A physical control method for abnormal proliferation of cladophora and application thereof

Abstract

This invention, entitled "A Physical Control Method for the Abnormal Proliferation of Cladosporium and Its Application," belongs to the field of algae control technology in water environmental protection. The technical problem to be solved is the lack of technical means, poor adaptability of existing methods, unsatisfactory and unsustainable algae control effects, and easy recurrence in the control of Cladosporium. The key points of the technical solution are a physical control method, including the following steps: Step 1: Cladosporium is mechanically destroyed to obtain pretreated Cladosporium; Step 2: Energy deprivation is applied to the pretreated Cladosporium; the mechanical destruction mentioned in Step 1 refers to a physical method that can damage the cells of Cladosporium; the energy mentioned in Step 2 includes at least one of light and nutrients.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of algae control technology in water environment protection, specifically relating to a physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladophora and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of human activities and global warming, abnormal algal proliferation in aquatic bodies has become one of the major aquatic ecological problems in freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Currently, extensive research has been conducted on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and phytoplankton blooms, leading to the development of nutrient control and physical, chemical, and biological control technologies, including physical interception, filtration, coagulation, clarification, flotation, algaecides, ozone, and photolysis. However, chemical and biological methods generally suffer from drawbacks such as high cost, complex processes, and a high risk of secondary pollution: algaecide residues such as copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide easily accumulate along the food chain, poisoning non-target organisms such as fish and benthic animals; microbial algaecides such as algicidal bacteria are significantly affected by water temperature, pH, and nutrients, with their activity decreasing drastically under low temperature and oligotrophic conditions; while algae-eating fish such as grass carp and common carp can control algae in the short term, they easily disrupt native community structures, trigger invasive species, and cause secondary imbalances in the aquatic ecosystem.

[0003] Cladosporium ( Cladophora Belonging to the family Cladophyceae in the phylum Chlorophyta, Cladophyceae is a typical epiphytic alga. Its larvae are epiphytic, while adults are easily buoyant. It is a common and dominant algae species in low-nutrient saline bodies such as water conveyance channels and drinking water sources. Unlike toxin-producing phytoplankton, Cladophyceae does not produce algal toxins, but it has been abnormally proliferating or increasingly frequently erupting in low-nutrient saline bodies such as Qinghai Lake and the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Excessive growth of Cladophyceae can seize ecological niches and disrupt the balance of aquatic vegetation communities; its large size can easily clog water intakes, water conveyance pipelines, and water plant filtration devices; its cell walls contain silica and have a hard structure, making it resistant to conventional disinfectants and even more difficult to remove after adsorbing sticky substances; and its decay and decomposition release odors and organic matter, significantly increasing the difficulty and cost of drinking water treatment.

[0004] Compared to phytoplankton, research and targeted control technologies for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium are significantly lacking. In particular, an increasing number of abnormal Cladosporium blooms are occurring in low-nutrient saline water bodies, which are often drinking water sources or high-quality water bodies. High-risk chemical methods are prohibited in low-nutrient drinking water sources, and biological regulation is time-consuming and unable to meet the rapid proliferation demands during outbreaks. Traditional physical harvesting and interception with barriers are currently the mainstream environmental physical control methods, but they suffer from high labor intensity, low efficiency, and inability to suppress recurrence at the source.

[0005] Relevant patent documents retrieved:

[0006] This document, published in China (CN120476887A) on August 15, 2025, discloses a submerged plant growth aid device. It includes a connectable floating frame light-blocking assembly, a light-guiding assembly, and an intelligent algae removal module. The light-blocking assembly employs a magnetic or sleeve-type splicing structure, and its accommodating space can fix duckweed to form a surface light-blocking layer, inhibiting the reproduction of planktonic algae. The intelligent algae removal device includes an ultrasonic exciter, a control module, and a photovoltaic panel. The ultrasonic exciter is located at the lower end of the light-guiding assembly, the control module is mounted on the frame, and the photovoltaic panel is mounted on the frame. Both the photovoltaic panel and the ultrasonic exciter are electrically connected to the control module. The photovoltaic panel supplies power to the ultrasonic exciter, and the control module controls the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic exciter.

