, and the modules or processes in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application, and therefore cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multiple laser pulses according to an embodiment of this application.
[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multiple laser pulses includes: a first target laser source, a second target laser source, a probe beam splitting component, a gas source G, an imaging component, an optical path delay adjustment component (including optical path delay lines D1 and D2), and a spatial position adjustment component (not shown in the figure).
[0031] The first target laser source is used to output the first target laser L1 and propagate it along the first target laser optical path. The second target laser source is used to output the second target laser L2 and propagate it along the second target laser optical path.
[0032] The probe beam splitting component is set in the first target laser optical path to extract the probe master laser P0 from the first target laser and split the probe master laser to form two probe lasers P1 and P2.
[0033] The probe beam splitting assembly includes: a first beam splitter B1 and a second beam splitter B2.
[0034] The first beam splitter B1 is disposed in the first target laser optical path and is used to transmit and extract the probe mother laser P0 from the first target laser L1, and to continue transmitting the reflected light as the first target laser L1.
[0035] The second beam splitter B2 is placed in the probe mother laser optical path to split the probe mother laser P0 into two independent probe lasers P1 and P2.
[0036] The gas source G is set at the preset target position, allowing the first target laser L1, the second target laser L2, and the two probe lasers P1 and P2 to pass through.
[0037] Gas source G includes a high-density gas nozzle with a particle number density of 1×10⁻⁶. 16 cm -3 ~1×10 20 cm -3 The gases produced include nitrogen, hydrogen, or inert gases, which can generate clear and stable ionization channels under the action of the target laser.
[0038] Imaging components A1 and A2 are used to acquire images I1 and I2 of two probe lasers P1 and P2 passing through gas source G, in order to observe the first ionization channel CH1 and the second ionization channel CH2.
[0039] The optical path delay adjustment component (including optical path delay lines D1 and D2) is used to adjust and lock the optical path delay of the two probe lasers P1 and P2 and the second target laser L2. Specifically, for the probe lasers: it is used for coarse and fine adjustment of the optical path, aligning the front end of the ionization channel with the preset target position and establishing a zero-point time reference. For the target lasers: it is used to adjust the arrival time of each target laser, ensuring that multiple lasers arrive at the target point at the same time, achieving high-precision time superposition. Furthermore, the optical path delay adjustment component has a locking function to keep the calibrated optical path unchanged, guaranteeing stable spatiotemporal diagnostic accuracy.
[0040] The spatial position adjustment component is used to adjust the spatial position of the first target laser L1 and the second target laser L2 so that the first ionization channel CH1 and the second ionization channel CH2 coincide at the preset target position O.
[0041] The spatial positioning adjustment component includes a frame or a displacement stage, which is used to adjust the transmission path and spatial orientation of the target laser to achieve high-precision spatial superposition.
[0042] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition method for multiple laser pulses according to an embodiment of this application.
[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition method for multiple laser pulses includes steps S201-S211.
[0044] In step S201, the probe mother laser is drawn out from the first target laser optical path.
[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, in the first target laser optical path, the probe mother laser P0 is extracted from the first target laser L1 through the first beam splitter B1, and the first target laser L1 continues to propagate along the original optical path after reflection.
[0046] The ratio of the energy of the probe laser to the energy of the first target laser is less than 0.1. By controlling the energy ratio of the probe light, the main laser is not disturbed, ensuring that diagnosis and target shooting do not interfere with each other.
[0047] In step S202, the probe master laser is split into two probe laser beams.
[0048] The probe master laser P0 is incident on the second beam splitter B2, and after beam splitting, two probe lasers P1 and P2 with similar energies are formed. The two probe lasers P1 and P2 are respectively configured with independent optical path delay lines D1 and D2, and the transmission directions of the two probe lasers P1 and P2 are orthogonal.
[0049] Among them, the two probe lasers P1 and P2 have similar energies, which can ensure that the two imaging detections are symmetrical and consistent, and improve the accuracy of ionization channel observation and spatiotemporal positioning.
[0050] In step S203, the two probe laser beams are controlled to pass through the gas source.
[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the first target laser L1 is transmitted through the preset target position O, and the two probe lasers P1 and P2 are controlled to be orthogonal to each other at the preset target position O, and cross the first target laser L1 through the high-density gas source G generated by the gas nozzle.
[0052] In step S204, gas source imaging of the two probe laser beams is acquired.
[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, imaging components A1 and A2 respectively acquire images I1 and I2 after the two probe lasers P1 and P2 pass through the gas source G (images I1 and I2 are not shown in the figure) to observe the state of the gas source in real time.
[0054] In step S205, the energy of the first target laser is adjusted to ionize the gas source and form a first ionization channel.
[0055] like Figure 5A As shown, the output energy of the first target laser L1 is adjusted to ionize the high-density gas source G, causing a change in the gas refractive index and forming the first ionization channel CH1.
