Crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum

Abstract

This invention relates to crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum. The invention also extends to methods for preparing said modified xanthan gum. The disclosed techniques can be used in the preparation of personal care, home care, industrial, and healthcare applications, specifically as emulsifiers in phase-stabilized emulsion formulations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum polymers and methods for their preparation. These compounds can be used in the preparation of personal care, home care, industrial, and healthcare applications, specifically as emulsifiers in phase-stabilized emulsion formulations. Background Technology

[0002] Sustainability in the personal care industry has garnered considerable attention from the media and society, with a growing demand for ingredients that have a high renewable carbon index and a low environmental footprint.

[0003] Microbial polysaccharides are biocompatible, biodegradable, and generally non-toxic natural biopolymers with physicochemical properties suitable for use as cosmetic ingredients. These properties are also inherent in xanthan gum.

[0004] Xanthan gum is produced by using Xanthomonas aeruginosa (… Xanthomonas campestris Xanthan gum is a commercially produced microbial polysaccharide produced by bacterial fermentation. Its structure consists of a β-1,4-D-glucose backbone (similar to cellulose), with regular trimer overhangs every other glucose molecule to form a pentasaccharide repeating unit. Each overhang is connected to the main chain via an α-1,3 bond and contains a glucuronic acid between two mannose groups. Additionally, negatively charged pyruvate ketals are present on approximately 50% of the terminal mannose groups, and within the internal mannose units… O Different amounts of acetylation exist at the -6 position.

[0005] Due to its high molecular weight and hydrogen bonding interactions, xanthan gum aqueous solutions exhibit high intrinsic viscosity at low concentrations and behave like pseudoplastic fluids. The high viscosity rheology, pH resistance, and salt tolerance of xanthan gum make it desirable for use as a thickener, suspending agent, and emulsion stabilizer in food, pharmaceutical, oral care, and cosmetic products.

[0006] However, natural xanthan gum has its own limitations, including unstable viscosity, insufficient influence on yield value, inadequate performance in stabilizing emulsions, unsatisfactory texture, and susceptibility to microbial contamination.

[0007] JP9003101A provides a method for improving the thickening effect and transparency of xanthan gum as well as its solubility in water, so as to provide xanthan gum derivatives that are useful in the fields of toiletries and cosmetics.

[0008] There is a need to improve the performance properties of xanthan gum for personal care applications, such as emulsifying various oils over a wide pH range, and improving sensory and texture with a neutral odor and color. This invention aims to meet some or all of the needs identified above, and to solve some or all of the problems identified above. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention relates to crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, which provides a more natural and biodegradable alternative to conventional emulsifiers, while offering excellent thickening and stabilization of emulsions containing a variety of oils (polar to nonpolar). The modified xanthan gum disclosed herein also allows for the formulation of emulsion compositions with suitable texture and excellent electrolyte stability at low usage levels.

[0010] Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, wherein a portion of the hydrogen atoms of the pendant hydroxyl groups of the main chain is replaced by at least one hydrophobic portion according to formula (I): (I) – (A) a -(O) b -R Wherein A is selected from divalent straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene groups; R is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1, provided that b is 0 when a is 0; and wherein xanthan gum is crosslinked with a multifunctional crosslinking agent, which, based on the total weight of the xanthan gum, comprises 0.1% to 1% by weight of epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide an oil-in-water emulsion comprising: an aqueous phase; an oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; and crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum as described herein.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is a method for stabilizing an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the method comprising the step of mixing the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum described herein with the oil phase and the aqueous phase.

[0013] The use of cross-linked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, as described herein, for stabilizing emulsions containing oil and aqueous phases is also an object of this invention.

[0014] The present invention also provides personal care formulations comprising the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention.

[0015] The present invention also provides cleaning or fabric care compositions comprising the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention, the method comprising reacting xanthan gum with a) an alkylating agent and b) a multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1Amplitude scans were performed on the following substances: xanthan gum (natural xanthan gum, unreacted), control xanthan gum subjected to the same reaction conditions but without the hydrophobic compound, and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum. CX indicates the alkyl chain length, where X = 22, 16, or 12, and the numbers in parentheses represent the weight of the hydrophobic compound relative to the xanthan gum.

[0018] Figure 2 Amplitude scans were performed on the following substances: C1 at various crosslinking levels with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE). 16 - (A) 0.5% by weight dispersion and (B) 1.0% by weight dispersion of modified xanthan gum. The weight of the crosslinking agent is expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the unmodified xanthan gum.

[0019] Figure 3 Amplitude scans were performed on 0.5 wt% dispersions of the following substances: A) unmodified xanthan gum; B) crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum; C) crosslinked xanthan gum; and D) xanthan gum subjected to the same reaction conditions without crosslinking agents or hydrophobic substances.

[0020] Figure 4 Emulsions containing 0.5 wt% of different xanthan gum samples and 20 wt% of caprylic / capric triglycerides. A) Optical micrographs 24 hours after blending, and B) Photographs after aging each emulsion at 50°C for four weeks. 1. Hydrophobic and cross-linked xanthan gum; 2. Non-hydrophobic; cross-linked xanthan gum; 3. Non-hydrophobic, non-cross-linked xanthan gum.

[0021] Figure 5 Amplitude scans of 0.5 wt% hydrophobically modified xanthan gum dispersions with various alkyl chain lengths (C16, C12, or C8). Molar substitution degree (MS) of each polymer = 0.025.

[0022] Figure 6 For those containing C 16 Amplitude scans of 0.5 wt% crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum dispersions with various molar substitution (MS) degrees. Xanthan gum crosslinked with 0.5 wt% 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE).

[0023] Figure 7 Microscopic images showing the size of oil droplets in the cleaning formulation are shown. A. Comparative example; B. Formulation containing the modified xanthan gum of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 Microscopic images showing the size of oil droplets in the cleaning formulation are shown. A. Comparative example; B. Formulation containing the modified xanthan gum of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various preferred features and embodiments will now be described in a non-limiting manner. Modifications, adaptations, or variations of such exemplary embodiments described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art as disclosed.

[0026] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the articles “one” and “a (kind)” are used in this text to refer to one (kind) or more (kinds) (i.e., at least one (kind)) the grammatical object of the article. For example, “a component” means one or more components.

[0027] Unless explicitly stated in the examples or otherwise, all numerical quantities of material amounts, reaction conditions, molecular weights, carbon number, etc., specified in this specification should be understood as being modified by the word “about.” As used herein, the term “about,” for example when referring to measurable values ​​(such as the amount or weight of a particular component or temperature), means a variation of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, ±1%, ±0.5%, or particularly ±0.1% of the specified amount. Unless otherwise specified, all numerical quantities of material amounts or ratios specified in this specification are based on weight.

[0028] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts and ratios expressed herein are based on the weight of the total composition of the invention.

[0029] As used herein, the terms “comprising” or “including” (which are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional unlisted elements or method steps) are intended to cover, in alternative embodiments, the phrases “consistently made of” and “composed of”, wherein “consistently made of” excludes any unspecified elements or steps and “consistently made of” allows the inclusion of additional unlisted elements or steps that do not materially affect the nature or essential and novel features of the composition or method under consideration.

[0030] As used herein, the term "personal care" includes, but is not limited to, cosmetics, toiletries, cosmeceuticals, beauty aids, insect repellents, sunscreens, UV absorbers, hand sanitizers, and personal hygiene and cleaning products (e.g., shampoos, conditioning shampoos, anti-dandruff shampoos, shower gels, hand soaps, facial scrubs, etc.) applied to the body (including the skin, hair, scalp, and nails of humans and mammals).

[0031] In one aspect, the present invention provides crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, wherein a portion of the hydrogen atoms of the pendant hydroxyl groups of the main chain is replaced by at least one hydrophobic portion according to formula (I): (I) – (A) a -(O) b -R Wherein A is selected from divalent straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene groups; R is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1, provided that b is 0 when a is 0; and wherein xanthan gum is crosslinked with a multifunctional crosslinking agent, the multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising 0.1% to 1% by weight of epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups based on the total weight of the xanthan gum.

[0032] The crosslinked and hydrophobic xanthan gum of this invention can be prepared from commercially available xanthan gum. Unmodified xanthan gum used as a raw material is also referred to herein as "natural xanthan gum," "unmodified xanthan gum," or collectively as "xanthan gum." Non-limiting examples of xanthan gum may be found in Jungbunzlauer, Fufeng, Jianlong, or CP Kelco (using Keltrol). ® (Trademark) acquired through commercial purchase.

[0033] For illustrative purposes, the structure of xanthan gum is schematically represented by the following structure:

[0034] Where M + =Na, K + ½ Ca 2+ .

[0035] Xanthan gum is typically produced using Xanthomonas aeruginosa (… Xanthomonas campestris Xanthan gum is obtained through bacterial fermentation. The molecular weight of natural xanthan gum is typically in the range of 2 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Up to 20×10 6 Within the range of Da).

[0036] The improved emulsion aggregation and stability, viscosity, and suitable texture of the formulation provided by the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of this invention represent a balance between hydrophobic modification and crosslinking.

[0037] Hydrophobic modification

[0038] In the xanthan gum according to the invention, a portion of the hydrogen atom of the pendant hydroxyl group is replaced by at least one hydrophobic portion according to formula (I): (I) – (A) a -(O) b -R Where A is selected from divalent straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene groups, R is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1, provided that b is 0 when a is 0.

[0039] In one implementation, a is 1 and b is 1.

[0040] The hydroxyl groups of each sugar unit of xanthan gum can be hydrophobically derivatized using the hydrophobic portion according to formula (I). Modified xanthan gum can have a hydroxyl content of 0.001 to 0.5, specifically 0.01 to 0.4, more specifically 0.025 to 0.3 (mol / mol). 糖 The molar substitution degree (MS) is within the range of ). The molar substitution degree can be measured according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, by gas chromatography for hydrolysis.

[0041] Specifically, the divalent alkylene group A can be represented by formula (II) or (III): (II) ; (III)

[0042] More specifically, the divalent alkylene group A can be an alkylene group according to formula (II).

[0043] The hydrocarbon group can be a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic group, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group, or an aromatic group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon group can be straight-chain or branched. Specifically, the hydrocarbon group can be a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, i.e., the hydrocarbon group is not branched. Specifically, the hydrocarbon group can be a saturated hydrocarbon group. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon group is a straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon group.

[0044] Of particular interest are hydrocarbon groups having 12 to 16 carbon atoms, which provide a better degree of coalescence when modified xanthan gum is used in emulsions. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon group is a straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms, specifically 16 carbon atoms.