[0007] Relevant non-patent literature retrieved: The journal title is "Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection," and the article title is "Research Progress on Physical Control Methods for Cyanobacterial Blooms," published in the 12th issue of 2018, on pages 45-46. This article discloses that ultrasonic algae removal is an important research direction in current algae removal technology. Although researchers at home and abroad have conducted a lot of research on ultrasonic algae removal and inhibition technology and achieved certain results, at present, ultrasonic algae removal technology is mainly carried out in the laboratory. Due to the ideal laboratory environment, the results are somewhat different from in-situ experiments. Moreover, although high-power, high-frequency ultrasound has a significant effect on cyanobacterial growth, high-power, high-frequency ultrasound attenuates quickly in water, making it impossible for current technology to implement algae removal in large-area water bodies.

[0008] The prior art represented by the aforementioned documents has at least the following unresolved technical problems or defects: The lack of suitable or specific physical control methods for *Cladosporium* makes it impossible to directly apply them to the effective management of its abnormal proliferation. Relevant evidence: Patent document CN120476887A proposes a shading component and an ultrasonic exciter algae removal device suitable for large-area submerged vegetation restoration projects, but it is not a control technology specifically for *Cladosporium*, and it lacks specific technical parameters. Non-patent literature on the research progress of physical control methods for cyanobacteria blooms indicates that high-power, high-frequency ultrasound attenuates rapidly in water, making ultrasonic algae removal currently unsuitable for large-area algae control. Furthermore, it does not consider the combined use of physical ultrasound, physical shading, or propose a "mechanical destruction" + "energy deprivation" system control concept or process sequence, nor does it demonstrate the potential for highly efficient suppression.

[0009] In summary, the current control of Cladosporium in low-nutrient saline bodies faces problems such as a lack of technical means, poor adaptability of existing methods, unsatisfactory and unsustainable algae control effects, and easy recurrence. There is an urgent need to develop a control technology that is adapted to the low-nutrient saline environment, highly targeted, efficient and environmentally friendly, and can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium from the source. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium, and related technologies, to address the technical problems faced in the control of Cladosporium, such as a lack of technical means, poor adaptability of existing methods, poor and unsustainable algae control effects, and easy recurrence, or a combination thereof.

[0011] Terminology Explanation: Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms in this document have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of the claims pertains. Unless otherwise stated, all patents, patent inventions, and publications cited in this document are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. If multiple definitions exist for terms in this document, the definitions in this chapter shall prevail.

[0012] It should be understood that the above brief description and the following detailed description are exemplary and for illustrative purposes only, and do not limit the subject matter of the invention in any way. In this invention, the singular is used in conjunction with the plural unless otherwise specifically stated. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the use of “or” or “or” means “and / or”. Furthermore, the use of the term “comprising” and other forms such as “including,” “containing,” and “contains” are not limiting.

[0013] The definitions of standard chemical terms can be found in the references “Lycology”, Qian Shuben et al., Ocean University of China Press, ISNB:9787810677646; Aquatic Biology Experiments, Zhao Wen et al., China Agriculture Press, ISNB:9787109264809.

[0014] Unless otherwise stated, conventional methods within the scope of the art shall be used, such as methods for the isolation, purification and indoor culture of algae, methods for the determination of the fresh weight of aquatic organisms, methods for the detection of nutrient concentration in water, conventional operating methods for ultrasonic / ultraviolet radiation / microcurrent, and methods for the determination of shading rate in water.

[0015] Unless specifically defined herein, the use of all commercially available products herein employs standard techniques. For example, it may be carried out using the manufacturer's instructions for use with the kit, or in accordance with methods known in the art or the description of this invention. The techniques and methods described herein can generally be implemented according to conventional methods well known in the art, based on the descriptions in the various summary and more specific documents cited and discussed in this specification.