[0056] In step S206, the optical path delay of the two probe lasers is adjusted so that the front end of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and the optical path delay of the two probe lasers is locked.
[0057] Adjust the optical path delay lines D1 and D2 corresponding to the two probe lasers P1 and P2: coarsely adjust the optical path delay of the two probe lasers P1 and P2 so that the complete first ionization channel CH1 is observed in the gas source images I1 and I2; then finely adjust and gradually reduce the optical path delay of the two probe lasers P1 and P2 so that the first ionization channel CH1 observed in the gas source images I1 and I2 gradually shortens upstream along the transmission direction of the first target laser L1. Figure 5B As shown, when the front end of the first ionization channel CH1 in gas source imaging I1 and I2 reaches the preset target position O, adjustment is stopped and the optical path delay lines D1 and D2 of the two probe lasers P1 and P2 are locked, and the current state is determined as the reference state for spatiotemporal diagnosis. This step is used to calibrate the probe laser to the time reference state of the preset target position to ensure that the probe laser detects the ionization channel at the correct time.
[0058] In step S207, the position of the first target laser is adjusted so that the first ionization channel coincides with the preset target position.
[0059] Even with time reference calibration, it is still necessary to fine-tune the spatial transmission path of the first target laser L1 by adjusting the lens mount or displacement stage, so that the first ionization channel CH1 and the preset target position O are completely spatially aligned, thereby completing the high-precision spatial positioning of the first target laser L1.
[0060] By adjusting the optical frame or displacement stage corresponding to the first target laser L1, the spatial transmission path of the first target laser L1 is finely adjusted so that the first ionization channel CH1 precisely coincides with the preset target position O, thus completing the adjustment of the first target laser L1.
[0061] In step S208, the second target laser is controlled to pass through the gas source.
[0062] The second targeting laser L2 is guided into the optical path, so that it is transmitted and passes through the high-density gas source G at the preset targeting position O.
[0063] In step S209, the energy of the second target laser is adjusted to ionize the gas source and form a second ionization channel.
[0064] like Figure 6A As shown, the output energy of the second target laser L2 is adjusted to ionize the high-density gas source G, forming the second ionization channel CH2.
[0065] In step S210, the optical path delay of the second target laser is adjusted so that the front end of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and the optical path delay of the second target laser is locked.
[0066] Adjust the optical path delay adjustment component corresponding to the second target laser L2: coarsely adjust the optical path delay of the second target laser L2 so that the complete second ionization channel CH2 is observed in gas source imaging I1 and I2; then finely adjust and gradually decrease the optical path delay of the second target laser L2 so that the second ionization channel CH2 observed in the gas source imaging gradually shortens upstream along the transmission direction of the second target laser L2; for example... Figure 6B As shown, when the front end of the second ionization channel CH2 is observed to reach the preset target position O in the gas source imaging, the adjustment is stopped and the optical path delay of the second target laser L2 is locked, so as to realize the time synchronization of the second target laser L2 and the first target laser L1 at the preset target position O.
[0067] In step S211, the position of the second target laser is adjusted so that the second ionization channel coincides with the first ionization channel at the preset target position.
[0068] By adjusting the optical frame or displacement stage corresponding to the second target laser L2, the spatial transmission path of the second target laser L2 is finely adjusted so that the second ionization channel CH2 completely overlaps with the first ionization channel CH1 at the preset target position O, thus completing the spatiotemporal superposition of multiple laser beams.
[0069] For scenarios involving two or more target lasers, except for the first target laser which executes steps S201–S207, the remaining target lasers can sequentially repeat steps S208–S211 to complete spatiotemporal superposition.
[0070] This embodiment provides a spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multiple laser pulses, and uses this device to realize a method for spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition of multiple laser pulses. The specific structure and steps are as follows: The spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device of this embodiment includes: a first target laser source, a second target laser source, a probe beam splitting component, a high-density gas source G, imaging components A1 and A2, an optical path delay adjustment component, and a spatial position adjustment component. This application uses two target lasers as an example, but it can use n target lasers L1, L2...Ln, where n is the total number of target lasers, and the target material is denoted as T. Figure 7 As shown.
[0071] The probe beam splitting assembly includes a first beam splitter B1 and a second beam splitter B2. The first beam splitter B1 is positioned in the optical path of the first target laser L1 and is used to extract the probe master laser P0 from the first target laser L1. The energy of the probe master laser P0 is 0.08 times (less than 0.1 times) the energy of the first target laser L1. The second beam splitter B2 splits the probe master laser P0 into two orthogonal probe lasers P1 and P2 with similar energies. The gas source G is an argon high-density gas nozzle with a particle number density of 5 × 10⁻⁶ particles. 17 cm -3 The target is positioned at a preset firing position O. Imaging components A1 and A2 correspond to two orthogonal probe lasers P1 and P2, respectively, for acquiring images I1 and I2. The optical path delay adjustment component includes independent optical path delay lines D1 and D2 and a second firing laser optical path delay mechanism, which can adjust and lock the optical path. The spatial position adjustment component consists of an optical frame and an electrically controlled displacement stage, used to adjust the spatial transmission paths of the first firing laser L1 and the second firing laser L2.
