Three-dimensional multi-physical field coupling wind tunnel measurement and control system and method

Abstract

This application relates to a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system and method, belonging to the technical field of wind tunnel testing. It includes a host computer, multiple slave computers, and multiple wind turbine subsystems. The wind turbine subsystems include wind turbines installed inside the test chamber, including horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans, and rotating flow fans. The horizontal flow fans are installed on the side walls of the test chamber, the vertical flow fans are installed on the top of the test chamber, and the rotating flow fans are installed on the base of the test chamber. The host computer is connected to the slave computers. The host computer is used to acquire wind turbine control parameters input by the user, generate wind turbine control commands based on the wind turbine control parameters, and send the wind turbine control commands to the slave computers. The slave computers are connected to the wind turbine subsystems and are used to control the rotational speed and on / off status of the horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans, and rotating flow fans in the wind turbine subsystem based on the wind turbine control commands. This application has the effect of comprehensively and accurately simulating complex three-dimensional wind fields, thereby improving the accuracy of test results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of wind tunnel testing, and in particular to a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In industries such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, wind power generation, and building environmental engineering, wind tunnel testing is a key research and testing method that can accurately simulate wind fields and provide data support for product performance evaluation, optimization design, and new technology research and development.

[0003] Traditional wind tunnel control systems can mostly only simulate simple two-dimensional or limited-dimensional wind fields. However, in real natural environments and complex engineering applications, wind fields exhibit typical three-dimensional characteristics, and the flow states are extremely complex. Taking the aerospace field as an example, aircraft encounter airflows of varying intensities from all directions during flight, including crosswinds, updrafts, downdrafts, and complex eddies. Due to limitations in their structure and control algorithms, traditional wind tunnel control systems struggle to accurately sense and control airflow parameters from all directions, making it impossible to comprehensively and accurately simulate these complex three-dimensional wind fields. This results in the inability to fully reproduce real wind field conditions during experiments, thus affecting the accuracy of experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the accuracy of experimental results, this application provides a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system and method.

[0005] In the first aspect, this application discloses a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system includes a host computer, multiple slave computers, and multiple wind turbine subsystems;

[0007] The fan subsystem includes fans installed in the test chamber, and the fans include horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans and rotary flow fans;

[0008] The horizontal flow fan is installed on the side wall of the test chamber, the vertical flow fan is installed on the top of the test chamber, and the rotary flow fan is installed on the upper surface of the test chamber base.

[0009] The host computer is connected to the slave computer. The host computer is used to obtain the fan control parameters input by the user, generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters, and send the fan control commands to the slave computer.

[0010] The lower-level machine is connected to the fan subsystem. The lower-level machine is used to control the speed and on / off status of the horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan and rotary flow fan in the fan subsystem based on the fan control command, so as to generate uniform laminar flow, turbulent flow, wind shear, time-varying wind, gusts, tornadoes and downbursts.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution and setting horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans, and rotating flow fans at different locations in the test chamber, the wind field can be controlled from multiple dimensions. It can simulate horizontal airflow, vertical airflow, and rotating airflow. Through the coordinated operation of multiple fans, it can accurately simulate typical three-dimensional complex wind fields in actual natural environments and engineering applications. Compared with traditional wind tunnel measurement and control systems, it breaks through the limitations of two-dimensional or limited-dimensional wind field simulation, more comprehensively restores real wind field conditions, simulates various complex airflows during flight of flight test equipment, provides a more realistic environment for the performance testing of flight test equipment, and improves the accuracy of test results.

[0012] Optionally, each of the wind turbine subsystems includes a circuit breaker, a fuse, a contactor, a frequency converter, an output reactor, a first thermal relay, and a motor connected in sequence.

[0013] The motor in each of the aforementioned wind turbine subsystems is connected to the corresponding wind turbine, and the circuit breaker in each of the aforementioned wind turbine subsystems is connected to the power supply.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, the circuit breaker, as a key node for power supply, can quickly disconnect overloaded or short-circuited circuits to prevent the spread of faults; the fuse melts instantly when a serious circuit abnormality occurs, providing rapid protection; the contactor not only enables remote control but also has overload protection functions; and the first thermal relay focuses on monitoring motor current to prevent motor damage due to prolonged overload. Through the circuit breaker, fuse, contactor, frequency converter, output reactor, first thermal relay, and motor, a comprehensive safety guarantee is provided for the wind turbine subsystem.

[0015] Optionally, the fully isolated digital output channel is connected to a solid-state relay, the solid-state relay is connected to a contactor coil, and the contactor coil is also connected to a second thermal relay. The lower-level machine controls the contactor through the solid-state relay to realize the power on and off of the frequency converter.

[0016] The analog output channel is connected to the frequency converter to control the output frequency of the frequency converter and adjust the speed of the fan.

