A wear-resistant steel blade plate material for engineering machinery and a preparation process thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of iron-based alloy preparation technology, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery and its preparation process, including the following steps: heating and forging an iron-based base material, quenching and drying to obtain a matrix; dispersing epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination-treated MoS2 in an ethanol solution for reaction, adding TEOS and APTES for reaction, and impregnating in an impregnation solution containing nickel chloride to obtain composite microspheres; nickel plating and drying the composite microspheres and WC-Co powder respectively, mixing them with iron-based powder, and coating them on the surface of the matrix to obtain the wear-resistant steel blade plate. The wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared by this invention includes a matrix and a wear-resistant layer containing composite microspheres. The MoS2 in the composite microspheres can effectively reduce the friction coefficient of the friction surface, inhibit the occurrence and propagation of scratches, and improve the service life of the wear-resistant steel blade plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of iron-based alloy preparation technology, and particularly relates to a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] Steel blades are castings used for support or protection in grinding, conveying and other equipment. During operation, they are often in direct contact with materials moving at high speeds and need to withstand significant friction. Therefore, steel blades must have high wear resistance to extend their service life.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN119932447B discloses a high wear-resistant hybrid pelletizing machine liner, comprising a matrix and a wear-resistant layer composited on the surface of the matrix. The chemical composition of the matrix, by mass percentage, is: C: 0.25%-0.35%, Si: 0.4%-0.8%, Mn: 1.2%-1.6%, Cr: 0.8%-1.2%, Mo: 0.2%-0.4%, Ni: 0.3%-0.6%, Nb: 1.0%-1.6%, with the balance being Fe. The wear-resistant layer comprises tungsten carbide particles and a composite alloy material. The chemical composition of the composite alloy material, by mass percentage, is: Cr: 15%-20%, Mo: 5%-8%, W: 3%-5%, C: 0.1%-0.2%, Y: 1.2%-2.0%, with the balance being Ni. The volume fraction of the tungsten carbide particles is 30-40%, and the tungsten carbide is coated with a layer of nickel. The wear-resistant layer of the liner made in the aforementioned patent document contains tungsten carbide particles, which have good wear resistance, but lack lubricating particles to provide continuous lubrication to the friction surface, resulting in a high coefficient of friction. During operation, the wear-resistant layer needs to continuously withstand large frictional forces, making it prone to scratches. The sharp geometry of the scratches disrupts the continuity of the stress field, causing stress concentration at the scratches. With the continuous friction of the material, the scratches will rapidly expand and deepen, accelerating the wear rate of the wear-resistant layer and reducing the service life of the liner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery and its preparation process, including a matrix and a wear-resistant layer containing composite microspheres. The MoS2 in the composite microspheres can enter the friction surface under the action of shear force, effectively reducing the friction coefficient of the friction surface, inhibiting the occurrence and expansion of scratches, and improving the service life of the wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A manufacturing process for wear-resistant steel blade plates for engineering machinery includes the following steps: S1. Heat and forge the iron-based base material, quench it, and then dry it to obtain the base material; S2. Epoxidized ZrO2 (zirconia) and primary amination-treated MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) were dispersed in an ethanol solution. After adjusting the pH, the mixture was heated to react. After washing, the mixture was dispersed in an ethanol solution. After adjusting the pH, TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) were added and mixed to react. After washing, the mixture was impregnated in an impregnation solution to react. After drying and heat treatment, composite microspheres were obtained. The impregnation solution was prepared by mixing nickel chloride solution with citric acid and adjusting the pH. S3. The composite microspheres and WC-Co (tungsten carbide-cobalt) powder are nickel-plated and dried to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres and nickel-plated WC-Co powder. After being mixed with iron-based powder, they are coated on the substrate surface to form a wear-resistant layer, thus obtaining wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0006] This invention uses a quenched iron-based base material as the matrix, which has high hardness and can withstand the impact of the mixture. The mixture includes nickel-plated composite microspheres, iron-based powder, and nickel-plated WC-Co powder. During the bonding process with the matrix, the nickel layer on the surface of each component of the mixture can undergo plastic deformation. Through mechanical interlocking and interfacial metallurgy, the mixture and the matrix are firmly connected. The iron-based powder forms a continuous main skeleton, and the nickel-plated composite microspheres and nickel-plated WC-Co powder are embedded in it as functional components, forming a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the matrix, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0007] In the preparation of the composite microspheres, primary amino groups are introduced onto the surface of MoS2 through primary amination treatment, and epoxy groups are introduced onto the surface of ZrO2 through epoxidation treatment. Ring-opening reactions can occur between the primary amino groups and the epoxy groups, allowing ZrO2 to covalently connect to the MoS2 surface. Condensation reactions occur between the hydrolysis products of TEOS and APTES, and between the hydrolysis products and the hydroxyl groups on the ZrO2 surface, fixing adjacent ZrO2 spheres together to form a framework structure coating MoS2, providing high modulus support for MoS2. Nickel plating is then applied to the composite microspheres to introduce a dense nickel layer on their surface, which... While preventing oxygen and water vapor from penetrating, it further provides mechanical support for the composite microspheres, avoiding premature breakage of the composite microspheres during the preparation and use of the wear-resistant layer, and maintaining the effectiveness of MoS2 lubrication performance. When the wear-resistant layer is subjected to friction, WC-Co powder imparts good wear resistance to the wear-resistant layer through its high hardness, resisting material indentation and cutting of the wear-resistant layer. MoS2 in the composite microspheres enters the friction surface under the action of material shear force, providing lubrication for the friction surface, reducing the friction coefficient of the friction surface, further resisting material indentation and cutting of the wear-resistant layer, inhibiting the initiation and expansion of scratches, and improving the service life of wear-resistant steel blade plates.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the iron-based base material is heated to 1100-1150℃ and then forged, immersed in a 10-15wt% PAG polymer (a copolymer of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol) aqueous solution for quenching treatment, dried in an environment of 90-100℃ for 2-3 hours, and cooled to obtain the matrix.