[0016] The terms "optional / arbitrary" or "optionally / arbitrarily" mean that the event or situation described below may or may not occur, including both the occurrence and non-occurrence of the event or situation. As used herein, the term "low-nutrient saline body" refers to aquatic environments with low concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, typically with total nitrogen concentrations <1.0 mg / L and total phosphorus concentrations <0.02 mg / L. Typical examples include drinking water sources, water conveyance channels, and some natural lakes and reservoirs. Such water bodies require stringent environmental and safety requirements for pest control technologies.

[0017] The term "mechanical destruction" used in this article refers to treatment methods that damage the cell structure of Cladophora and disrupt its normal physiological metabolism through physical action. This method does not involve chemical agents and will not cause secondary pollution of water bodies. It specifically includes physical means such as ultrasound, microcurrent, and ultraviolet radiation.

[0018] The term "energy deprivation" used in this article refers to the treatment method that physically cuts off the energy source required for the growth and reproduction of Cladophora. The energy of Cladophora mainly comes from photosynthesis of light energy and the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the water. Therefore, energy deprivation mainly targets blocking one or more of light and nutrients.

[0019] The term "abnormal algal proliferation" used in this article refers to the phenomenon in which algae grow and reproduce at a rate far exceeding the normal level due to suitable environmental conditions, resulting in a large accumulation of algal biomass in the water. This includes algal blooms of phytoplankton and explosive growth of attached algae, and is an important manifestation of aquatic ecological imbalance.

[0020] The term "Cladosporium attachment interface" used in this article refers to the surface of the water matrix on which Cladosporium larvae and adults attach and grow, including the concrete surface and bottom of water conveyance canals, the inner wall of water conveyance pipelines, the surface of water intake facilities, and the bottom of water bodies, as well as various solid interfaces on which Cladosporium attaches and grows.

[0021] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a physical method for preventing and controlling the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The Cladophora is mechanically destroyed to obtain pretreated Cladophora; Step 2: Deprive the pretreated Cladophora of energy.

[0022] The mechanical destruction mentioned in step 1 refers to a physical method that can cause damage to Cladophora cells.

[0023] In some implementations, the mechanical destruction method includes at least one of ultrasound, microcurrent, and ultraviolet radiation.

[0024] In some implementations, the mechanical destruction is performed using ultrasound.

[0025] Preferably, the distance between the ultrasonic emission source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 5-30cm, for example 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, 15cm, 16cm, 17cm, 18cm, 19cm, 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 24cm, 25cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm, 30cm, or any range derived therefrom.

[0026] Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 500-2000W, for example 500W, 600W, 700W, 800W, 900W, 1000W, 1100W, 1200W, 1300W, 1400W, 1500W, 1600W, 1700W, 1800W, 1900W, 2000W, or any range derived therefrom.

[0027] Preferably, the duration of the ultrasound is 5-30 min, for example 5 min, 6 min, 7 min, 8 min, 9 min, 10 min, 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min, 15 min, 16 min, 17 min, 18 min, 19 min, 20 min, 21 min, 22 min, 23 min, 24 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 min, or any range derived therefrom.

[0028] In some implementations, the mechanical damage is caused by a microcurrent.

[0029] Preferably, the distance between the microcurrent source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 0-10cm, for example, 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, or any range derived therefrom.

[0030] Preferably, the current density of the microcurrent is 12-25 mA / cm². 2 For example, 12mA / cm 2 13mA / cm 2 14mA / cm 2 15mA / cm 2 16mA / cm 2 17mA / cm 2 18mA / cm 2 19mA / cm 2 20mA / cm 2 21mA / cm 2 22mA / cm 223mA / cm 2 24mA / cm 2 25mA / cm 2 , or any range derived therefrom.

[0031] Preferably, the duration of the microcurrent is 10-30 min, for example 10 min, 11 min, 12 min, 13 min, 14 min, 15 min, 16 min, 17 min, 18 min, 19 min, 20 min, 21 min, 22 min, 23 min, 24 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 min, or any range derived thereof.

[0032] In some implementations, the mechanical damage is caused by ultraviolet radiation.