[0072] Specific implementation steps Step 1, extract and split the probe laser beam: In the optical path of the first target laser L1, the probe master laser P0 is extracted through the first beam splitter B1; the probe master laser P0 is split into two orthogonal probe laser beams P1 and P2 with similar energy by the second beam splitter B2, and the two orthogonal probe laser beams P1 and P2 are transmitted through optical path delay lines D1 and D2 respectively.
[0073] Step 2, set up the gas source and establish imaging: remove the target material T, and move the high-density argon gas source G into the preset target position O; make the two orthogonal probe lasers P1 and P2 pass orthogonally through the gas source G at the preset target position O, and the imaging components A1 and A2 acquire images I1 and I2 in real time.
[0074] Step 3, forming the first ionization channel and calibrating the time reference: Adjust the energy of the first target laser L1 to ionize the gas source G and form the first ionization channel CH1; coarsely adjust the optical path delay lines D1 and D2 so that the imaging I1 and I2 can observe the complete first ionization channel CH1; finely adjust and reduce the optical path of the optical path delay lines D1 and D2 so that the first ionization channel CH1 is shortened upstream along the transmission direction of the first target laser L1; when the front end of the first ionization channel CH1 reaches the preset target position O, lock the optical path delay lines D1 and D2 to complete the probe laser time reference calibration.
[0075] Step 4, Spatial alignment of the first target laser: By adjusting the frame / displacement stage corresponding to the first target laser L1, the spatial optical path of the first target laser L1 is finely adjusted so that the first ionization channel CH1 is precisely aligned with the preset target position O, thus completing the spatiotemporal calibration of the first target laser L1.
[0076] Step 5, Second Target Laser Time Synchronization: The second target laser L2 is introduced into the optical path and passes through the gas source G; the energy of the second target laser L2 is adjusted to ionize the gas, forming a second ionization channel CH2; the optical path delay of the second target laser L2 is coarsely adjusted, and the complete second ionization channel CH2 is observed; the optical path of the second target laser L2 is finely adjusted to reduce the optical path, so that the second ionization channel CH2 is shortened upstream along the transmission direction of the second target laser L2; when the front end of the second ionization channel CH2 reaches the preset target position O, the optical path delay of the second target laser L2 is locked, so as to achieve time synchronization between the second target laser L2 and the first target laser L1.
[0077] Step 6, Spatial superposition of the second target laser: Adjust the frame / displacement stage corresponding to the second target laser L2, finely adjust the spatial optical path of the second target laser L2, so that the second ionization channel CH2 completely coincides with the first ionization channel CH1 at the preset target position O, and complete the spatiotemporal superposition of the first target laser L1 and the second target laser L2.
[0078] Step 7, Multi-beam laser expansion: Similarly, following the adjustment steps of the second target laser, the spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition operations of the third target laser and more target lasers are completed in sequence.
[0079] Step 8, Conduct target firing experiment: Remove the gas source G and move the target material T into the preset target firing position O to conduct multi-beam laser target firing experiment.
[0080] Through the above exemplary embodiments, the spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition method and apparatus for multi-beam laser pulses provided in this application can achieve high-precision spatiotemporal reference unification. By locking the orthogonal probe laser with the front end of the ionization channel, a stable time zero point and spatial target point reference are established, enabling femtosecond-level time synchronization and micrometer-level spatial coincidence, significantly improving the superposition accuracy of multi-beam lasers. Its adjustment process is intuitive and reliable, using ionization channel imaging as the direct observation basis, and employing a combination of coarse and fine adjustments. The steps are clear, highly repeatable, and effectively reduce the difficulty of multi-beam laser adjustment. Simultaneously, the probe master laser can... The amount of laser beams used is less than 10% of the target laser, resulting in minimal disturbance to the main laser. This does not affect the energy, beam quality, or transmission characteristics of the target laser, ensuring the authenticity and stability of the target shooting experiment. Furthermore, the similar energies of the two probe lasers ensure consistent imaging sensitivity and balanced signals, effectively avoiding positioning deviations caused by uneven energy and further improving the accuracy of spatiotemporal diagnosis. In addition, the device has a simple structure and strong versatility, using conventional optical components and gas nozzles. It is compatible with existing high-field laser experimental platforms, making it easy to build, operate, and promote. It can meet the engineering application requirements of dual-beam and multi-beam laser target shooting.
