A multi-polarized chamber antenna

Abstract

This application provides a multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna, relating to the field of antenna technology, comprising: a grounding element; a dielectric element; a radiating patch, wherein the radiating patch and the grounding element are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element; a plurality of first coupling patches, each of which is coupled to the radiating patch; a plurality of feed elements, wherein the feed elements are disposed on the grounding element, and each feed element is correspondingly connected to each of the first coupling patches for feeding power to the first coupling patches; a second coupling patch, wherein the second coupling patch is coupled to the radiating patch; and a metal post, wherein the metal post is connected to the grounding element and the second coupling patch. The multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna provided by this application solves the problem in related technologies where a single indoor distributed antenna cannot simultaneously possess wideband, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Indoor distributed antennas are radio frequency radiation / receiving units specifically designed for indoor wireless communication coverage. They belong to the end of an indoor distribution system and are responsible for uniformly and efficiently radiating the radio frequency signals of the signal source to indoor scenarios such as buildings, shopping malls, subways, parking lots, and elevators, while simultaneously receiving uplink signals from terminals.

[0003] In related technologies, indoor distributed antenna systems often employ microstrip patch antennas or dielectric resonator antennas. Microstrip patch antennas offer advantages such as compact structure and miniaturization; dielectric resonator antennas utilize the high dielectric constant of dielectric materials, combined with fluid tuning or mechanical structures, to achieve wide operating bandwidth and polarization reconfigurability.

[0004] However, microstrip patch antennas suffer from drawbacks such as a single polarization mode and a narrow operating bandwidth, while dielectric resonator antennas typically have a large three-dimensional structure, which is not conducive to miniaturization design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a multi-polarized indoor antenna to solve the problem in related technologies that a single indoor antenna cannot simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance.

[0006] This application provides a multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna, comprising:

[0007] Grounding components;

[0008] Medium device;

[0009] A radiating patch, wherein the radiating patch and the grounding element are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element;

[0010] Multiple first coupling patches, each of which is coupled to the radiating patch;

[0011] Multiple power supply components are disposed on the grounding component, and each power supply component is connected to each of the first coupling patches for feeding power to the first coupling patches;

[0012] A second coupling patch is coupled to the radiating patch;

[0013] A metal post, which is connected to the grounding element and the second coupling patch.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a plurality of first coupling patches are disposed on the side of the radiating patch away from the dielectric, and each first coupling patch is spaced apart from the radiating patch. A plurality of power supply components pass through the dielectric and the radiating patch and are respectively connected to the plurality of first coupling patches.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the second coupling patch is disposed on the side of the radiating patch away from the dielectric element, and the second coupling patch is spaced apart from the radiating patch. The metal post penetrates the dielectric element and the radiating patch and is connected to the grounding element and the second coupling patch.

[0016] In one possible implementation, a plurality of the first coupling patches are evenly spaced around the metal pillar.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the grounding element and the radiating patch are both circular, the dielectric element and the metal pillar are both cylindrical, and the grounding element, the dielectric element, the radiating patch and the metal pillar are coaxially arranged.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the two first coupling patches form a patch group, and at least two patch groups are provided, with the two first coupling patches in the same group located on opposite sides of the metal pillar.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the radiating patch has a central through hole, through which the metal pillar passes, and the metal pillar is spaced apart from the edge of the central through hole.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the power supply component includes a power supply port and a probe connected to each other, the power supply port being disposed on the side of the grounding component facing away from the dielectric component, and the probe passing through the grounding component, the dielectric component, and the radiating patch and connecting to the first coupling patch.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the probe is spaced apart from the grounding element, the dielectric element, and the radiating patch.

[0022] In one possible implementation, an air layer is formed between the radiating patch and the grounding element, the air layer being located outside the dielectric element.

[0023] This application provides a multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna, comprising: a grounding element; a dielectric element; a radiating patch, with the radiating patch and the grounding element respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element; multiple first coupling patches, each first coupling patch being coupled to the radiating patch; multiple feed elements, each feed element disposed on the grounding element and correspondingly connected to each first coupling patch for feeding power to the first coupling patch; a second coupling patch, the second coupling patch being coupled to the radiating patch; and a metal post, the metal post being connected to the grounding element and the second coupling patch. Thus, during operation, power can be fed to the first coupling patch through the feed elements, and then the first coupling patch electromagnetically couples to the radiating patch, forming an electromagnetic field that radiates outwards. Furthermore, the metal post can provide DC ground and RF ground to the second coupling patch, and the second coupling patch electromagnetically couples to the radiating patch, introducing additional resonant modes and expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the electromagnetic field distribution of the radiating patch can be controlled by adjusting the excitation phase on the feed component. For example, under equal amplitude and in-phase excitation, the electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed at the center of the radiating patch, forming vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation; under differential phase excitation, the electromagnetic fields are superimposed along ±45° directions, forming horizontally polarized directional radiation; under 90° phase difference excitation, the electromagnetic fields synthesize a rotating electric vector, forming circularly polarized radiation. This allows for multi-polarization over a wide operating frequency band, while effectively improving anti-interference capabilities. In addition, this multi-polarized indoor antenna possesses the advantages of miniaturization and ease of integration. It solves the problem in related technologies where a single indoor antenna cannot simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0025] Figure 1 An exploded view of the multi-polarization indoor antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of a multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 5 Return loss diagram of the multi-polarization indoor antenna provided in this application embodiment when operating in vertical linear polarization / ±45° horizontal linear polarization / left-hand circular polarization / right-hand circular polarization modes;