[0033] Preferably, the distance between the ultraviolet radiation source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 10-20 cm. For example, 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm, 15 cm, 16 cm, 17 cm, 18 cm, 19 cm, 20 cm, or any range derived therefrom.

[0034] Preferably, the wavelength of the ultraviolet radiation is 254 nm.

[0035] Preferably, the power of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-60W, for example 30W, 31W, 32W, 33W, 34W, 35W, 36W, 37W, 38W, 39W, 40W, 41W, 42W, 43W, 44W, 45W, 46W, 47W, 48W, 49W, 50W, 51W, 52W, 53W, 54W, 55W, 56W, 57W, 58W, 59W, 60W, or any range derived therefrom.

[0036] Preferably, the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is 100-200 μW / cm². 2 For example, 100 μW / cm 2 110μW / cm 2 120μW / cm 2 130μW / cm 2 140μW / cm 2 150μW / cm 2 160μW / cm 2 170μW / cm 2 180μW / cm 2 190μW / cm 2 200μW / cm 2 , or any range derived therefrom.

[0037] Preferably, the ultraviolet radiation treatment time is 20-40 min, for example 20 min, 21 min, 22 min, 23 min, 24 min, 25 min, 26 min, 27 min, 28 min, 29 min, 30 min, 31 min, 32 min, 33 min, 34 min, 35 min, 36 min, 37 min, 38 min, 39 min, 40 min, or any range derived therefrom.

[0038] The energy mentioned in step 2 includes at least one of light and nutrients.

[0039] In some implementations, the energy deprivation is performed through light-blocking treatment. Light-blocking treatment is used as an "energy deprivation" method for cell recovery and growth.

[0040] Preferably, the shading degree of the shading treatment is 80%-100% of the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface, for example, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, or any range derived therefrom.

[0041] Preferably, the light-shielding treatment includes at least one of physical light-shielding and biological light-shielding.

[0042] More preferably, the physical shading includes at least one of shading cloth, shading ball, float and solar photovoltaic panel, such as a combination of solar photovoltaic panel and float, shading cloth, float and solar photovoltaic panel, or any combination thereof.

[0043] More preferably, the biological shading includes a biological floating bed, which is preferably a floating bed planted with emergent plants and floating-leaved plants, such as at least one of lotus floating beds, reed floating beds, water lily floating beds, and calamus floating beds, or any combination thereof.

[0044] Preferably, the nutrient control includes further reducing the nutrient levels in the water and preventing Cladophora from obtaining at least one of the nutrients from the substrate.

[0045] More preferably, the nutrient control of the attached water body includes at least one of the following: source control, geotextile isolation of the water-sediment interface, and sediment dredging of the attached interface.

[0046] Based on further solutions to the technical problems of the present invention, or simultaneous solutions to multiple technical problems, the preferred solution in the technical solution provided in the first aspect of the present invention includes: The first preferred approach involves mechanically destroying the Cladophora cells before limiting the energy deprivation process for growth recovery. This approach addresses the lack of targeted and environmentally friendly physical control techniques for Cladophora in low-nutrient saline waters, as well as the poor and unsustainable effects of existing methods. Furthermore, it solves the technical problems of low treatment efficiency, long treatment times, and poor overall effectiveness.

[0047] The second priority option specifies the methods and parameters for mechanical destruction. Building upon the existing methods' poor and unsustainable control of filamentous algae in low-nutrient saline waters, this solution further addresses the technical problems of low treatment efficiency, long treatment times, and poor overall effectiveness.

[0048] The third priority option specifies the methods and parameters for energy deprivation. Building upon the existing methods' poor and unsustainable control of filamentous algae in low-nutrient saline waters, this solution further addresses the technical problems of low treatment efficiency, long treatment times, and poor overall effectiveness.

[0049] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned physical prevention and control methods in water environment protection.

[0050] In some implementations, the aquatic environment is a low-nutrient saline body, including at least one of drinking water sources, water conveyance channels, and natural low-nutrient saline lakes.

[0051] In some implementations, the aquatic environment may also be at least one of mesotrophic water bodies, hypertrophic water bodies, and water bodies with high total phosphorus content in the sediment.

