Communication method, apparatus, program product, and storage medium

Abstract

This invention provides a communication method, apparatus, program product, and storage medium, relating to the field of communication technology, to address the shortcomings of high system overhead in existing technologies. The method includes: receiving information from at least one serving terminal, the information of which includes the location information and receiving antenna gain of the serving terminal; receiving first information, the first information including information from at least one interfering terminal of a neighboring satellite, the information of which includes the location information and receiving antenna gain of the interfering terminal; generating precoding vectors corresponding to each serving terminal based on the satellite information, the information of the at least one serving terminal, and the first information; and transmitting signals to the corresponding serving terminals based on the precoding vectors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, apparatus, program product, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In satellite communication networks, severe inter-satellite co-channel interference exists when satellites use the same frequency for networking, resulting in low system spectral efficiency. Therefore, satellites can effectively reduce co-channel interference by implementing downlink precoding to communicate with terminals, thereby significantly improving the terminal's received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SNR).

[0003] Currently, during the generation of downlink precoding, satellites need to obtain channel state information from the terminal. Obtaining channel state information involves processes such as measurement reference signals and channel state information feedback, requiring frequent signaling interactions and resulting in significant system overhead. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a communication method, apparatus, program product, and storage medium to address the shortcomings of high system overhead in the prior art.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a communication method applied to a satellite, the method comprising: receiving information from at least one serving terminal, the information of the serving terminal including the location information and receiving antenna gain of the serving terminal; receiving first information, the first information including information from at least one interfering terminal of a neighboring satellite, the information of the interfering terminal including the location information, receiving antenna gain and time-frequency resource scheduling information of the interfering terminal; generating precoding vectors corresponding to each serving terminal based on the satellite information, the information of at least one serving terminal and the first information; and sending signals to each corresponding serving terminal based on each precoding vector.

[0006] In some embodiments, the satellite information includes: satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, and satellite transmit antenna gain; based on the satellite information, at least one service terminal information, and the first information, generating precoding vectors corresponding to at least one service terminal, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, the array response vectors of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side are determined. The array response vector of a terminal is used to indicate the antenna array response information of the satellite in the direction of the terminal. Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the location information of at least one serving terminal, and the location information of at least one interfering terminal, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined. The precoding vector of each service terminal is determined based on the array response vector on the satellite side corresponding to at least one service terminal and at least one jamming terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to at least one service terminal and at least one jamming terminal.

[0007] In some embodiments, based on satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, location information of at least one serving terminal, and location information of at least one interfering terminal, the array response vector of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal on the satellite side is determined, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, determine the departure angle of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array. Based on the departure angles of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, and the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the direction cosines of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined; the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information. Based on the direction cosines of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the array response vector of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side is determined.

[0008] In some embodiments, the average channel power of each service terminal and each interference terminal is determined based on satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, satellite transmit antenna gain, receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, location information of at least one serving terminal, and location information of at least one interfering terminal, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, the transmission distance between each service terminal and the satellite and the transmission distance between each jamming terminal and the satellite are determined. Based on the total number of array elements of the satellite's antenna array, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the transmission distance between each serving terminal and the satellite, the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite, and the path loss model, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined; the total number of array elements of the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information.

[0009] In some embodiments, the precoding criteria for the precoded vector are one of the following: Statistical zero-forcing precoding criterion, statistical regularized zero-forcing precoding criterion, and statistical minimum mean square error precoding criterion.

[0010] In some embodiments, when an inter-satellite link is provided between a satellite and its neighboring satellites, the interference terminal information in the first information is sent from the neighboring satellite to the satellite. In the absence of an inter-satellite link between the satellite and its neighboring satellites, the interference terminal information in the first message is transmitted from the neighboring satellite to the satellite via a ground station.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a communication method applied to a service terminal, the method comprising: sending information of the service terminal to a satellite, the information of the service terminal including the location information of the service terminal and the gain of the receiving antenna; The system receives signals from satellites, which are transmitted based on precoded vectors corresponding to the service terminal. The precoded vectors corresponding to the service terminal are determined based on information from the satellite, information from at least one service terminal including the service terminal, and information from at least one interfering terminal.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a communication device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement any of the methods described above.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above.

