A high efficiency heat conducting device for heat pipe stacks

Abstract

The application provides a high-efficiency heat conduction device for a heat pipe stack, relates to the technical field of heat pipe heat conduction, and comprises a heat export mechanism for exporting heat in a reactor, wherein the heat export mechanism is provided with a heat exchange mechanism for cooling and exchanging the exported heat. The application is made of micro-nano sintered powder in the inner capillary core, and is combined with the composite flow guide structure of the metal wire mesh and the convex groove, so that the capillary driving force and the liquid return efficiency are improved. The inner capillary core generates strong capillary suction as the core driving force, the metal wire mesh assists in flow guide to prevent local flow interruption, and the convex groove provides a low-resistance rapid return channel. The three work together to effectively solve the problems of poor liquid return and easy local dryness of the traditional heat pipe during long-distance transmission. The application can improve the heat transfer limit and working stability of the heat pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat pipe heat conduction technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks. Background Technology

[0002] A heat pipe reactor is an advanced nuclear reactor system that uses heat pipes as heat transfer elements. It features passive operation, high reliability, and a compact structure, and has broad application prospects in space propulsion, deep-sea operations, and power supply in remote land-based areas. In a heat pipe reactor, the heat pipes are responsible for efficiently transferring the heat generated in the reactor core to heat exchangers or thermoelectric conversion systems. Their heat transfer performance directly affects the reactor's operating temperature, safety margin, and overall efficiency.

[0003] Currently, the heat transfer devices commonly used in heat pipe stacks mainly rely on high-temperature heat pipes to achieve directional heat transfer. Traditional high-temperature heat pipes typically employ a single capillary wick structure and alkali metals as the working fluid, relying on capillary force to drive the liquid working fluid backflow, forming an evaporation-condensation phase change cycle. However, in practical applications, existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: First, the capillary wick structure of traditional heat pipes is simple, and the capillary driving force is limited. Especially under long-distance, high heat flux density transmission conditions, problems such as poor liquid reflux and local drying are prone to occur, leading to a reduction in the heat transfer limit and affecting the stable operation of the heat pipe stack. Second, in existing heat conduction devices, the contact method between the evaporation section of the heat pipe and the core is mostly direct embedding or simple bonding, which has the problems of large contact thermal resistance and uneven heat collection, which can easily create local hot spots and threaten the core material and the life of the heat pipe. Third, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange end usually depends on a fixed heat dissipation structure, such as heat dissipation fins, and cannot be adaptively adjusted according to changes in actual heat load. When the reactor power fluctuates or the cooling conditions change, the heat dissipation capacity does not match the heat input, which may lead to excessive core temperature fluctuations and affect system stability. Fourth, existing heat pipes lack effective thermal protection measures in the steam transmission section. Steam easily loses heat to the environment during transmission, reducing the proportion of heat reaching the condensation section and weakening the overall heat transfer efficiency.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks to enhance the capillary drive capability of heat pipes, reduce contact thermal resistance, achieve adaptive adjustment of the heat dissipation end, and optimize the directional transport efficiency of steam, thereby meeting the requirements of heat pipe stacks for a highly reliable, efficient, and long-life heat conduction system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems in existing heat pipe stack heat conduction devices, such as insufficient capillary driving force of traditional heat pipes, easy occurrence of poor liquid reflux and local drying, high thermal resistance between the evaporation section and the core, uneven heat collection, inability to adaptively adjust the heat dissipation capacity of the heat exchange end according to the heat load, large heat loss in the steam transmission section, and low overall heat transfer efficiency, this invention provides a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a high-efficiency heat conduction device for a heat pipe reactor, including an exhaust mechanism for exhausting heat from the reactor, and an exhaust mechanism for cooling and exchanging the exhausted heat.

[0007] The exhaust mechanism includes a lower base plate, which is installed in the ground. A sealing cover is fixedly installed on the lower base plate. A nuclear reactor is fixedly installed inside the lower base plate. The nuclear reactor is located below the ground plane. Multiple inner top columns are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper surface of the sealing cover. The bottom of the inner top columns is in contact with the top of the nuclear reactor.