[0052] In this invention, embodiments 1-6 at least support the protection scope of "mechanical destruction followed by energy deprivation".

[0053] "The process of mechanically destroying Cladosporium to obtain pretreated Cladosporium, followed by energy deprivation of the pretreated Cladosporium," is summarized by the common feature "first treating with ultrasound, microcurrent, ultraviolet radiation, etc., and then performing physical shading treatment" in the foregoing explanation and / or the corresponding steps (2) in Examples 1-6. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that the process of mechanically destroying Cladosporium to obtain pretreated Cladosporium, and then depriving the pretreated Cladosporium of energy, as well as its subordinate concepts, essentially equivalent technical means, and technical means that can be replaced by conventional technical means and common knowledge based on the existing level of technology, should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0054] In this invention, embodiments 1-4 at least support the protection range of "the distance between the ultrasonic emission source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 5-30cm, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 500-2000W, and the duration of the ultrasonic wave is 10-30min".

[0055] "The distance between the ultrasonic emission source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 5-30cm, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 500-2000W, and the duration of the ultrasonic wave is 10-30min," is summarized from the foregoing explanation and / or the corresponding ultrasonic processing steps in Examples 1-3. In Example 1, the distance between the filamentous algae and the ultrasonic emission source is 10cm, the power is 700W, and the processing time is 15min. In Example 2, the distance between the filamentous algae and the ultrasonic emission source is 30cm, the power is 500W, and the processing time is 30min. In Example 3, the distance between the filamentous algae and the ultrasonic emission source is 5cm, the power is 2000W, and the processing time is 5min. In Example 4, the distance between the filamentous algae and the ultrasonic emission source is 15cm, the power is 1000W, and the processing time is 10min. These values ​​correspond to the middle, lower, and upper limits of the protection range for distance, power, and processing time in this technical feature, respectively, comprehensively covering the parameter range of this technical feature. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably presume that "the distance between the ultrasonic emission source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 20-30cm, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 500-2000W, and the duration of the ultrasonic wave is 10-30min", its subordinate concepts, essentially equivalent technical means, and technical means that can be replaced by conventional technical means and common knowledge based on the existing technical level should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0056] In this invention, embodiments 1-4 at least support the protection range of "the light-blocking treatment has a light-blocking degree of 80%-100% of the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface".

[0057] The statement that "the shading degree of the shading treatment is 80%-100% of the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface" is summarized from the foregoing explanation and / or the corresponding shading treatment steps in Examples 1-3. Example 1 uses 100% shading degree, Example 2 uses 90% shading degree, Example 3 uses 80% shading degree, and Example 4 uses 85% shading degree, respectively corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower limits of the protection scope of this technical feature, comprehensively covering the 80%-100% shading degree range. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that "the shading degree of the shading treatment is 80%-100% of the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface," its subordinate concepts, substantially equivalent technical means, and technical means that can be replaced within the scope of conventional technical means and common knowledge based on the existing technical level should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0058] In this invention, Example 5 at least supports the following: "The distance between the microcurrent source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 0-10 cm, and the current density of the microcurrent is 12-25 mA / cm²." 2 The protection range is defined as "the duration of the microcurrent is 10-30 minutes".

[0059] "The distance between the microcurrent source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 0-10 cm, and the current density of the microcurrent is 12-25 mA / cm²." 2 The duration of the microcurrent is 10-30 min, which is summarized from the foregoing explanation and / or the corresponding microcurrent treatment steps in Example 4. In Example 4, the distance between the filamentous algae and the microcurrent source is 5 cm, and the current density is 19 mA / cm². 2 The duration is 17 minutes, precisely corresponding to the core parameter values ​​of this technical feature, completely covering the parameter range of this technical feature and conforming to the optimal adaptation value for practical applications. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that "the distance between the source of the microcurrent and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 0-10 cm, and the current density of the microcurrent is 12-25 mA / cm²". 2 The duration of the microcurrent is 10-30 min, its subordinate concepts, basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can be replaced by conventional technical means and common knowledge based on the existing technical level should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0060] In this invention, Example 6 at least supports the following: "The distance between the ultraviolet radiation source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 10-15 cm, the power of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-60 W, and the radiation intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is 100-200 μW / cm²." 2 The protection range is defined as "the ultraviolet radiation treatment time is 20-40 minutes".