[0015] In this invention, precoding vectors corresponding to at least one service terminal can be generated using satellite information, at least one service terminal information, and first information. Therefore, the satellite only needs to obtain the location information and receiving antenna gain of the service terminal, as well as the location information and receiving antenna gain of the interfering terminal. Compared with traditional technologies, which require obtaining channel state information from the terminal, this reduces the amount of information that needs to be obtained and lowers system overhead. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication architecture of a communication system provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow of a communication method provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a satellite precoding module provided in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a communication device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0019] The fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) introduced non-terrestrial networks (NTN) technology as an important supplement to terrestrial cellular communication technology in its New Radio (NR) interface. The first NTN standard supporting satellite mobile communication was released in 2022. Inter-beam and inter-satellite co-channel interference in satellite communication systems is a major factor affecting system performance. Traditional multi-beam satellite communication systems typically employ multi-color multiplexing schemes, which can reduce interference between adjacent beams, but have low spectrum resource reuse capabilities. To further utilize limited spectrum resources, multi-beam satellite communication can adopt a full frequency reuse (FFR) scheme, where all beams use the same frequency band, but this also introduces more significant inter-beam and inter-satellite co-channel interference. To meet the ever-increasing demand for high throughput, full frequency reuse schemes and precoding techniques are considered among the most critical technologies, effectively improving system transmission performance. In the standardization process of NTN, multi-beam multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can be used to further improve system throughput, including intra-satellite multi-beam MIMO and multi-satellite cooperative MIMO transmission. However, the long propagation delay in satellite communication causes the channel state information to become outdated, and the frequent channel feedback overhead is also unbearable. That is, there is a problem of large system overhead and high computational complexity required for precoded vector transmission.

[0020] Based on this, the present invention proposes a communication method, which is described in detail below: For example, such as Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of a communication architecture provided by the present invention, including satellite 101, neighboring satellites 102, service terminal 103, and interference terminal 104.

[0021] In this application, the serving terminal 103 is a terminal connected to satellite 101, and the jamming terminal 104 is a terminal connected to adjacent satellite 102. The number of serving terminals 103 and jamming terminals 104 can be one or more; this application does not limit this number. Figure 1 The number of terminals shown is for illustrative purposes only; there can be more in practice.

[0022] Alternatively, the terminal can also be referred to as the user.

[0023] Satellite 101 is used to receive information from at least one service terminal, the service terminal information including the service terminal's location information and receiving antenna gain; receive first information, the first information including information from at least one interfering terminal of a neighboring satellite, the interfering terminal information including the interfering terminal's location information, receiving antenna gain, and time-frequency resource scheduling information; based on the satellite information, the at least one service terminal information, and the first information, generate precoding vectors corresponding to each of the at least one service terminal; and transmit signals to the at least one service terminal based on the precoding vectors corresponding to each of the at least one service terminal.

[0024] Neighboring satellite 102 is used to transmit information from jamming terminal 104 to satellite 101. Optionally, neighboring satellite 102 can directly transmit information to satellite 101 via an inter-satellite link. Optionally, neighboring satellite 102 can transmit information to satellite 101 via a ground station. Figure 1 The communication architecture shown may also include a ground station, or a ground gateway station.

[0025] The service terminal 103 is used to send service terminal information to the satellite 101 or to receive signals from the satellite 101, the signals being transmitted based on the precoded vector corresponding to the terminal.

[0026] The jamming terminal 104 is used to send jamming terminal information to the neighboring satellite 102.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes: S201, Receive information from at least one serving terminal.

[0028] The information of the service terminal includes the location information of the service terminal and the gain of the receiving antenna.

[0029] S202. Receive first information, the first information including information of at least one interfering terminal of a neighboring satellite.