[0008] The exhaust mechanism also includes multiple heat-conducting substrates evenly arranged within the nuclear reactor. A lower connecting plate is fixedly installed below the heat-conducting substrate, and the lower connecting plate is fixedly installed to the bottom inner side of the lower base plate. The heat-conducting substrate penetrates the nuclear reactor.

[0009] The outlet mechanism also includes a high-temperature heat pipe fixedly installed in the heat-conducting substrate. A metal wire mesh is installed inside the high-temperature heat pipe, and an inner capillary core is fixedly installed inside the metal wire mesh. The inner capillary core is made of micro-nano sintered powder and contains liquid sodium.

[0010] The heat conduction mechanism also includes multiple axially oriented raised grooves on the metal wire mesh, and multiple mesh holes are provided on both the raised grooves and the metal wire mesh.

[0011] The efficient heat transfer of the thermally conductive substrate, high-temperature heat pipe, metal mesh, and inner capillary wick relies on the phase change cycle of liquid sodium metal inside the inner capillary wick. Combined with the capillary force drive of the metal mesh, it achieves pump-free, high-power directional heat transfer. First, the heat generated by the nuclear reactor is uniformly transferred to the outer shell of the high-temperature heat pipe through the thermally conductive substrate, and then conducted to the inner metal mesh. The liquid sodium located inside the inner capillary wick absorbs heat through the capillary wick of the inner capillary wick and vaporizes into high-temperature sodium vapor at an operating temperature of about 600°C or higher.

[0012] After the sodium vapor cools down in the heat exchange mechanism, it returns to a liquid state. Under the capillary force of the inner capillary wick, the liquid sodium flows back downwards. The inner capillary wick generates a strong capillary suction force, which is the core driving force. The metal wire mesh assists in guiding the flow and prevents local interruption of the liquid flow. The raised grooves provide a low-resistance, fast return channel, improving the overall return efficiency. As the liquid sodium returns to the inner capillary wick, it absorbs heat and vaporizes again, completing a complete heat transfer cycle.

[0013] The high-temperature heat pipe, acting as a pressure-bearing outer shell, maintains an internal vacuum, constrains the sodium flow path, provides a stable phase change environment, prevents sodium leakage, and ensures directional sodium vapor transport. The inner capillary wick generates capillary force to drive the sodium liquid backflow, enhancing heat exchange on the inner wall. This is the core of achieving pump-free circulation and determines the heat transfer limit and operational stability of the heat pipe. Metallic sodium, as a phase change heat transfer carrier, achieves ultra-high thermal conductivity. Sodium's high boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization ensure efficient heat transfer at high temperatures, approaching superconductor levels. The thermally conductive substrate collects heat from the core, reduces contact thermal resistance, improves heat absorption efficiency, and avoids local overheating. Metal mesh assists in guiding the flow, preventing local liquid interruption, while raised grooves provide low-resistance, rapid backflow channels, improving overall backflow efficiency.

[0014] The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange shell fixedly installed on a sealed cover. The heat exchange shell is a closed structure, and an inner fixing frame is fixedly installed inside the heat exchange shell.

[0015] The heat exchange mechanism also includes multiple heat exchange stations fixedly installed on the heat exchange shell. Each heat exchange station is equipped with a controller. A return cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the heat exchange station and is fixedly installed to the heat exchange shell. The return cooling pipe is connected to the inside of the heat exchange shell. An inlet cooling pipe is fixedly installed below the heat exchange station and enters the heat exchange shell. Multiple cold air outlet pipes are fixedly installed on the inner fixed frame and are connected to the inlet cooling pipes.