[0017] The fully isolated digital input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive fault signals from the frequency converter;

[0018] The differential analog input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive the actual output frequency signal of the frequency converter.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the analog output channel converts the digital signal output by the lower-level machine into an analog signal, which is used to control the output frequency of the frequency converter. By precisely adjusting the output frequency of the frequency converter, the fan speed can be adjusted. When the frequency converter experiences faults such as overcurrent, overvoltage, or overheating, it will immediately send the fault signal to the lower-level machine through the digital input channel, allowing the staff to understand the operating status of the frequency converter in a timely manner. The differential analog input channel can accurately receive the actual output frequency signal of the frequency converter and feed it back to the lower-level machine, making it convenient for the staff to observe the error, adjust the error in a timely manner, and ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0020] Optionally, the system further includes a video surveillance system, which includes multiple infrared bullet cameras. Each infrared bullet camera is connected to a hard disk recorder, which is connected to a monitor. Each infrared bullet camera is also connected to a power supply, and the infrared bullet cameras are installed inside the test chamber.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple infrared gun-type cameras are installed in several key positions in the test cabin. Staff can intuitively see the status of the flight test equipment in the wind tunnel, the airflow, and possible abnormal phenomena through the monitor, and keep abreast of the progress of the experiment.

[0022] Optionally, the host computer is also used for:

[0023] In response to a user login trigger, retrieve the user login page;

[0024] Obtain the username and password entered by the user on the user login page;

[0025] The account and password are verified. If the account and password are verified, the test task editing page is displayed to the user. The test task editing page includes multiple operation objects. Each user has an access priority and a security zone. Access is only allowed when the user's priority is greater than the priority of the operation object and the user's security zone is within the security zone of the operation object.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, the host computer responds to the login operation, verifies the user's entered account and password, and only users whose account and password match can enter the test task editing page. This effectively prevents unauthorized personnel from accessing the test task editing page at will. In addition, each user has an access priority and security zone. Access is only allowed when the user's priority is greater than the priority of the object being operated on and the user's security zone is within the security zone of the object being operated on. This effectively prevents users from exceeding their authority and avoids system failures or security incidents caused by misoperation or malicious operation.

[0027] Optionally, the operation objects include a uniform laminar flow module, a turbulent flow module, a wind shear module, a time-varying wind module, a gust module, a tornado module, and a downburst module.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple operating objects are integrated into a wind tunnel measurement and control system, forming a one-stop experimental platform. Staff do not need to frequently switch between different wind tunnels or experimental equipment. They only need to select the corresponding operating object according to the experimental requirements within the same system. This not only saves experimental time and costs but also reduces errors and uncertainties caused by equipment switching.

[0029] Optionally, the host computer is also used for:

[0030] In response to the user's selection of the operation object, the fan control parameters corresponding to the selected operation object are obtained. The fan control parameters include the fan number, the fan activation status, and the fan speed.

[0031] Generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters;

[0032] The fan control command is sent to the lower-level machine, which controls the solid-state relay of the fully isolated digital output channel to power on the corresponding numbered fan. The output frequency of the inverter is controlled through the analog output channel to adjust the speed of the corresponding numbered fan.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the host computer responds to the user's selected operation, obtains the fan control parameters and generates fan control commands, ensuring that the control of each fan is based on accurate parameter settings, thereby improving the simulation accuracy of the wind field in the wind tunnel; and the output frequency of the frequency converter is controlled through the analog output channel to achieve precise adjustment of the fan speed.

[0034] Optionally, the operation object further includes a wind speed adjustment module, the wind speed adjustment submodule being used for:

[0035] If the wind speed difference between the wind speed value in the test chamber and the preset wind speed value is greater than the preset wind speed value, the wind speed adjustment value input by the user on the host computer is obtained. Based on the wind speed adjustment value, the output frequency of the frequency converter is controlled through the analog output channel of the lower computer to adjust the fan speed.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, when the wind speed difference between the wind speed value in the test chamber and the preset wind speed value is greater than the preset wind speed value, the wind speed adjustment submodule can quickly obtain the wind speed adjustment value input by the user on the host computer and correct the wind speed deviation in a timely manner, so as to avoid adverse effects on the experimental results due to unstable wind speed or deviation from the preset value.

[0037] Secondly, this application also discloses a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control method, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0038] A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control method, applied to the three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system described in the first aspect, includes:

[0039] Obtain the fan control parameters, which include the fan number and the speed corresponding to the fan number;

[0040] Generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters;

[0041] The fan control command is sent to the lower-level machine so that the lower-level machine controls the opening, closing and rotation speed of the horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan and rotary flow fan with the corresponding fan number in the fan subsystem, thereby generating a preset wind field type.

[0042] Optionally, before sending the fan control command to the lower-level machine, the method further includes:

[0043] The legality of the fan control command is verified, including whether the fan number is within the valid range and whether the speed exceeds the rated speed range of the fan.

[0044] If the verification fails, feedback information is generated to prompt the user to re-enter the parameters; the feedback information includes the incorrect fan number and the rated speed range of the fan. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram illustrating a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system in the embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 This is an electrical schematic diagram illustrating the connection of the lower-level machine in the embodiments of this application.

[0047] Figure 3 This is an electrical schematic diagram illustrating the fan subsystem in the embodiments of this application.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram illustrating the video surveillance system in the embodiments of this application.