[0030] The information of the jamming terminal includes the location information of the jamming terminal, the receiving antenna gain, and the time and frequency resource scheduling information.

[0031] S203. Based on satellite information, at least one service terminal information, and first information, generate precoded vectors corresponding to each service terminal.

[0032] S204. Based on each precoded vector, send signals to the corresponding service terminals.

[0033] In this invention, precoding vectors corresponding to at least one service terminal can be generated using satellite information, at least one service terminal information, and first information. Therefore, the satellite only needs to obtain the location information and receiving antenna gain of the service terminal, as well as the location information and receiving antenna gain of the interfering terminal. Compared with traditional technologies, which require obtaining channel state information from the terminal, this reduces the amount of information that needs to be obtained and lowers system overhead.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the precoding vector corresponding to each service terminal can also be called a precoding matrix or precoding information.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the satellite weights the signals sent to each service terminal based on the precoded vectors corresponding to each service terminal.

[0036] In one possible implementation, after the information of at least one serving terminal and / or at least one interfering terminal changes, the satellite regenerates the precoding vector and sends signals to the serving terminal based on the new precoding vector.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the satellite generates and stores the precoded vector, and sends a signal to the service terminal based on the new precoded vector during the precoded vector update cycle.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the sum of the number of at least one serving terminal and at least one jamming terminal is equal to the number of downlink beams equipped on the satellite.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the serving terminal periodically sends its location information and receiving antenna gain to the satellite.

[0040] In some embodiments, the satellite information includes: satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, and satellite transmit antenna gain; based on the satellite information, at least one service terminal information, and the first information, generating precoding vectors corresponding to at least one service terminal, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, the array response vectors of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side are determined. The array response vector of a terminal is used to indicate the antenna array response information of the satellite in the direction of the terminal. Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the location information of at least one serving terminal, and the location information of at least one interfering terminal, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined. The precoding vector of each service terminal is determined based on the array response vector on the satellite side corresponding to at least one service terminal and at least one jamming terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to at least one service terminal and at least one jamming terminal.

[0041] It should be understood that the satellite's transmit antenna gain reflects its ability to transmit signals, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal reflects its ability to receive signals, and the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal reflects its ability to receive signals. The satellite's ephemeris information can be used to determine its position and velocity at any given time. The satellite's antenna array configuration information reflects the number of array elements used for signal transmission and their arrangement, such as the number of elements on the x-axis and y-axis. Therefore, based on the satellite's ephemeris information, antenna array configuration information, transmit antenna gain, receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, position information of at least one serving terminal, and position information of at least one interfering terminal, the average channel power reflecting the signal loss and received power level along the signal transmission path corresponding to each serving terminal and each interfering terminal can be determined.

[0042] In some embodiments, based on satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, location information of at least one serving terminal, and location information of at least one interfering terminal, the array response vector of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal on the satellite side is determined, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, determine the departure angle of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array. Based on the departure angles of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, and the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the direction cosines of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined; the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information. Based on the direction cosines of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the array response vector of each serving terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side is determined.

[0043] It should be understood that since satellite ephemeris information can be used to determine the satellite's position and velocity at any given time, the departure angles of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array can be determined based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the position information of at least one serving terminal, and the position information of at least one jamming terminal. Furthermore, the direction cosines of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array can be determined. The array response vectors of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side reflect the phase response characteristics of the satellite antenna array in the terminal direction. The direction cosines of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array reflect the projection of the terminal direction into the antenna array coordinate system; therefore, they can be determined using the direction cosines of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array.

[0044] In some embodiments, based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one serving terminal, and the location information of at least one interfering terminal, the array response vectors of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal on the satellite side are determined, satisfying the following formula: ; in, Indicates satellite To the terminal The array response vector, terminal It is one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. This represents the array response vector in the satellite's antenna array. Components on the axis, This represents the array response vector in the satellite's antenna array. Components on the axis. and It can be used express, , for: ; in, , For downlink carrier wavelength, For the satellite's antenna array along The number of array elements along the axis, For antenna edge The spacing between axes, and Representing terminals respectively In the satellite's antenna array shaft and The direction cosine of the axis, and Representing terminals respectively In satellite antenna array shaft and The departure angle of the axis.