[0016] The heat exchange mechanism also includes a sealing end cap fixedly installed on a sealing septum, a heat pipe middle tube fixedly installed on the sealing end cap, the sealing end cap being fixedly installed with the high-temperature heat pipe, the sealing end cap being fixedly installed with the heat-conducting substrate, the heat pipe middle tube being connected to the inner capillary core, and a heat insulation component being provided outside the heat pipe middle tube.

[0017] The heat exchange mechanism also includes multiple upper heat exchange tubes fixedly installed on the heat pipe middle tube. The multiple upper heat exchange tubes are interconnected. Each upper heat exchange tube is fixedly installed with a heat dissipation cylinder. Multiple external heat dissipation fins are provided on the heat dissipation cylinder. The outer ends of the external heat dissipation fins face upwards. The heat pipe middle tube and the upper heat exchange tubes are in a vacuum environment.

[0018] The heat exchange mechanism also includes a heat bending plate disposed inside the heat exchange shell. The outer end of the heat bending plate is fixedly installed to the heat exchange shell. The heat bending plate is concave. A lower pressure ring body is fixedly installed below the heat bending plate. A lower pressure bracket is fixedly installed below the lower pressure ring body. Multiple upper and lower pressure brackets are fixedly installed below the lower pressure brackets. Multiple pressure plate rings are disposed below the upper and lower pressure brackets. The pressure plate rings are located above the outer end of the outer heat sink.

[0019] After sodium forms vapor, the vapor flows rapidly upward along the axis in the vacuum environment of the heat pipe middle tube, the upper heat exchange tube, and the inner capillary wick. The vacuum environment greatly reduces the vapor flow resistance. The vapor enters the heat pipe middle tube and then the upper heat exchange tube. Since the heat pipe middle tube is wrapped with multiple layers of heat insulation components, the radiative heat loss to the environment is greatly reduced, ensuring that the vapor is transported only axially. The vapor is kept in a high temperature and high pressure state in the heat pipe middle tube with almost no heat loss, providing conditions for subsequent condensation and heat release.

[0020] The heat exchange station sprays cooling gas through the inlet cooling pipe and the outlet cooling pipe to cool the upper heat exchange tube and the heat exchange shell. After the high-temperature sodium vapor reaches the upper heat exchange tube, it comes into contact with the cooler tube wall, releases its latent heat of vaporization, and recondenses into liquid sodium. The released heat is quickly transferred to the heat exchange shell through the external heat sink. The cooling gas is heated and flows back to the heat exchange station through the return cooling pipe for cooling. After cooling, it enters the heat exchange shell again through the inlet cooling pipe and the outlet cooling pipe, and the cycle repeats.

[0021] When the temperature inside the heat exchanger housing is too high, the hot bending fins will deform downwards. The hot bending fins push the lower pressure ring and lower pressure bracket down, and the lower pressure bracket pushes the upper and lower pressure frames and pressure ring down. The pressure ring presses down on the outer heat sink, making the opening angle of the outer heat sink larger, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the outer heat sink. The outer heat sink has a certain degree of resilience. When the temperature inside the heat exchanger housing drops, the hot bending fins return to their shape, the outer heat sink returns to its position, and the pressure ring and upper and lower pressure frames reset.

[0022] The external heat sink expands the heat dissipation area, enhances heat exchange with the cooling medium, accelerates condensation and heat release, and increases the heat removal rate. The insulation component reduces heat loss in the heat pipe sections, ensuring heat is concentrated in the upper heat exchanger tube for output, thus improving overall heat transfer efficiency. The sealed end caps ensure an internal vacuum environment, preventing sodium leakage and air infiltration, and maintaining the long-term reliable operation of the heat pipe.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: 1. The embodiments of the present invention utilize micro-nano sintered powder in the inner capillary core and combine it with a composite flow guiding structure of metal mesh and raised grooves to improve capillary driving force and liquid reflux efficiency. The inner capillary core generates strong capillary suction as the core driving force, the metal mesh assists in guiding the flow to prevent local flow interruption, and the raised grooves provide a low-resistance fast reflux channel. The three work together to effectively solve the problems of poor liquid reflux and easy local drying during long-distance transmission of traditional heat pipes, thereby improving the heat transfer limit and working stability of the heat pipe.