[0049] Figure 5 This is an electrical schematic diagram of the control panel in the embodiments of this application.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the test task editing page in an embodiment of this application.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the distribution of horizontal flow fans in a wind tunnel in the embodiments of this application.

[0052] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation and operation page of the uniform laminar flow mode in the embodiments of this application.

[0053] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation and operation page of the horizontal wind shear mode in the embodiments of this application.

[0054] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the vertical wind shear mode operation and operation page in the embodiments of this application.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the tornado operation and operation page in an embodiment of this application.

[0056] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the historical data query page in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] Figure 13 This is the operation page for sensor calibration in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0061] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0062] The embodiments of this application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system includes a host computer, multiple slave computers, and multiple wind turbine subsystems. The host computer and slave computers are connected, and the slave computers are connected to the multiple wind turbine subsystems. Figure 1 The example shown is a lower-level machine connecting two fan subsystems.

[0064] In this embodiment, the host computer is an industrial control computer manufactured by Advantech, which runs a monitoring configuration software developed by Beijing Asia Control Technology Development Co., Ltd. for the mid-to-high-end market. It features integrated management, modular development, visual operation, intelligent diagnosis and control, and is easy and convenient to use, as well as safe and reliable operation. It has been widely used in many industries such as automotive, machining, lithium battery materials, PCB, clothing, papermaking, tobacco, heating network, tap water, sewage, gas, port, coal mine, oil and gas, and large equipment. The functions of the host computer's monitoring configuration software include, but are not limited to, identity management, test task editing, test data monitoring and recording, test data analysis and processing, test data report generation, test historical data query, test equipment fault alarm, test site video monitoring, and sensor calibration.

[0065] It is worth noting that the host computer can expand its interfaces to enable extended applications.

[0066] In this embodiment, the lower-level machine adopts the ADAM-5000 / TCP data acquisition and control system based on Ethernet manufactured by Advantech. It not only has high-speed I / O capabilities but also intelligent diagnostic capabilities. It transmits data with the upper-level machine through the TCP / IP standard communication protocol, with a data transmission rate of up to 100Mbps. The high-speed transmission isolation barrier provides 1500V DC overvoltage protection for the Ethernet port of ADAM-5000 / TCP to prevent surge voltage from damaging the system. Without a repeater, the transmission distance of ADAM-5000 / TCP can reach 100 meters.

[0067] The lower-level machine includes a fully isolated digital output channel, an analog output channel, a fully isolated digital input channel, and a differential analog input channel. The fully isolated digital output channel is connected to a solid-state relay, which is connected to a contactor coil. The contactor coil is also connected to a second thermal relay. The lower-level machine controls the contactor via the solid-state relay to power on and off the frequency converter. The analog output channel is connected to the frequency converter to control its output frequency, thereby adjusting the fan speed. The fully isolated digital input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive fault signals from the frequency converter. The differential analog input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive its actual output frequency signal.

[0068] It is worth noting that the lower-level machine can expand its interfaces to enable extended applications.

[0069] Table 1 shows the hardware configuration of the lower-level machine.

[0070] Table 1

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 1, each lower-level machine can control the power on / off and speed of 16 fan subsystems.

[0073] In this embodiment, the lower-level computer, solid-state relay, and second thermal relay are installed in the data acquisition cabinet. The data acquisition cabinet is also equipped with a 24VDC power supply and an isolation transformer. Table 2 shows the model of the components in the data acquisition cabinet.

[0074] Table 2. Model List of Electrical Components for Data Acquisition Cabinets

[0075] Table 2

[0076]

[0077] Figure 2 The electrical schematic diagram of the data acquisition cabinet is shown below. The lower-level machine is illustrated using three digital output channels as an example. The input terminal of the isolation transformer is connected to the three-phase power supply, the output terminal of the isolation transformer is connected to the 24VDC power supply, the 24VDC power supply is connected to the lower-level machine, the digital output channels are connected to the solid-state relay, the solid-state relay is connected to the contact coil, and the other end of the contactor coil is connected to the second thermal relay. The other end of the second thermal relay is connected to the output terminal of the isolation transformer. When power is needed to supply power to the transformer, the contactor coil can be powered through the 24VDC power supply.

[0078] The main function of an isolation transformer is to completely insulate the primary and secondary sides electrically, thus isolating the circuit. Additionally, it utilizes the high high-frequency loss of its core to suppress high-frequency noise from entering the control circuit. Using an isolation transformer to levitate the secondary side to ground is only suitable for applications with a small power supply range and short lines. In such cases, the ground capacitance current is too small to cause harm. Another crucial function is protecting personal safety by isolating dangerous voltages.

[0079] like Figure 3 As shown, the fan subsystem includes a circuit breaker, fuse, contactor, frequency converter, output reactor, thermal relay, motor, and fan connected in sequence. The circuit breaker of each fan subsystem is connected to the power supply. The fans include horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans, and rotary flow fans. Each fan subsystem includes only one of the horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans, and rotary flow fans. The output reactor is used to passivate the steepness of the frequency converter output voltage (switching frequency) and reduce the disturbance and impact on the power components in the inverter.