[0045] In one possible implementation, based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of at least one serving terminal, and the location information of at least one interfering terminal, the departure angles of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined. and This can be achieved in the following ways: The satellite's position and attitude are determined based on its ephemeris information. Based on the satellite's attitude, the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined. Based on the satellite's position, the position information of at least one serving terminal, and the position information of at least one interfering terminal, the coordinates of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal are determined in the coordinate system corresponding to the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array. Based on the coordinates of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal in the coordinate system corresponding to the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the departure angles of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are calculated. and .

[0046] In some embodiments, the average channel power of each service terminal and each interference terminal is determined based on satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, satellite transmit antenna gain, receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, location information of at least one serving terminal, and location information of at least one interfering terminal, including: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the location information of at least one service terminal, and the location information of at least one jamming terminal, the transmission distance between each service terminal and the satellite and the transmission distance between each jamming terminal and the satellite are determined. Based on the total number of array elements of the satellite's antenna array, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the transmission distance between each serving terminal and the satellite, the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite, and the path loss model, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined; the total number of array elements of the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information.

[0047] It should be understood that the total number of array elements in a satellite's antenna array reflects the number of elements the satellite can transmit signals from; the satellite's transmit antenna gain reflects its signal transmission capability; the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal reflects its signal reception capability; the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal reflects its signal reception capability; the transmission distance between each serving terminal and the satellite reflects the signal attenuation distance from the satellite to the serving terminal; the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite reflects the signal attenuation distance from the satellite to the interfering terminal; and the path loss model reflects the signal attenuation as distance increases during propagation. The average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal reflects the average level of received signal power when the signal reaches the terminal. Therefore, based on the total number of array elements in the satellite's antenna array, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the transmission distance between each serving terminal and the satellite, the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite, and the path loss model, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal can be determined.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the satellite's position information can be determined based on its ephemeris information. Based on the satellite's position information and the position information of at least one service terminal, the transmission distance between each service terminal and the satellite can be determined. Similarly, based on the satellite's position information and the position information of at least one interfering terminal, the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite can be determined.

[0049] In some embodiments, based on satellite ephemeris information, satellite antenna array configuration information, satellite transmit antenna gain, at least one serving terminal receive antenna gain, at least one interfering terminal receive antenna gain, at least one serving terminal location information, and at least one interfering terminal location information, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined, satisfying the following formula: ; in, For satellite to terminal The corresponding approximate value of average channel power, terminal It is one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For downlink carrier wavelength, This represents the total number of elements in the satellite's antenna array. For satellite transmit antenna gain, For the terminal The receiving antenna gain, For satellite With terminal The transmission distance between them.

[0050] It should be understood that the path loss model, or Fries's transmission formula, describes that the path loss of an electromagnetic wave propagating in free space is inversely proportional to the square of the propagation distance and directly proportional to the square of the carrier wavelength. In the formulas corresponding to the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal, It can be understood as the path loss factor in the path loss model.

[0051] It should be noted that the statistical channel state information is only related to the array response vector of each user on the satellite side. ( Downlink average channel power between satellite and user ( Related to this. In satellite communication systems, array response vectors and channel average power are closely related to the location information of the satellite and the terminal. Based on the location information reported by the user, the difficulty of obtaining sidelink channel state information (sCSI) can be significantly reduced.

[0052] For the array response vector, the satellite side calculates the angles of each user relative to the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite array antenna based on information such as the scheduled user's location, satellite position, and satellite attitude. And then through calculation and Obtain the direction cosine Therefore, it can be calculated that .

[0053] The average channel power can be obtained by the satellite side through downlink channel estimation and feedback for each user, but this increases the overhead of channel estimation and system feedback. The sCSI-based precoding method can calculate the required sCSI parameters without requiring users to feed back any CSI information, thus significantly reducing the system overhead of channel estimation and feedback.