[0081] It should be clearly understood that this application describes how specific examples are formed and used, but this application is not limited to any details of these examples. Rather, based on the teachings of the disclosure of this application, these principles can be applied to many other embodiments.
[0082] Furthermore, it should be noted that the above figures are merely illustrative representations of the processes included in the method according to exemplary embodiments of this application, and are not intended to be limiting. It is readily understood that the processes shown in the above figures do not indicate or limit the temporal order of these processes. Additionally, it is readily understood that these processes may be executed synchronously or asynchronously, for example, in multiple modules.
[0083] Exemplary embodiments of this application have been specifically shown and described above. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the detailed structures, arrangements, or implementation methods described herein; rather, this application is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements that fall within the objectives and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for spatiotemporal diagnosis and superposition of multiple laser pulses, characterized in that, include: The probe master laser is extracted from the first target laser optical path; The probe master laser is split into two probe laser beams; Control the two probe laser beams to pass through the gas source; Acquire gas source imaging from the two probe laser beams; The energy of the first target laser is adjusted to ionize the gas source, forming a first ionization channel; Adjust the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams so that the front end of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and lock the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams. Adjust the position of the first target laser so that the first ionization channel coincides with the preset target position; Control the second target-hitting laser to pass through the gas source; The energy of the second target laser is adjusted to ionize the gas source, forming a second ionization channel. Adjust the optical path delay of the second target laser so that the front end of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and lock the optical path delay of the second target laser. Adjust the position of the second target laser so that the second ionization channel coincides with the first ionization channel at the preset target position.
2. The spatiotemporal diagnosis and overlay method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of the energy of the probe laser to the energy of the first target laser is less than 0.
1.
3. The spatiotemporal diagnosis and overlay method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission directions of the two probe laser beams are orthogonal.
4. The spatiotemporal diagnosis and overlay method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas source includes a high-density gas source, which includes nitrogen, hydrogen, or an inert gas.
5. The spatiotemporal diagnosis and overlay method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment of the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams, so that the front end of the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and the locking of the optical path delay of the two probe laser beams, includes: The optical path delay of the two probe laser beams is coarsely adjusted so that the complete first ionization channel can be observed in the gas source imaging; Fine-tuning the optical path delay of the two probe lasers gradually shortens the first ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging along the transmission direction of the first target laser. When the front end of the first ionization channel observed in gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, the adjustment of the optical path delay of the two probe lasers is stopped and locked, and the current state is determined as the reference state for spatiotemporal diagnosis.
6. The spatiotemporal diagnosis and overlay method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment of the optical path delay of the second target laser, so that the front end of the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, and the locking of the optical path delay of the second target laser, includes: The optical path delay of the second target laser is coarsely adjusted so that the complete second ionization channel can be observed in the gas source imaging; Fine-tuning the optical path delay of the second target laser gradually shortens the second ionization channel observed in the gas source imaging along the transmission direction of the second target laser. When the front end of the second ionization channel observed in gas source imaging reaches the preset target position, the adjustment of the optical path delay of the second target laser is stopped and locked to achieve time synchronization between the second target laser and the first target laser at the preset target position.
7. A spatiotemporal diagnostic and superposition device for multi-beam laser pulses, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal diagnostic and overlay device is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the spatiotemporal diagnostic and overlay device comprises: The first target laser source is used to output the first target laser and transmit it along the first target laser optical path; The second target laser source is used to output the second target laser and transmit it along the second target laser optical path; A probe beam splitting component is disposed in the first target laser optical path to extract the probe master laser from the first target laser and split the probe master laser to form two probe lasers. A gas source is set at a preset target firing position, through which the first target firing laser, the second target firing laser, and the two probe lasers pass; An imaging component is used to acquire images of the two probe laser beams passing through the gas source to observe the first ionization channel and the second ionization channel; An optical path delay adjustment component is used to adjust and lock the optical path delay of the two probe lasers and the second target laser; A spatial position adjustment component is used to adjust the spatial position of the first target laser and the second target laser, so that the first ionization channel and the second ionization channel coincide at the preset target position.
8. The spatiotemporal diagnostic and overlay device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The probe spectrometer assembly includes: The first beam splitter is disposed in the first target laser optical path and is used to transmit and extract the probe mother laser from the first target laser and to continue transmitting the reflected light as the first target laser. The second beam splitter is disposed in the probe mother laser optical path and is used to split the probe mother laser into two independent probe laser beams.
9. The spatiotemporal diagnostic and overlay device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The gas source includes a high-density gas nozzle for generating nitrogen, hydrogen, or inert gas.
10. The spatiotemporal diagnostic and overlay device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The spatial position adjustment component includes a frame or a displacement stage, used to adjust the transmission path and spatial orientation of the first and second target lasers.