[0061] "The distance between the ultraviolet radiation source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 10-15 cm, the power of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-60 W, and the radiation intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is 100-200 μW / cm²." 2 The ultraviolet radiation treatment time is 20-40 minutes, which is summarized from the foregoing explanation and / or the corresponding ultraviolet radiation treatment steps in Example 5. In Example 5, the source distance is 15 cm, the power is 45 W, and the radiation intensity is 150 μW / cm. 2The processing time of 30 minutes corresponds to the median values ​​of the distance, power, radiation intensity, and processing time protection ranges in this technical feature, comprehensively covering the range of each parameter and closely matching the core adaptation values. Therefore, those skilled in the art can reasonably infer that "the distance between the ultraviolet radiation source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 10-15 cm, the power of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-60 W, and the radiation intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is 100-200 μW / cm²". 2 The ultraviolet radiation treatment time is 20-40 min, its subordinate concepts, basically equivalent technical means, and technical means that can be replaced by conventional technical means and common knowledge based on the existing technical level should all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0062] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has better technical effects in terms of inhibiting the growth of Cladophora and the time required for reculture to restore growth to the initial fresh weight.

[0063] According to experimental tests, this invention increases the growth inhibition rate of Cladosporium by more than 80% under the same conditions or time compared to single physical control methods.

[0064] According to experimental tests, under normal growth conditions, the time required for Cladosporium to recover to its initial fresh weight after physical control treatment according to this invention is more than 90 days. Compared with a single physical control method, the time required to recover to the initial fresh weight is extended by more than 125%.

[0065] In summary, this invention achieves efficient and long-lasting prevention and control of abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium, and can effectively solve the technical problems of abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium and recurrence after prevention and control.

[0066] 2. This invention effectively inhibits the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium through physical control methods without the intervention of chemical agents, while avoiding the risk of secondary pollution of water bodies and ensuring the stability of the aquatic ecosystem and the utilization value of water resources. Furthermore, compared with traditional, inefficient algae control methods such as physical harvesting and interception, it can effectively reduce the human and material costs of water environmental protection and improve the overall efficiency and long-term effectiveness of Cladosporium control in low-nutrient saline water bodies.

[0067] Furthermore, based on the present invention: Based on the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5, this invention adopts a "mechanical destruction followed by energy deprivation" step sequence, combining mechanical destruction parameters adapted to the characteristics of Cladophora, and energy deprivation with a high degree of 80%-100% shading, achieving a new technical effect. After mechanical destruction, the cell wall integrity of Cladophora cells is damaged, significantly reducing their tolerance to subsequent energy deprivation, and the algae-suppressing efficiency of shading treatment is significantly improved compared to a single method. The combined technical effect is far superior to the sum of the effects of mechanical destruction alone, energy deprivation alone, or reversing the step sequence, achieving a synergistic effect of 1+1>2. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the physical control method for abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following non-limiting embodiments are intended to enable those skilled in the art to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. The following content is merely an exemplary description of the scope of protection claimed by the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosed content, and such changes should also fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0070] The present invention will be further described below by way of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, all instruments, devices, equipment, reagents, products, etc., used in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained through conventional commercial means.

[0071] Figure 1 The flowchart below shows the physical control method for abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium according to the present invention. The implementation and technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0072] Cladophora: Common Cladophora in freshwater environments were cleaned and separated, and identified as typical freshwater Cladophora by microscopic morphological comparison. After cultivation, it showed good growth.

[0073] Example 1 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0074] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora. Make the Cladophora 10cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 700W and the processing time to 15min to carry out "mechanical destruction" of Cladophora cells.

[0075] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (100% shading) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0076] Example 2 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0077] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora. Make the Cladophora 30cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 500W and the processing time to 30min to perform "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora cells.