[0054] In some embodiments, the precoding criteria for the precoded vector are one of the following: Statistical zero forcing (ZF) precoding criterion, statistical regularized zero forcing (RZF) precoding criterion, and statistical minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoding criterion.

[0055] In some embodiments, the precoding criterion for the precoded vector is the statistical zero-forcing precoding criterion; Based on the array response vectors corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to each of the at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, the precoding vectors corresponding to each of the at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal can be determined. Thus, when at least one precoding vector corresponding to each serving terminal is obtained that ensures the signal quality received by the serving terminal, the precoding vector of the interfering terminal can reduce the strength of signals that may originate from the satellite received by the interfering terminal, thereby reducing interference from satellite signals to the interfering terminal.

[0056] For example, based on the array response vectors corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, the precoding vectors corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal can be determined, satisfying the following formula: ; in, This indicates the terminal under the statistical zero-forcing precoding criterion. The precoded vector, For satellite The set of all serving terminals and interfering terminals on a certain scheduling time-frequency resource within the coverage area. This refers to the total number of service terminals, which is also the total number of terminals for which the satellite has actually allocated transmission power. This represents the total number of interfering terminals near neighboring satellites. The total number of serving terminals and interfering terminals. It is one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For the terminal under the statistical zero-forcing precoding criterion The normalization factor used, For computing terminals The precoding vector requires one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For the terminal The corresponding average channel power, Let be the beamforming matrix, where vector For the terminal The corresponding beamforming vector, For satellite The total number of array elements in the antenna array. For the terminal The corresponding array response vector, For the terminal The corresponding array response vector.

[0057] It should be noted that determining the precoding vector of a terminal requires the average channel power, beamforming vector, and array response vector of at least one serving terminal, as well as the average channel power, beamforming vector, and array response vector of at least one interfering terminal. Therefore, the formula needs to determine the terminals whose precoding vectors are used... This indicates that the average channel power, beamforming vector, and array response vector required on the left side of the formula correspond to the terminal's... This indicates (in the following formula) and Similarly, I won't go into details.

[0058] For example, suppose If the value is 1, calculate hour, express to The accumulation of.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the goal of statistical ZF precoding is to eliminate inter-user interference under statistical averaging, i.e., to set the expected value of interference to 0 and the expected value of the corresponding user power to 1. Therefore, we define the objective function of statistical ZF precoding as: ; in, Indicates terminal The precoded vector, This represents the objective function of statistical ZF precoding. Represents the channel matrix, with dimension . , Represents the beamforming matrix. For the first A column vector with 1 element and the rest being 0. Represents the mathematical expectation. This represents the square of the norm.

[0060] The statistical ZF precoding design is as follows: ; ;in, This indicates minimization.

[0061] The satellite can be derived For users The expression for the statistical ZF precoding vector is: ; in, In order to make The normalization factor.

[0062] In some embodiments, the precoding criterion for the precoded vector is the statistical minimum mean square error precoding criterion; Based on the array response vectors on the satellite side corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, the precoding vector corresponding to at least one serving terminal is determined, satisfying the following formula: ; in, This represents the terminal under the statistical minimum mean square error precoding criterion. The precoded vector, For satellite The set of all serving terminals and interfering terminals on a certain time-frequency resource within the coverage area. This refers to the total number of service terminals, which is also the total number of terminals for which the satellite has actually allocated transmission power. This represents the total number of interfering terminals near neighboring satellites. The total number of serving terminals and interfering terminals. It is one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For computing terminals The precoding vector requires one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For the terminal under the statistical minimum mean square error precoding criterion The normalization factor used, For the terminal The corresponding average channel power, Let be the beamforming matrix, where vector For the terminal The corresponding beamforming vector, This represents the total number of elements in the satellite's antenna array. For the terminal The corresponding array response vector, For the terminal The corresponding array response vector, As a regularization factor, For dimension The identity matrix.