[0045] In one embodiment, the hydrogen atoms of the dangling groups of xanthan gum are replaced by at least one hydrophobic portion according to formula (IV): (IV)

[0046] Where n is an integer from 7 to 21, specifically from 11 to 15. More specifically, n is 15.

[0047] Hydrophobic modification requires alkylation by reacting the pendant hydroxyl groups present in the backbone of xanthan gum or its derivatives with an alkylating agent. Unbound by theory, it is believed that the alkylating agent reacts with the hydrogen atoms of the C2, C3, C4, and / or C6 hydroxyl groups of xanthan gum. For example, the alkylating agent can react with hydroxyl groups on the C-2, C-3, and / or C-6 carbon atoms of the glucose unit of xanthan gum, and / or hydroxyl groups on the C-2 and / or C-3 carbon atoms of the glucuronic acid unit, and / or hydroxyl groups on the C3 and C4 carbon atoms of the mannose unit. Therefore, the hydrogen atom of the pendant hydroxyl group of xanthan gum that is substituted by at least one hydrophobic portion can be a hydrogen atom of the C-2, C-3, and / or C-6 hydroxyl groups of the glucose unit of xanthan gum, and / or the C-2 and / or C-3 hydroxyl groups of the glucuronic acid unit, and / or the C2, C3, C4, and / or C6 hydroxyl groups of the mannose unit. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is anticipated that possible reactions may occur at one or more sites. Typically, the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group in xanthan gum that is replaced by at least one hydrophobic moiety is at least a C-6 hydroxyl hydrogen atom of the D-glucose unit.

[0048] As defined herein and throughout the specification, an "alkylating agent" or "alkylating agent" is a reactive compound containing a hydrocarbon group that can react with the pendant hydroxyl groups on xanthan gum to form an ether bond with xanthan gum, which is the starting material.

[0049] Typical alkylating agents that react with the hydroxyl groups of xanthan gum include alkyl halides, epoxides, and glycidyl ethers containing hydrocarbon groups.

[0050] Alkylating agents can be alkyl halides represented by the following formula (V): (V) XR 1 Where X is a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine; and R 1 The alkyl group is selected from the following hydrocarbon groups: cycloalkyl, straight-chain or branched alkyl, cycloalkenyl, straight-chain or branched alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl, and combinations thereof, wherein the hydrocarbon group contains 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Exemplary alkyl halides include, but are not limited to, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, myristyl, hexadecyl, stearyl, and benzyl bromides, fluorides, chlorides, and iodides. Specifically, the alkylating agent may be an alkyl halide, wherein the alkyl group is a straight-chain or branched C8 to C22 alkyl group, specifically a C12 to C16 alkyl group, more specifically a C16 alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl halide is an alkyl halide wherein the alkyl group is a straight-chain C8 to C22 alkyl group, specifically a straight-chain C12 to C16 alkyl group, more specifically a straight-chain C16 alkyl group. Specifically, the halide may be a chloride or a bromide, more specifically a chloride.

[0051] In one embodiment, the alkyl halide is selected from the group consisting of: dodecyl chloride, myristyl, and hexadecyl chloride.

[0052] In the context of this invention, glycidyl ethers represented by the following formula (VI) are of particular interest as alkylating agents: (VI)

[0053] Where m is an integer from 1 to 4, and n is 0 or 1; and R1 is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Specifically, the hydrocarbon group may have 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Specifically, the hydrocarbon group may be a saturated hydrocarbon group, and more specifically a saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon group.

[0054] Representative glycidyl ethers of formula (VI) that can be used as alkylating agents include, but are not limited to, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-(phenylmethyl)-ethylene oxide, 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-ethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 1,2-epoxyeicosene, 1,2-epoxyethylbenzene, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, dodecyl glycidyl ether, tetradecyl glycidyl ether, hexadecyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, triphenylmethyl glycidyl ether, and nonylphenyl glycidyl ether. Specifically, the hydrocarbon group can be a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, that is, the hydrocarbon group is not branched.

[0055] Specifically, the alkylating agent is a glycidyl ether represented by formula (VI), where m is 1 and n is 1, and R1 is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, specifically 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, the hydrocarbon group is a straight-chain saturated hydrocarbon group. In one embodiment, the glycidyl ether is selected from the group consisting of: dodecyl glycidyl ether, tetradecyl glycidyl ether, and hexadecyl glycidyl ether. More specifically, the alkylating agent is hexadecyl glycidyl ether.

[0056] Crosslinking agent

[0057] The xanthan gum according to the invention is crosslinked with a multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups. Based on the total weight of the xanthan gum, the amount of crosslinking agent may be from 0.1 wt% to 1 wt% or from 0.2 wt% to 1 wt%, specifically from 0.2 wt% to 0.9 wt%, more specifically from 0.4 wt% to 0.6 wt%.

[0058] Multifunctional crosslinking agents can be homodifunctional crosslinking agents or heterodifunctional crosslinking agents.

[0059] The multifunctional crosslinking agent can be selected from the group consisting of: polyglycidyl ethers, multifunctional alkyl halides, and epihaloalcohols.

[0060] In the context of this invention, suitable polyglycidyl ethers as crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, diglycidyl ether of glycerol, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether of glycerol, trimethylolpropane diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, triglycidyl ether of glycerol, pentaerythritol diglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, sorbitol diglycidyl ether, sorbitol triglycidyl ether, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, sorbitol pentaglycidyl ether and sorbitol hexaglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (NOGE).

[0061] Specifically, the polyglycidyl ether can be a diglycidyl ether. More specifically, the polyglycidyl ether can be 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE).

[0062] In some implementations, the crosslinking agent may be poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether.

[0063] In the context of this invention, suitable alkyl halides as multifunctional crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, myristyl, hexadecyl, stearyl, and behenyl dibromide, dichloride, and diiodide. Specifically, the crosslinking agent may be a multifunctional alkyl halide, wherein the alkyl group is a straight-chain or branched C2 to C22 alkyl group.

[0064] In one embodiment, the crosslinking agent may be 1,4-dichlorobutane.

[0065] In one implementation, the multifunctional crosslinking agent is a surface haloalcohol, more specifically a surface chlorohydrin.

[0066] In the synthesis of the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum described herein, the alkylating agent and crosslinking agent will be able to react with the hydroxyl groups present in the sugar units after deprotonation with a basic reagent. For example, the alkylating agent and crosslinking agent can react with the hydroxyl groups on the C-2, C-3, and / or C-6 carbon atoms of the glucose units of xanthan gum, and / or the hydroxyl groups on the C-2 and / or C-3 carbon atoms of the glucuronic acid chain units, and / or the hydroxyl groups on the C2, C3, C4, and / or C6 carbon atoms of the mannose chain units. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it is anticipated that possible reactions may occur at one or more sites.

[0067] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum described herein, the method comprising reacting xanthan gum with a) an alkylating agent and b) a multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups.

[0068] Crosslinking and hydrophobic modification can be carried out in any order, simultaneously, or repeatedly, to produce the desired crosslinked and hydrophobic modified xanthan gum. However, one advantage of the present invention is that crosslinking and hydrophobic modification can be carried out simultaneously, i.e., concurrently with the reaction of the alkylating agent and the multifunctional crosslinking agent.

[0069] Specifically, a method for preparing cross-linked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum may include the following steps: i) Mix xanthan gum with an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water to form a suspension or slurry; ii) Increase the pH of the suspension or slurry to above 9 using an alkaline solution; iii) Add alkylating agents and multifunctional crosslinking agents containing epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups; iv) The reaction mixture is reacted at a temperature of 50°C to 100°C for at least 2 hours to obtain crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum; v) Xanthan gum that has been neutralized, crosslinked, and hydrophobically modified with acid.

[0070] Xanthan gum used as a starting material is typically in powder form and is usually treated with an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent and water to obtain a suspension or slurry. Based on the total weight of the suspension or slurry, the amount of xanthan gum in the organic solvent or the mixture of organic solvent and water (i.e., the suspension or slurry) can specifically range from 10% by weight to 80% by weight, more specifically from 15% by weight to 30% by weight.

[0071] In the implementation process, the organic solvent used can be acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, etc., and mixtures thereof. Specifically, the organic solvent is isopropanol. Specifically, when combined with water, the amount of organic solvent can be 50% to 80% by weight, more specifically 55% to 75% by weight. In one embodiment, the organic solvent combined with water may contain 50% to 80% by weight, more specifically 55% to 75% by weight, more specifically 60% by weight of an aqueous solution of isopropanol. Advantageously, a concentration in the range of 55% to 65% by weight allows for the simultaneous addition of alkylating agents and multifunctional crosslinking agents while controlling particle swelling, which affects the degree and location of modification.

[0072] Specifically, in step ii), the pH is increased to 10 or higher, specifically 10 to 13, and specifically 11 to 13. For example, pH is typically adjusted using alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the alkali is sodium hydroxide. The amount of alkali used is the amount required to increase the pH to the desired value.

[0073] Once the alkylating agent and the multifunctional crosslinking agent are added to a suspension or slurry containing xanthan gum, the mixture is typically reacted for a sufficient period of time to ensure complete reaction. The mixture can be stirred to improve the reaction. The reaction time and temperature can be adjusted. Specifically, the mixture can be reacted for 2 to 5 hours, or 2 to 4 hours, or preferably 3 hours. Specifically, the reaction temperature can be 55°C to 65°C. Preferably, the reaction temperature can be 60°C. In one embodiment, the mixture is reacted at 55°C to 65°C for 2 to 4 hours. Advantageously, the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0074] Following the reaction, the modified xanthan gum is neutralized. Neutralization is typically adjusted to a pH in the range of about 4 to about 10, or about 6 to about 8, or about 7. Any acid can be chosen to neutralize the solution, including strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, or weak acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, carbon dioxide (carbonic acid), trifluoroacetic acid, etc. In one embodiment, either hydrochloric acid or acetic acid is used. The amount of acid used is the amount required for neutralization.

[0075] The modified xanthan gum obtained after the reaction in the presence of an alkylating agent and a multifunctional crosslinking agent can then be separated from the solvent, specifically by physical separation methods. Non-limiting examples of separation techniques include filtration, centrifugation, etc. Specifically, the solvent can be removed by filtration. The remaining solids can be further washed with an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water. Specifically, the remaining solids are washed with a mixture of an organic solvent and water, the mixture containing 60% to 90% by weight, or 75% to 85% by weight, or about 80% by weight of an aqueous solution of the organic solvent. Non-limiting organic solvents that can be used include acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, etc. Mixtures of these alcohols can also be used. Preferably, an aqueous solution of isopropanol is used.