[0080] The horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan, and rotating flow fan are installed in the test chamber. The horizontal flow fan is installed on the side wall of the test chamber, the vertical flow fan is installed on the top of the test chamber, and the rotating flow fan is installed on the upper surface of the base of the test chamber. The test chamber is a space for simulating the wind field, namely a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel. The flight test equipment conducts flight simulation tests in the test chamber.

[0081] In this embodiment, the fan subsystems corresponding to the horizontal flow fan and the rotary flow fan adopt 19kW motors. The electrical components of every 16 fan subsystems are installed in one frequency converter cabinet. The design of the frequency converter cabinet meets the standards of EC60439 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies" and GB7251.1-1997 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: Type testing and partial type testing assemblies".

[0082] In this embodiment, four vertical flow fans are provided, and the fan subsystem corresponding to the vertical flow fans uses a 110kW motor.

[0083] It is worth noting that the fan subsystem is divided into a horizontal flow fan subsystem, a vertical flow fan subsystem, and a rotary flow fan subsystem. All electrical components in the horizontal flow fan subsystem, vertical flow fan subsystem, and rotary flow fan subsystem are the same, except for the motor power. The main power input of the frequency converter cabinet is a three-phase five-wire line with a rated voltage of AC380V, a rated frequency of 50Hz, and a maximum load current of 1200A. The frequency converter cabinet is equipped with a multi-function meter, which can display three-phase voltage, current, and other parameter information in real time.

[0084] Table 3 shows the model numbers of the various electrical components in the frequency converter cabinet.

[0085] Table 3

[0086]

[0087] In this embodiment, a video surveillance system is also included. Figure 4 As shown, the video surveillance system includes multiple infrared bullet cameras. One end of each infrared bullet camera is connected to a hard disk recorder, and the other end is connected to a power source. The hard disk recorder is connected to a monitor. The infrared bullet cameras are installed in key locations within the test chamber. Staff can gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation occurring within the test chamber through the monitor, and the hard disk recorder can record in real time for verification. The hard disk recorder can also be used for switching operations to track and monitor the situation.

[0088] In this embodiment, an operating console is provided to control the fan subsystem. A host computer and video monitoring system are located on the console. The console also includes an Ethernet industrial switch, printer, emergency stop button, and indicator lights. All tested parameters or control parameters of the fan subsystem are set and displayed via a computer LCD screen. The main material of the console is steel, with a main frame thickness of no less than 2.0mm. The tabletop is made of environmentally friendly, wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and fire-resistant wood. The console surface is used for writing and keyboard operation, while the upper space can accommodate an LCD monitor or folders or other items, maximizing space utilization. Internal wiring of the console separates high-voltage and low-voltage cables, and an additional upper cable management rack provides scientific and safe cable management within the console.

[0089] Figure 5 The electrical schematic diagram of the control panel, such as Figure 5 As shown, the industrial control computer, Ethernet industrial switch, video surveillance system, printer, 24V DC power supply and 24VAC socket are connected in sequence. The industrial control computer, Ethernet industrial switch, video surveillance system, printer, 24V DC power supply and 24VAC socket are connected to the three-phase power supply through an isolation transformer. The industrial control computer is the host computer.

[0090] Table 4 shows the model numbers of the various components on the control panel.

[0091] Table 4

[0092]

[0093] It is worth noting that the output voltage waveform of a frequency converter contains a large number of harmonics. While the voltage waveform resembles a sine wave, it is not a true sine wave. Therefore, the output voltage waveform contains numerous harmonic components. These harmonics can cause the motor to overheat, vibrate, and generate noise. The permissible vibration and overheating of a motor are limited; prolonged or excessive overheating and vibration will affect the motor's normal operation and lifespan. Simultaneously, the numerous harmonics in the frequency converter's output voltage waveform can generate radio interference, causing malfunctions in other electronic equipment. Furthermore, a parasitic capacitance to ground is generated between the motor's connecting cable and ground during operation. If this parasitic capacitance is too large, it will... Harmonic interference can cause excessively large peak currents in the fast-switching transistors within the inverter during switching, potentially damaging the inverter's power inverter module. Furthermore, the combination of the fast-switching transistors and the motor connection cable can generate high voltages, with peak voltages potentially reaching approximately twice the normal value. Such high peak voltages can lead to continuous aging of the motor winding insulation, resulting in motor failure. The longer the distance between the inverter and the motor, and the longer the connection cable, the more severe these adverse effects become. Therefore, when installing an inverter, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the distances between the central control room, the inverter, and the motor to minimize the impact of harmonics and improve control stability.

[0094] The electrical control cabinet and the control panel are located in two separate rooms. The walls between the electrical control cabinet room and the central control room are shielded. Air conditioning is installed in the electrical control cabinet room to ensure the safe and reliable operation of equipment such as frequency converters. Air conditioning is also installed in the central control room to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the equipment and to create a comfortable working environment for the staff.

[0095] In this embodiment, the host computer is used to: respond to the user's login trigger operation on the host computer, obtain the user login page; obtain the account and password entered by the user on the user login page; verify the account and password, and if the account and password verification is successful, display the test task editing page to the user. The test task editing page includes multiple operation objects, wherein each user has a corresponding access priority and security zone. Access is only allowed when the user's priority is greater than the priority of the operation object and the user's security zone is within the security zone of the operation object.