[0063] In one possible implementation, when the correlation of user direction vectors is high, the direction vector correlation matrix becomes ill-conditioned. Statistical ZF precoding amplifies noise under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, leading to degraded system performance. Therefore, a regularization factor is introduced into statistical ZF precoding to obtain the satellite... For users The statistical RZF precoding vector is: ; in, As a regularization factor, In order to make The normalization factor. When At that time, statistical RZF precoding will degenerate into statistical ZF precoding.

[0064] In some embodiments, the precoding criterion for the precoded vector is the statistical regularization zero-forcing precoding criterion; Based on the array response vectors on the satellite side corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal, the precoding vector corresponding to at least one serving terminal is determined, satisfying the following formula: ; in, This indicates the terminal under the statistical regularization zero-forcing precoding criterion. The precoded vector, For satellite The set of all serving terminals and interfering terminals on a certain time-frequency resource within the coverage area. This refers to the total number of service terminals, which is also the total number of terminals for which the satellite has actually allocated transmission power. This represents the total number of interfering terminals near neighboring satellites. The total number of serving terminals and interfering terminals. It is one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For computing terminals The precoding vector requires one of at least one serving terminal and at least one interfering terminal. For the terminal under the statistical regularization zero-forcing precoding criterion The normalization factor used, For the terminal The corresponding average channel power, vector Let be the beamforming matrix, where, For the terminal The corresponding beamforming vector, This represents the total number of elements in the satellite's antenna array. For the terminal The corresponding array response vector, For the terminal The corresponding array response vector, The noise variance at the receiver is... It means noise. The total transmission power of the satellite, For dimension The identity matrix.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the objective of statistical MMSE precoding is to minimize the expected mean square error (MSE) between the transmitted and received signals of all users. Statistical MMSE precoding can be expressed as a problem of minimizing the expected MSE, i.e., ; ; in, ,in, The trace of a matrix is ​​represented by the sum of its main diagonals. , The satellite can be derived from this. For users The expression for the statistical MMSE precoding vector is: ; in, In order to make The normalization factor.

[0066] In some embodiments, where an inter-satellite link is provided between a satellite and its neighboring satellites, the first information is sent from the neighboring satellite to the satellite. In the absence of an inter-satellite link between a satellite and its neighboring satellites, the first information is transmitted from the neighboring satellite to the satellite via a ground station.

[0067] Specifically, for satellites equipped with inter-satellite links, each neighboring satellite transmits its own ephemeris information, the location information of the serving user, the receiving antenna gain of the serving user, and its resource allocation information to the satellite via the inter-satellite link. It can be seen that the precoding design method based on statistical channel state information requires only a small amount of information to be exchanged between satellites, without the need for detailed channel state information data, thus significantly reducing the amount of inter-satellite interaction.

[0068] Specifically, ground gateway stations are used to acquire ephemeris information of each neighboring satellite, location information of serving users, receiving antenna gain information, and resource allocation information. Ground gateway stations can maintain ephemeris information of each satellite and user information within the coverage area of ​​each satellite, including user location information and user scheduling information. Therefore, this information can be transmitted to each satellite through ground gateway stations.