[0076] The volume of the washing liquid is much larger than the amount of modified xanthan gum, and it can be applied in batches or multiple times. Typically, one to four independent washing cycles are completed. However, additional washing cycles can be used if necessary.

[0077] Modified xanthan gum can be dried directly after separation from the reaction medium, or subsequently washed to remove residual solvent. Examples of drying techniques include air drying, evaporative drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, etc. Specifically, drying at temperatures between 50°C and 115°C under ambient conditions or reduced pressure may be advantageous. Advantageously, the drying temperature can be in the range of 60°C to 80°C. It has been surprisingly found that drying at temperatures in the range of 60°C to 80°C improves the viscosity, yield value, and stability of formulations and compositions containing the modified xanthan gum according to the invention. More specifically, the temperature can be 60°C, 70°C, or 80°C. The drying time can be in the range of 1 hour to 4 hours. Advantageously, the drying step is carried out at 80°C for 4 hours, specifically under vacuum conditions.

[0078] Applications, compositions and products

[0079] The crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention can be formulated in compositions for use in personal care products, topical health care products, home care products, institutional and industrial (I&I) products and fabric care products.

[0080] In the context of this invention, oil-in-water emulsions (O / W) are of particular interest. Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide an oil-in-water emulsion comprising: - Aqueous phase; - The oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; and - Crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to the present invention.

[0081] The present invention also provides a method for stabilizing an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the method comprising the step of mixing crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to the present invention with the oil phase and the aqueous phase.

[0082] The present invention also provides the use of crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to the present invention for stabilizing emulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase.

[0083] As used herein, the term "oil" means a compound or mixture of compounds that is insoluble in water and has a liquid appearance at 25°C. The oil phase is not limited to a specific oil. Any oil suitable for use in cosmetic or personal care preparations may be used, including but not limited to vegetable oils, petroleum-derived oils (e.g., mineral oils, liquid paraffin), fatty acid esters, etc.

[0084] The oil phase may contain at least one of ester oils, vegetable oils, alcohols, paraffin oils, or organosilicones. The oil phase may contain one or more oils selected from mineral oils, such as paraffin oil, petrolatum, isoparaffins, or white mineral oil; animal-derived oils, such as squalene or squalane; vegetable oils, such as vegetable squalane, sweet almond oil, coconut oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, wheat germ oil, corn germ oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa oil, pumpkin seed oil, evening primrose oil, millet oil, barley oil, rye oil, safflower oil, bancoulier oil, passion fruit oil, hazelnut oil, palm oil, shea butter, almond oil, coriander seed oil, beech oil, tamanu oil, and sysymbrium oil. Oils such as avocado oil, calendula oil, oils derived from flowers or plants, ethoxylated vegetable oils, and algae oil; synthetic oils, such as fatty acid esters like butyl myristate, propyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, octyl palmitate, butyl stearate, hexadecyl stearate, isopropyl stearate, isoisopropyl stearate, octyl stearate, isoctyl stearate, lauryl oleate, hexyl laurate, propylene glycol dioctyl ester, and lanolin-derived oils. Esters of fatty acids such as isopropyl lanolinate, isocetyl lanolinate, monoglycerides of fatty acids, diglycerides of fatty acids, and triglycerides of fatty acids such as triheptanoic acid glycerides, alkyl benzoates, hydrogenated oils, poly(α-olefins), polyolefins such as poly(isobutane), synthetic isoalkanes such as isohexadecane, isodecane, and perfluorinated oils; silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane, methylphenylpolysiloxane, amino-modified silicone, fatty acid-modified silicone, alcohol-modified silicone, alcohol-modified silicone and fatty acid, silicone-modified silicone polyether groups, modified epoxy silicone, silicone modified by fluorinated groups, cyclic silicone, and silicone modified by alkyl groups.

[0085] In one non-limiting embodiment, the oil phase comprises at least one oil selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides and fatty acid triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

[0086] Specifically, the fatty acid ester may be selected from the group consisting of: butyl myristate, propyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, cetyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, octyl palmitate, butyl stearate, hexadecyl stearate, isopropyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, octyl stearate, isoctyl stearate, dodecyl oleate, hexyl laurate, propylene glycol dioctyl ester, and esters derived from lanonic acid, such as isopropyl lanate, isoctyl lanate, and combinations thereof. More specifically, the fatty acid ester may be isopropyl stearate or isostearate.

[0087] The oil phase may contain oils selected from the group consisting of: fatty acid triglycerides, isostearyl isostearate and isohexadecane, and combinations thereof. More specifically, the fatty acid triglycerides may be caprylic / capric triglycerides or trioleate.

[0088] Based on the total weight of the emulsion, the oil phase may be present in an amount of 1% to 50% by weight. Based on the total weight of the emulsion, the oil phase may be present in an amount of 1% to 40% by weight, specifically 5% to 40% by weight, more specifically 10% to 40% by weight, or even specifically 20% to 30% by weight.

[0089] The oil phase may also contain other oil-soluble components. Based on the total weight of the oil phase, the oil phase may contain at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, or at least 98% by weight of one or more oils.

[0090] The emulsion of the present invention comprises an aqueous phase constituting a continuous phase. The aqueous phase comprises water and may contain other water-soluble components. Based on the total weight of the aqueous phase, the aqueous phase may contain at least 90% by weight, at least 95% by weight, or at least 98% by weight of water.

[0091] Typically, the amount of modified xanthan gum of the present invention ranges from 0.01% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion. Specifically, the concentration of modified xanthan gum can be from 0.05% to 2% by weight, or from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, or from 0.2% to 1.5% by weight, or from 0.5% to 1.25% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0092] The emulsion may also contain co-emulsifiers or other surfactants. Exemplary co-emulsifiers include, but are not limited to, cetearyl glucoside [HLB=11±1], polysorbate 85 [HLB=11±1], glyceryl stearate (and) PEG-100 stearate [HLB=11±1], stearamide MEA [HLB=11±1], oleyl alcohol polyether-2 [HLB=4.9±1], oleyl alcohol polyether-10 / polyoxyethylene 10 oleyl ether NF [HLB=12.4±1], oleyl alcohol polyether-10 [HLB=12.4±1], oleyl alcohol polyether-20 [HLB=12.4±1], cetyl alcohol polyether-10 [HLB=12.9±1], PEG-8 laurate [HLB=13±1], cocoamide MEA [HLB=13±1], etc. =13.5±1], Polysorbate 60 [HLB=14.9±1], PEG-60 Almond Glyceryl Ester [HLB=15±1], Isostearyl Alcohol Polyether-20 [HLB=15±1], Lauramide DEA [HLB=15±1], Polysorbate 80 [HLB=15±1], PEG-20 Methyl Glucosyl Sesquistearate [HLB=15±1], PEG-4 Dilaurate [HLB=6±1], Cetearyl Alcohol Polyether-20 [HLB=15.2±1], Dehydrated Sorbitan Stearate (and) Sucrose Cocoate [HLB=6±1], Methyl Glucosyl Sesquistearate [HLB=6.6±1], Stearyl Alcohol Polyether-21 [HLB=13.5±1] =15.5±1], Sodium stearoyl lactylate [HLB=8.3±1], Cetyl ether-20 [HLB=15.7±1], Sorbitol lauryl ester [HLB=8.6±1], Isostearyl ether-20 [HLB=15.7±1], PEG-40 Sorbitol peroleate [HLB=9±1], Polysorbate 20 [HLB=16.7±1], Lecithin [HLB=9.7±1], Lauryl ether-23 [HLB=16.9±1], Lauryl ether-4 [HLB=9.7±1], PEG-100 stearate [HLB=18.8±1], PEG-20 almond glyceride [HLB=10±1], PE G-80 dehydrated sorbitan laurate [HLB=19.1±1], linoleamide DEA [HLB=10±1], PEG-25 hydrogenated castor oil [HLB=10.8±1], (poly)glycerol fatty acids and amino acid-based surfactants, calcium stearoyl lactylate [HLB=5.1±1], cetyl ether-2 [HLB=5.3±1], glyceryl laurate [HLB=5.2±1], glyceryl stearate [HLB=3.8±1], glyceryl stearate SE [HLB=5.8±1], polyethylene distearate [HLB=1±1], polyethylene stearate [HLB=2.9±1], PEG-30 dihydroxystearate [HLB=5.1±1][5±1], PEG-60 almond glyceride [HLB=15±1], polysorbate 60 [HLB=14.9±1], isostearic acid sorbitol ester [HLB=4.7±1], oleic acid sorbitol ester [HLB=4.3±1], sorbitan sesquioleate [HLB=3.7±1], stearic acid sorbitol ester [HLB=4.7±1], trioleic acid sorbitol ester [HLB=1.8±1], and stearyl alcohol polyether-2 [HLB=4.9±1].

[0093] Of particular interest are coemulsifiers with an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) value of 6 or higher, which can improve emulsion aggregation and electrolyte tolerance. Specifically, HLB values ​​of 7 or higher, or 8 or higher, or 10 or higher are preferred.

[0094] Specifically, the co-emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of amino acid-based surfactants and (poly)glycerol fatty acids. More specifically, the co-emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of sodium stearoyl glutamate, polyglycerol-3-laurate, and polyglycerol-10-laurate.

[0095] One of the beneficial effects of this technology is that, due to the enhancing properties of the modified xanthan gum of this invention, a small amount of co-emulsifier is required to obtain a stable emulsion. Therefore, in one embodiment, the concentration of the co-emulsifier is in the range of 0.1% to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

[0096] Specifically, as measured at room temperature with a Brookfield viscosity of 20 rpm, the viscosity of the emulsion according to the invention is in the range of 1,000 mPa·s to 9,000 mPa·s.

[0097] The present invention also provides formulations or compositions for personal care and topical health care, comprising the modified xanthan gum of the present invention or an oil-in-water emulsion comprising the modified xanthan gum of the present invention.

[0098] The present invention also provides cleaning compositions comprising the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention. Typical cleaning compositions include household and industrial (I&I) cleaning compositions, formulations, and products that may contain the modified xanthan gum of the present invention. Non-limiting examples include surface cleaners for kitchen and bathroom countertops, tile surfaces, and utilities (including appliances used or positioned therein), toilet cleaners (including toilet rim gels), floor cleaners, wall cleaners, polishes, air freshener gels, detergents, treatments, and dishwashing liquids.

[0099] The present invention also provides fabric care compositions comprising the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum of the present invention.

[0100] As used herein, the phrase "fabric care composition" includes compositions and formulations designed to treat fabrics. Such compositions include, but are not limited to, laundry cleaning compositions and detergents, fabric softening compositions, fabric strengthening compositions, fabric freshening compositions, laundry pre-wash, laundry pre-treatment, laundry additives, dry cleaning agents or compositions, laundry rinsing additives, washing additives, post-rinse fabric treatments, etc. Such compositions may be used as pre-wash treatments, post-wash treatments, or may be added during the rinsing or washing cycles of a laundry operation.