[0024] 2. In this embodiment of the invention, a heat-conducting substrate is set up to uniformly collect and transfer the heat from the nuclear reactor to the high-temperature heat pipe. The heat-conducting substrate is fixedly installed with the nuclear reactor and the bottom plate, which effectively reduces the contact thermal resistance and avoids local overheating. At the same time, the high-temperature heat pipe is set up through the nuclear reactor, which realizes the uniform export of heat from the reactor core, ensures the stability and reliability of heat transfer, and extends the service life of the reactor and the heat pipe.

[0025] 3. In this embodiment of the invention, an adaptive heat dissipation adjustment structure composed of a hot bending plate, a lower pressure ring, upper and lower pressure frames, and a pressure plate ring is set up. When the temperature inside the heat exchange shell is too high, the hot bending plate deforms under heat and automatically presses down on the outer heat dissipation fins, increasing the opening angle of the heat dissipation fins and enhancing the heat dissipation effect. After the temperature drops, the hot bending plate returns to its shape, and the outer heat dissipation fins return to their original position due to their elasticity. This realizes the adaptive adjustment of heat dissipation capacity with heat load, effectively maintains the thermal balance at the heat exchange end, and improves the stable operation capability of the system under different operating conditions.

[0026] 4. In this embodiment of the invention, by setting multiple layers of heat insulation components outside the heat pipe, the radiative heat loss of high-temperature sodium vapor during the transmission process is greatly reduced, ensuring that the vapor is only directionally transmitted to the heat exchange end along the axial direction, which effectively improves the efficiency of concentrated heat output. At the same time, the high-temperature heat pipe, the heat pipe middle tube and the upper heat exchange tube maintain a vacuum environment, which greatly reduces the vapor flow resistance. Combined with the high boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization of sodium working fluid, ultra-high thermal conductivity close to that of superconductors is achieved, which improves the overall heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe stack. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a high-efficiency heat-conducting device for a heat pipe stack, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism structure of a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism structure of a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism structure of a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism structure of a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a heat exchange mechanism for a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a heat exchange mechanism for a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a heat exchange mechanism for a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0037] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a heat exchange mechanism for a high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0038] Reference numerals: 101. Lower base plate; 102. Sealing cover; 103. Nuclear reactor; 104. Thermally conductive substrate; 105. High-temperature heat pipe; 106. Metal wire mesh; 107. Raised groove; 108. Mesh opening; 109. Inner capillary core; 110. Lower connecting plate; 111. Inner top column; 201. Heat exchange shell; 202. Heat exchange station; 203. Controller; 204. Return cooling pipe; 205. Inlet cooling pipe; 206. Lower pressure ring; 207. Hot bending plate; 208. Lower pressure bracket; 209. Sealing end cap; 210. Heat insulation component; 211. Upper heat exchange pipe; 212. Heat dissipation cylinder; 213. Outer heat dissipation fins; 214. Upper and lower pressure frames; 215. Pressure plate ring; 216. Inner fixing frame; 217. Cold exhaust pipe; 218. Heat pipe middle tube.

[0039] As shown in the figure, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure to clearly illustrate the structure of the embodiments of the present invention. However, this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to this specific structure, device and environment. Those skilled in the art can adjust or modify these devices and environments according to specific needs. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-efficiency heat conduction device for a heat pipe reactor, including an exhaust mechanism for exhausting heat from the reactor, and an exhaust mechanism provided with a heat exchange mechanism for cooling and exchanging the exhausted heat.

[0042] The exhaust mechanism includes a lower base plate 101, which is installed in the ground. A sealing cover 102 is fixedly installed on the lower base plate 101. A nuclear reactor 103 is fixedly installed inside the lower base plate 101. The nuclear reactor 103 is located below the ground plane. Multiple inner top columns 111 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper surface of the sealing cover 102. The lower part of the inner top columns 111 is in contact with the top of the nuclear reactor 103.