[0030] Figure 6 Gain diagrams and axial ratio diagrams for the multi-polarization indoor antenna provided in this application embodiment when operating in vertical linear polarization / ±45° horizontal linear polarization / left-hand circular polarization / right-hand circular polarization modes;

[0031] Figure 7 Radiation patterns of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz in the horizontal plane when operating in vertical linear polarization mode;

[0032] Figure 8 The radiation patterns of the vertical plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application when it operates in vertical linear polarization mode at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0033] Figure 9 The radiation patterns of the H-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application, when operating in a 45° horizontal linear polarization mode, at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0034] Figure 10 The radiation patterns of the E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application, when operating in a 45° horizontal linear polarization mode, at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0035] Figure 11 The radiation patterns of the H-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz when operating in a -45° horizontal linear polarization mode;

[0036] Figure 12 The radiation patterns of the E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz when operating in a -45° horizontal linear polarization mode;

[0037] Figure 13 The radiation patterns of the H-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application when it operates in left-hand circular polarization mode at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0038] Figure 14 The radiation patterns of the E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application, when operating in left-hand circular polarization mode, at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0039] Figure 15 The radiation patterns of the H-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application, when operating in right-hand circular polarization mode, at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz;

[0040] Figure 16 The radiation patterns of the E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna provided in this application embodiment when it operates in right-hand circular polarization mode at 3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 100 - Grounding component;

[0043] 200-Dielectric element;

[0044] 300 - Radiation patch; 310 - Center through hole;

[0045] 400 - First coupling patch; 410 - Coupling patch one; 420 - Coupling patch two; 430 - Coupling patch three; 440 - Coupling patch four;

[0046] 500 - Power supply component; 510 - Power supply port; 511 - Power supply port one; 512 - Power supply port two; 513 - Power supply port three; 514 - Power supply port four; 520 - Probe; 521 - Probe one; 522 - Probe two; 523 - Probe three; 524 - Probe four;

[0047] 600 - Second coupling patch;

[0048] 700 - Metal column;

[0049] 800-Air layer.

[0050] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0051] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0052] In related technologies, indoor distributed antennas are radio frequency radiation / receiving units specifically designed for indoor wireless communication coverage. They belong to the end of an indoor distribution system and are responsible for uniformly and efficiently radiating the radio frequency signals of the signal source to indoor scenarios such as buildings, shopping malls, subways, parking lots, and elevators, while simultaneously receiving uplink signals from terminals.

[0053] Indoor distributed antenna systems often employ microstrip patch antennas or dielectric resonator antennas. Microstrip patch antennas offer advantages such as compact structure and miniaturization; dielectric resonator antennas utilize the high dielectric constant of dielectric materials, combined with fluid tuning or mechanical structures, to achieve wide operating bandwidth and polarization reconfigurability.

[0054] However, microstrip patch antennas have drawbacks such as a single polarization mode and a narrow operating bandwidth, while dielectric resonator antennas usually have a large three-dimensional structure, which is not conducive to miniaturization design. As a result, it is difficult for a single indoor distributed antenna to simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multiple polarization and miniaturization performance, resulting in poor performance of indoor distributed antennas.

[0055] Based on this, this application provides a multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna, including: a grounding element; a dielectric element; a radiating patch, with the radiating patch and the grounding element respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element; multiple first coupling patches, each of which is coupled to the radiating patch; multiple feed elements, each of which is disposed on the grounding element and connected to each of the first coupling patches for feeding power to the first coupling patches; a second coupling patch, which is coupled to the radiating patch; and a metal post, which is connected to the grounding element and the second coupling patch. Thus, during operation, power can be fed to the first coupling patch through the feed elements, and then the first coupling patch electromagnetically couples to the radiating patch, forming an electromagnetic field that radiates outwards. Furthermore, the metal post can provide DC ground and RF ground for the second coupling patch, and then the second coupling patch electromagnetically couples to the radiating patch, introducing additional resonant modes and expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth. Furthermore, the electromagnetic field distribution of the radiating patch can be controlled by adjusting the excitation phase on the feed component. For example, under equal amplitude and in-phase excitation, the electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed at the center of the radiating patch, forming vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation; under differential phase excitation, the electromagnetic fields are superimposed along ±45° directions, forming horizontally polarized directional radiation; under 90° phase difference excitation, the electromagnetic fields synthesize a rotating electric vector, forming circularly polarized radiation. This allows for multi-polarization over a wide operating frequency band, while effectively improving anti-interference capabilities. In addition, this multi-polarized indoor antenna possesses the advantages of miniaturization and ease of integration. It solves the problem in related technologies where a single indoor antenna cannot simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance.