[0069] In some embodiments, it is assumed that a satellite The set of all serving terminals and interfering terminals on a certain scheduling time-frequency resource within the coverage area is: That is, the first set Each terminal is a satellite The service terminal, after Each terminal is a satellite Interference terminals from neighboring satellites within the coverage area. For satellites. Internal terminals ( ), Received signal on downlink frequency domain subcarrier It can be represented as: ; in, , ; Indicates satellite Inside Beamforming matrix of each terminal For satellite Internal terminal Beamforming vector; For satellite Assigned to terminal downlink transmit power, meeting , This refers to the total downlink transmission power. It should be noted that the satellite... Only for Power is allocated to each service terminal. Each neighboring satellite interference terminal is not allocated power, that is... hour, , ,when hour, ; For satellite Give the terminal The downlink frequency domain transmits signals, and similarly, when hour, ,when hour, Satellite Service-only Each terminal sends data; For satellite For the terminal The transmitted precoding vector satisfies ; For the terminal The frequency domain Gaussian white noise has a mean of 0 and a variance of ; , , and Defined as , , and resemblance; Indicates satellite To the terminal The downlink frequency domain channel impulse response can be expressed as: ; in, For satellite To the terminal The complex gain of the downlink frequency domain channel, For the terminal In satellite The array response vector on the side can be expressed as: ; in, This represents the array response vector in the satellite's antenna array. Components on the axis, This represents the array response vector in the satellite's antenna array. Components on the axis. and It can be used express, , for: ; in, , For downlink carrier wavelength, For the satellite's antenna array along The number of array elements along the axis, For antenna edge The spacing between axes, and They represent the service terminals respectively. In the satellite's antenna array shaft and The direction cosine of the axis, and Representing terminals respectively In the satellite's antenna array shaft and The angle of departure (AOD) of the axis.

[0070] Based on the physical multipath channel model, Rice distribution can be used to apply random vectors. To perform modeling, that is, ; in, Rice factor, Indicates terminal Observed with satellite The direct path between them (LOS, line of sight). For the terminal Observed with satellite The non-direct route between them For satellite To the terminal The downlink average channel power, i.e. ; The following is an exemplary description provided by the present invention: For example, the following is a flowchart illustrating a communication method provided by the present invention, including: Step 1: Multi-satellite co-frequency networking, with the same frequency used between satellites and between beams within a satellite.

[0071] Step 2: The user terminal searches for satellite signals and accesses the satellite network through processes such as synchronization and random access.

[0072] Step 3: After the user terminal connects, it periodically reports its own location and receiving antenna gain information to the satellite.

[0073] Step 4: Each satellite manages user location and other information within its coverage area and transmits it to the ground gateway station via the power supply link. The ground gateway station can acquire, manage, and update all user location information.

[0074] Step 5: The satellite obtains the location, receiving antenna gain information, user scheduling and time-frequency resource allocation information of each user under the coverage of neighboring satellites in advance through inter-satellite links or ground gateway stations.

[0075] Step 6: Based on its own position, attitude, antenna configuration parameters, and service user scheduling information, as well as the positions of service users and neighboring interfering users, and the receiving antenna gain information, the satellite calculates the array response vector, average channel power, and beamforming vector for each user on the satellite side.

[0076] Step 7: The satellite uses the array response vector, average channel power, and beamforming matrix of each user on the satellite side to calculate and store the precoding vector of the serving user.

[0077] Step 8: During the precoding update cycle, the downlink transmission signals of the serving user are weighted using the stored precoding vectors.

[0078] Step 9: When the scheduling information of intra-satellite service users or neighboring satellite interference users changes, recalculate and update the precoding vector.

[0079] The present invention also provides a communication method applied to a service terminal, the method comprising: sending information of the service terminal to a satellite, the information of the service terminal including the location information of the service terminal and the receiving antenna gain; receiving a signal from the satellite, the signal being transmitted based on a precoded vector corresponding to the service terminal, the precoded vector corresponding to the service terminal being determined at least based on the information of the service terminal.

[0080] It should be noted that the explanation of the embodiments of the communication method applied to the service terminal can be referred to the explanation of the embodiments of the communication method applied to the satellite, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] For example, such as Figure 3 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a satellite precoding module provided by the present invention, including a precoding calculation module, a precoding storage module, a terminal signal generation module, and a precoding weighting module. The precoding calculation module generates precoding vectors. The precoding storage module stores the precoding vectors. The terminal signal generation module generates the signal transmitted from the satellite to the terminal. The precoding weighting module weights the signal transmitted from the satellite to the terminal based on the precoding vectors.

[0082] Figure 4 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a communication device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the communication device may include a processor 410, a communications interface 420, a memory 430, and a communication bus 440, wherein the processor 410, the communications interface 420, and the memory 430 communicate with each other through the communication bus 440. The processor 410 can call logical instructions in the memory 430 to execute the above-described method.