[0043] The exhaust mechanism also includes multiple heat-conducting substrates 104 evenly arranged within the nuclear reactor 103. A lower connecting plate 110 is fixedly installed below the heat-conducting substrate 104. The lower connecting plate 110 is fixedly installed to the bottom inner side of the lower base plate 101. The heat-conducting substrate 104 penetrates the nuclear reactor 103.

[0044] The outlet mechanism also includes a high-temperature heat pipe 105 fixedly installed in the heat-conducting substrate 104. A metal wire mesh 106 is provided inside the high-temperature heat pipe 105. An inner capillary 109 is fixedly installed inside the metal wire mesh 106. The inner capillary 109 is made of micro-nano sintered powder and contains liquid sodium.

[0045] The heat conduction mechanism also includes a plurality of axially oriented raised grooves 107 provided on the metal wire mesh 106, and a plurality of mesh holes 108 provided on both the raised grooves 107 and the metal wire mesh 106.

[0046] The efficient heat transfer of the thermally conductive substrate 104, high-temperature heat pipe 105, metal mesh 106 and inner capillary 109 depends on the phase change cycle of liquid sodium metal inside the inner capillary 109. Combined with the capillary force drive of the metal mesh 106, it realizes pump-free, high-power directional heat transfer. First, the heat generated by the nuclear reactor 103 is uniformly transferred to the outer shell of the high-temperature heat pipe 105 through the thermally conductive substrate 104, and then conducted to the inner metal mesh 106. The liquid sodium inside the inner capillary 109 absorbs heat through the capillary of the inner capillary 109 and vaporizes into high-temperature sodium vapor at an operating temperature of about 600°C or higher.

[0047] After the sodium vapor cools down in the heat exchange mechanism, it returns to the liquid state. Under the capillary force of the inner capillary wick 109, the liquid sodium flows back downwards. The inner capillary wick 109 generates a strong capillary suction force, which is the core driving force. The metal wire mesh 106 assists in guiding the flow and prevents the liquid from partially interrupting the flow. The raised groove 107 provides a low-resistance fast return channel and improves the overall return efficiency. As the liquid sodium returns to the inner capillary wick 109, it absorbs heat and vaporizes again, completing a complete heat transfer cycle.

[0048] The high-temperature heat pipe 105 serves as a pressure-bearing outer shell, maintaining an internal vacuum, constraining the sodium flow path, providing a stable phase change environment, preventing sodium leakage, and ensuring directional sodium vapor transport. The inner capillary wick 109 generates capillary force to drive the sodium liquid backflow, enhancing heat exchange on the inner wall. This is the core of achieving pump-free circulation and determines the heat transfer limit and operational stability of the heat pipe. Metallic sodium serves as a phase change heat transfer carrier, achieving ultra-high thermal conductivity. The high boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization of sodium ensure efficient heat transfer at high temperatures, approaching the level of a superconductor. The thermally conductive substrate 104 collects core heat, reduces contact thermal resistance, improves heat absorption efficiency, and avoids local overheating. The metal mesh 106 assists in guiding the flow, preventing local liquid interruption, and the raised groove 107 provides a low-resistance, fast backflow channel, improving overall backflow efficiency.

[0049] The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange shell 201 fixedly installed on the sealing cover 102. The heat exchange shell 201 is a closed structure, and an inner fixing frame 216 is fixedly installed inside the heat exchange shell 201.

[0050] The heat exchange mechanism also includes multiple heat exchange stations 202 fixedly installed on the heat exchange shell 201. A controller 203 is installed on the heat exchange station 202. A return cooling pipe 204 is fixedly installed on the top of the heat exchange station 202. The return cooling pipe 204 is fixedly installed with the heat exchange shell 201 and communicates with the inside of the heat exchange shell 201. A cooling inlet pipe 205 is fixedly installed below the heat exchange station 202 and enters the heat exchange shell 201. Multiple cold air outlet pipes 217 are fixedly installed on the inner fixing frame 216 and communicate with the cooling inlet pipe 205.