[0056] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna includes:

[0058] Grounding component 100;

[0059] Medium Component 200;

[0060] The radiating patch 300 and the grounding element 100 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element 200;

[0061] Multiple first coupling patches 400, each of which is coupled to the radiating patch 300;

[0062] Multiple power supply components 500 are disposed on the grounding component 100, and each power supply component 500 is connected to each first coupling patch 400 for power supply to the first coupling patch 400.

[0063] The second coupling patch 600 is coupled to the radiating patch 300.

[0064] Metal post 700 is connected to grounding component 100 and second coupling patch 600.

[0065] During operation, the first coupling patch 400 is fed by the power supply component 500, and then the first coupling patch 400 electromagnetically couples with the radiating patch 300, which in turn generates an electromagnetic field that radiates outwards. Secondly, the metal pillar 700 provides DC ground and RF ground to the second coupling patch 600, controlling the resonant frequency and ensuring antenna polarization purity and port isolation. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic coupling between the second coupling patch 600 and the radiating patch 300 introduces additional resonant modes, expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth and improving its multi-polarization radiation characteristics.

[0066] During this process, the electromagnetic field distribution of the radiating patch 300 can be controlled by adjusting the excitation phase on the feed component 500. For example, under equal amplitude and in-phase excitation, the electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed at the center of the radiating patch 300, forming vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation; under differential phase excitation, the electromagnetic fields are superimposed along ±45° directions, forming horizontally polarized directional radiation; under 90° phase difference excitation, the electromagnetic fields synthesize a rotating electric vector, forming circularly polarized radiation. This allows for multi-polarization within a wide operating frequency band, while effectively improving anti-interference capabilities. Furthermore, this multi-polarized indoor antenna possesses the advantages of miniaturization and ease of integration. It solves the problem in related technologies where a single indoor antenna cannot simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance.

[0067] It should be noted that the grounding element 100, serving as the ground plane for the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna, provides a stable potential reference and shapes the antenna's radiation pattern through the mirror effect, suppressing back radiation to reduce interference. It also provides necessary electrical grounding and mechanical support for the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna. The grounding element 100 is made of highly conductive materials (such as copper or aluminum), and its shape can be determined according to actual needs (such as the antenna's operating frequency, target radiation pattern, installation space, and manufacturing process), for example, it can be square, circular, or polygonal.

[0068] The dielectric element 200 can be mounted on the upper surface of the grounding element 100 by bonding, welding, or other methods. Furthermore, the dielectric element 200 can be a high-dielectric-constant dielectric element. Its high relative permittivity effectively reduces the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the medium, thereby significantly reducing its physical size when the antenna resonates at the same frequency, achieving antenna miniaturization. Simultaneously, it helps to excite more effective electromagnetic radiation, typically simultaneously extending the antenna's operating bandwidth and increasing its gain. To adapt to different structural layouts and performance requirements, the dielectric element 200 can be designed in various geometric shapes such as cubes, cylinders, cuboids, or polygonal prisms. In terms of material selection, the ideal dielectric should possess both high dielectric constant and low loss tangent to minimize dielectric loss. Commonly used materials include glass, ceramics, and polymer-based composite materials. For example, the dielectric element 200 in this embodiment can be K9 optical glass with a relative permittivity of approximately 5.9. This allows the dielectric element 200 to increase the effective dielectric constant of the multi-polarized indoor antenna and reduce the resonant frequency of higher-order modes, thereby achieving a broadband miniaturized design.

[0069] The radiating patch 300 can be attached to the upper surface of the dielectric component 200 by pasting, soldering, or other means to serve as the core radiator of the antenna. In other words, the main function of the radiating patch 300 is to convert the radio frequency signal energy injected by the feed network into spatial electromagnetic waves and achieve effective radiation. The radiating patch 300 is typically made of low-resistivity metal materials such as copper or aluminum to ensure high radiation efficiency and good conductivity. The geometry of the radiating patch 300 can be square, circular, annular, or polygonal, etc. This embodiment does not limit its specific shape to provide design flexibility for different performance optimization objectives.

[0070] The metal post 700 can be cylindrical, prismatic, or other shapes. The shape of the second coupling patch 600 can be square, circular, or polygonal, depending on actual needs, and the width (or diameter) of the metal post 700 can be smaller than the width (or diameter) of the second coupling patch 600. In implementation, one end of the metal post 700 can be connected to the grounding component 100 by welding, bonding, integral molding, or other methods, and the other end can be connected to the second coupling patch 600 by welding, bonding, or other methods (electrical contact).