[0096] In this embodiment, to ensure the safe operation of the flight test equipment, access permissions are set for the operation objects on the monitoring configuration software page. At the same time, access priorities and security zones are assigned to the operators. Access is only allowed when the user's priority is greater than the object's priority and the operator's security zone is within the object's security zone. Otherwise, access to the operation objects on the interface is not allowed. Each operator has only one priority level, but multiple security zone permissions are set. In this embodiment, different access permissions are set for different users in the monitoring configuration software. Users must log in to the monitoring configuration software according to the assigned identity information. Only when the user's account and password are verified will they enter the test task editing page.

[0097] Figure 6 The test task editing page includes modules for uniform laminar flow, turbulent flow, wind shear, time-varying wind, gusts, tornadoes, downbursts, sensor calibration, and historical data query.

[0098] In this embodiment, the user triggers a selection operation on the target object via input devices such as a mouse and keyboard on the host computer. The host computer responds to the user's selection by acquiring the fan control parameters corresponding to the selected target object. These parameters include the fan number, the fan's activation status, and the fan's rotational speed. Based on these parameters, the host computer generates a fan control command. The host computer then sends the fan control command to the slave computer, which controls the solid-state relays in the fully isolated digital output channel to power on the corresponding numbered fan. The analog output channel controls the inverter's output frequency, thereby adjusting the rotational speed of the corresponding numbered fan.

[0099] It should be noted that the fan number entered by the user can be one or multiple, meaning that a single fan can be controlled, or multiple fans can be controlled in combination.

[0100] The following sections will describe the uniform laminar flow module, turbulent flow module, wind shear module, time-varying wind module, gust module, tornado module, and downburst module respectively.

[0101] (a) Uniform laminar flow module

[0102] Uniform laminar flow allows drones to hover and fly stationary in the test area by setting the wind speed of the horizontal flow fan. In a uniform laminar flow scenario, the relative wind speed between the airflow and the drone is equivalent to the wind required for the drone to take off.

[0103] In this embodiment, the horizontal flow fan of the three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel is a two-dimensional fan array consisting of 180 axial flow fans arranged in 12 rows × 15 columns, as shown in Figure 8. Each fan is numbered sequentially as 1, 2, 3… …180. Each fan is driven individually by a frequency converter, and its speed can be controlled by adjusting the output frequency of the frequency converter. In uniform laminar flow mode:

[0104] (1) Users need to install a rectifier at the outlet of the horizontal flow fan array;

[0105] (2) The user edits the horizontal flow fan operation status parameter setting table offline according to the wind speed and test area requirements in the test task, as shown in Table 5. In Table 5, each fan has 3 parameters. The first parameter is the fan number, and the fan number is related to... Figure 7 The numbers in the horizontal flow fan layout diagram shown are consistent and cannot be edited; the second parameter is the fan's activation status, set to 0 to indicate that the fan is not activated, and set to 1 to indicate that the fan is activated; the third parameter is the fan speed, and the speed setting range is 0 to 10000 r / min.

[0106] Table 5

[0107]

[0108] (3) The user imports the edited horizontal flow fan operation status parameter setting table, i.e. Table 5, into the host computer, i.e. the monitoring configuration software. The activated fan is displayed in bright green on the host computer, and the fan activation command is sent to the slave computer. The slave computer controls the contactor through the solid-state relay according to the received fan activation command, so as to realize the power supply to the frequency converter of the activated fan.

[0109] (4) During the test, the operating status information of all equipment and the data of the field sensors will be displayed in different forms on the host computer and stored synchronously in the historical database. When the drive inverter of a certain fan fails, the operating status of that fan will be displayed in bright red and flash. The operation page of the uniform laminar flow module is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0110] (ii) Turbulence Module

[0111] Turbulence is used to simulate scenarios that drones may encounter in their working environment due to weather and their own topology. In the test environment, the level of turbulence is simulated by controlling the wind speed of the grid fan units. The level of turbulence can be the same across the grid fan units or can be different in different test areas.

[0112] In turbulent flow mode, the user's operation process is basically the same as that in uniform laminar flow mode. The difference is that no treatment is required for the outlet air, and the blown air is in a turbulent state. Different turbulent wind speeds can be obtained by controlling the fan speed.

[0113] The operation page for the turbulence module is the same as that for the uniform laminar flow module.

[0114] (III) Wind Shear Module

[0115] Wind shear refers to the parallel flow of adjacent airflow layers at different speeds within a wind profile. Wind shear is divided into vertical wind shear and horizontal wind shear. Wind shear can be simulated by first setting a lower wind speed in one grid of fan unit arrays, and then setting a higher wind speed in an adjacent grid of fan unit arrays.

