A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver

Abstract

The application discloses a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiving device, which comprises a wireless low-power wireless transceiving device, a fixed-position wireless transceiving device, a wireless gateway and a cloud platform; the wireless low-power wireless transceiving device does not integrate a satellite positioning module and periodically emits signals; the fixed-position wireless transceiving device is fixedly arranged, receives signals and obtains field strength or angle of arrival information, and its own coordinates can be obtained through GNSS or be injected through a local / remote mode; the wireless gateway receives data of the fixed-position wireless transceiving device and uploads the data to the cloud platform; the cloud platform calculates the position of the wireless low-power wireless transceiving device and generates a motion trajectory; through four-layer architecture, a flexible position obtaining mode (GNSS / injection) and a dual-mode design of the gateway, the application realizes high adaptability, high reliability, low-power full-scene positioning and trajectory recording, and effectively solves the problems of single scene, rigid architecture and poor anti-interference of the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Internet of Things and wireless positioning technology, and relates to a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of IoT technology, the demand for location and trajectory tracking of people, assets, and pets is increasing. Existing technical solutions, such as Bluetooth beacon-based positioning, LoRa-based asset tracking, and UWB-based high-precision positioning, all have their own limitations in practical applications.

[0003] For example, existing technology collects tag signals through Bluetooth receivers deployed on streetlights, aggregates them via a ZigBee network, and then uploads them to the platform through a 4G gateway. However, this system has the following shortcomings: 1) The system architecture is vaguely described, failing to clearly define an independent wireless gateway layer, resulting in unclear boundaries between the receiver's and gateway's functions and poor scalability; 2) The receiver only supports GNSS (such as GPS) for location acquisition, making it unsuitable for deployment or requiring additional configuration in scenarios without satellite signals, such as underground utility tunnels or indoor spaces, thus lacking flexibility; 3) Tags typically operate on fixed channels, making them susceptible to interference in complex wireless environments, resulting in low reliability; 4) The system design is only for Bluetooth tags, making it difficult to be compatible with tags using other low-power communication protocols such as BLE-AOA and LoRa, leading to poor versatility.

[0004] Other similar solutions, such as Bluetooth AOA positioning and LoRa positioning in existing technologies, mostly focus on specific communication protocols or positioning algorithms themselves, resulting in insufficient system integrity and a lack of comprehensive consideration for all scenarios, multiple protocols, and high reliability. Existing technologies generally suffer from rigid system architecture, weak scenario adaptability, poor anti-interference capabilities, and low compatibility between different solutions.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this application is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, thereby solving the aforementioned technical problems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver includes a wireless low-power transceiver, a fixed-location wireless transceiver, a wireless gateway, and a cloud platform. The wireless low-power transceiver is used to periodically transmit wireless signals containing its own identification information, and the wireless low-power transceiver does not integrate a satellite positioning module. Multiple fixed-location wireless transceivers are fixedly deployed in different geographical locations to receive wireless signals transmitted by low-power wireless transceivers and obtain the received signal strength or angle of arrival information of the wireless signals. The fixed-location wireless transceivers are equipped with a location acquisition unit to obtain their own coordinates through the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module, or to receive and store the injected preset coordinates through a local interface or a remote communication interface. The fixed-position wireless transceiver is also used to package the identification information of the wireless low-power wireless transceiver, the received signal strength or angle of arrival information, as well as its own coordinate information and timestamp to generate a first data packet, and send it through wireless communication. The wireless gateway is used to receive the first data packet from one or more fixed-location wireless transceivers and upload the first data packet to the cloud platform via a wide area network link; The cloud platform is used to receive and store the first data packet from the wireless gateway. Based on the received signal strength or angle of arrival information in the first data packet and the coordinate information of the fixed-position wireless transceiver, it calculates the real-time position of the wireless low-power transceiver and connects multiple real-time positions to form a motion trajectory according to the time series.

[0008] The working principle of this invention is based on a collaborative mechanism of distributed signal sensing, data aggregation and forwarding, and cloud computing. Its core lies in the organic combination of low-power terminal signal transmission, fixed node information relay and fusion, reliable data backhaul, and powerful cloud intelligent processing through a four-layer architecture with clear hierarchy and functional decoupling, so as to achieve continuous positioning and trajectory tracking of mobile targets.