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, multiple first coupling patches 400 are disposed on the side of the radiating patch 300 away from the dielectric 200, and each first coupling patch 400 is spaced apart from the radiating patch 300. Multiple power supply components 500 pass through the dielectric 200 and the radiating patch 300 and are respectively connected to the multiple first coupling patches 400.

[0072] In this embodiment, multiple first coupling patches 400 are disposed above the radiating patch 300 (equivalent to the side facing away from the dielectric 200), and each first coupling patch 400 is spaced apart from the radiating patch 300, that is, the first coupling patch 400 and the radiating patch 300 are electrically isolated. The shape of the first coupling patch 400 can be set to square, circular or polygonal, etc., according to actual needs.

[0073] Therefore, the first coupling patch 400 and the radiating patch 300 can achieve efficient energy transfer by generating electromagnetic coupling (specifically capacitive coupling) in the near field. At the same time, reducing the lateral space occupied by the first coupling patch 400 facilitates the miniaturization design of the antenna.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the power supply 500 may include a power supply port 510 and a probe 520 connected to each other. The power supply port 510 is disposed on the side of the grounding member 100 facing away from the dielectric member 200. The probe 520 passes through the grounding member 100, the dielectric member 200 and the radiating patch 300 and is connected to the first coupling patch 400.

[0075] In this embodiment, the power supply port 510 and the probe 520 can be connected to each other by integral molding, welding, sleeve connection or other methods. The power supply port 510 can be disposed on the lower surface of the grounding member 100 by welding, bonding or other methods, and the probe 520 can be connected to the first coupling patch 400 by pasting, welding or other methods. The power supply port 510 and the probe 520 can be made of conductive materials such as copper and aluminum.

[0076] Therefore, an electrical signal can be input (i.e., power supply) through the power supply port 510, and then power can be supplied to the first coupling patch 400 through the probe 520.

[0077] In other embodiments, the power supply 500 may also be configured as a microstrip line or other device.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the second coupling patch 600 is disposed on the side of the radiating patch 300 away from the dielectric element 200, and the second coupling patch 600 and the radiating patch 300 are spaced apart. The metal post 700 penetrates the dielectric element 200 and the radiating patch 300 and is connected to the grounding element 100 and the second coupling patch 600.

[0079] At this time, the end of the metal post 700 away from the grounding component 100 passes through the dielectric component 200 and the radiation patch 300 in sequence and connects to the second coupling patch 600.

[0080] Thus, by spacing the second coupling patch 600 and the radiating patch 300 apart, non-contact electromagnetic coupling between them is achieved, introducing an additional resonant mode to expand the antenna bandwidth, while avoiding DC short circuits, improving polarization isolation and structural stability, and providing flexible design freedom for antenna performance adjustment.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of first coupling patches 400 are evenly spaced around the metal pillar 700.

[0082] In this embodiment, the grounding element 100 and the radiating patch 300 are both circular, and the dielectric element 200 and the metal pillar 700 are both cylindrical. Furthermore, the grounding element 100, the dielectric element 200, the radiating patch 300, and the metal pillar 700 are coaxially arranged. This ensures that the antenna possesses rotationally symmetrical electromagnetic characteristics, guarantees the orthogonality and isolation of multi-polarized radiation, improves horizontal coverage uniformity, and enhances antenna performance stability.

[0083] In this embodiment, both the first coupling patch 400 and the second coupling patch 600 are circular, and the plurality of first coupling patches 400 are evenly spaced around the metal pillar 700. The second coupling patch 600 is also coaxial with the metal pillar 700, meaning that the plurality of first coupling patches 400 are also evenly spaced around the second coupling patch 600, and the first coupling patches 400 and the second coupling patches 600 are also spaced apart.

[0084] This allows the antenna to possess better rotationally symmetric electromagnetic characteristics, ensuring the orthogonality and isolation of multipolarized radiation.

[0085] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, an air layer 800 is formed between the radiating patch 300 and the grounding member 100, and the air layer 800 is located outside the dielectric member 200.

[0086] In this embodiment, the diameters of the grounding element 100 and the radiating patch 300 are both larger than the diameter of the dielectric element 200, so that the area of ​​the projection of the dielectric element 200 onto the radiating patch 300 is smaller than the area of ​​the radiating patch 300. Similarly, the area of ​​the projection of the dielectric element 200 onto the grounding element 100 is smaller than the area of ​​the grounding element 100. This results in the radiating patch 300 and the grounding element 100 jointly defining an annular air layer 800, and the air layer 800 is located outside the dielectric element 200.

[0087] Therefore, a wide operating bandwidth antenna can be achieved through a structure combining dielectric 200 (high dielectric constant) and air layer 800 (i.e., hybrid dielectric). Dielectric 200 can significantly reduce the resonant frequency of the antenna's higher-order modes, while the air layer 800, with a dielectric constant close to 1, has minimal impact on the resonant frequency of the fundamental mode. Through this design, the resonant frequencies of the fundamental mode and higher-order modes are brought closer together, thereby effectively expanding the antenna's impedance bandwidth and enabling it to operate stably over a wider frequency range.