[0116] In wind shear mode:

[0117] (1) The user edits the horizontal flow fan operation status parameter setting table offline according to the requirements of the wind profile and test area in the test task, as shown in Table 6. In Table 6, each fan has 2 parameters. The first parameter is the fan number, and... Figure 7 The numbers in the horizontal flow fan layout diagram shown are consistent and cannot be edited; the second parameter is the activation status of the fan, set to 0 to indicate that the fan is not activated, and set to 1 to indicate that the fan is activated.

[0118] Table 6

[0119]

[0120] (2) The user imports the edited horizontal flow fan operation status parameter setting table, i.e. Table 6, into the host computer. The activated fan is displayed in bright green on the monitoring interface, and the fan activation command is sent to the slave computer. The slave computer controls the contactor through the solid-state relay according to the received fan activation command to realize the power supply of the frequency converter of the activated fan. When simulating vertical wind shear, each row of activated fans will rotate at the same speed and direction. When simulating horizontal wind shear, each column of activated fans will rotate at the same speed and direction.

[0121] (3) During the test, the operating status information of all equipment and the data of field sensors will be displayed in different forms on the host computer and stored synchronously in the historical database. When the drive inverter of a certain fan fails, the operating status of the fan with that number will be displayed in bright red and flash.

[0122] Wind shear includes vertical wind shear and horizontal wind shear. The operation page for vertical wind shear is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the operation page of the horizontal wind shear module is as follows: Figure 10As shown.

[0123] (iv) Time-varying wind module

[0124] In the time-varying wind mode, users can change the wind speed of the horizontal flow fan over time to create a unique time-varying wind profile. For example, by setting the initial wind speed to 2 m / s, then continuously increasing it to 10 m / s, and then adjusting it to decrease it back to 2 m / s, users will get a wind speed change curve like the sine wave shown in the figure below.

[0125] In time-varying wind mode, the user's operation process is basically the same as that in uniform laminar flow mode. The differences are: ① The rotation speed of each fan is the same; ② The fan speed setting value changes with time according to the wind profile.

[0126] The operation interface of the time-varying wind module is the same as that of the uniform laminar flow module.

[0127] (v) Gust Module

[0128] Sudden changes in wind speed pose a significant challenge to the navigation performance of drones. Gusts can be simulated by controlling the rapid changes in wind speed of a horizontal flow fan. This helps users study the drone's drift or wind resistance capabilities under gust conditions, and can also effectively test the sensitivity of the flight control system.

[0129] In Gust mode, the user's operation process is basically the same as that in Time-varying Wind mode. The difference is that the target wind speed value changes rapidly over time according to the wind profile.

[0130] The operation interface of the time-varying wind module is the same as that of the uniform laminar flow module.

[0131] (vi) Tornado Module

[0132] Tornado simulation is achieved by combining vertical flow fans and rotating flow fans. Four vertical flow fans at the top draw in airflow through a vertically arranged funnel located at the center of an octagon, creating an upward airflow in the central area of ​​the test chamber. The rotating flow fans at the bottom of the octagon simulate the intensity and vortex ratio of the rotating flow by adjusting the direction of the guide vanes and the fan flow rate. The two fans work together to create tornado models of different levels, and the linear motion of the tornado can be simulated by translating the funnel.

[0133] In Tornado mode:

[0134] (1) The user shall manually adjust the guide vanes of the rotary flow fan to a suitable angle and lock them in place according to the requirements of the test task;

[0135] (2) Based on the requirements of the rotating flow intensity and vortex ratio of the tornado in the test task, the user offline edits the operating status parameter setting table for the rotating flow fan and the vertical flow fan, as shown in Table 7. In Table 7, each fan has 3 parameters. The first parameter is the fan number, which is related to... Figure 7 The numbers in the layout diagrams of the rotating flow and vertical flow fans shown are consistent and cannot be edited; the second parameter is the activation status of the fan, set to 0 to indicate that the fan is not activated, and set to 1 to indicate that the fan is activated; the third parameter is the fan speed, and the speed setting range is 0 to 10000 r / min.

[0136] Table 7. Operating Status Parameter Settings for Rotary Flow and Vertical Flow Fans

[0137] Table 7

[0138]

[0139] (3) The user imports the edited rotating flow and vertical flow fan operation status parameter setting table, i.e. Table 7, into the monitoring software. The activated fan is displayed in bright green on the monitoring interface, and the fan activation command is sent to the lower computer. The lower computer controls the contactor through the solid-state relay according to the received fan activation command, so as to realize the power supply to the frequency converter of the activated fan.

[0140] (4) During the test, the operating status information of all equipment and the data of field sensors will be displayed in different forms on the host computer and stored synchronously in the historical database.

[0141] The operation page of the tornado module is as follows: Figure 11 As shown.

[0142] (vii) Downstream Module

[0143] The simulation of a downburst requires the cooperation of a vertical flow fan and a rotary flow fan. The vertical flow fan at the top draws in air from the return air duct and blows it downward from a flared nozzle located near the center of the top. The rotary flow fan located on the octagonal wall adjusts the direction of the guide vanes to be parallel to the fan axis, making the airflow direction purely centrifugal with no rotational air volume. This helps to form a high-speed radial airflow on the ground, thereby simulating a downburst. The intensity of the downburst can be controlled by controlling the air volume. When it is reduced to a certain degree, it can simulate a descending airflow.