[0009] The specific workflow is as follows: Step 1: Signal transmission and acquisition.

[0010] A low-power wireless transceiver worn on the target transmits a low-power wireless signal (such as BLE or LoRa) containing its unique ID on a non-fixed frequency point at a preset, remotely configurable period (e.g., 10 seconds), using multi-channel polling or adaptive switching. This design ensures extremely low power consumption (power lasting for several years) and excellent resistance to co-channel interference. The signal contains no satellite positioning information, fundamentally guaranteeing the tag's miniaturization and low power consumption.

[0011] Step 2: Fixed node perception and information fusion.

[0012] A large number of fixed-location wireless transceivers, pre-deployed on fixed infrastructure (such as streetlight poles and pipe gallery supports), continuously scan and receive tag signals within their coverage area. Each device contains two key functional units: 1. Signal processing unit: measures the received signal strength (RSSI) or angle of arrival (AOA) information. 2. Location acquisition unit: This is one of the key innovations of this invention. In open areas such as outdoors, this unit acquires its own precise geographic coordinates in real time through a built-in GNSS module (such as GPS / BeiDou). In scenarios where GNSS signals are unavailable, such as underground or indoors, a "location injection" mechanism is used. During deployment, engineers manually input the coordinates through a local interface (such as a serial port), or the cloud platform remotely sends the pre-mapped precise coordinates via the network. The device packages "tag ID, measured RSSI / AOA value, its own precise coordinates, and current timestamp" to generate a standardized first data packet.

[0013] Step 3: Flexible networking and reliable backhaul.

[0014] The packaged data needs to be aggregated and uploaded to the Internet via a wireless gateway. This invention provides significant deployment flexibility in this stage. In large-area coverage scenarios (such as smart street light networks), a standalone gateway mode is used: the gateway acts as a pure data aggregation point, collecting data from dozens to hundreds of fixed-location wireless transceivers using self-organizing networking technologies such as ZigBee and LoRa, and then uploading it via higher-speed wide area network links such as 4G / 5G and Ethernet. In small or enclosed areas (such as nursing homes and warehouses), a converged gateway mode can be used: the gateway integrates the complete functionality of fixed-location wireless transceivers, acting as both a signal receiving and location acquisition node to communicate directly with tags, and also performing data uploads, greatly simplifying system deployment. The gateway also has data caching capabilities to ensure no data loss when the network is temporarily unstable.

[0015] Step 4: Cloud-based intelligent calculation and trajectory generation.

[0016] All data ultimately converges on the cloud platform. The platform invokes the appropriate positioning algorithm engine based on the tag type and scenario. For ordinary BLE or LoRa tags, it employs RSSI-based fingerprint positioning, centroid positioning, or triangulation algorithms. Utilizing the signal strength of the same tag reported by multiple fixed nodes and its known coordinates, the platform calculates the tag's real-time location with a typical accuracy of 2-5 meters. For BLE tags supporting AOA, AOA positioning or RSSI+AOA fusion positioning algorithms can be used, improving accuracy to 1-3 meters. The platform connects and smooths these discrete positioning points in chronological order, forming a continuous and complete motion trajectory, which is then stored in the database. Simultaneously, the platform monitors tag status (such as battery level) in real time and can trigger alarms through rules such as electronic fences.

[0017] Step 5: Application presentation and interaction.

[0018] Finally, the processed real-time location, historical trajectory, status, and alarm information are pushed to the user's mobile APP, web management backend, or third-party business system in real time through standard API interfaces, allowing users to monitor, query, analyze, and schedule, thus completing the closed loop from physical world perception to information world presentation.

[0019] Working principle summary: This invention solves the problem of deploying fixed nodes in all scenarios through the "coordinate acquisition and injection dual-mode mechanism"; it resolves the contradiction between system scalability and low-cost deployment through the "gateway independent / integrated dual-mode design"; and it separates computational complexity and power consumption requirements through the architecture of "centralized cloud computing + extreme terminal simplification", enabling the tag to achieve ultra-long battery life.