[0088] In some embodiments, two first coupling patches 400 constitute a patch group, and at least two patch groups are provided, with the two first coupling patches 400 in the same group located on opposite sides of the metal pillar 700.

[0089] In this embodiment, two sets of patch groups are provided. The two first coupling patches 400 in the two sets of patch groups are located on opposite sides of the metal pillar 700, and the four first coupling patches 400 are also evenly distributed around the metal pillar 700.

[0090] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the four first coupling patches 400 can be configured as coupling patch one 410, coupling patch two 420, coupling patch three 430, and coupling patch four 440, respectively. Coupling patch one 410 and coupling patch two 420 form one patch group, and coupling patch three 430 and coupling patch four 440 form another patch group. Furthermore, the coupling patches are arranged sequentially around the metal pillar 700 as coupling patch one 410, coupling patch three 430, coupling patch two 420, and coupling patch four 440.

[0091] Correspondingly, four power supply components 500 are also provided, and the four power supply components 500 are connected one-to-one with coupling patch 410, coupling patch 420, coupling patch 430 and coupling patch 440 respectively. Power is supplied to coupling patch 410, coupling patch 420, coupling patch 430 or coupling patch 440 through the power supply components 500.

[0092] Specifically, the power supply ports 510 and probes 520 of the four power supply components 500 can be configured as power supply port one 511 and probe one 521, power supply port two 512 and probe two 522, power supply port three 513 and probe three 523, and power supply port four 514 and probe four 524, respectively. Among them, probe one 521, probe two 522, probe three 523 and probe four 524 are respectively connected to coupling patch one 410, coupling patch two 420, coupling patch three 430 and coupling patch four 440.

[0093] Therefore, when equal-amplitude and in-phase radio frequency excitation signals are simultaneously applied to feed port 1 511, feed port 2 512, feed port 3 513 and feed port 4 514, stable vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation can be achieved.

[0094] It should be noted that probe 521 and probe 522 are symmetrically arranged relative to the metal pillar 700, forming a differential feed pair. When an equal-amplitude, out-of-phase (i.e., 180° out of phase) radio frequency excitation signal is applied to feed port 511 and feed port 512, stable 45° horizontal linear polarization directional radiation can be achieved.

[0095] The core advantage of this feeding method lies in its inherent common-mode rejection capability, which can significantly improve the antenna's common-mode rejection ratio, thereby effectively purifying the radiated signal and enhancing anti-interference performance. Simultaneously, differential feeding optimizes the current distribution in the antenna's near field, achieving a smoother impedance transition. This not only improves impedance matching but also effectively reduces reflection loss over a wide bandwidth, thus extending the antenna's operating bandwidth. Similarly, when differential RF excitation signals with equal amplitude and a 180° phase difference are applied to feed port 3 (513) and feed port 4 (514), stable -45° horizontally polarized directional radiation can be achieved.

[0096] Furthermore, to achieve stable circularly polarized directional radiation, this embodiment employs the classic sequential rotating feed technique. When radio frequency excitation signals of equal amplitude and phase lag of 90° (i.e., 0°, -90°, -180°, -270° or equivalently 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) are sequentially applied to feed ports 511, 513, 512, and 514, which are arranged symmetrically in a circle, the electromagnetic fields excited by the four probes 520 synthesize in space into an electric field vector with constant amplitude and a sinusoidal, uniformly rotating direction over time. This vector projects as a circle on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, thus generating a left-handed circularly polarized wave. Conversely, when the excitation phase sequence is reversed (i.e., the phases lead by 90° sequentially), the rotation direction of the electric field vector is reversed accordingly, generating a right-handed circularly polarized wave. This method combines the spatial orthogonality of the symmetrical structure with the temporal orthogonality of the feed phase, which can maintain the amplitude balance and phase orthogonality of the two polarization components in a wide frequency band. Therefore, it can obtain stable circularly polarized radiation with excellent axial ratio characteristics in a wide frequency band.

[0097] Therefore, when radio frequency excitation signals of equal amplitude and 90° phase difference are sequentially applied to feed port 1 (511), feed port 3 (513), feed port 2 (512), and feed port 4 (514), stable left-hand circularly polarized directional radiation can be achieved. When radio frequency excitation signals of equal amplitude and -90° phase difference are sequentially applied to feed port 1 (511), feed port 3 (513), feed port 2 (512), and feed port 4 (514), stable right-hand circularly polarized directional radiation can be achieved.

[0098] For example, the feeding method of connecting probe 521 to coupling patch 410 with a 0° relative phase, connecting probe 522 to coupling patch 420 with a 0° relative phase, connecting probe 523 to coupling patch 430 with a 0° relative phase, and connecting probe 524 to coupling patch 440 with a 0° relative phase can excite the radiating patch to achieve stable vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation.