[0101] Compositions for personal care and topical health care may comprise any cosmetic, toiletries, and topical pharmaceutical preparations. Typical personal care preparations that may contain the modified xanthan gum according to the invention include, but are not limited to, shampoos, chemical and non-chemical perming and straightening products, hair styling products (e.g., hair fixatives and hair coloring products), lotions and creams for nails, hands, feet, face, head, and body, hair dyes, facial and body cosmetics, nail care products, astringents, deodorants, antiperspirants, depilatory agents, skin creams and lotions such as sunscreens, skin and body cleansers, skin conditioning agents, skin toning agents, skin firming compositions, liquid soaps, soap bars, bath products, shaving products, etc.

[0102] Compositions for personal care and topical treatment can be, but are not limited to, the following forms: liquids such as rinses, gels, hydroalcoholic gels (e.g., hand sanitizers), sprays, lotions such as lotions and creams, shampoos, hair oils, foams, ointments, tablets, sticks such as lip care products, cosmetics, and suppositories, and similar products, which are applied to and remain in contact with the skin and hair until removed by rinsing with water or washing with shampoo or soap. Gels can be soft, hard, or squeezeable.

[0103] Specifically, the modified xanthan gum of the present invention is applicable to shower gels, antibacterial shower gels, dual-effect shampoo and shower gels, bath gels, shower gels, liquid hand soaps, body scrubs, bubble baths, facial scrubs, foot scrubs, etc.

[0104] Specifically, the shampoo implementation scheme of the present invention can be formulated as a two-in-one shampoo, baby shampoo, conditioning shampoo, volumizing shampoo, moisturizing shampoo, temporary hair dye shampoo, three-in-one shampoo, anti-dandruff shampoo, hair color preservation shampoo, acidic (neutralized) shampoo, medicated shampoo, and salicylic acid shampoo, etc.

[0105] The amount of the modified xanthan gum of the present invention that can be used in the aforementioned compositions can be determined by those skilled in the art.

[0106] When used in personal care compositions, modified xanthan gum is typically used at concentrations of 0.001% to 10% by weight, or 0.005% to 5% by weight, or 0.01% to 2% by weight, or 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, or 0.2% to 1% by weight, or 0.3% to 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0107] The exemplary compositions, formulations, and products of this invention may generally contain a variety of additives and conventional auxiliaries well known in the art, including but not limited to pH adjusters and buffers that acidify or alkalize; fixatives and auxiliary film-forming agents, such as gums, resins, synthetic or naturally derived polymers; auxiliary rheology modifiers, such as thickening polymers, thickeners, or gelling agents; additives, such as emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers, waxes, dispersants, etc.; and viscosity modifiers, such as solvents, electrolytes, etc.; hair and skin conditioning agents, such as antistatic agents, synthetic oils, vegetable or animal oils, silicone oils, monomeric or polymeric quaternary ammonium salts, emollients, humectants, lubricants, and anti-static agents. Sunscreens, disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, etc.; chemical perming or straightening agents; hair dyes, such as pigments and dyes for temporary, semi-permanent, or permanent hair coloring; surfactants, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and zwitterionic surfactants; polymer film modifiers, such as plasticizers, humectants, thickeners, anti-sticking agents, wetting agents, etc.; product finishing agents, such as chelating agents, opacifiers, pearlescent agents, preservatives, fragrances, solubilizers; colorants, such as pigments and dyes, UV absorbers, etc.; propellants (miscible or immiscible with water), such as fluorinated hydrocarbons, liquid volatile hydrocarbons, compressed gases, etc.; and mixtures thereof.

[0108] For example, a comprehensive list of personal care and cosmetic ingredients and their functions appears in the INCI dictionary, and is typically found in Section 4 of Volume 2 of the seventh edition. Those skilled in the art of formulating personal care and health products recognize that some ingredients are multifunctional and therefore can be used in formulations for more than one purpose.

[0109] Compositions containing the modified xanthan gum according to the invention may also contain alkaline or acidifying compounds for adjusting pH (i.e., pH adjusting materials).

[0110] Buffers can be used in exemplary compositions. Suitable buffers include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, phosphates, bicarbonates, citrates, borates, acetates, acid anhydrides, succinates, etc., such as sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium carbonate.

[0111] The amount of buffer used depends on the desired pH range to be buffered or maintained. Skilled preparers can easily determine this amount.

[0112] Surfactants can be used in the exemplary compositions of the present invention. Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, alkylamide sulfonates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, alkylamide ether sulfonates, alkyl monoglyceride ether sulfates, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl monoglyceride sulfonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates; alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkylamide ether carboxylates, acyl lactates, alkyl hydroxyethyl sulfonates, acyl hydroxyethyl sulfonates, carboxylates, fatty acid soaps, and amino acid-derived surfactants, such as N-alkyl amino acids, N-acyl amino acids, and alkyl peptides. Examples of anionic surfactants also include lauryl ether sulfate, tridecyl ether sulfate, myristyl ether sulfate, and C4 ether sulfate ethoxylated with 1 mole, 2 mole, and 3 mole of ethylene oxide. 12 -C 13 Alkyl alcohol polyether sulfate, C 12 -C 14 Alkyl alcohol polyether sulfate and C 12 -C 15 Sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, and ammonium salts of alkyl alcohol polyether sulfates; sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts of lauryl sulfate, cocoyl alcohol sulfate, tridecyl sulfate, tetradecyl sulfate, hexadecyl sulfate, cetearyl alcohol sulfate, octadecyl sulfate, oleyl alcohol sulfate, and tallow alcohol sulfate; disodium lauroyl sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth polyether sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl oxyethyl sulfonate, sodium lauroyl hydroxyethyl sulfonate, sodium lauroyl methyl hydroxyethyl sulfonate, sodium lauroyl methyl hydroxyethyl sulfonate, C 12 -C 14 Sodium olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl ether-6 carboxylate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, monolauryl triethanolamine phosphate, and fatty acid salts (soaps), including sodium, potassium, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.

[0113] Exemplary compositions in the context of this invention may comprise amino acid surfactants. Suitable amino acid surfactants include, but are not limited to, taurine, glutamate, alanine, alanine salt, sarcosine, aspartate, glycine, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] Suitable cationic surfactants for this technology include, but are not limited to, alkylamines, amamide amines, alkyl imidazolines, ethoxylated amines, quaternary compounds, and quaternized esters. Additionally, alkylamine oxides can be used as cationic surfactants at low pH values.

[0115] Suitable zwitterionic or zwitterionic surfactants according to the invention include, but are not limited to, betaine-based surfactants, sulfobetaine-based surfactants, zwitterionic carboxylate-based surfactants, amine oxides, and combinations thereof.

[0116] Suitable nonionic surfactants in the context of this invention include, but are not limited to: aliphatic (C6-C) 18 Straight-chain or branched primary or secondary acids, alcohols, or phenols; alkyl ethoxylates; alkylphenol alkoxylates (especially ethoxylates and mixed ethoxy / propoxy moieties); block alkyl phenol alkylene oxide condensates; alkyl alcohol alkylene oxide condensates; and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers. Other suitable nonionic surfactants include: mono- or dialkyl alkanolamides; alkyl polyglucosides (APG); sorbitol fatty acid esters; polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters; polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters; polyoxyethylene acids and polyoxyethylene alcohols. Other examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include cocoyl mono- or diethanolamide, cocoyl glucoside, decyl diglucoside, lauryl diglucoside, cocoyl diglucoside, polysorbates 20, 40, 60, and 80, ethoxylated linear alcohols, cetearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, stearic acid, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, lauryl ether-7, and oleyl ether-20. Nonionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated methyl glucosides, such as, for example, those marketed under the trade name Glucam. ® E10, Glucam ® E20, Glucam ® P10 and Glucam ® P20 was purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., consisting of methyl glucetol polyether-10, methyl glucetol polyether-20, PPG-10 methyl glucose ether, and PPG-20 methyl glucose ether; and hydrophobically modified alkoxylated methyl glucosides (such as those marketed under the trade name Glucamate, etc.). ® DOE-120, Glucamate ™ LT and Glucamate ™ SSE-20 (PEG 120 methyl gluconate dioleate, PEG-120 methyl gluconate trioleate, and PEG-20 methyl gluconate sesquistearate, purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.) is also suitable. Other exemplary hydrophobically modified alkoxylated methyl glucosides are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,573,375 and 6,727,357, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0117] When present, the concentration of the surfactant may be from 0.1% to 50% by weight, or from 0.1% to 30% by weight, or from 0.5% to 26% by weight, or from 1% to 22% by weight, or from 5% to 18% by weight, or from 7% to 12% by weight, based on the total weight of the personal care composition.

[0118] Exemplary compositions in the context of this invention may also comprise cationic polymers. Cationic polymers are components that can enhance the delivery and deposition of conditioning agents and / or provide adjunctive conditioning benefits to hair, scalp, or skin to improve and enhance the conditioning benefits delivered by compositions of the present invention. A cationic polymer is a polymer containing at least one cationic moiety or at least one moiety capable of ionizing to form a cationic moiety. Typically, these cationic moieties are nitrogen-containing groups, such as quaternary ammonium or protonated amino groups. The cationic protonated amine can be a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. The cationic charge density of the cationic polymer at the pH at which the composition is intended for use is typically in the range of about 0.2 meq / g to about 7 meq / g. The average molecular weight of the cationic polymer is in the range of about 5,000 Daltons to about 10,000,000 Daltons. Non-limiting examples of such polymers are described via the CTFA website in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary / Handbook (CTFA). International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary / Handbook ).

[0119] Suitable cationic polymers can be synthetically derived or natural polymers, which may be synthetically modified to contain a cationic moiety. Specifically, the cationic polymer contains at least one repeating unit containing a quaternary ammonium salt moiety. Preparation of polymers containing a quaternary ammonium salt moiety can be found, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,288,770, 3,412,019, 4,772,462, and 5,275,809.

[0120] Suitable cationic polymers include chloride salts of the aforementioned quaternized homopolymers and copolymers (where the alkyl groups are methyl or ethyl), and can be Merquat ® The trademark series was purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. The homopolymer prepared from diallyl dimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) (CTFA name: polyquaternium-6) can be trademarked Merquat. ™ 100 and Merquat ™ 106 was obtained. A copolymer prepared from DADMAC and acrylamide (CTFA name: polyquaternium-7) under the trademark Merquat ™ For sale at 550. Another copolymer (CTFA name: Polyquaternium-22) prepared from DADMAC and acrylic acid is marketed under the trademark Merquat. Selling for 280.