[0144] In Downburst mode, the user's operation process is basically the same as that in Tornado mode. The differences are: ① The direction of the rotating flow guide vane needs to be adjusted to be parallel to the fan axis and locked; ② The body of the rotating flow and vertical flow fan rotates 180 degrees to obtain reverse wind; ③ The horn mouth does not need to be controlled for linear movement speed.

[0145] The operation page for the Burst module is the same as that for the Tornado module, only the fan number is different.

[0146] (viii) Historical Data Query Module

[0147] The historical data query module is used to: obtain the query time period input by the user; obtain the experimental data corresponding to the query time period; and generate historical trend curves based on the experimental data.

[0148] In this embodiment, historical data query is used to query experimental data over a past period, generate historical trend curves, and view the changing trends of historical data, such as... Figure 12 As shown

[0149] (ix) Sensor calibration module

[0150] The sensor calibration module is used to: acquire multiple sets of test data from the sensor, each set of test data including a standard quantity and a corresponding output quantity; process and compare the standard quantity and output quantity of each set of test data to obtain a calibration curve showing the correspondence between the standard quantity and the output quantity; and determine the sensor's performance indicators based on the calibration curve.

[0151] The sensor calibration module is used to experimentally establish the correspondence between the sensor's output and input quantities, and also to determine the error relationship under different operating conditions. The basic method of sensor calibration is to input a known measurand (i.e., a standard quantity) into the sensor to be calibrated, simultaneously obtaining the sensor's output. The obtained sensor input and output quantities are then processed and compared to obtain a series of calibration curves characterizing the correspondence between the two, ultimately yielding the measured results of the sensor's performance indicators. When calibrating a sensor, the accuracy of the measuring equipment used is typically an order of magnitude higher (at least one-third higher) than the accuracy of the sensor to be calibrated. In engineering measurements, sensor calibration should be performed under conditions similar to its operating conditions. To obtain high calibration accuracy, the sensor and its associated cables, amplifiers, and sampling channels should be calibrated together. This includes sensors such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and wind speed sensors.

[0152] The operation page of the sensor calibration module is as follows: Figure 13 As shown.

[0153] The operation also includes a wind speed adjustment module. The wind speed adjustment sub-module is used to: obtain the wind speed adjustment value input by the user on the host computer when the wind speed difference between the wind speed value in the test chamber and the preset wind speed value is greater than the preset wind speed value, so as to control the output frequency of the inverter through the analog output channel of the lower computer and realize the adjustment of the fan speed.

[0154] In the uniform laminar flow mode, turbulent flow test mode, wind shear test mode, time-varying wind test mode, gust test mode, tornado test mode, and downburst test mode, the activated fans will rotate in the same direction according to the speed set in the horizontal flow fan operation status parameter setting table. If the actual wind speed value displayed in real time on the host computer deviates significantly from the set test wind speed target value, the user can manually adjust the output frequency of the activated fan drive frequency converter to change the fan speed until the actual wind speed value matches the target value.

[0155] This application also discloses a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control method, applied to a three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system. The main process of the method is described as follows (steps S101 to S103):

[0156] Step S101: Obtain the fan control parameters, which include the fan number and the speed corresponding to the fan number;

[0157] In this embodiment, the user triggers the selection operation of the operation object through input devices such as mouse and keyboard on the host computer. In response to the user's selection operation of the operation object, the host computer obtains the fan control parameters corresponding to the selected operation object. The fan control parameters include the fan number and the fan speed.

[0158] Step S102: Generate a fan control command based on the fan control parameters;

[0159] Step S103: Send the fan control command to the lower-level machine so that the lower-level machine controls the opening, closing and rotation speed of the horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan and rotary flow fan with the corresponding fan number in the fan subsystem, thereby generating a preset wind field type.

[0160] Before sending the fan control command to the lower-level machine, the method further includes: validating the fan control command, which includes verifying whether the fan number is within the valid range and whether the speed exceeds the rated speed range of the fan; if the verification fails, feedback information is generated to prompt the user to re-enter the parameters; the feedback information includes the incorrect fan number and the rated speed range of the fan.

[0161] The fan number validity check includes determining whether the input fan number belongs to the configured valid fan number range (e.g., 1 to 180). If an invalid number (e.g., 200) is found, an error message is marked in the fan control command, and the corresponding fan number is fed back. The feedback content can be: "Fan number 200 does not exist. Please re-enter a valid fan number."

[0162] The fan speed range check includes: comparing whether the target speed is within the rated speed range of the corresponding fan (e.g., the rated speed of a fan is 2000-4000 RPM); if the set value exceeds the upper limit or is lower than the lower limit, an error message is determined, and the fan number and speed corresponding to the error message are fed back. The feedback message can be "Fan 3 is set to 4500 RPM, which exceeds the rated speed range of 2000-4000 RPM. Please adjust."

[0163] When the fan control command is verified, the host computer sends the fan control command to the slave computer, so that the slave computer can power on the corresponding numbered fan and adjust the speed of the corresponding numbered fan.