[0020] Furthermore, the wireless gateway has both an independent operating mode and a converged operating mode; In stand-alone mode, the wireless gateway acts only as a data forwarding node, receiving the first data packet from the wireless transceiver device at a fixed location; In converged operating mode, the wireless gateway integrates all the functions of a fixed-location wireless transceiver, and can directly receive wireless signals transmitted by the wireless low-power transceiver and generate the first data packet.

[0021] Furthermore, the wireless low-power transceiver uses the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol, the BLE protocol that supports angle of arrival measurement, or the LoRa communication protocol.

[0022] Furthermore, the wireless low-power transceiver operates at a non-fixed frequency and supports sequentially polling and transmitting wireless signals among multiple pre-configured channels, or automatically switching to the optimal channel for transmission based on channel quality assessment results.

[0023] Furthermore, the wireless communication method between the fixed-location wireless transceiver and the wireless gateway is point-to-point communication, self-organizing network communication based on the ZigBee protocol, or self-organizing network communication based on the LoRa protocol.

[0024] Furthermore, the wireless gateway uploads the first data packet to the cloud platform via one or more of the following methods: mobile cellular network, satellite communication link, Ethernet, or wireless local area network (WIFI).

[0025] Furthermore, the cloud platform is also used to push the real-time location, movement trajectory, or status alarm information of the wireless low-power transceiver to the user terminal application.

[0026] Furthermore, the fixed-position wireless transceiver is fixedly deployed on the support of street light poles, building walls, or underground utility tunnels.

[0027] Furthermore, the transmission cycle and transmission power of the wireless low-power transceiver can be remotely configured via a cloud platform.

[0028] Furthermore, the wireless gateway integrates a data caching module, which is used to temporarily store the first data packet to be uploaded when the network is interrupted, and continue uploading after the network is restored.

[0029] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, which, through the rigid limitation of a four-layer structure of “wireless low-power wireless transceiver device - fixed-location wireless transceiver device - wireless gateway - cloud platform”, covers the core form of most existing and future low-power positioning systems at the system architecture level, laying a broad protection foundation.

[0030] 2. In this invention, the fixed-position wireless transceiver device supports two location acquisition methods: "GNSS positioning" and "coordinate injection". This allows the system to be used in open outdoor areas as well as in scenarios without satellite signals, such as underground pipe corridors and indoor factories, thus solving the problem of the limited application scenarios in existing technologies.

[0031] 3. In this invention, the wireless gateway has two working modes: independent and converged. When deployed in large-area areas (such as smart streetlights), the independent gateway mode is used to centrally transmit data; when deployed in small areas (such as nursing homes and warehouses), the converged gateway mode can be used to save equipment costs and installation complexity.

[0032] 4. In this invention, the low-power wireless transceiver supports multi-channel switching, avoiding the problem of fixed channels being susceptible to continuous interference and improving the reliability of the wireless link.

[0033] 5. In this invention, the system design is compatible with tags of various mainstream low-power communication protocols such as BLE, BLE-AOA, and LoRa. Users can choose tags according to their different needs for power consumption, accuracy, and cost. The platform side processes the tags by adapting to different positioning algorithms (such as RSSI and AOA), which has good foresight and scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments, experimental examples, and comparative examples will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein: Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the system of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a wireless low-power transceiver (Bluetooth BLE type) in the shape of a keychain; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a card-shaped low-power wireless transceiver (supporting BLE-AOA type); Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a fixed-position wireless transceiver that can be mounted on a streetlight pole. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware modules of a wireless gateway; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the interface for displaying the movement trajectory of tags on a cloud platform; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a Bluetooth BLE tag in a real-world testing scenario. Reference numerals: 1-Wireless Low-Power Transceiver, 2-Fixed Location Wireless Transceiver, 3-Wireless Gateway, 4-Cloud Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments, experimental examples, and comparative examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0036] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0037] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0038] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0039] I. Implementation Examples Example 1: Outdoor Personnel Positioning System Based on Streetlight Deployment This invention discloses a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the specific implementation of this embodiment is as follows: This system includes four layers: a wireless low-power wireless transceiver device 1 (i.e., a positioning tag), a fixed-position wireless transceiver device 2, a wireless gateway 3, and a cloud platform 4.