[0121] Also useful are amphoteric terpolymers prepared from: a nonionic component derived from acrylamide or methyl acrylate; a cationic component derived from DADMAC or methacrylamide propyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC); and an anionic component derived from acrylic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or a combination of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. An amphoteric terpolymer prepared from acrylic acid, DADMAC, and acrylamide (CTFA name: Polyquaternium-39) can be trademarked Merquat. ™ Plus 3330 and Mequat ™ 3330PR was obtained. Another amphoteric terpolymer (CTFA name: Polyquaternium-47) prepared from acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), and methyl acrylate can be trademarked Merquat. ™ Obtained in 2001. Another amphoteric terpolymer (CTFA name: Polyquaternium-53) prepared from acrylic acid, MAPTAC, and acrylamide can be trademarked Merquat. ™ Received in 2003PR.

[0122] Exemplary cationic modified natural polymers include polysaccharide polymers such as cationic modified cellulose and cationic modified starch derivatives partially modified with quaternary ammonium halides. An exemplary cationic modified cellulose polymer is a salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose (CTFA, polyquaternary ammonium salt-10) reacted with a trimethylammonium-substituted epoxide. Other suitable types of cationic modified cellulose comprise a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose (CTFA, polyquaternary ammonium salt-24) reacted with a lauryl dimethylammonium-substituted epoxide. Cationic modified potato starch with the CTFA name starch hydroxypropyl trichloride is available from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. under the trademark Sensomer. ™ CI-50 obtained.

[0123] Other suitable cationic modified natural polymers include cationic polygalactomannan derivatives, such as guar gum derivatives and cinnamon gum derivatives, for example, CTFA: guar hydroxypropyl trichloride and cinnamon hydroxypropyl trichloride. Guar hydroxypropyl trichloride can be Jaguar... ™ The product name series was obtained from Rhodia Inc., and the N-Hance product name series was obtained from Ashland Inc. Cinnamon Hydroxypropyl Trichloride can be obtained from Sensomer. ™The trademark was acquired from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.

[0124] Based on the total weight of the polymer, the cationic and amphoteric polymers may be present in amounts of about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 3% by weight, or about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight.

[0125] Organosilicon

[0126] Silicone conditioners can be used in compositions employing the modified xanthan gum of the present invention. Optional silicone conditioners may comprise volatile silicones, non-volatile silicones, or combinations thereof.

[0127] Water-soluble or water-dispersible organosilicones can also be used in the disclosed techniques. Such water-soluble organosilicones contain suitable anionic, cationic, and / or nonionic functional groups to make the organosilicon water-soluble or water-dispersible. The water-soluble organosilicon may comprise a polysiloxane backbone to which at least one anionic moiety is grafted. Water-soluble organosilicon copolyols can also be used in the practice of the disclosed techniques.

[0128] Dimethicone copolyols are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,136,063 and 5,180,843, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, dimethicone copolyols are available from General Electric Company (GE-OSi) under the name Silsoft. ® and Silwet ® Trademark names acquired. Specific product names include, but are not limited to, Silsoft 305, 430, 475, 810, 895, Silwet L 7604 (GE-OSi); Dow Corning ® 5103 and 5329 were obtained from Dow Corning Corporation; and Abil ® Polydimethylsiloxane copolyols, such as WE 09, WS 08, EM 90 and EM97, are from Evonik Goldschmidt Corporation; and Silsense. ™ Polydimethylsiloxane copolyols, such as Silsense ™ Copolyol-1 and Silsense ™ Copolyol-7, purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.

[0129] The compositions of this technology may also contain a naturally sourced emollient intended to be used as an organosilicon substitute for cyclopentasiloxane D5, such as those marketed under the trademark Silsense. ™ Bio 5 emollient was purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. as C9-C12 alkanes.

[0130] The concentration of the silicone conditioner or silicone substitute may be in the range of about 0.01% by weight to about 20% by weight, or about 0.05% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 0.1% by weight to about 5% by weight, or about 0.2% by weight to about 3% by weight, all based on the total weight of the composition.

[0131] Suitable conditioning oils that can also be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention as conditioning agents (e.g., for hair, scalp, skin, and nails) include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), including their polymers and mixtures. Straight-chain hydrocarbon oils typically contain about 12 to 19 carbon atoms. Branched-chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbon polymers, will typically contain more than 19 carbon atoms.

[0132] Natural oil conditioning agents can also be used to implement the technology of this invention, and include, but are not limited to, peanut, sesame, avocado, coconut oil, cocoa butter, almond, safflower, corn, cottonseed, sesame seed, walnut oil, castor oil, olive, jojoba, palm, palm kernel, soybean, wheat germ, flaxseed, sunflower seed; eucalyptus oil, lavender oil, vetiver oil, litsea cubeba oil, long pepper oil, lemon oil, sandalwood oil, rosemary oil, chamomile oil, peppermint oil, nutmeg oil, cinnamon oil, hyssop oil, plantain oil, orange oil, geranium oil, juniper oil and bergamot oil, fish oil, tricaprylic acid esters; and mixtures thereof. Natural oils can also be used as emollients.

[0133] Natural and synthetic wax conditioners may be used in the compositions disclosed herein, including but not limited to carnauba wax, carnauba acid wax, hydrolyzed carnauba wax, ethoxylated carnauba wax (e.g., PEG-12 carnauba wax), candelilla wax, hydrolyzed candelilla wax, clover wax, alfalfa wax, paraffin wax, ceresin wax, olive wax, rice bran wax, hydrogenated castor wax, myrica wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax, beeswax, modified beeswax such as cera bellina wax, ethoxylated beeswax (e.g., PEG-6 beeswax, PEG-8 beeswax, PEG-12 beeswax, PEG-20 beeswax), polydimethylsiloxane copolyol beeswax esters and polydimethylsiloxane alcohol beeswax esters (e.g., bis-hydroxyethoxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane beeswax ester, polydimethylsiloxane PEG-8 beeswax and polydimethylsiloxane alcohol beeswax, available from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. under the trademark Ultrabee).® (obtained), marine waxes, polyolefin waxes such as polyethylene wax; and mixtures thereof.

[0134] Liquid polyolefin conditioning oils can be used in the compositions of this invention. Liquid polyolefin conditioning agents are typically hydrogenated polyalphaolefins. The polyolefins used herein can be C4 to about C10. 14 The preparation of the polyolefin liquids by polymerization of olefin monomers. Non-limiting examples of olefin monomers used to prepare the polyolefin liquids described herein include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, hydrogenated α-olefin monomers include, but are not limited to, 1-hexene to 1-hexadecene, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.

[0135] Other suitable components include, but are not limited to, fatty esters having at least 10 carbon atoms. These fatty esters include esters derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g., monoesters, polyol esters, and dicarboxylic acid esters and tricarboxylic acid esters). Fatty esters as described herein may include or have other compatible functional groups covalently bonded thereto, such as amide and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether bonds, etc.). Exemplary fatty esters include, but are not limited to, isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyl decyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, hexadecyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleic acid oleate, myristate oleate, lauryl acetate, hexadecyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.

[0136] Other fatty esters in the compositions applicable to the disclosed technology are of general formula R 50 C(O)OR 51 Monocarboxylic acid esters, of which R 50 and R 51 It is an alkyl or alkenyl radical, and R 50 and R 51 The total number of carbon atoms in the material is at least 10 in one aspect and at least 22 in another aspect of the disclosed technology.

[0137] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are dialkyl and trialkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as esters of C4-C8 dicarboxylic acids (e.g., C1-C5 esters of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid). 22 Ester, preferably C 1-C6Esters). Specific non-limiting examples of dialkyl and trialkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isohexadecanyl stearyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tripearyl citrate. Other fatty esters suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those called polyol esters. Guerbet esters are also suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. Guerbet esters can be formed by esterification of monofunctional or polyfunctional carboxylic acids with Guerbet alcohols. Alternatively, the ester can be formed by reacting a Guerbet acid with a monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohol. For a review of Guerbet chemistry, see O'Lenick, AJ, Jr. 2001. Guerbet chemistry. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 4: 311-315. Gelbert esters are commercially available from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. under the product names G-20, G-36, G-38, and G-66.

[0138] Based on the total weight of the composition, the amount of conditioning oil, wax and ester may be in the range of about 0.05% by weight to about 10% by weight, or about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, or about 1% by weight to about 3% by weight.

[0139] Fatty acids and fatty alcohols can be used in the compositions of this technology. Suitable fatty acids include saturated and unsaturated C8 to C9 fatty acids. 30 Fatty acids. Exemplary fatty acids include, but are not limited to, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, isoleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, codoleic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid), behenic acid, erucic acid, DHA (4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid), tetracosanoic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0140] Alkoxylated fatty acids can also be used in this invention and can be formed by esterification of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide or with pre-formed polymer ethers (e.g., polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol).

[0141] Fatty alcohols suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, saturated and unsaturated C8-C alcohols. 30 Fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols are widely available and can be obtained through the esterification of vegetable and animal oils, as well as the hydrogenation of fats. Suitable ethoxylated fatty alcohols are adducts of fatty alcohols and polyethylene oxide.

[0142] Based on the total weight of the composition, fatty acids and fatty alcohols may be used in amounts ranging from about 0.1% by weight to about 30% by weight, or from about 0.5% by weight to about 25% by weight, or from about 3% by weight to about 20% by weight, or from about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight.

[0143] wetting agent

[0144] Wetting agents are defined as materials that absorb or release water vapor, depending on the relative humidity of the environment (Harry's Cosmeticology, Chemical Publishing Company Inc., 1982, p. 266). Suitable humectants include, but are not limited to, allantoin; pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and its salts; hyaluronic acid and its salts; sorbic acid and its salts; urea, lysine, cysteine ​​and amino acids; polyols such as glycerol, propylene glycol, hexanediol, glycerol, ethoxydiethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane copolyol, sorbitol, and their esters; polyethylene glycol; glycolic acid and glycolates (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkylammonium); deacetylated chitosan; aloe extract; algae extract; honey and its derivatives; inositol; lactic acid and lactates (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkylammonium); sugars and starches (e.g., maltose, glucose, fructose); sugar and starch derivatives (e.g., glucosyl alkoxylated glucose, mannitol, xylitol); DL-panthenol; magnesium ascorbate phosphate, arbutin, kojic acid, lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; etc., and mixtures thereof. Preferred wetting agents include C3 to C6 diols and triols, such as glycerol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof. Ethoxylated methyl glucose ethers containing an average of 5 to 30 moles of ethoxylated methyl glucose are suitable, for example, those obtained under the INCI names lauryl methyl glucose polyoxyethylene ether-10 hydroxypropyl dimethylammonium chloride, methyl glucose polyoxyethylene ether-10, and methyl glucose polyoxyethylene ether-20.