[0083] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 430 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0084] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program, the computer program being stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to perform the methods provided by the above methods.

[0085] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the methods described above.

[0086] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0087] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to satellites, the method includes: Receive information from at least one serving terminal, the information of which includes the location information and receiving antenna gain of the serving terminal; Receive first information, the first information including information on at least one jamming terminal of a neighboring satellite, the information of the jamming terminal including the location information, receiving antenna gain and time-frequency resource scheduling information of the jamming terminal; Based on the satellite information, the at least one service terminal information, and the first information, a precoded vector corresponding to each service terminal is generated. Based on each of the precoded vectors, signals are sent to the corresponding service terminals.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite information includes: the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, and the satellite's transmit antenna gain; the step of generating precoding vectors corresponding to each of the at least one service terminal based on the satellite information, the at least one service terminal information, and the first information includes: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of the at least one service terminal, and the location information of the at least one jamming terminal, the array response vectors of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the satellite side are determined. The array response vector of a terminal is used to indicate the antenna array response information of the satellite in the direction of the terminal. Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of the at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of the at least one interfering terminal, the location information of the at least one serving terminal, and the location information of the at least one interfering terminal, the average channel power of each of the serving terminals and each of the interfering terminals is determined. The precoding vector of each of the at least one serving terminal and the at least one interfering terminal is determined based on the array response vectors on the satellite side corresponding to each of the at least one serving terminal and the at least one interfering terminal, and the average channel power corresponding to each of the at least one serving terminal and the at least one interfering terminal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the array response vectors of each of the service terminals and each of the interference terminals on the satellite side, based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of the at least one service terminal, and the location information of the at least one interference terminal, includes: Based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the location information of the at least one service terminal, and the location information of the at least one jamming terminal, the departure angles of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined. Based on the departure angles of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, and the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array, the direction cosines of each service terminal and each jamming terminal on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array are determined; the number of array elements on the x-axis and y-axis of the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information; Based on the direction cosines of each of the service terminals and each of the jamming terminals on the x-axis and y-axis of the antenna array of the satellite, the array response vector of each of the service terminals and each of the jamming terminals on the satellite side is determined.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the average channel power of each service terminal and each interference terminal based on the satellite's ephemeris information, the satellite's antenna array configuration information, the satellite's transmit antenna gain, the receive antenna gain of at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of at least one interfering terminal, the location information of at least one serving terminal, and the location information of at least one interfering terminal includes: Based on the ephemeris information of the satellite, the location information of the at least one service terminal, and the location information of the at least one jamming terminal, the transmission distance between each service terminal and the satellite and the transmission distance between each jamming terminal and the satellite are determined. Based on the total number of array elements in the satellite's antenna array, the transmit antenna gain of the satellite, the receive antenna gain of the at least one serving terminal, the receive antenna gain of the at least one interfering terminal, the transmission distance between each serving terminal and the satellite, the transmission distance between each interfering terminal and the satellite, and the path loss model, the average channel power of each serving terminal and each interfering terminal is determined; the total number of array elements in the satellite's antenna array is included in the satellite's antenna array configuration information.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The precoding criteria for the precoding vector are one of the following: Statistical zero-forcing precoding criterion, statistical regularized zero-forcing precoding criterion, and statistical minimum mean square error precoding criterion.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When an inter-satellite link is provided between the satellite and its neighboring satellites, the interference terminal information in the first information is sent by the neighboring satellite to the satellite. In the absence of an inter-satellite link between the satellite and its neighboring satellites, the interference terminal information in the first information is transmitted from the neighboring satellite to the satellite via a ground station.

7. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a service terminal, the method includes: The information of the service terminal is sent to the satellite, and the information of the service terminal includes the location information and receiving antenna gain of the service terminal. The system receives signals from a satellite, the signals being transmitted based on a precoded vector corresponding to the service terminal, the precoded vector being determined based on information from the satellite, information from at least one service terminal including the service terminal, and information from at least one interfering terminal.

8. A communication device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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