[0009] Furthermore, the ZrO2 is subjected to epoxidation treatment in the following manner: ZrO2 is dispersed in GPTMS (γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) hydrolysate and reacted for 2-3 hours, filtered, and washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol; the GPTMS hydrolysate is prepared by mixing GPTMS with 95-97 wt% ethanol solution, adding acetic acid solution to adjust the pH to 4-5, and reacting for 2-3 hours to obtain the GPTMS hydrolysate.

[0010] Furthermore, the MoS2 is subjected to primary amination treatment in the following manner: dopamine hydrochloride is dissolved in deionized water, MoS2 is added and dispersed, ammonia is added dropwise to adjust the pH value to 8.3-8.7, the reaction is carried out for 2-3 hours, and then washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.

[0011] The metal hydroxyl groups on ZrO2 undergo a condensation reaction with the silanol groups of the hydrolysis products of GPTMS (γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane), introducing epoxy groups and silanol groups onto the ZrO2 surface. Dopamine hydrochloride attaches to MoS2 through hydrophobic interactions and coordination bonds. Under alkaline conditions with a pH of 8.3-8.7, dopamine hydrochloride polymerizes to form a polymeric dopamine film coating MoS2, introducing primary amino groups onto MoS2. This provides a functional group basis for the covalent bonding of ZrO2 to MoS2 through ring-opening reactions between epoxy groups and primary amino groups.

[0012] Further, in step S2, the epoxidized ZrO2 and the primary amination-treated MoS2 are dispersed in a 90-93 wt% ethanol solution, ammonia is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 9-10, the temperature is raised to 60-65℃ and the reaction is carried out for 1.5-2 h, acetic acid solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4-4.3, TEOS and APTES are added and mixed, the reaction is carried out for 3.5-4 h, after washing with deionized water, the mixture is added to the impregnation solution and impregnated for 2-3 h, filtered, washed with deionized water and dried at 90-95℃ and 15-20 kPa for 5-7 h, placed in a nitrogen atmosphere and heated to 140-150℃ for 2-3 h, and cooled to obtain composite microspheres; the impregnation solution is prepared by mixing a 5-6 wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution with citric acid, and then adding ammonia dropwise to adjust the pH to 7.5-8.

[0013] Under conditions of pH 9-10 and temperature 60-65℃, the epoxy groups on the ZrO2 surface react with MoS2. 2上A ring-opening reaction occurs between the primary amine groups, causing ZrO2 to be covalently linked to the surface of MoS2. Subsequently, TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) are added. Under conditions of pH 4-4.3, TEOS and APTES undergo hydrolysis. Condensation reactions occur between the hydrolysis products and between the hydrolysis products and the hydroxyl groups remaining on the ZrO2 surface, crosslinking and fixing adjacent ZrO2 to form a framework structure coating the outside of MoS2, providing rigid support for MoS2 and preventing it from breaking under external forces such as stirring and impact. The hydrolysis products of APTES undergo a condensation reaction with the hydroxyl groups remaining on the ZrO2 surface, introducing primary amine groups into the ZrO2 surface. Under conditions of pH 7.5-8, nickel ions can coordinate with the primary amine groups, thereby introducing nickel ions into the composite microspheres. These nickel ions can be subsequently reduced to elemental nickel by sodium borohydride and act as catalytic active centers to trigger the autocatalytic reaction of electroless nickel plating, which is beneficial for introducing a nickel layer on the surface of the composite microspheres.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, after adding TEOS and APTES, mixing and reacting for 3.5-4 hours, aluminum isopropoxide is added and reacted for 1-1.5 hours.

[0015] Under pH conditions of 4-4.3, aluminum isopropoxide can hydrolyze to form aluminum hydroxide gel, which fills the gaps between ZrO2 and MoS2. After dehydration and drying, the aluminum hydroxide gel coats MoS2, further improving the mechanical strength of the composite microspheres.