[0145] Based on the total weight of the composition, such wetting agents may be present in the composition from 0.01% by weight to 20% by weight, such as at least 0.1% by weight, or at least 1% by weight, for example, up to 8% by weight, or up to 5% by weight.

[0146] Skin-sensing agents help users to sensorily confirm the adequacy, activity, and evenness of application. Some non-limiting examples of skin-sensing agents are described in U.S. Patents 4,230,688, 4,136,163, 6,183,766, and 7,001,594, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of suitable skin-sensing agents include menthyl succinate, camphor, carvone, eucalyptol, tetrazol oil, ethylformamide, ethylmenthaneformamide, eucalyptol, eucalyptol, ginger oil, L-isomenthol, menthol, menthone glycerol acetal, menthoxy-1,2-propanediol, menthyl lactate, methyl diisopropylpropionamide, methyl salicylate, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, trimethylbutyramide, vanillyl butyl ether, or combinations thereof.

[0147] Based on the total weight of the composition, the sensing agent may be included in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight in one aspect, and in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight in another aspect.

[0148] The composition of this technology may also contain an aroma or fragrance component, which, based on the weight of the composition, may range from about 0.000001% by weight to about 2% by weight, or from about 0.00001% by weight to about 1.5% by weight, or from 0.0001% by weight to about 1% by weight, or from about 0.001% by weight to about 0.8% by weight.

[0149] Any preservative suitable for personal care can be used in the compositions of the present invention. Suitable preservatives include: polymethoxybicyclooxazolidinyl, methylparaben, propylparaben, ethylparaben, butylparaben, benzyltriazole, DMDM ​​hydantoin (also known as 1,3-dimethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin), imidazolidinyl urea, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethylparaben, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzisothiazolinone, and suitable polyquaternary ammonium salt compounds as disclosed above (e.g., polyquaternary ammonium salt-1). Acid-based preservatives may also be used in the exemplary compositions. Exemplary acids are, but are not limited to, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid, caprylic acid and benzoic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, mandelic acid, diphenylethanolic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0150] Salts of the aforementioned acids are also useful, provided they remain effective at low pH values. Suitable salts include alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium, potassium, and calcium salts) and ammonium salts of the acids listed above.

[0151] Acid-based preservatives and / or their salts may be used alone or in combination with non-acid preservatives commonly used in personal care, home care, healthcare, and institutional and industrial care products.

[0152] Examples of suitable antimicrobial agents that may be used in this document include, but are not limited to, 2-hydroxy-4,2',4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether (TCS), 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxychlorobenzene (PCMX), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbonylaniline (TCC), 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4'-dichlorocarbonylaniline (TFC), 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5',6,6'-hexachlorodiphenylmethane, and 2,2'-dihydroxy- Salts of 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorodiphenylmethane, 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',dibromo-5,5'-dichlorodiphenylmethane, 2-hydroxy-4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ether, 2-hydroxy-3,5',4-tribromodiphenyl ether, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (Octopirox), 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide, salicylic acid, and other organic acids. Other suitable antimicrobial agents are described in U.S. Patents 3,835,057, 4,714,653, and 6,488,943.

[0153] The compositions and products in the context of this invention can be combined with antioxidants. Non-limiting examples include EDTA and its salts, citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), tocopherol derivatives such as tocopheryl acetate, and mixtures thereof.

[0154] Based on the weight of the total composition, the preservative, antibacterial agent and antioxidant may account for about 0.01% to 3.0% by weight, or about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, or about 0.3% to about 1% by weight.

[0155] The compositions of the present invention can be prepared into anhydrous or aqueous formulations, as well as formulations containing water-miscible auxiliary solvents and / or diluents, but are not limited thereto. The compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for aqueous, solvent-based, hydroalcohol-based, and mixed solvent formulations, as well as formulations containing water-miscible auxiliary solvents. Commonly used useful solvents are typically liquids, such as water (deionized water, distilled water, or purified water), alcohols, fatty alcohols, polyols, etc., and mixtures thereof. Non-aqueous or hydrophobic auxiliary solvents are commonly used in substantially anhydrous products, such as nail polish, aerosol propellant sprays, or for specific functions, such as removing oily dirt, sebum, cosmetics, or for dissolving dyes, fragrances, etc., or incorporated into the oil phase of emulsions. Non-limiting examples of auxiliary solvents other than water include straight-chain and branched alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, hexanol, etc.; aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, etc.; saturated C 12 To C 30Fatty alcohols, such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, betaine alcohol, etc. Non-limiting examples of polyols include polyhydroxy alcohols, such as glycerol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol, C2 to C4 alkoxylated alcohols and C2 to C4 alkoxylated polyols (such as alcohols, glycols and ethoxylated, propoxylated and butoxylated ethers of polyols having about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms and 1 to about 40 alkoxy units), polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol, etc. Non-limiting examples of non-aqueous auxiliary solvents or diluents include organosilicones and organosilicon derivatives (such as cyclomethicone oil, etc.), ketones (such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone); natural and synthetic oils and waxes (such as vegetable oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, essential oils, mineral oils, C7 to C4 hydroxyl groups, etc.). 40 Isoalkanes, alkyl carboxylic acid esters (such as ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, ethyl lactate, etc.), jojoba oil, shark liver oil, etc.). Some of the aforementioned non-aqueous auxiliary solvents or diluents may also be conditioning agents and emulsifiers.

[0156] In the context of this invention, natural and / or synthetic agents (or combinations thereof) may also be used to obtain enhanced thickening properties. Those skilled in the art will readily select suitable thickeners and their amounts to achieve the desired rheological properties. Non-limiting examples of natural thickeners are tree and shrub exudates (guar gum, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, gum acacia), seed extracts (guar gum, cinnamon gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed), seaweed extracts (carrageenan, alginate, agar), fruit extracts (pectin, wax), cereals and roots (corn starch, potato starch, etc.), microbial polysaccharides (xanthan gum, dextran), modified natural products (cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose gum, etc.); and hydrophobically modified ethoxylated methyl glucosides (such as Glucamate, respectively). ™ DOE-120, Glucamate ™ LT and VLT, and Glucamate ™ SSE-20, purchased from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc., is also suitable as a thickener in the form of PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, PEG-120 methyl glucose trioleate, and PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate. Non-limiting examples of synthetic thickeners include polyethylene glycol (PEG) having 5 to 200 diol units, such as, for example, those obtainable under the INCI names PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-12, PEG-20, PEG-30, PEG-32, PEG-75, PEG-90, PEG-100, and PEG-200; acrylic acid / methacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers; acrylamide homopolymers and copolymers; and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). ®Polymers prepared from monomers.

[0157] Another class of suitable synthetic thickeners comprises hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion polymers commonly referred to as (HASE) polymers. Typical HASE polymers are free radical addition polymers polymerized from: pH-sensitive or hydrophilic monomers (e.g., acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid), and hydrophobic monomers (e.g., C1-C of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid). 30 Alkyl esters, acrylonitrile, styrene), "associative monomers" and optional crosslinking monomers.

[0158] Exemplary HASE polymers are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,657,175, 4,384,096, 4,464,524, 4,801,671, and 5,292,843, which are incorporated herein by reference. In addition, a comprehensive review of HASE polymers can be found in the following literature: Gregory D. Shay, “Alkali-Swellable and Alkali-Soluble Thickener Technology A Review,” Chapter 25; “Polymers in Aqueous Media - Performance Through Association,” Advances in Chemistry Series 223, J. Edward Glass (ed.), ACS, pp. 457-494, Division Polymeric Materials, Washington, D.C. (1989). Relevant public information from these literatures is incorporated herein by reference.

[0159] If used, the thickener may comprise about 0.01% by weight to about 5% by weight of the total weight of the personal care composition. On the other hand, the amount is in the range of about 0.1% by weight to about 3% by weight of the total weight of the personal care composition, and on another hand, it is in the range of about 0.1% by weight to about 2.0% by weight.

[0160] Viscosity modifiers are used in cosmetics to enhance the flowability of products without significantly reducing the concentration of active ingredients. Suitable viscosity modifiers (if present) comprise organic and inorganic compounds and combinations thereof. Examples of organic compounds include ethanol, isopropanol, sorbitol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, butylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. Examples of inorganic compounds include sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and mixtures thereof. If a viscosity modifier is used, in one aspect, the viscosity modifier typically constitutes about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition, and about 1% to about 5% by weight.

[0161] The compositions disclosed in this invention may contain active ingredients or pharmaceutical active agents. In the context of this invention, as used herein, "personal care active ingredient" refers to an ingredient that improves or enhances physical appearance. They are also commonly referred to as "cosmetic active ingredients."

[0162] Non-limiting examples of ingredients commonly used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to: (i) anti-wrinkle agents, botulinum toxin-like agents and / or anti-aging agents; (ii) firming agents, skin elastin agents and / or remodeling agents; (iii) moisturizers; (iv) anti-photoaging agents and / or blue light protectants; DNA protectants, DNA repair agents and / or stem cell protectants; (v) free radical scavengers and / or anti-glycation agents, detoxifying agents, antioxidants and / or anti-pollution agents; (v) agents that increase the transdermal absorption of any active compound present therein; (vi) antiperspirants; (vii) melanin synthesis stimulants or inhibitors; whitening agents or depigmenting agents; pigmentation promoters; tanning agents; (viii) lipolytic agents or agents that stimulate lipolytication, lipogenic agents, etc.

[0163] Suitable active ingredients in the context of this invention include, but are not limited to, peptides, proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, enzymes, vitamins, mineral salts, sugars, nucleotides, nucleic acids, molecules and extracts of biological and biotechnological origin, plant extracts, cell extracts, essential oils, molecules of synthetic or natural origin, isoflavones, polyphenols, retinol, hyaluronic acid, and / or mixtures thereof.

[0164] Based on the total weight of the composition, the active ingredient can typically be used at a concentration of 0.001% to 10% by weight, or 0.1% to 5% by weight, or 0.2% to 3% by weight.

[0165] The invention will be better understood by referring to the following embodiments, which are used to illustrate the invention but do not limit it.

[0166] Example

[0167] Experimental methods and measurements

[0168] Brinell viscosity measurement method : Viscosity and yield value were determined using a Brinell viscometer. The sample fluid was kept as free of entrained air as possible and maintained at a constant temperature of 25°C (i.e., from a water bath or oven).