[0099] A stable 45° horizontally polarized directional radiation can be achieved by feeding probe 521 to coupling patch 410 with a 0° relative phase and probe 522 to coupling patch 420 with a 180° relative phase. A stable -45° horizontally polarized directional radiation can be achieved by feeding probe 523 to coupling patch 430 with a 0° relative phase and probe 524 to coupling patch 440 with a 180° relative phase.

[0100] By using a feeding method that connects probe 521 to coupling patch 410 with a 0° relative phase, probe 522 to coupling patch 420 with a 180° relative phase, probe 523 to coupling patch 430 with a 270° relative phase, and probe 524 to coupling patch 440 with a 90° relative phase, the radiating patch can be excited to achieve stable left-handed circularly polarized directional radiation.

[0101] The feeding method, which connects probe 521 to coupling patch 410 with a 0° relative phase, probe 522 to coupling patch 420 with a 180° relative phase, probe 523 to coupling patch 430 with a 90° relative phase, and probe 524 to coupling patch 440 with a 270° relative phase, can excite the radiation patch to achieve stable right-hand circularly polarized directional radiation.

[0102] In other words, four cross-shaped symmetrically placed feed ports 510 with equal amplitude and in-phase excitation radiation patches 300 are connected to the second coupling patch 600 and the grounding component 100 via metal pillars 700, thus forming an effective impedance matching network. This structure can provide more stable and wider impedance transformation at multiple resonant mode frequencies, thereby achieving excellent impedance matching characteristics across the entire operating frequency band.

[0103] Furthermore, this embodiment, based on the multiplexing of four feed ports 510, integrates a unique excitation mode, successfully achieving dynamic reconfiguration of five polarization modes (including three linear polarizations and two circular polarizations). This not only increases the diversity of antenna polarization states, but also, by effectively exciting different radiation modes, synergistically expands the antenna's operating bandwidth, ultimately ensuring more efficient and reliable signal transmission and reception capabilities in complex communication environments.

[0104] By independently controlling the excitation state of each feed port 510, this multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna can dynamically switch its polarization (including various linear and circular polarizations) and radiation pattern (directional and omnidirectional) across a wide bandwidth. This unique polarization and mode diversity capability enables it to proactively adapt to complex and ever-changing communication channels. In scenarios with severe polarization mismatch, the antenna can switch polarization states to match the received signal, thereby significantly reducing signal fading and improving channel capacity and link reliability. Simultaneously, its reconfigurable radiation direction ensures optimal communication quality in both directional applications requiring high-gain fixed-point transmission and omnidirectional scenarios requiring wide-area uniform coverage, fundamentally enhancing the robustness and performance ceiling of the entire communication system.

[0105] In other embodiments, the number of patch groups can be set to other quantities, such as three groups, four groups, etc., or it can be set to one group. It is understood that the number of power supply components 500 can be set according to the number of first coupling patches 400.

[0106] It should be noted that the radiating patch 300 is provided with a central through hole 310, and the metal pillar 700 passes through the radiating patch 300 through the central through hole 310, and the metal pillar 700 and the edge of the central through hole 310 are spaced apart.

[0107] The probe 520 is spaced apart from the grounding component 100, the dielectric component 200, and the radiating patch 300.

[0108] Therefore, the metal post 700 can be prevented from contacting the radiating patch 300 through the central through hole 310, while the probes 520 are also prevented from contacting the grounding component 100, the dielectric component 200 and the radiating patch 300, thereby ensuring the stability and performance of the antenna.

[0109] In implementation, the probe 520 is spaced apart from the grounding element 100, the dielectric element 200, and the radiating patch 300. For example, through holes for the probe 520 to pass through can be formed on the grounding element 100, the dielectric element 200, and the radiating patch 300, with the diameter of each through hole being larger than the diameter of the probe 520. Furthermore, in implementation, the diameter (or maximum diagonal) of the second coupling patch 600 can be smaller than the diameter of the central through hole 310.

[0110] In summary, this multi-polarized indoor antenna has advantages such as wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, low profile design, small size, low cost, light weight, and easy integration, and can be widely used in mobile communication, satellite communication, radar systems and other fields.

[0111] For example, multi-polarized indoor distributed antennas (DDAs) can serve as high-performance indoor distributed system units, deployed in complex indoor environments such as large shopping malls, smart office buildings, and transportation hubs. By dynamically switching between vertical, horizontal, and circular polarization modes, multi-polarized DDAs can effectively adapt to the polarization characteristics of different user devices, significantly suppressing signal fading in multipath environments, thereby improving channel capacity and communication quality for indoor 5G mobile communication and future systems. Simultaneously, the reconfigurable beam pointing capability of multi-polarized DDAs allows a single antenna to achieve on-demand switching between wide coverage and high-gain directional transmission modes. In IoT scenarios such as AGV scheduling in smart factories and robot communication in warehousing and logistics, multi-polarized DDAs can provide stable tracking services for mobile terminals, enhancing link reliability. Furthermore, multi-polarized DDAs also demonstrate significant potential in indoor positioning and sensing. For instance, in scenarios such as museums and hospitals, by utilizing their multi-polarization characteristics for precise channel state sensing, accurate target positioning and activity recognition can be achieved, providing underlying technical support for applications such as smart security and smart healthcare.