[0016] Further, in step S3, sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to a 0.5-0.8 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 11-12, composite microspheres are added and reacted for 40-50 seconds. After washing with deionized water, the mixture is added to a nickel plating solution at 85-88℃ and reacted for 18-23 minutes. The pH is maintained at 4.8-5.2 using ammonia water. After washing with deionized water, the mixture is dried under reduced pressure to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. WC-Co powder is added to a 5-6 wt% sulfuric acid solution and reacted for 1.5 seconds. -2 min, wash with deionized water and then add to nickel plating solution at 85-88℃ for 15-20 min. Maintain pH value at 4.8-5.2 with ammonia water, wash with deionized water and dry under reduced pressure to obtain nickel plating WC-Co powder; nickel plating solution is prepared as follows: mix citric acid, lactic acid and deionized water, add nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite to dissolve, add ammonia water dropwise to adjust pH value to 4.8-5.2, add 1-1.5 wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and mix well to obtain nickel plating solution.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S3, helium and nitrogen are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:(1-1.3) as an accelerating gas and sprayed onto the substrate surface under a gas pressure of 2.7-3MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0018] The composite microspheres and WC-Co powder are nickel-plated to introduce a nickel layer on their surface, which gives the mixture good fluidity and is beneficial for spraying. The nickel layer and iron-based powder have good ductility and can undergo plastic deformation during spraying, which promotes the adhesion between the mixture and improves the cohesive strength of the wear-resistant layer. The nickel layer, iron-based powder and the matrix prepared by the iron-based base material have good metallurgical compatibility, which improves the bonding strength between the wear-resistant layer and the matrix.

[0019] A wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery is prepared by the aforementioned process for preparing wear-resistant steel blade plates for engineering machinery. It comprises a substrate and a wear-resistant layer. The substrate is made from an iron-based base material, which comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.2%-1.4%, Mn 13%-14%, Si≤0.5%, with the balance being Fe. The wear-resistant layer comprises 9-12 parts by mass of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 52-57 parts by mass of iron-based powder, and 8-10 parts by mass of nickel-plated WC-Co powder. The nickel-plated composite microspheres and WC-Co powder are nickel-plated using a nickel plating solution. The nickel plating solution comprises the following raw materials by mass: 65-70 parts of nickel sulfate, 40-45 parts of sodium hypophosphite, 31-36 parts of lactic acid, 20-25 parts of citric acid, 3000-3050 parts of deionized water, and 1-2 parts of 1-1.5wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution.

[0020] Furthermore, the composite microspheres comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-7 parts GPTMS, 90-95 parts ZrO2, 0.5-0.8 parts dopamine hydrochloride, 13-17 parts MoS2, 10-13 parts TEOS, 2-3 parts APTES, 0-1.5 parts aluminum isopropoxide, 1000-1050 parts of 5-6 wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, and 44-46 parts citric acid; the iron-based powder comprises the following components in the following mass ratio: 16%-18% Cr, 13-14% Ni, 2-3% Mo, C≤0.03%, Mn≤2%, Si≤0.5%, with the balance being Fe.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention uses a quenched iron-based base material as the substrate. Nickel-plated composite microspheres, iron-based powder, and nickel-plated WC-Co powder are mixed and coated onto the substrate to form a wear-resistant layer, resulting in a wear-resistant steel blade plate. The composite microspheres include MoS2 and ZrO2. First, primary amine groups are introduced onto the surface of MoS2, and epoxy groups are introduced onto the surface of ZrO2. Then, through the ring-opening reaction of the primary amines and epoxy groups, ZrO2 is covalently linked to MoS2. Through the cross-linking effect of TEOS and APTES hydrolysis products, adjacent ZrO2 particles are fixedly connected to form a high-modulus skeleton, providing mechanical protection for MoS2 and preventing premature breakage. When the wear-resistant layer is subjected to friction, MoS2 enters the friction surface under shear force, reducing the friction coefficient of the friction surface. It works synergistically with the high-hardness WC-Co powder to inhibit material indentation and cutting of the wear-resistant layer, thereby inhibiting the initiation and expansion of scratches and improving the service life of the wear-resistant steel blade plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Preparation Example 1 Add 5g of GPTMS (γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) to 500g of [unclear text - possibly a typo, should be 5g]. In a 95wt% ethanol solution, the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 10 min, and 10wt% acetic acid solution was added dropwise to adjust and maintain the pH at 5. The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 2 h to obtain GPTMS hydrolysate. 90 g of 500 nm ZrO2 (zirconia) particles were added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 10 min, stirred at 300 rpm for 2 h, filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain epoxidized ZrO2. 0.5 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added to 100 g of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 20 min. 13 g of 5 μm MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide) particles were added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 5 min. 15wt% ammonia solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.7, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain primary amination MoS2. Epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination MoS2 were added to 1000 g of... A composite suspension was obtained by stirring at 3000 rpm for 10 min in a 90 wt% ethanol solution.