[0169] Insert the viscometer mandrel into the sample at 25°C. Set the viscometer to different speeds: 0.5 rpm, 1 rpm, 2.5 rpm, 5 rpm, 10 rpm, and 20 rpm, allowing the mandrel to rotate at the selected rpm for 2 minutes (for 0.5 rpm) and 1 minute (for all other rpms). The mandrel was selected to ensure that the % torque reading was between 10% and 90%. Calculate the yield value using the viscosity values ​​at 0.5 rpm and 1 rpm, where yield value = (viscosity at 0.5 rpm – viscosity at 1 rpm) / 100.

[0170] Coagulation determination

[0171] Unless otherwise specified, emulsion coalescence is determined by visual inspection and rated from 0 to 5, where: 0 indicates a thick film of oil visually formed on the surface; 1 indicates a slight film formed on the surface; 2 indicates an oil pool; 3 indicates numerous droplets of varying sizes; 4 indicates a small number of droplets; and 5 indicates no visible oil droplets.

[0172] Example 1

[0173] Synthetic cross-linked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum .

[0174] A 60 wt% isopropanol / water mixture (462.41 g) was added to a four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, a glass stirring shaft with Teflon blades, a nitrogen adapter, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 200 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. Xanthan gum (108.58 g) was slowly added to the flask via a powder funnel while stirring to provide a slurry. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 16.02 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.32. The temperature was set at 60 °C. Glycidyl ether HAGE-16 (9.20 g) from Sachem, Inc. (Texas, USA) was melted in an oven at 115 °C for 10 minutes and dissolved in isopropanol (7.87 g). The solution was loaded into the reactor at 60°C and rinsed with isopropanol (6.07 g). Heloxy from Hexion Inc. (Ohio, USA) was weighed using a 1 mL syringe. ™67 (1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether) (0.834 g) was added to the reactor immediately after HAGE-16. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40°C and the pH was 12.18. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.84 with glacial acetic acid (5.98 g). The solids were recovered by filtration using a Millipore pressure filter, and the filter cake was washed for 30 minutes in a 1 L flask with 80 wt% isopropanol (303.45 g) using an overhead stirrer with marine mixing blades. The product was recovered by filtration, and the filter cake was dried in an aluminum pan in a vacuum oven set to 80°C for 4 hours. The resulting brown powder had 94.6 wt% total solids. The 0.5 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a Pa of 1403 ± 42.9 mPa. The Brinell viscosity of s (average of 3 parallel measurements at 20 rpm).

[0175] Example 2

[0176] Several compositions were produced by varying the alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic compound and its molar degree of substitution (MS) on the polymer, which was calculated as the molar ratio of the hydrophobic compound to each glycoside unit (AGU). The alkyl chain length was C8 to C98. 22 The range was within the range of 0.002-0.05, and MS was in the range of 0.002-0.05. Compared with natural xanthan gum, modified xanthan gum showed an overall increase in dispersion viscosity and yield value. Figure 1 Using 20% ​​by weight Schercemol ™ The emulsion properties were monitored using an oil-in-water system of 318 (INCI: isopropyl isostearate from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, INC), 0.5 wt% xanthan gum polymer, and 0.5 wt% phenoxyethanol. Ultra-Turrax was used. ® Homogenizers were used to homogenize at 10,000 rpm for one minute. Importantly, all emulsions containing hydrophobically modified xanthan gum polymers were stable to paste formation at 50°C for four weeks during the stability test, compared to control polymers that underwent the same reaction conditions but without the hydrophobicity. However, significant reductions in viscosity and yield value, as well as poor texture and coalescence grade, were observed during the stability test (Table 1).

[0177] surface 1. contain 20 weight % Isopropyl isostearate, 0.5 weight % polymers and 0.5 weight % Phenoxyethanol emulsion The result of the liquid .

[0178]

[0179] Example 3

[0180] Xanthan gum was subjected to C at MS=0.05. 16 - Modification. The sample was dried at high temperature (115°C) or low temperature (60°C). Stability was monitored at 50°C for 4 weeks.

[0181] The performance of hydrophobically modified xanthan gum under heat treatment resulted in the discovery that the polymer crosslinked upon drying at 115°C after the reaction. This led to an increase in viscosity and yield value, but on the other hand, had a detrimental effect on long-term stability. When the hydrophobically modified xanthan gum was dried at 60°C, the viscosity and yield value of the emulsion were maintained during aging, and no paste-like layer was observed (Table 2).

[0182] Table 2. Emulsion results of polymers dried at low or high temperatures. All samples were analyzed by MS = 0.05 C. 16 change Sexuality. The emulsion contains 0.5% by weight polymer, 20% by weight caprylic / capric triglycerides, and 0.5% by weight phenoxyethanol, and is... Homogenize at 10,000 rpm for one minute. .

[0183]

[0184] Example 4

[0185] The effect of using a crosslinking agent during the reaction was investigated by simultaneously adding 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and alkyl glycidyl ether in different amounts relative to xanthan gum, ranging from 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt%, and compared with the same method but without BDDE. Figure 2 The figure shows C with MS=0.05. 16 Rheological results of crosslinked xanthan gum dispersions with hydrophobic crosslinking. For a polymer dispersion of 0.5 wt%, increasing the crosslinking agent leads to an increase in viscosity, but at 1.0 wt%, the viscosity is reduced due to decreased particle swelling and polymer overlap concentration. c With the increase of ), no linear viscoelastic region (LVER) was observed. Increasing the polymer dispersion to 1.0 wt% resulted in the highest viscosity of the crosslinked polymer at 1.0 wt%, and no difference was observed between the 0.1 wt% crosslinked polymer and the uncrosslinked polymer.

[0186] The emulsions prepared using this series followed the same trend as the dispersion rheology – increasing the crosslinking dosage resulted in higher emulsion viscosity. The coalescence grade after aging at 50°C for four weeks also improved significantly with increasing crosslinking dosage; however, for the highest crosslinking level studied, an undesirable applesauce texture was observed. Importantly, unlike hydrophobic xanthan gum crosslinked via dry heat (i.e., 115°C), these diglycidyl ether crosslinked polymers maintained stable viscosity and yield values ​​during aging at elevated temperatures (Table 3).

[0187] Table 3. Viscosities of emulsions containing cross-linked and hydrophobic xanthan gum during aging studies at 50°C. The emulsions contain... 0.5% by weight polymer, 20% by weight caprylic / capric triglyceride and 0.5% by weight phenoxyethanol .

[0188]

[0189] Table 4. Coagulation grade of emulsions containing cross-linked and hydrophobic xanthan gum. Using 0.5% by weight of modified xanthan gum and 20% by weight of modified xanthan gum... Emulsion prepared from caprylic / capric triglycerides (wt%) .

[0190]

[0191] Xanthan gum modified with 0.5% by weight crosslinking agent provides a better balance between increased efficiency and coalescence stability compared to xanthan gum, while still providing an acceptable texture (Table 4).

[0192] Example 5

[0193] In emulsions containing 20% ​​by weight caprylic / capric triglycerides, the polymer usage level gradually increased from 0.5% by weight to 1.5% by weight (Tables 5 and 6).

[0194] Table 5. Viscosity depends on the polymer usage level in emulsions containing 20% ​​by weight caprylic / capric triglycerides. .

[0195]

[0196] Table 6. Emulsion coalescence grades at different polymer usage levels (5 for best performance, 0 for worst performance). The liquid contains 20% by weight caprylic / capric triglycerides. .

[0197]

[0198] Good coalescence properties were observed at 0.7 wt% polymer (without co-emulsifier), and a viscosity >8000 mPa was achieved at 1.5 wt% polymer. The gel / cream texture is minimal.

[0199] Example 6

[0200] Samples were synthesized to verify the practicality of hydrophobic and crosslinked xanthan gum: crosslinked xanthan gum without added hydrophobic agents and xanthan gum subjected to the same reaction conditions without crosslinking agents or hydrophobic agents. Dispersion rheology of 0.5 wt% dispersions showed a decrease in viscosity for xanthan gum without crosslinking agents or hydrophobic groups. When a crosslinking agent was added to the reaction but without hydrophobic agents, the viscosity remained lower than that of natural xanthan gum, but higher than that of xanthan gum subjected to the same reaction conditions without crosslinking agents, thus demonstrating some recovery of efficiency through crosslinking. The sample with the highest viscosity was xanthan gum that was both hydrophobically modified and crosslinked (Table 7).

[0201] Table 7. Xanthan gum containing hydrophobic and cross-linked xanthan gum, non-hydrophobic but cross-linked xanthan gum, or non-hydrophobic and non-cross-linked xanthan gum. Viscosity and yield strength of the raw rubber emulsion. The emulsion contains 0.5 wt% polymer and 20 wt% caprylic / capric triglycerides. .

[0202]

[0203] The emulsions of these control reactions (containing 20 wt% caprylic / capric triglycerides and 0.5 wt% xanthan gum polymer) exhibited similar trends in rheology to the dispersions. Figure 3 When only the hydrophobic component is omitted from the reaction, but a crosslinking agent is present, the initial viscosity and yield value are similar to those of hydrophobic and crosslinked xanthan gum. However, the absence of both the hydrophobic component and the crosslinking agent reduces both the viscosity and yield value of the emulsion. Optical microscopic images of each of these emulsions reveal the smallest particle size of the emulsion containing hydrophobic and crosslinked xanthan gum. Figure 4 A). After aging each emulsion at 50°C for four weeks, the emulsion containing hydrophobic and cross-linked xanthan gum exhibited a significantly better degree of aggregation than any of the control reactions. Figure 4 (B and Table 8). This demonstrates that while the initial physical quality of the emulsion can be achieved using only cross-linked xanthan gum, the hydrophobic portion is necessary to provide emulsification, and neither optimal viscosity nor stability can be achieved without polymer modification.

[0204] Table 8. Cohesion grades of 20% by weight caprylic / capric triglyceride emulsions containing different types of polymers (of which 5) (where 0 is the best grade and 0 is the worst grade) .

[0205]

[0206] Example 7

[0207] The effects of hydrophobic chain length and MS on emulsion properties were investigated. 16 Compared to modified and cross-linked xanthan gum, the alkyl chain length is reduced to C. 12 (Lauryl) and C8 (2-ethylhexyl) glycidyl ether, each with an MS of 0.025. The dispersion efficiencies of these three polymers are approximately equal, such as... Figure 5 As shown. Similarly, the viscosity of emulsions containing 0.5% by weight of polymer is also very similar (Table 9), but compared to C8 polymer, C... 16 Polymers and C 12 Both polymers exhibit slightly better coalescence stability.

[0208] Table 9. Viscosities of emulsions containing modified xanthan gum polymers with different alkyl chain lengths. The emulsion contains 0.5... % polymer by weight and 20% caprylic / capric triglycerides by weight .