[0078] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (shading degree 90%) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0079] Example 3 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0080] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladosporium, so that the Cladosporium is 5cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 2000W and the processing time to 5min to carry out "mechanical destruction" of the Cladosporium cells.

[0081] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (shading degree 80%) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0082] Example 4 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0083] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora algae so that the Cladophora algae are 15cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 1000W and the processing time to 10min to perform "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora algae cells.

[0084] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (shading degree 85%) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0085] Example 5 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0086] (2) A microcurrent generator was used. Tap water was added, and simulated Cladophora algae were placed in the water, with the Cladophora algae 5 cm away from the microcurrent generator. The current density of the microcurrent was adjusted to 19 mA / cm². 2 The treatment time was 17 minutes to perform "mechanical destruction" of Cladophora cells.

[0087] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically damaged by microcurrent were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (100% shading) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0088] Example 6 A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0089] (2) An ultraviolet radiation generator was used, with the wavelength of the ultraviolet radiation adjusted to 254 nm, the power to 45 W, and the radiation intensity to 150 μW / cm². 2 The treatment time is 30 minutes. The algae are irradiated so that they are 15 cm away from the source of ultraviolet radiation, thus causing "mechanical damage" to the algae cells.

[0090] (3) The Cladophora cells that were “mechanically destroyed” by ultraviolet radiation were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (100% shading) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0091] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the processing order is different; "energy deprivation" is performed first, followed by "mechanical destruction".

[0092] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0093] (2) First, physical shading treatment (100% shading) was performed for 30 days to induce "energy deprivation." Then, the Cladophora algae were placed in an ultrasonic device, with the ultrasonic transmitter placed at the bottom of the device's water tank. Tap water was added, and the simulated Cladophora algae were placed in, ensuring that the Cladophora algae were 10 cm away from the ultrasonic source. The power of the ultrasonic generator was adjusted to 700 W, and the treatment time was 15 min to induce "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora algae cells. During this period, the formation of Cladophora algae cells was observed under a microscope, and the changes in Cladophora algae biomass were monitored and analyzed. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no "mechanical damage".

[0094] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0095] (2) Physical shading treatment (100% shading) was carried out for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells was observed under a microscope and the changes in Cladophora biomass were monitored and analyzed.

[0096] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that there is no "energy deprivation".

[0097] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0098] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora. Make the Cladophora 10cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 700W and the processing time to 15min to perform "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora cells.

[0099] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space without energy deprivation, i.e., under normal light regrowth (0% shading) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0100] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the ultrasound parameters are different.

[0101] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0102] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora. Make the Cladophora 10cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 700W and the processing time to 5min to perform "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora cells.

[0103] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (100% shading) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0104] Comparative Example 5 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the degree of light shading is different.

[0105] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0106] (2) Prepare an ultrasonic device. Place the ultrasonic transmitter at the bottom of the device's water tank, add tap water, and put in simulated cultured Cladophora. Make the Cladophora 10cm away from the ultrasonic source. Adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator to 700W and the processing time to 15min to perform "mechanical destruction" of the Cladophora cells.

[0107] (3) The Cladophora cells that were mechanically destroyed by ultrasound were placed back into the simulated culture space and then subjected to physical shading treatment (shading degree 75%) for 30 days. During this period, the formation of Cladophora cells and the changes in Cladophora biomass were observed and analyzed under a microscope.

[0108] Comparative Example 6 (Normal Control) The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no "mechanical destruction" and "energy deprivation" are performed.

[0109] Specifically: A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium includes the following steps: (1) After washing the well-grown Cladosporium with pure water, take 0.20±0.01g of fresh weight and put it into a simulated culture space (beaker) with a capacity of 500mL. Add 400mL of tap water (low nutrient water) that has been exposed to the sun and add 50.00±0.1g of bottom mud that has been sterilized at high temperature to simulate the growth environment of Cladosporium.

[0110] (2) Provide normal light (0% shading) and culture Cladophora for 30 days. During this period, observe the formation of Cladophora cells and monitor and analyze the changes in Cladophora biomass under a microscope.