[0023] Preparation Example 2 6 g of GPTMS was added to 500 g of 97 wt% ethanol solution, stirred at 300 rpm for 10 min, and 10 wt% acetic acid solution was added dropwise to adjust and maintain the pH at 4.5. The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 3 h to obtain GPTMS hydrolysate. 93 g of ZrO2 with a particle size of 500 nm was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 10 min, stirred at 300 rpm for 2.5 h, filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain epoxidized ZrO2. 0.7 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added to 100 g of deionized water... In water, the mixture was stirred at 500 rpm for 20 min, and 16 g of MoS2 with a particle size of 5 μm was added. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 5 min, and 15 wt% ammonia was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.3. The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 2.5 h, filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain primary amination MoS2. Epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination MoS2 were added to 1000 g of 92 wt% ethanol solution and stirred at 3000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a composite suspension.

[0024] Preparation Example 3 7 g of GPTMS was added to 500 g of 96 wt% ethanol solution and stirred at 300 rpm for 10 min. 10 wt% acetic acid solution was added dropwise to adjust and maintain the pH at 4. The mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 2.5 h to obtain GPTMS hydrolysate. 95 g of ZrO2 with a particle size of 500 nm was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 10 min, stirred at 300 rpm for 3 h, filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain epoxidized ZrO2. 0.8 g of dopamine hydrochloride was added to 100 g of deionized water and stirred at 500 rpm for 20 min. 17 g of MoS2 with a particle size of 5 μm was added, and the mixture was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 W for 5 min. 15 wt% ammonia solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.5, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and washed twice with anhydrous ethanol to obtain primary amination MoS2. Epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination MoS2 were added to 1000 g of... A composite suspension was obtained by stirring at 3000 rpm for 10 min in a 93 wt% ethanol solution.

[0025] Example 1 The iron-based base material is heated to 1100℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 13wt% PAG polymer (a copolymer of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in a 90℃ environment for drying for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0026] Add 44g of citric acid to 1000g of a 5wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, stir at 300rpm for 10min, add 10wt% ammonia dropwise to adjust the pH to 7.5, and obtain the impregnation solution; add 15wt% ammonia dropwise to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 9, heat to 60℃, stir at 400rpm for 2h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution dropwise to adjust and maintain the pH to 4, add 10g of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and 2g of... APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) was stirred at 500 rpm for 10 min, then at 300 rpm for 3.5 h. 1 g of aluminum isopropoxide was slowly added while stirring at 600 rpm, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, and impregnated at 600 rpm for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 95℃ and 20 kPa for 5 h, and then heat-treated at 150℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0027] Add 36g lactic acid and 22g citric acid to 3010g deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 65g nickel sulfate and 40g sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 4.8 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 1g of 1.5wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 800g... The pH of a 0.5 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution was adjusted to 11 by adding 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. 53 g of composite microspheres were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 50 s. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and then added to 2000 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 85℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 23 min, with 15 wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 4.8. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. 50 g of WC-Co powder (tungsten carbide-cobalt, preferably 10 wt% cobalt) with a particle size of 35 μm was added to 900 g of... In a 5wt% sulfuric acid solution, the mixture was stirred at 600 rpm for 1.5 min, filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and added to 1600 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 85℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 18 min, with 15wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 4.8. The mixture was then filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. 10 g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 55 g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35 μm, and 8 g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder were mixed and stirred at 1000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixture. Helium and nitrogen were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 as an accelerating gas. The mixture was sprayed onto the substrate surface using a cold spraying process at a gas pressure of 3 MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thus obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0028] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.3%, Mn 13%, Si 0.5%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 16%, Ni 13%, Mo 2%, C 0.03%, Mn 1.5%, Si 0.5%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared from Preparation Example 1.