[0164] In this embodiment, the video surveillance system sends the monitoring video of the test chamber captured by the infrared bullet camera to the host computer in real time. Each infrared bullet camera has a corresponding number. When the host computer receives the monitoring video, it sorts the video according to the number of the infrared bullet camera to which the video belongs and displays it in a split screen on the host computer's interface.

[0165] In this embodiment, wind field parameters, such as real-time wind speed curves, are overlaid on the video playback interface. Users can click on specific areas in the monitoring video to view the wind field data at the corresponding locations.

[0166] When wind farm parameters exceed the threshold or the wind turbine malfunctions, the recording function of the corresponding camera is automatically triggered, and the recorded file is stored in association with the abnormal event.

[0167] In this embodiment, a digital twin model of the test chamber is also included, which associates the data values ​​detected by each sensor with the corresponding locations in the digital twin model. Users can view the wind field data of the corresponding area by clicking on the corresponding location in the digital twin model through the host computer.

[0168] The terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0169] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the foregoing application concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system, characterized in that, It includes a host computer, multiple slave computers, and multiple fan subsystems; The fan subsystem includes fans installed in the test chamber, and the fans include horizontal flow fans, vertical flow fans and rotary flow fans; The horizontal flow fan is installed on the side wall of the test chamber, the vertical flow fan is installed on the top of the test chamber, and the rotary flow fan is installed on the upper surface of the test chamber base. The host computer is connected to the slave computer. The host computer is used to obtain the fan control parameters input by the user, generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters, and send the fan control commands to the slave computer. The lower-level machine is connected to the fan subsystem. The lower-level machine is used to control the speed and on / off status of the horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan and rotary flow fan in the fan subsystem based on the fan control command, so as to generate uniform laminar flow, turbulent flow, wind shear, time-varying wind, gusts, tornadoes and downbursts.

2. The three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned wind turbine subsystems includes a circuit breaker, a fuse, a contactor, a frequency converter, an output reactor, a first thermal relay, and a motor connected in sequence; The motor in each of the aforementioned wind turbine subsystems is connected to the corresponding wind turbine, and the circuit breaker in each of the aforementioned wind turbine subsystems is connected to the power supply.

3. The three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower-level machine includes a fully isolated digital output channel, an analog output channel, a fully isolated digital input channel, and a differential analog input channel; The fully isolated digital output channel is connected to a solid-state relay, which is connected to a contactor coil. The contactor coil is also connected to a second thermal relay. The lower-level machine controls the contactor through the solid-state relay to realize the power on and off of the frequency converter. The analog output channel is connected to the frequency converter to control the output frequency of the frequency converter and adjust the speed of the fan. The fully isolated digital input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive fault signals from the frequency converter; The differential analog input channel is connected to the frequency converter to receive the actual output frequency signal of the frequency converter.

4. The three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a video surveillance system, which includes multiple infrared bullet cameras. Each infrared bullet camera is connected to a hard disk recorder, which is connected to a monitor. Each infrared bullet camera is also connected to a power supply and is installed inside the test chamber.

5. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The host computer is also used for: In response to a user login trigger, retrieve the user login page; Obtain the username and password entered by the user on the user login page; The account and password are verified. If the account and password are verified, the test task editing page is displayed to the user. The test task editing page includes multiple operation objects. Each user has an access priority and a security zone. Access is only allowed when the user's priority is greater than the priority of the operation object and the user's security zone is within the security zone of the operation object.

6. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operational objects include a uniform laminar flow module, a turbulent flow module, a wind shear module, a time-varying wind module, a gust module, a tornado module, and a downburst module.

7. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The host computer is also used for: In response to the user's selection of the operation object, the fan control parameters corresponding to the selected operation object are obtained. The fan control parameters include the fan number, the fan activation status, and the fan speed. Generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters; The fan control command is sent to the lower-level machine, which controls the solid-state relay of the fully isolated digital output channel to power on the corresponding numbered fan. The output frequency of the inverter is controlled through the analog output channel to adjust the speed of the corresponding numbered fan.

8. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operation object also includes a wind speed adjustment module, which is used for: If the wind speed difference between the wind speed value in the test chamber and the preset wind speed value is greater than the preset wind speed value, the wind speed adjustment value input by the user on the host computer is obtained. Based on the wind speed adjustment value, the output frequency of the frequency converter is controlled through the analog output channel of the lower computer to adjust the fan speed.

9. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control method, applied to the three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Obtain the fan control parameters, which include the fan number and the speed corresponding to the fan number; Generate fan control commands based on the fan control parameters; The fan control command is sent to the lower-level machine so that the lower-level machine controls the opening, closing and rotation speed of the horizontal flow fan, vertical flow fan and rotary flow fan with the corresponding fan number in the fan subsystem, thereby generating a preset wind field type.

10. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupled wind tunnel measurement and control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Before sending the fan control command to the lower-level machine, the method further includes: The legality of the fan control command is verified, including whether the fan number is within the valid range and whether the speed exceeds the rated speed range of the fan. If the verification fails, feedback information is generated to prompt the user to re-enter the parameters; the feedback information includes the incorrect fan number and the rated speed range of the fan.

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