[0040] The wireless low-power transceiver 1 uses a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon based on the OM6626 chip. Its transmission cycle is configured to be 10 seconds, and its transmission power is adjustable. It supports polling transmission signals on three broadcast channels (37, 38, 39). The tag is in the form of a key fob. Figure 3 It does not integrate any satellite positioning module.

[0041] The fixed-position wireless transceiver 2 is fixedly installed on the lamp post of the smart street light in the city. Figure 5 Its core components include: a main control processor N32G4FRHEQ7, a GNSS positioning module ATGM332D-5N31 (for acquiring its own GPS / BeiDou coordinates), a ZigBee communication module CC2530, and a 2.4GHz radio frequency front-end for receiving BLE tag signals. Each device automatically acquires and stores its precise latitude and longitude coordinates via the GNSS module upon installation.

[0042] Wireless Gateway 3 operates in standalone mode. Its hardware ( Figure 6 The gateway includes an MCU, a ZigBee coordinator module (CC2530), and a 4G communication module (EC800M). The gateway forms a star or mesh network with multiple fixed-location wireless transceivers within a radius of hundreds of meters via the ZigBee network, receives the first data packets from them, and then packages and uploads the data to the Internet via the 4G mobile network.

[0043] The cloud platform 4 is deployed on a cloud server and includes a data receiving module, an RSSI positioning algorithm engine, a trajectory processing module, and a web application interface. After receiving data, the platform uses the RSSI values ​​and coordinates of the same tag reported by multiple fixed-location wireless transceivers 2 to calculate the tag's real-time location using a triangulation algorithm and form a motion trajectory. Figure 7 Users can view the location and historical trajectory of people in real time through a mobile app, and receive alarms for crossing electronic fence boundaries.

[0044] Example 2: Underground utility tunnel asset positioning system This invention discloses a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the specific implementation method of this embodiment is as follows: This embodiment demonstrates the application in a scenario without GNSS signal.

[0045] In this system, the wireless low-power transceiver 1 can use a LoRa tag (based on the SX1278 chip) to achieve a longer communication distance and stronger penetration capability.

[0046] The fixed-position wireless transceiver device 2 is installed on a fixed bracket inside the utility tunnel. Since there is no GNSS signal underground, its position coordinates are set via "local injection": construction personnel use a handheld device connected to the device via USB serial port to directly write the pre-measured precise coordinates (XYZ coordinates relative to the utility tunnel entrance) into the device's memory. The devices communicate with each other via a LoRaMesh self-organizing network.

[0047] Wireless gateway 3 can be deployed at the exit of the utility tunnel or at nodes with network coverage, and upload data to cloud platform 4 via Ethernet. Platform 4 uses the injected coordinates and the received signal strength to locate and manage the trajectory of assets (such as inspection robots and important equipment) within the utility tunnel.

[0048] Example 3: Nursing Home Staff Monitoring System (Converged Gateway Mode) This invention discloses a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the specific implementation method of this embodiment is as follows: This embodiment demonstrates the use of gateway convergence mode to simplify the system when deployed in small and medium-sized areas.

[0049] In a nursing home campus, a wireless low-power transceiver 1 is a smart bracelet (integrated with BLE tag) worn by the elderly.

[0050] The wireless gateway 3 operates in converged mode. It integrates all the functional modules (signal reception, location acquisition) of the fixed-location wireless transceiver device 2. These converged gateways 3 are directly deployed in key locations such as corridors and activity rooms on each floor of the nursing home. Each gateway 3 connects to the nursing home's intranet through its built-in WiFi module (ESP32). It can also directly receive BLE signals emitted by the elderly's wristbands and generate the first data packet using its built-in GNSS module (outdoor) or pre-injected coordinates (indoor). Then, it is directly uploaded to the locally deployed or cloud-deployed platform 4 via the intranet.