[0029] Example 2 The iron-based base material is heated to 1100℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 13wt% PAG polymer (polymerization degree of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in a 90℃ environment for drying for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0030] Add 10wt% ammonia to 1000g of a 5wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, add 44g citric acid, stir at 300rpm for 10min, and adjust the pH to 7.5 to obtain the impregnation solution; add 15wt% ammonia to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 9, heat to 60℃, stir at 400rpm for 2h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution to adjust and maintain the pH to 4, add 12g TEOS and 2g APTES was stirred at 500 rpm for 10 min, then at 300 rpm for 3.5 h. 1.2 g of aluminum isopropoxide was slowly added while stirring at 600 rpm, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, and impregnated at 600 rpm for 2 h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 95 ℃ and 20 kPa for 5 h, and then heat-treated at 150 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0031] Add 31g lactic acid and 20g citric acid to 3050g deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 68g nickel sulfate and 40g sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 4.8 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 1.2g of 1.5wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 800g... Adjust the pH to 11 by adding 5wt% sodium hydroxide solution to a 0.5wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution. Add 53g of composite microspheres, stir at 1500rpm for 50s, filter, wash twice with deionized water, and add to 2000g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 88℃. Stir at 400rpm for 23min, adding 15wt% ammonia solution dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 4.8. Filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry at 45℃ and 15kPa for 6h to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. Add 50g of WC-Co powder with a particle size of 35μm (preferably with a cobalt content of 10wt%) to 900g of 5wt% sulfuric acid solution, stir at 600rpm for 1.5min, filter, and wash with deionized water. The powder was added three times to 1600g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 88℃, stirred at 400rpm for 18min, and 15wt% ammonia was added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH value at 4.8. After filtration, the powder was washed three times with deionized water and dried at 45℃ and 15kPa for 6h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. 9g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 52g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35μm and 8g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder were mixed and stirred at 1000rpm for 10min to obtain a mixture. Helium and nitrogen were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 as accelerating gas. The mixture was sprayed onto the substrate surface by cold spraying under a gas pressure of 3MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thus obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0032] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.3%, Mn 13%, Si 0.5%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 16%, Ni 13%, Mo 2%, C 0.03%, Mn 1.5%, Si 0.5%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared from Preparation Example 1.

[0033] Example 3 The iron-based base material is heated to 1125℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 15wt% PAG polymer (polymerization degree of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in a 95℃ environment for drying for 3 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0034] Add 10wt% ammonia to 1020g of a 5.5wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, then add 45g of citric acid, stir at 300rpm for 10min, and adjust the pH to 7.8 to obtain the impregnation solution. Add 15wt% ammonia to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 10, heat to 65℃, stir at 400rpm for 1.8h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution to adjust and maintain the pH at 4.3, and add 13g of... TEOS and 2.5g APTES were stirred at 500rpm for 10min and then at 300rpm for 3.8h. 1.5g aluminum isopropoxide was slowly added while stirring at 600rpm and the mixture was stirred at 300rpm for 1.5h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, and impregnated at 600rpm for 2.5h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 90℃ and 15kPa for 7h, and then heat-treated at 145℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0035] Add 32g of lactic acid and 25g of citric acid to 3020g of deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 70g of nickel sulfate and 42g of sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 5 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 2g of 1wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 830g... The pH of a 0.8 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution was adjusted to 12 by adding 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. 53 g of composite microspheres were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 40 s. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and then added to 2000 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 20 min, with 15 wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. 50 g of WC-Co powder with a particle size of 35 μm (preferably with a cobalt content of 10 wt%) was added to 900 g of... In a 6wt% sulfuric acid solution, the mixture was stirred at 600 rpm for 2 min, filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and added to 1600 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 20 min, with 15wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5. The mixture was then filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. 11 g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 57 g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35 μm, and 10 g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder were mixed and stirred at 1000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixture. Helium and nitrogen were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1.3 as an accelerating gas. The mixture was sprayed onto the substrate surface using a cold spraying process under a gas pressure of 2.7 MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, resulting in a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0036] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.2%, Mn 14%, Si 0.2%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 17%, Ni 13.5%, Mo 2.5%, C 0.02%, Mn 1%, Si 0.1%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared from Preparation Example 2.

[0037] Example 4 The iron-based base material is heated to 1125℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 15wt% PAG polymer (polymerization degree of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in a 95℃ environment for drying for 3 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0038] Add 10wt% ammonia to 1020g of a 5.5wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, then add 45g of citric acid, stir at 300rpm for 10min, and adjust the pH to 7.8 to obtain the impregnation solution. Add 15wt% ammonia to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 10, heat to 65℃, stir at 400rpm for 1.8h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution to adjust and maintain the pH at 4.3, and add 11g of... TEOS and 2.5g APTES were stirred at 500rpm for 10min, then at 300rpm for 3.8h. 1.4g aluminum isopropoxide was slowly added while stirring at 600rpm, and the mixture was stirred at 300rpm for 1.5h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, and impregnated at 600rpm for 2.5h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 90℃ and 15kPa for 7h, and then heat-treated at 145℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0039] Add 35g lactic acid and 24g citric acid to 3000g deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 68g nickel sulfate and 42g sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 5 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 2g of 1wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 830g... The pH of a 0.8 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution was adjusted to 12 by adding 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. 53 g of composite microspheres were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 40 seconds. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and then added to 2000 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 85°C. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 20 minutes, with 15 wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45°C and 15 kPa for 6 hours to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. 50 g of WC-Co powder with a particle size of 35 μm (preferably with a cobalt content of 10 wt%) was added to 900 g of... In a 6wt% sulfuric acid solution, the mixture was stirred at 600 rpm for 2 min, filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and added to 1600 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 85℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 20 min, with 15wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5. The mixture was then filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. 12 g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 53 g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35 μm, and 10 g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder were mixed and stirred at 1000 rpm for 10 min to obtain a mixture. Helium and nitrogen were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1.3 as an accelerating gas. The mixture was sprayed onto the substrate surface using a cold spraying process under a gas pressure of 2.7 MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, resulting in a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0040] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.2%, Mn 14%, Si 0.2%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 16%, Ni 13%, Mo 2%, C 0.03%, Mn 1.5%, Si 0.5%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared from Preparation Example 2.