[0111] The growth inhibition rate of Cladophora is shown in Table 1.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] The results showed that the physical control methods for abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium provided in Examples 1-6 of this invention inhibited the growth of Cladosporium by 80.10%-95.30%, and the time for the treated Cladosporium to recover to its initial fresh weight under normal conditions (0% shading) all exceeded 90 days. This indicates that the physical control methods used in the examples have a highly efficient and long-lasting inhibitory effect on Cladosporium, can significantly block its self-repair and regeneration and greatly delay the recurrence process, and the control effect is stable and long-lasting.

[0114] Comparing Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the physical control methods of first "energy deprivation" and then "mechanical destruction," and single "energy deprivation" or "mechanical destruction," resulted in growth inhibition rates of 67.75%, 67.55%, and 23.80% for Cladosporium, respectively. Furthermore, the time for the treated Cladosporium to recover to its initial fresh weight under normal conditions (0% shading) was 20-40 days, 10-30 days, and 10-20 days, respectively. This indicates that "energy deprivation" and "mechanical destruction" are the core elements of physical control methods for abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium, and the order of the two has a crucial impact on the control effect.

[0115] Comparison of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 shows that the parameters in "energy deprivation" and "mechanical damage" also have a significant impact on the growth inhibition rate of Cladosporium and the time it takes for Cladosporium to recover to its initial fresh weight under normal conditions (0% shading).

[0116] In summary, this invention achieves highly efficient and long-term prevention and control of abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium through the synergistic effect of mechanical destruction and energy deprivation, combined with parameter adjustment. Compared with comparative single or sequential adjustment technical solutions, this invention has significant technical advantages and can effectively solve the technical problems of abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium and recurrence after prevention and control.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical control method for the abnormal proliferation of Cladosporium, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The Cladophora is mechanically destroyed to obtain pretreated Cladophora; Step 2: Perform energy deprivation on the pretreated Cladophora; The mechanical destruction mentioned in step 1 refers to a physical method that can cause damage to Cladophora cells; The energy mentioned in step 2 includes at least one of light and nutrients.

2. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical destruction method includes at least one of ultrasound, microcurrent and ultraviolet radiation.

3. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the ultrasonic wave source and the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface is 5-30 cm, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 500-2000 W, and the duration of the ultrasonic wave is 5-50 min; preferably, the distance between the ultrasonic wave source and the Cladophora or the Cladophora attachment interface is 10 cm, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 700 W, and the duration of the ultrasonic wave is 15 min.

4. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the microcurrent source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 0-10 cm, and the current density of the microcurrent is 12-25 mA / cm². 2 The duration of the microcurrent is 10-30 minutes; preferably, the distance between the microcurrent source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 5 cm, and the current density of the microcurrent is 19 mA / cm². 2 The duration of the microcurrent is 17 minutes.

5. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the ultraviolet radiation source and the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface is 10-20 cm, the power of the ultraviolet radiation is 30-60 W, and the radiation intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is 100-200 μW / cm². 2 The ultraviolet radiation treatment time is 20-40 minutes.

6. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy deprivation method includes shading treatment, wherein the shading degree of the shading treatment is 80%-100% of the filamentous algae or the filamentous algae attachment interface.

7. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shading treatment includes at least one of physical shading and biological shading; preferably, the physical shading includes at least one of shading cloth, shading ball, float and solar photovoltaic panel; the biological shading includes biological floating bed.

8. The physical prevention and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy deprivation methods include nutrient control, which includes at least one of reducing the nutrient content of the water body and preventing filamentous algae from obtaining nutrients from the attached sediment; preferably, the nutrient control of the attached water body includes at least one of source control, geotextile isolation of the water-sediment interface, and sediment dredging of the attached interface.

9. The application of the physical control method according to any one of claims 1-8 in water environment protection.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water environment is at least one of the following: hypotrophic water body, mesotrophic water body, hypertrophic water body, and water body with high total phosphorus content in the sediment.

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