[0051] This model eliminates the need for numerous independent, fixed-location wireless transceivers and complex self-organizing network setups, making it quick to deploy and lower in cost. It is ideal for small to medium-sized areas with good network coverage.

[0052] Example 4: Cold Chain Logistics Tracking System This invention discloses a positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the specific implementation method of this embodiment is as follows: This embodiment demonstrates compatibility with multiple protocol tags.

[0053] In cold chain logistics scenarios, there is a variety of objects that need to be tracked. LoRa wireless transceivers (SX1278) with a battery life of several years can be mounted on the outside of containers for door opening and closing and rough positioning; BLE wireless transceivers (OM6626) that support temperature sensing can be attached to the packaging of high-value medicines inside containers for precise positioning and temperature monitoring; forklifts in warehouses can be equipped with wireless transceivers (nRF5340) that support BLE-AOA to achieve sub-meter level high-precision positioning.

[0054] The fixed-location wireless transceiver 2 needs to be configured with a multi-mode RF front-end to simultaneously receive LoRa and BLE signals. The wireless gateway 3 and the cloud platform 4 need to be able to parse and process data from different types of tags and call the corresponding positioning algorithms (such as RSSI for LoRa / normal BLE, and AOA for high-precision BLE).

[0055] This system allows logistics companies to monitor all different types of assets on a unified platform, enabling full-chain visual tracking from warehousing and transportation to delivery.

[0056] II. Experimental Examples Experiment Example 1: Outdoor Smart Streetlight Personnel / Asset Management Scenario Experimental Setup: On a 1.5-kilometer-long municipal road, a fixed-position wireless transceiver (operating mode: GNSS positioning + ZigBee backhaul) was deployed every 30 meters along both sides of the streetlights. A total of 100 devices were deployed. Two wireless gateways (independent mode) were deployed, transmitting data via a 4G network. Test personnel carried BLE low-power wireless transceivers (10-second transmission period, three-channel polling) while walking and cycling along the road. The cloud platform used RSSI centroid positioning or multiple positioning algorithms.

[0057] Experimental results: Location coverage: The location success rate reached 99.8% throughout the entire test path (only a very few points were blocked and no device received a signal).

[0058] Positioning accuracy: The average positioning error is 3.5 meters, and 95% of the positioning point errors are within 5 meters, meeting the needs of outdoor personnel and vehicle management.

[0059] System latency: From the time the tag transmits a signal to the cloud platform calculating the location and pushing it to the APP, the average end-to-end latency is less than 8 seconds.

[0060] Tag battery life: BLE tags using CR2032 batteries have a theoretical battery life of over 5 years with a 10-second transmission cycle.

[0061] This experimental example verifies the feasibility of the four-layer architecture under wide-area coverage, as well as the effectiveness and accuracy of the "fixed GNSS location acquisition + independent gateway + cloud RSSI calculation" technical approach.

[0062] Experiment Example 2: Underground Integrated Utility Tunnel Inspection and Tracking Scenario Experimental setup: GNSS signals cannot be received within a 500-meter-long area of ​​an underground utility tunnel. A fixed-position wireless transceiver (operating mode: local injection of precise mapping coordinates via USB serial port + LoRa Mesh self-organizing network) is deployed every 20 meters along the tunnel's roof support. A wireless gateway (standalone mode, connected via Ethernet within the tunnel) is also deployed. An inspection robot carries a LoRa low-power wireless transceiver (30-second transmission cycle) and a high-precision UWB positioning module (as a baseline).

[0063] Experimental results: Positioning Availability: In a utility tunnel with no GNSS signal, the system achieved 100% positioning coverage by using pre-injected coordinates, solving the failure problem of existing technologies in this scenario.

[0064] Positioning accuracy: The average positioning error is 6.2 meters. Due to the significant multipath effect of the pipe gallery structure on LoRa signals, the accuracy is slightly lower than that outdoors, but it can still clearly determine which pipe gallery section the inspection robot is located in, meeting the needs of asset area management.

[0065] Network reliability: The LoRa Mesh self-organizing network exhibits good penetration and stability within the utility tunnel, with a data packet upload success rate of 99.5% to the gateway.