[0051] The heat exchange mechanism also includes a sealing end cap 209 fixedly installed on the sealing septum 102. A heat pipe middle tube 218 is fixedly installed on the sealing end cap 209. The sealing end cap 209 is fixedly installed with the high-temperature heat pipe 105 and the heat-conducting substrate 104. The heat pipe middle tube 218 is connected to the inner capillary core 109. A heat insulation component 210 is provided outside the heat pipe middle tube 218.

[0052] The heat exchange mechanism also includes multiple upper heat exchange tubes 211 fixedly installed on the heat pipe middle tube 218. The multiple upper heat exchange tubes 211 are interconnected. Each upper heat exchange tube 211 is fixedly installed with a heat dissipation cylinder 212. Multiple external heat dissipation fins 213 are provided on the heat dissipation cylinder 212. The outer ends of the external heat dissipation fins 213 face upward. The heat pipe middle tube 218 and the upper heat exchange tubes 211 are in a vacuum environment.

[0053] The heat exchange mechanism also includes a heat bending fin 207 disposed inside the heat exchange housing 201. The outer end of the heat bending fin 207 is fixedly installed to the heat exchange housing 201. The heat bending fin 207 is concave. A lower pressure ring body 206 is fixedly installed below the heat bending fin 207. A lower pressure bracket 208 is fixedly installed below the lower pressure ring body 206. Multiple upper and lower pressure brackets 214 are fixedly installed below the lower pressure bracket 208. Multiple pressure rings 215 are disposed below the upper and lower pressure brackets 214. The pressure rings 215 are located above the outer end of the outer heat sink 213.

[0054] After sodium forms vapor, the vapor flows rapidly upward along the axis in the vacuum environment of the heat pipe middle tube 218, the upper heat exchange tube 211 and the inner capillary wick 109. The vacuum environment greatly reduces the vapor flow resistance. The vapor enters the heat pipe middle tube 218 and then the upper heat exchange tube 211. Since the heat pipe middle tube 218 is wrapped by the multi-layer heat insulation component 210, the radiative heat loss to the environment is greatly reduced, ensuring that the vapor is transported only along the axial direction. The vapor is kept in a high temperature and high pressure state in the heat pipe middle tube 218 with almost no heat loss, providing conditions for subsequent condensation and heat release.

[0055] The heat exchange station 202 sprays cooling gas through the cooling inlet pipe 205 and the cold outlet pipe 217 to cool the upper heat exchange tube 211 and the heat exchange shell 201. After the high-temperature sodium vapor reaches the upper heat exchange tube 211, it comes into contact with the cooler tube wall, releases the latent heat of vaporization, and recondenses into liquid sodium. The released heat is quickly transferred to the heat exchange shell 201 through the external heat sink 213. The cooling gas is heated and flows back to the heat exchange station 202 through the return cooling pipe 204 for cooling. After cooling, it enters the heat exchange shell 201 again through the cooling inlet pipe 205 and the cold outlet pipe 217, and the cycle repeats.

[0056] When the temperature inside the heat exchange shell 201 is too high, the hot bending fin 207 will deform downwards. The hot bending fin 207 pushes the lower pressure ring 206 and the lower pressure bracket 208 down. The lower pressure bracket 208 pushes the upper and lower pressure brackets 214 and the pressure ring 215 down. The pressure ring 215 presses down the outer heat sink 213, making the opening angle of the outer heat sink 213 larger, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the outer heat sink 213. The outer heat sink 213 has a certain degree of resilience. When the temperature inside the heat exchange shell 201 drops, the hot bending fin 207 returns to its shape, the outer heat sink 213 returns to its position, and the pressure ring 215 and the upper and lower pressure brackets 214 reset.