[0112] In summary, the multi-polarization indoor distributed antenna provided in this application, during operation, can feed the first coupling patch 400 through the feed component 500, and then the first coupling patch 400 electromagnetically couples with the radiating patch 300, which in turn generates an electromagnetic field for external radiation. Secondly, the metal pillar 700 can provide DC ground and RF ground for the second coupling patch 600, controlling the resonant frequency and ensuring antenna polarization purity and port isolation. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic coupling between the second coupling patch 600 and the radiating patch 300 introduces additional resonant modes, expanding the antenna's operating bandwidth. During this process, the electromagnetic field distribution of the radiating patch 300 can be controlled by adjusting the excitation phase on the feed component 500. For example, under equal amplitude and in-phase excitation, the electromagnetic field is symmetrically distributed at the center of the radiating patch 300, forming vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation; under differential phase excitation, the electromagnetic fields are superimposed along ±45° directions, forming horizontally polarized directional radiation; under 90° phase difference excitation, the electromagnetic fields synthesize a rotating electric vector, forming circularly polarized radiation. This allows for multi-polarization within a wide operating frequency band, while effectively improving anti-interference capabilities. Furthermore, this multi-polarized indoor antenna possesses the advantages of miniaturization and ease of integration. It solves the problem in related technologies where a single indoor antenna cannot simultaneously possess wide bandwidth, multi-polarization, and miniaturization performance.

[0113] The following detailed explanation uses a specific example, taking a multi-polarized indoor antenna with an overlap impedance bandwidth of 3.55-4.79 GHz as an example for testing:

[0114] In this embodiment, the grounding component 100, the first coupling patch 400, the radiating patch 300, and the second coupling patch 600 are circular, while the dielectric component 200 is cylindrical. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the dimensions of the multi-polarized indoor antenna are as follows: the radius of the grounding component 100 is Rg = 65 mm, the radius of the dielectric component 200 is Rz = 13 mm, the radius of the radiating patch 300 is Rs = 23 mm, and the radius of the metal pillar 700 is Rh = 2 mm. The radii of probes 521, 522, 523, and 524 are Rn = 0.65 mm, the radius of coupling patch 410 is Rt1 = 2.4 mm, and the radii of coupling patches 420, 430, 440, and the second coupling patch 600 are Rt2 = 2.2 mm. The inner diameter of the central through-hole 310 is 2×Rp1=11mm. The inner diameter of the through-hole on the radiating patch 300 through which the probe 520 passes is 2×Rp2=4.4mm. The inner diameter of the through-hole on the grounding component 100 through which the probe 520 passes is 2×Rg2=1.6mm. The inner diameter of the through-hole on the dielectric component 200 through which the metal pillar 700 passes is 2×Rh=4mm. The inner diameter of the through-hole on the dielectric component 200 through which the probe 520 passes is 2×Rg2=1.6mm. The height of the dielectric component 200 and the height of the air layer 800 are Hz=9mm. The height of probes 521, 522, 523, and 524 is 9.252mm. The distance Ds between the centers of the metal pillar 700 and probe 521 is 12mm.

[0115] like Figure 5 As shown, the return loss diagram illustrates the antenna's matching performance within this frequency range. A lower return loss value indicates better matching between the antenna and the transmission line, meaning more signal energy is transmitted to the antenna and less is reflected. The multi-polarized indoor antenna exhibits a 44.6% impedance bandwidth in vertical linear polarization mode (3.05-4.80 GHz); a 30.8% impedance bandwidth in 45° horizontal linear polarization mode (3.52-4.80 GHz); a 29.7% impedance bandwidth in -45° horizontal linear polarization mode (3.55-4.79 GHz); a 31.3% impedance bandwidth in left-hand circular polarization mode (3.50-4.80 GHz); and a 32.5% impedance bandwidth in right-hand circular polarization mode (3.45-4.79 GHz). This indicates that the multi-polarization indoor antenna provided in this embodiment can achieve good and consistent impedance matching in all five reconfigurable polarization states.

[0116] like Figure 6As shown, the multi-polarized indoor antenna operates in the 3.55-4.79 GHz band with a gain of 5.42 ± 0.25 dBi in vertical linear polarization mode, 11.25 ± 0.25 dBi in 45° horizontal linear polarization mode, 11.18 ± 0.30 dBi in -45° horizontal linear polarization mode, 11.21 ± 0.23 dBic in left-hand circular polarization mode, and 11.22 ± 0.23 dBic in right-hand circular polarization mode. Furthermore, the axial ratio of the multi-polarized indoor antenna in the 3.55-4.79 GHz band operating in both left-hand and right-hand circular polarization modes is less than 0.5 dB. The multi-polarized indoor antenna of this application achieves high gain and minimal fluctuation over a wide bandwidth, and can flexibly and reliably switch between wide-area omnidirectional coverage and high-capacity directional transmission according to coverage requirements, thereby meeting the diverse and high-standard requirements for antenna performance in complex heterogeneous networks.