[0066] This experimental example verifies the indispensability of the "location injection" mechanism in scenarios without GNSS signals, as well as the networking reliability of LoRaMesh in complex environments.

[0067] Experiment Example 3: Application of Converged Gateway Mode in Nursing Homes Experimental setup: In a three-story nursing home building, three wireless gateways (operating in converged mode, with coordinates remotely injected during deployment and connected via Wi-Fi) were deployed in the corridors and activity areas on each floor. Twenty elderly residents wore BLE low-power wireless transceiver wristbands. RSSI positioning was used on the cloud platform.

[0068] Experimental results: Ease of deployment: No need to deploy independent fixed nodes and complex self-organizing networks, only power and network access are required for the converged gateway, saving more than 60% of deployment time.

[0069] Positioning accuracy: It can achieve floor-level and room-level area positioning with an accuracy of about 5-8 meters, meeting the needs of personnel monitoring "present / absent" status and area control.

[0070] Economic efficiency: Compared to the solution of deploying independent fixed nodes + independent gateways, the total equipment investment is reduced by about 40% in small and medium-sized scenarios.

[0071] This experimental example verifies the outstanding effect of the "gateway convergence mode" in simplifying deployment and reducing costs in small and medium-sized scenarios, demonstrating the flexibility of the system architecture.

[0072] Experiment Example 4: Multi-protocol tag compatibility platform test Experimental setup: An access layer was developed on a cloud platform, adapting tag data parsing modules and corresponding positioning algorithm engines for three protocols: BLE RSSI, BLE AOA, and LoRa. In a simulated test field, 10 tags for each of the three protocols were simultaneously connected to simulate different business objects (personnel, high-precision assets, and long-distance assets).

[0073] Experimental results: Platform access capability: The cloud platform successfully accesses and correctly parses the three types of tag data, displays their locations on a unified map interface, and stores the trajectory data independently.

[0074] Differentiated services: BLE AOA tags achieve high-precision area control with an accuracy of 1.5 meters; ordinary BLE tags achieve personnel and area management with an accuracy of 3-5 meters; LoRa tags achieve communication and approximate area positioning over 2 kilometers in long-distance testing.

[0075] Management efficiency: Operations and maintenance personnel can manage all types of located targets on the same platform without switching between different systems.

[0076] This experimental example verifies the "multi-protocol label compatibility" capability of the system architecture of this invention, as well as the advantages of "unified access and differentiated processing" of the cloud platform, demonstrating the scalability and forward-looking nature of the system design.

[0077] III. Comparative Example Comparative Example 1: Comparison with a single GNSS positioning tag scheme Comparative solution: Tracking tags with integrated GPS+4G communication modules.

[0078] Comparison items: Power consumption and battery life: Comparative tags consume extremely high power due to continuous operation of GPS and 4G modules, and their battery life is typically only 1-2 weeks when using batteries of the same capacity. The tag of this invention has a battery life of several years, offering a significant advantage.

[0079] Indoor / Underground Availability: The comparison shows that the device is completely inoperable in areas without satellite signals, such as indoors and underground. This invention achieves full coverage through fixed nodes and location injection.

[0080] Cost: The hardware cost of the existing tag system is high. This invention distributes the high-cost modules (GNSS, 4G) across a large number of fixed nodes and gateways, resulting in extremely low cost per tag.

[0081] Comparative Example 2: Comparison with Fixed Channel / Single Protocol Label Scheme Comparative solutions: Use traditional BLE beacons that operate on a fixed single channel, or tags that only support LoRa.

[0082] Experimental setup: A comparative test was conducted on the same road as in Experiment 1 during the evening rush hour (when there are many Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices nearby).

[0083] Comparison items: Interference resistance and data integrity: In a complex electromagnetic environment, the fixed-channel tag suffers signal interference, resulting in a packet loss rate of up to 15% at the fixed node. The tag of this invention (multi-channel polling) effectively avoids interference through channel switching, reducing the packet loss rate to below 2% and significantly improving trajectory continuity.