[0057] The external heat sink 213 expands the heat dissipation area, enhances heat exchange with the cooling medium, accelerates condensation and heat release, and increases the heat removal rate. The insulation component 210 reduces heat loss in the middle section 218 of the heat pipe, ensuring that heat is concentrated in the upper heat exchanger 211 for output, thus improving overall heat transfer efficiency. The sealing end cap 209 ensures an internal vacuum environment, preventing sodium leakage and air infiltration, and maintaining the long-term reliable operation of the heat pipe.

[0058] Working principle: The efficient heat transfer of the heat-conducting substrate 104, high-temperature heat pipe 105, metal wire mesh 106 and inner capillary wick 109 depends on the phase change cycle of liquid sodium metal inside the inner capillary wick 109. Combined with the capillary force drive of the metal wire mesh 106, it realizes pump-free, high-power directional heat transfer. First, the heat generated by the nuclear reactor 103 is uniformly transferred to the outer shell of the high-temperature heat pipe 105 through the heat-conducting substrate 104, and then conducted to the inner metal wire mesh 106. The liquid sodium inside the inner capillary wick 109 absorbs heat through the capillary wick of the inner capillary wick 109 and vaporizes into high-temperature sodium vapor at an operating temperature of about 600°C or higher.

[0059] After sodium forms vapor, the vapor flows rapidly upward along the axis in the vacuum environment of the heat pipe middle tube 218, the upper heat exchange tube 211 and the inner capillary wick 109. The vacuum environment greatly reduces the vapor flow resistance. The vapor enters the heat pipe middle tube 218 and then the upper heat exchange tube 211. Since the heat pipe middle tube 218 is wrapped by the multi-layer heat insulation component 210, the radiative heat loss to the environment is greatly reduced, ensuring that the vapor is transported only along the axial direction. The vapor is kept in a high temperature and high pressure state in the heat pipe middle tube 218 with almost no heat loss, providing conditions for subsequent condensation and heat release.

[0060] The heat exchange station 202 sprays cooling gas through the cooling inlet pipe 205 and the cold outlet pipe 217 to cool the upper heat exchange tube 211 and the heat exchange shell 201. After the high-temperature sodium vapor reaches the upper heat exchange tube 211, it comes into contact with the cooler tube wall, releases the latent heat of vaporization, and recondenses into liquid sodium. The released heat is quickly transferred to the heat exchange shell 201 through the external heat sink 213. The cooling gas is heated and flows back to the heat exchange station 202 through the return cooling pipe 204 for cooling. After cooling, it enters the heat exchange shell 201 again through the cooling inlet pipe 205 and the cold outlet pipe 217, and the cycle repeats.

[0061] When the temperature inside the heat exchange shell 201 is too high, the hot bending fin 207 will deform downwards. The hot bending fin 207 pushes the lower pressure ring 206 and the lower pressure bracket 208 down. The lower pressure bracket 208 pushes the upper and lower pressure brackets 214 and the pressure ring 215 down. The pressure ring 215 presses down the outer heat sink 213, making the opening angle of the outer heat sink 213 larger, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the outer heat sink 213. The outer heat sink 213 has a certain degree of resilience. When the temperature inside the heat exchange shell 201 drops, the hot bending fin 207 returns to its shape, the outer heat sink 213 returns to its position, and the pressure ring 215 and the upper and lower pressure brackets 214 reset.

[0062] After the sodium vapor cools down in the heat exchange mechanism, it returns to the liquid state. Under the capillary force of the inner capillary wick 109, the liquid sodium flows back downwards. The inner capillary wick 109 generates a strong capillary suction force, which is the core driving force. The metal wire mesh 106 assists in guiding the flow and prevents the liquid from partially interrupting the flow. The raised groove 107 provides a low-resistance fast return channel and improves the overall return efficiency. As the liquid sodium returns to the inner capillary wick 109, it absorbs heat and vaporizes again, completing a complete heat transfer cycle.

[0063] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the preferred embodiments, while those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency heat transfer device for a heat pipe reactor, comprising a heat removal mechanism for removing heat from the reactor, characterized in that: The output mechanism is equipped with a heat exchange mechanism for cooling and exchanging the output heat.