[0041] Example 5 The iron-based base material is heated to 1150℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 10wt% PAG polymer (polymerization degree of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in an environment of 100℃ for drying for 2.5h and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0042] Add 10wt% ammonia to 1050g of a 6wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, add 46g of citric acid, stir at 300rpm for 10min, and adjust the pH to 8 to obtain the impregnation solution; add 15wt% ammonia to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 9.5, heat to 62℃, stir at 400rpm for 1.5h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution to adjust and maintain the pH to 4.2, add 12g of TEOS and 3g of [unclear text - possibly a continuation of the previous sentence] APTES was stirred at 500 rpm for 10 min, then at 300 rpm for 4 h. 1.3 g of aluminum isopropoxide was slowly added while stirring at 600 rpm, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 1.2 h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, and impregnated at 600 rpm for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 92℃ and 18 kPa for 6 h, and then heat-treated at 140℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0043] Add 36g lactic acid and 23g citric acid to 3020g deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 69g nickel sulfate and 45g sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 5.2 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 1.5g of 1.2wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 850g... The pH of a 0.6 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution was adjusted to 12 by adding 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. 53 g of composite microspheres were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 45 s. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and then added to 2000 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 18 min, with 15 wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5.2. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. 50 g of WC-Co powder with a particle size of 35 μm (preferably with a cobalt content of 10 wt%) was added to 900 g of 6 wt% sulfuric acid solution, stirred at 600 rpm for 2 min, filtered, and washed three times with deionized water. Add the powder to 1600g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃, stir at 400rpm for 15min, and add 15wt% ammonia dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH value at 5.2. Filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry in an environment of 45℃ and 15kPa for 6h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. Mix 10g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 54g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35μm and 9g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder, stir at 1000rpm for 10min to obtain a mixture. Mix helium and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1:1.1 as an accelerating gas, and spray the mixture onto the substrate surface through a cold spraying process under a gas pressure of 2.8MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thus obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0044] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.4%, Mn 13.5%, Si 0.3%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 18%, Ni 14%, Mo 3%, C 0.01%, Mn 2%, Si 0.3%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared by Preparation Example 3.

[0045] Example 6 The iron-based base material is heated to 1150℃ and then fed into a die forging machine for forging. It is then immersed in a 10wt% PAG polymer (polymerization degree of 165) aqueous solution for quenching treatment. After being taken out, it is placed in an environment of 100℃ for drying for 2.5h and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the matrix.

[0046] Add 10wt% ammonia to 1050g of a 6wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, add 46g of citric acid, stir at 300rpm for 10min, and adjust the pH to 8 to obtain the impregnation solution; add 15wt% ammonia to the composite suspension to adjust the pH to 9.5, heat to 62℃, stir at 400rpm for 1.5h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, add to 1000g of a 90wt% ethanol solution, stir at 3000rpm for 10min, add 10wt% acetic acid solution to adjust and maintain the pH to 4.2, add 12g of TEOS and 3g of [unclear text - possibly a continuation of the previous sentence] APTES was stirred at 500 rpm for 10 min, then at 300 rpm for 4 h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, added to the impregnation solution, stirred at 600 rpm for 3 h, filtered, washed twice with deionized water, dried at 92℃ and 18 kPa for 6 h, and then heat-treated at 140℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature to obtain composite microspheres.

[0047] Add 36g lactic acid and 23g citric acid to 3020g deionized water, stir at 500rpm for 10min, then slowly add 69g nickel sulfate and 45g sodium hypophosphite while stirring at 500rpm for 10min. Adjust the pH to 5.2 by adding 15wt% ammonia dropwise, then add 1.5g of 1.2wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution and stir at 300rpm for 5min to obtain the nickel plating solution; add 850g... The pH of a 0.6 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution was adjusted to 12 by adding 5 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. 53 g of composite microspheres were added, and the mixture was stirred at 1500 rpm for 45 s. The mixture was filtered, washed twice with deionized water, and then added to 2000 g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃. The mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 18 min, with 15 wt% ammonia added dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH at 5.2. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 45℃ and 15 kPa for 6 h to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. 50 g of WC-Co powder with a particle size of 35 μm (preferably with a cobalt content of 10 wt%) was added to 900 g of 6 wt% sulfuric acid solution, stirred at 600 rpm for 2 min, filtered, and washed three times with deionized water. Add the powder to 1600g of nickel plating solution at a constant temperature of 87℃, stir at 400rpm for 15min, and add 15wt% ammonia dropwise during stirring to maintain the pH value at 5.2. Filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry in an environment of 45℃ and 15kPa for 6h to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. Mix 10g of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 54g of iron-based powder with a particle size of 35μm and 9g of nickel-plated WC-Co powder, stir at 1000rpm for 10min to obtain a mixture. Mix helium and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1:1.1 as an accelerating gas, and spray the mixture onto the substrate surface through a cold spraying process under a gas pressure of 2.8MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thus obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