[0084] Scene adaptability: Comparative methods (LoRa tags only) are not suitable for indoor personnel positioning scenarios requiring high refresh rates or fine-grained area segmentation. This invention supports multi-protocol tags, allowing users to select the optimal tag for different needs (e.g., LoRa for outdoor assets, BLE-AOA for indoor personnel), resulting in greater system versatility.

[0085] IV. Conclusion The comparison between the above experimental examples and comparative examples shows that the positioning and path recording system based on the four-layer architecture provided by the present invention, by introducing collaborative technical features such as "dual-mode location acquisition", "dual-mode gateway operation" and "multi-channel / multi-protocol tag", has achieved significant, but not obvious, progress in several key performance indicators such as system battery life, scenario universality, deployment flexibility, anti-interference capability, overall cost and management efficiency compared with the existing single technical solutions (comparative examples), and has comprehensively solved the various defects pointed out in the background art.

[0086] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments, experimental examples, and comparative examples of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or improvements to the specific implementation of the wireless communication protocol, the selection and optimization of the positioning algorithm, and the selection of the hardware chip without departing from the principle of the present invention. These should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver, characterized in that, include: Wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1), fixed-location wireless transceiver (2), wireless gateway (3) and cloud platform (4). The wireless low-power transceiver (1) is used to periodically transmit wireless signals containing its own identification information, and the wireless low-power transceiver (1) does not integrate a satellite positioning module. Multiple fixed-location wireless transceivers (2) are fixedly deployed in different geographical locations to receive wireless signals transmitted by the wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1) and obtain the received signal strength or angle of arrival information of the wireless signal; the fixed-location wireless transceiver (2) is equipped with a location acquisition unit to obtain its own coordinates through the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module, or to receive and store the injected preset coordinates through a local interface or a remote communication interface; The fixed-position wireless transceiver (2) is also used to package the identification information of the wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1), the received signal strength or angle of arrival information, and its own coordinate information and timestamp to generate a first data packet, and send it through wireless communication. The wireless gateway (3) is used to receive the first data packet from one or more of the fixed-location wireless transceivers (2) and upload the first data packet to the cloud platform (4) via a wide area network link. The cloud platform (4) is used to receive and store the first data packet from the wireless gateway (3), calculate the real-time position of the wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1) based on the received signal strength or angle of arrival information in the first data packet and the coordinate information of the fixed-position wireless transceiver (2), and connect multiple real-time positions to form a motion trajectory according to the time series.

2. The positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless gateway (3) has an independent working mode and a converged working mode; In the independent working mode, the wireless gateway (3) acts only as a data forwarding node, receiving the first data packet from the fixed-location wireless transceiver (2); In the integrated working mode, the wireless gateway (3) integrates all the functions of the fixed-location wireless transceiver (2), and can directly receive the wireless signals transmitted by the wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1) and generate the first data packet.

3. The positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless low-power transceiver (1) adopts the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication protocol, the BLE protocol that supports angle of arrival measurement, or the LoRa communication protocol.

4. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The wireless low-power transceiver (1) operates at a non-fixed frequency and supports sequentially polling and transmitting wireless signals among multiple pre-configured channels, or automatically switching to the optimal channel for transmission based on channel quality assessment results.

5. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication between the fixed-position wireless transceiver (2) and the wireless gateway (3) is point-to-point communication, self-organizing network communication based on the ZigBee protocol, or self-organizing network communication based on the LoRa protocol.

6. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless gateway (3) uploads the first data packet to the cloud platform through one or more of the following methods: mobile cellular network, satellite communication link, Ethernet or wireless local area network (WIFI).

7. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud platform (4) is also used to push the real-time location, motion trajectory, or status alarm information of the wireless low-power wireless transceiver (1) to the user terminal application.

8. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed-position wireless transceiver (2) is fixedly deployed on the support of a street lamp pole, building wall, or underground pipe gallery.

9. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission cycle and transmission power of the wireless low-power transceiver (1) can be remotely configured through the cloud platform (4).

10. A positioning and path recording system based on a wireless low-power transceiver as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless gateway (3) integrates a data caching module, which is used to temporarily store the first data packet to be uploaded when the network is interrupted, and continue to upload after the network is restored.

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