2. The high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The export mechanism includes a lower base plate, a sealing cover, a nuclear reactor, and inner top columns. The lower base plate is installed in the ground, the sealing cover is fixedly installed on the lower base plate, the nuclear reactor is fixedly installed inside the lower base plate, the nuclear reactor is located below the ground plane, and multiple inner top columns are fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper surface of the sealing cover, with the lower part of the inner top columns contacting the top of the nuclear reactor.

3. The high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The export mechanism also includes a heat-conducting substrate and a lower connecting plate. Multiple heat-conducting substrates are evenly arranged inside the nuclear reactor. The lower connecting plate is fixedly installed below the heat-conducting substrate and is fixedly installed to the bottom inner side of the lower base plate. The heat-conducting substrate penetrates the nuclear reactor.

4. The high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet mechanism also includes a high-temperature heat pipe, a metal wire mesh, and an inner capillary wick. The high-temperature heat pipe is fixedly installed in the heat-conducting substrate, the metal wire mesh is located inside the high-temperature heat pipe, and the inner capillary wick is fixedly installed inside the metal wire mesh. The inner capillary wick is made of micro-nano sintered powder and contains liquid sodium.

5. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat-conducting mechanism also includes raised grooves and mesh holes. A plurality of raised grooves are arranged axially on the metal wire mesh, and a plurality of mesh holes are provided on both the raised grooves and the metal wire mesh.

6. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism includes a heat exchange shell and an inner fixing frame. The heat exchange shell is fixedly installed on the sealing cover and has a closed structure. The inner fixing frame is fixedly installed inside the heat exchange shell.

7. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes a heat exchange station, a controller, a return cooling pipe, an inlet cooling pipe, and a cold air outlet pipe. Multiple heat exchange stations are fixedly installed on the heat exchange shell. The controller is located on the heat exchange station. The return cooling pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the heat exchange station and is fixedly installed to the heat exchange shell, communicating with the inside of the heat exchange shell. The inlet cooling pipe is fixedly installed below the heat exchange station and enters the heat exchange shell. Multiple cold air outlet pipes are fixedly installed on the inner fixed frame and communicate with the inlet cooling pipe.

8. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes a sealing end cap, a heat pipe middle tube, and a heat insulation component. The sealing end cap is fixedly installed on the sealing cover, the heat pipe middle tube is fixedly installed on the sealing end cap, the sealing end cap is fixedly installed with the high-temperature heat pipe, the sealing end cap is fixedly installed with the heat-conducting substrate, the heat pipe middle tube is connected to the inner capillary core, and the heat insulation component is disposed outside the heat pipe middle tube.

9. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for heat pipe stacks according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes an upper heat exchange tube, a heat dissipation cylinder, and an outer heat dissipation fin. Multiple upper heat exchange tubes are fixedly installed on the heat pipe middle tube and are interconnected. The heat dissipation cylinder is fixedly installed outside each upper heat exchange tube. Multiple outer heat dissipation fins are arranged on the heat dissipation cylinder with their outer ends facing upwards. The heat pipe middle tube and the upper heat exchange tube are in a vacuum environment.

10. A high-efficiency heat conduction device for a heat pipe stack according to claim 9, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism further includes a hot bending plate, a lower pressure ring body, a lower pressure bracket, upper and lower pressure frames, and pressure plate rings. The hot bending plate is disposed inside the heat exchange shell, and the outer end of the hot bending plate is fixedly installed to the heat exchange shell. The hot bending plate is concave. The lower pressure ring body is fixedly installed below the hot bending plate. The lower pressure bracket is fixedly installed below the lower pressure ring body. Multiple upper and lower pressure frames are fixedly installed below the lower pressure bracket. Multiple pressure plate rings are disposed below the upper and lower pressure frames, and the pressure plate rings are located above the outer end of the outer heat sink.

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