[0117] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the radiation patterns of the multi-polarized indoor antenna in vertical linear polarization mode at different frequencies (3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz) are displayed in both the horizontal and vertical planes. This demonstrates stable omnidirectional radiation characteristics at different operating frequencies, with a non-circularity of less than 0.2 dB, exhibiting excellent azimuth coverage uniformity. In the radiation patterns, the X-pol curve represents the cross-polarization level, and the Co-pol curve represents the primary polarization level. When the multi-polarized indoor antenna operates in vertical linear polarization mode, the cross-polarization level is less than -35 dB, significantly lower than the primary polarization level (Co-pol), reflecting extremely high polarization purity and isolation, which helps reduce co-channel interference and improve channel quality.

[0118] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the radiation patterns of the H-plane and E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna in 45° horizontal linear polarization mode at different frequencies (3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.6 GHz) are displayed, demonstrating stable directional radiation characteristics at different operating frequencies, and the cross-polarization level is less than -40 dB.

[0119] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the radiation patterns of the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna in the H-plane and E-plane of the -45° horizontal linear polarization mode at different frequencies (3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz) are displayed. This demonstrates stable directional radiation characteristics at different operating frequencies, with cross-polarization levels less than -40 dB. This indicates that the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna can effectively suppress orthogonal polarization components in directional communication, ensuring polarization matching efficiency between signal transmission and reception, and is suitable for high-capacity point-to-point transmission or sector coverage scenarios.

[0120] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the radiation patterns of the H-plane and E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor antenna in left-hand circular polarization mode at different frequencies (3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, 4.6 GHz) are displayed, demonstrating stable directional radiation characteristics at different operating frequencies, and the cross-polarization level in the direction of maximum radiation is less than -40 dB.

[0121] like Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the radiation patterns of the H-plane and E-plane of the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna in right-hand circular polarization mode at different frequencies (3.8 GHz, 4.2 GHz, and 4.6 GHz) are displayed, demonstrating stable directional radiation characteristics at different operating frequencies, with a cross-polarization level of less than -40 dB in the direction of maximum radiation. This indicates that the multi-polarized indoor distributed antenna has high polarization purity in circular polarization, effectively addressing signal fluctuations caused by polarization mismatch, making it highly suitable for dynamic multipath environments such as satellite signal reception and indoor mobile terminal connections.

[0122] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna, characterized in that, include: Grounding component (100); Medium element (200); A radiating patch (300) and a grounding element (100) are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the dielectric element (200); Multiple first coupling patches (400), each of the first coupling patches (400) is coupled to the radiation patch (300); Multiple power supply components (500) are disposed on the grounding component (100), and each power supply component (500) is connected to each of the first coupling patches (400) for power supply to the first coupling patches (400); The second coupling patch (600) is coupled to the radiation patch (300); A metal post (700) is connected to the grounding element (100) and the second coupling patch (600).

2. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first coupling patches (400) are disposed on the side of the radiating patch (300) away from the dielectric element (200), and each first coupling patch (400) is spaced apart from the radiating patch (300). Multiple power supply elements (500) pass through the dielectric element (200) and the radiating patch (300) and are respectively connected to the multiple first coupling patches (400).

3. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second coupling patch (600) is disposed on the side of the radiating patch (300) away from the dielectric element (200), and the second coupling patch (600) and the radiating patch (300) are spaced apart. The metal post (700) passes through the dielectric element (200) and the radiating patch (300) and is connected to the grounding element (100) and the second coupling patch (600).

4. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first coupling patches (400) are evenly spaced around the metal pillar (700).

5. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The grounding element (100) and the radiating patch (300) are both circular, the dielectric element (200) and the metal pillar (700) are both cylindrical, and the grounding element (100), the dielectric element (200), the radiating patch (300) and the metal pillar (700) are coaxially arranged.

6. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Two first coupling patches (400) form a patch group, and at least two patch groups are provided. The two first coupling patches (400) in the same group are located on opposite sides of the metal pillar (700).

7. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The radiating patch (300) is provided with a central through hole (310), and the metal pillar (700) passes through the radiating patch (300) through the central through hole (310), and the metal pillar (700) is spaced apart from the edge of the central through hole (310).

8. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The power supply component (500) includes a power supply port (510) and a probe (520) connected to each other. The power supply port (510) is disposed on the side of the grounding component (100) facing away from the dielectric component (200). The probe (520) passes through the grounding component (100), the dielectric component (200) and the radiating patch (300) and is connected to the first coupling patch (400).

9. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The probe (520) is spaced apart from the grounding element (100), the dielectric element (200), and the radiation patch (300).

10. The multi-polarization indoor distribution antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, An air layer (800) is formed between the radiating patch (300) and the grounding element (100), and the air layer (800) is located on the outside of the dielectric element (200).

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