[0048] The iron-based parent material used in this embodiment comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.4%, Mn 13.5%, Si 0.3%, with the balance being Fe; the iron-based powder used comprises the following components by mass ratio: Cr 18%, Ni 14%, Mo 3%, C 0.01%, Mn 2%, Si 0.3%, with the balance being Fe; the composite suspension used in this embodiment was prepared in Preparation Example 3.

[0049] The present invention also includes comparative examples and related experiments.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that MoS2 was not added during the preparation of the composite microspheres. The remaining operation steps and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 5, resulting in wear-resistant steel blade plates.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the ZrO2 was not epoxidized using GPTMS hydrolysate. The remaining operation steps and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 5, resulting in wear-resistant steel blade plates.

[0052] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that TEOS was not added during the preparation of the composite microspheres. The remaining operation steps and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 5, resulting in wear-resistant steel blade plates.

[0053] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that APTES was not added during the preparation of the composite microspheres. The remaining operation steps and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 5, resulting in wear-resistant steel blade plates.

[0054] Abrasion test The wear-resistant steel blade plates prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were placed in an environment with a temperature of 35°C and an air humidity of 40% and left to stand for 10 hours. After being taken out, they were fixed on a friction and wear testing machine. Alumina balls with a diameter of 9.38 mm were used as friction balls. The friction radius was set to 4 mm, the load to 25 N, and the sliding length to 5 cm. The plates were reciprocated 120 times per minute. The friction coefficient of the friction surface was recorded at the 1st, 50th, 150th, and 280th hours of continuous sliding. The maximum depth and maximum width of the wear marks were detected using a three-dimensional optical profilometer, as shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1

[0056] As shown in Table 1, the wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared in Example 5 exhibits better wear resistance than that in Example 6. This indicates that the addition of aluminum isopropoxide is beneficial for improving the mechanical strength of the composite microspheres, inhibiting the breakage and failure of MoS2 during the preparation and use of the wear-resistant layer, and enabling MoS2 to provide timely lubrication for the friction surface, inhibiting the generation and expansion of scratches, and extending the service life of the wear-resistant steel blade plate. The wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared in Example 5 also exhibits better wear resistance than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the addition of MoS2 can reduce the friction coefficient of the friction surface and inhibit the generation and expansion of scratches. Furthermore, the wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared in Example 5 exhibits better wear resistance than that in Comparative Example 2, indicating that the introduction of epoxy groups on the ZrO2 surface allows ZrO2 to adhere to the MoS2 surface and form a high-modulus skeleton to protect MoS2, thus inhibiting the wear of MoS2 in the wear-resistant layer. The wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared in Example 5 exhibits better wear resistance than that in Comparative Example 3, indicating that the cross-linking effect of TEOS enables ZrO2 to form a high-modulus skeleton to protect MoS2 and inhibit the breakage and failure of MoS2 during the preparation of the wear-resistant layer. The wear-resistant steel blade plate prepared in Example 5 exhibits better wear resistance than that in Comparative Example 4, indicating that the addition of APTES can introduce nickel ions onto the composite microspheres. Nickel ions can be reduced to elemental nickel under the action of sodium borohydride, introducing active sites and promoting the deposition of electroless nickel plating, thereby introducing a nickel layer on the surface of the composite microspheres. The composite microspheres can be fixed in the wear-resistant layer through the deformation of the nickel layer and slowly release the internal MoS2 under shear action, reducing the friction coefficient of the friction surface and improving the service life of the wear-resistant steel blade plate.

Claims

1. A manufacturing process for wear-resistant steel blade plates for engineering machinery, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Heat and forge the iron-based base material, quench it, and then dry it to obtain the matrix. S2. Epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination-treated MoS2 were dispersed in an ethanol solution. After adjusting the pH, the mixture was heated to react. After washing, the mixture was dispersed in an ethanol solution. After adjusting the pH, TEOS and APTES were added and mixed to react. After washing, the mixture was impregnated in an impregnation solution to react. After drying and heat treatment, composite microspheres were obtained. The impregnation solution was prepared by mixing nickel chloride solution with citric acid and adjusting the pH. S3. The composite microspheres and WC-Co powder are nickel-plated and dried to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres and nickel-plated WC-Co powder. After being mixed with iron-based powder, they are coated on the substrate surface to form a wear-resistant layer, thus obtaining wear-resistant steel blade plate.

2. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the iron-based base material is heated to 1100-1150℃ and then forged. It is then immersed in a 10-15wt% PAG polymer aqueous solution for quenching treatment, dried in an environment of 90-100℃ for 2-3 hours, and cooled to obtain the matrix.

3. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ZrO2 was epoxidized as follows: ZrO2 was dispersed in GPTMS hydrolysate and reacted for 2-3 hours, then filtered and washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol. The GPTMS hydrolysate was prepared as follows: GPTMS was mixed with 95-97 wt% ethanol solution, acetic acid solution was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4-5, and the reaction was carried out for 2-3 hours to obtain the GPTMS hydrolysate.

4. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The primary amination of MoS2 was performed as follows: dopamine hydrochloride was dissolved in deionized water, MoS2 was added and dispersed, ammonia was added dropwise to adjust the pH to 8.3-8.7, the reaction was carried out for 2-3 hours, and the mixture was washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.

5. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, epoxidized ZrO2 and primary amination-treated MoS2 are dispersed in a 90-93 wt% ethanol solution. Ammonia is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 9-10, and the mixture is heated to 60-65℃ for 1.5-2 hours. Acetic acid solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH to 4-4.

3. TEOS and APTES are added and mixed, and the mixture is reacted for 3.5-4 hours. After washing with deionized water, the mixture is added to the impregnation solution and impregnated for 2-3 hours. After filtration and washing with deionized water, the mixture is dried at 90-95℃ and 15-20 kPa for 5-7 hours. The mixture is then placed in a nitrogen atmosphere and heat-treated at 140-150℃ for 2-3 hours. After cooling, composite microspheres are obtained. The impregnation solution is prepared by mixing a 5-6 wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution with citric acid, and then adding ammonia dropwise to adjust the pH to 7.5-8.

6. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, after adding TEOS and APTES, mixing and reacting for 3.5-4 hours, aluminum isopropoxide is added and reacted for 1-1.5 hours.

7. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, sodium hydroxide solution is added dropwise to a 0.5-0.8 wt% sodium borohydride aqueous solution to adjust the pH to 11-12. Composite microspheres are added and reacted for 40-50 seconds. After washing with deionized water, the mixture is added to a nickel plating solution at 85-88℃ and reacted for 18-23 minutes. The pH is maintained at 4.8-5.2 using ammonia. After washing with deionized water, the mixture is dried under reduced pressure to obtain nickel-plated composite microspheres. WC-Co powder is added to a 5-6 wt% sulfuric acid solution and reacted for 1.5-2 seconds. After washing with deionized water, the powder is added to a nickel plating solution at 85-88℃ and reacted for 15-20 minutes. The pH value is maintained at 4.8-5.2 with ammonia water. After washing with deionized water, the powder is dried under reduced pressure to obtain nickel-plated WC-Co powder. The nickel plating solution is prepared as follows: citric acid, lactic acid and deionized water are mixed, nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite are added to dissolve, ammonia water is added dropwise to adjust the pH value to 4.8-5.2, and 1-1.5wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution is added and mixed to obtain the nickel plating solution.

8. The preparation process of a wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, helium and nitrogen are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:(1-1.3) as an accelerating gas and sprayed onto the substrate surface under a gas pressure of 2.7-3MPa to form a wear-resistant layer on the substrate, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant steel blade plate.

9. A wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery, characterized in that, The wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery is prepared by the manufacturing process described in any one of claims 1-8, comprising a substrate and a wear-resistant layer. The substrate is prepared from an iron-based base material, which comprises the following components by mass ratio: C 1.2%-1.4%, Mn 13%-14%, Si≤0.5%, with the balance being Fe. The wear-resistant layer comprises 9-12 parts by mass of nickel-plated composite microspheres, 52-57 parts by mass of iron-based powder, and 8-10 parts by mass of nickel-plated WC-Co powder. The nickel-plated composite microspheres and nickel-plated WC-Co powder are nickel-plated using a nickel plating solution, which comprises the following raw materials by mass: 65-70 parts of nickel sulfate, 40-45 parts of sodium hypophosphite, 31-36 parts of lactic acid, 20-25 parts of citric acid, 3000-3050 parts of deionized water, and 1-2 parts of 1-1.5wt% sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution.

10. A wear-resistant steel blade plate for engineering machinery according to claim 9, characterized in that, The composite microspheres comprise the following raw materials by weight: 5-7 parts GPTMS, 90-95 parts ZrO2, 0.5-0.8 parts dopamine hydrochloride, 13-17 parts MoS2, 10-13 parts TEOS, 2-3 parts APTES, 0-1.5 parts aluminum isopropoxide, 1000-1050 parts of 5-6 wt% nickel chloride aqueous solution, and 44-46 parts citric acid; the iron-based powder comprises the following components by weight: 16%-18% Cr, 13-14% Ni, 2-3% Mo, C≤0.03%, Mn≤2%, Si≤0.5%, with the balance being Fe.

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