[0209]

[0210] C 16 The MS of the modified xanthan gum polymer increased from 0.05 to 0.3. Interestingly, at 0.5 wt% xanthan gum polymer, no significant difference in dispersion viscosity was observed, and the complex viscosities from amplitude scans were essentially overlapping. Figure 6 ).

[0211] Similar results were observed for emulsions prepared from these samples (0.6 wt% polymer in 20 wt% caprylic / capric triglycerides). The initial viscosity and yield value of the emulsions were similar (Table 10).

[0212] Table 10. Viscosity and yield strength of emulsions containing 20% ​​by weight caprylic / capric triglycerides and 0.6% by weight polymer Value. Polymers with different molar substitutions of C 16 .

[0213]

[0214] Example 8

[0215] Emulsion stability was also evaluated using an emulsion containing 20 wt% caprylic / capric triglycerides at pH 5.5, varying with polymer usage levels. For all emulsions with a polymer concentration ≥0.6 wt%, acceptable coalescence grades were observed after one week of aging at 50°C (Table 11). A range of viscosities was also observed.

[0216] Table 11. O / W emulsions containing modified xanthan gum from Example 1 at increased usage levels. The emulsions contain 20 Caprylic / capric triglycerides (wt%), pH 5.5 .

[0217]

[0218] Example 9

[0219] Due to the inherent stabilizing effect of the modified xanthan gum in Example 1, only a small amount of co-surfactant is needed to enhance the emulsion properties. As low as 0.25% by weight of Hydramol. ™ TGL ester (INCI: polyglycerol-3-laurate from Lubrizol Advance Materials, Inc.) achieved a satisfactory coalescence grade after aging at 50°C for four weeks with 0.5 wt% modified xanthan gum. Sodium stearoyl glutamate, even at a slightly higher level of 0.5 wt%, also improved coalescence. Glucate ™ DO (INCI: methyl glucoside dioleate from Lubrizol Advance Materials, Inc.) showed no improvement; therefore, co-emulsifiers with medium to high HLB levels combined with the modified xanthan gum according to the invention provided better results (Table 12).

[0220] Table 12. Various co-emulsifiers containing 0.25 wt% and 0.5 wt%, and glycerol containing 20 wt% caprylic / capric triglycerides. The coalescence grade of the emulsion of ester and 0.5% by weight of modified xanthan gum from Example 1 after aging at 50°C for four weeks. The coalescence grade was 0. As the worst performance, 5 is the best performance. .

[0221]

[0222] Electrolyte tolerance was also evaluated by adding 0.5 wt% NaCl or MgSO4 to an emulsion containing 0.7 wt% of the modified xanthan gum of Example 1 and 20 wt% of caprylic / capric triglycerides. Emulsion viscosity and yield value were unaffected by salt addition, but the coalescence grade decreased. Adding 0.1 wt% polyglycerol-3-laurate to the emulsion improved the initial coalescence grade (Table 13).

[0223] Table 13. Emulsion evaluation with the addition of 0.5 wt% NaCl or MgSO4. The emulsion contains 0.7 wt% of the actual product. Example 1: Modified xanthan gum and 20% by weight caprylic / capric triglyceride oil. Data collected prior to aging. .

[0224]

[0225] The modified xanthan gum of this invention was also found to be stable in formulations with a pH range of 4 to 8, allowing for a wide range of skin care applications. Emulsions prepared using higher shear rates under various processing conditions showed that shear did not adversely affect polymer properties. Furthermore, the modified xanthan gum of this invention is compatible with diols including Glucam. ™ E-20 moisturizer (from Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc.), Zemea ® Propylene glycol (derived from CovationBio PDO LLC) and glycerin reduce hydration time without adversely affecting viscosity.

[0226] Example 9

[0227] Prepare cleaning agents as shown in Table 14.

[0228] Table 14. Cleaning formulations with or without modified xanthan gum .

[0229]

[0230] As shown in Table 14 and Figure 7 As illustrated, the oil droplet size of formulations containing the modified xanthan gum according to the present invention is significantly reduced.

[0231] Example 10

[0232] The cleaning agents are prepared as shown in Table 15.

[0233] Table 15. Cleaning formulations with or without modified xanthan gum .

[0234]

[0235] As shown in Table 15 and Figure 8 As illustrated, xanthan gum significantly reduces droplet size.

[0236] Example 11

[0237] The cleaning agents are prepared as shown in Table 16.

[0238] Table 16. Cleaning agents for suspending air using modified xanthan gum .

[0239]

[0240] As shown in Table 16, modified xanthan gum can significantly improve the suspension of substances other than oils (such as air) by improving overall rheological properties (demonstrated by increased viscosity, yield value, and physical suspension of air at elevated temperatures). The ability to suspend visually appealing components (such as air, beads, effect pigments, pearlescent agents, etc.) can be used to enhance overall consumer perception and acceptance of personal care products.

[0241] Example 12

[0242] Prepare the cleaning composition as shown in Table 17: Table 17. Cleaning agents for suspending air using modified xanthan gum .

[0243]

[0244] Example 13

[0245] The cleaning agents are prepared as shown in Table 18.

[0246] Table 18. Cleaning agents for suspending air using modified xanthan gum .

[0247]

[0248] Example 14

[0249] The cleaning agents are prepared as shown in Table 19.

[0250] Table 19. Cleaning agents for suspending oil using modified xanthan gum .

[0251]

[0252] Significant viscosity synergy was observed between modified xanthan gum and cellulose (and) cellulose gum.

[0253] Example 15

[0254] A 60 wt% isopropanol / water mixture (94.8 g) was charged into a four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, a glass stirring shaft with Teflon blades, a nitrogen adapter, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 200 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. Xanthan gum (21.7 g) was slowly added to the flask via a powder funnel while stirring to provide a slurry. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 3.2 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.2. The temperature was set at 60 °C. Glycidyl ether HAGE-16 (5.5 g) from Sachem, Inc. (Texas, USA) was melted in an oven at 115 °C for 10 minutes and dissolved in isopropanol (15.6 g). Epichlorohydrin (42 μL) was added to 7.0 g of this solution, and then the mixture was charged into the reactor at 60 °C. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40°C and the pH was 12.3. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.7 with glacial acetic acid (1.7 g). The solids were recovered by vacuum filtration, and the filter cake was washed for 30 minutes in a 1 L flask with 80 wt% isopropanol (400 g) using a top-mounted stirrer with marine mixing blades. The product was recovered by filtration, and the filter cake was dried in an aluminum pan in a vacuum oven set to 80°C for 4 hours. The resulting brown powder had a total solids content of 97.2 wt%. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a pH of 9520 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0255] Example 16

[0256] A 60 wt% isopropanol / water mixture (94.8 g) was charged into a four-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a thermocouple, a glass stirring shaft with Teflon blades, a nitrogen adapter, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 200 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. Xanthan gum (21.8 g) was slowly added to the flask via a powder funnel while stirring to provide a slurry. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 3.2 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.2. The temperature was set at 60 °C. Glycidyl ether HAGE-16 (5.5 g) from Sachem, Inc. (Texas, USA) was melted in an oven at 115 °C for 10 minutes and dissolved in isopropanol (15.6 g). Epichlorohydrin (20 μL) was added to 7.0 g of this solution, and then the mixture was charged into the reactor at 60 °C. Nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40°C and the pH was 12.3. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.9 with glacial acetic acid (1.8 g). The solids were recovered by vacuum filtration, and the filter cake was washed for 30 minutes in a 1 L flask with 80 wt% isopropanol (400 g) using a top-mounted stirrer with marine mixing blades. The product was recovered by filtration, and the filter cake was dried in an aluminum pan in a vacuum oven set to 80°C for 4 hours. The resulting brown powder had 95.6 wt% total solids. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a strength of 6830 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0257] Example 17

[0258] 60 wt% isopropanol / water (351.2 g) was charged into a jacketed glass pressure / filtration reactor and a four-necked cap equipped with thermocouples, a glass stirring shaft, a nitrogen inlet, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 400 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. Xanthan gum (81.4 g) was slowly added to the reactor via a powder funnel to provide a slurry while stirring. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 12.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.8. The temperature was set at 60 °C. 1-Chlorooctadecane (6.7 g) and Heloxy from Hexion Inc. (Ohio, USA) were also added. ™67 (1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether) (0.6 g) was dissolved in isopropanol (19.0 g). The solution was charged into the reactor at 60 °C. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40 °C, and the pH was 11.9. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.5 with glacial acetic acid (6.2 g). The solids were recovered by pressure filtration, and the filter cake was redispersed in 80 wt% isopropanol (500 g) and washed for 30 min. The product was recovered by pressure filtration. The filter cake was removed from the reactor and dried in a vacuum oven set to 70 °C for 4 h. The resulting brown powder had 95.4 wt% total solids. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a strength of 5590 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0259] Example 18

[0260] 60 wt% isopropanol / water (354.0 g) was charged into a jacketed glass pressure / filtration reactor and a four-necked cap equipped with thermocouples, a glass stirring shaft, a nitrogen inlet, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 400 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. Xanthan gum (81.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor via a powder funnel to provide a slurry while stirring. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 12.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.8. The temperature was set at 60 °C. 1-Chlorododecane (4.9 g) and Heloxy from Hexion Inc. (Ohio, USA) were also added. ™ 67 (1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether) (0.6 g) was dissolved in isopropanol (17.0 g). The solution was charged into the reactor at 60 °C. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40 °C, and the pH was 11.9. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.1 with glacial acetic acid (6.9 g). The solids were recovered by pressure filtration, and the filter cake was redispersed in 80 wt% isopropanol (500 g) and washed for 30 min. The product was recovered by pressure filtration. The filter cake was removed from the reactor and dried in a vacuum oven set to 70 °C for 4 h. The resulting brown powder had 95.6 wt% total solids. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a strength of 5540 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0261] Example 19

[0262] A 60 wt% isopropanol / water mixture (355.0 g) was charged into a jacketed glass pressure / filtration reactor and a four-necked cap equipped with a thermocouple, glass stirring shaft, nitrogen inlet, and condenser. The solvent was stirred at 400 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. While stirring, xanthan gum (81.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor via a powder funnel to provide a slurry. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 12.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.7. The temperature was set at 60 °C. Glycidyl ether HAGE-16 (6.9 g) from Sachem, Inc. (Texas, USA) was melted and dissolved in isopropanol (21.1 g) in an oven at 115 °C for 10 minutes. 1,4-Dichlorobutane (0.39 g) was added to the subsequent solution and the reactor was loaded at 60 °C. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40 °C and the pH was 11.9. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.1 with glacial acetic acid (6.5 g). The solids were recovered by pressure filtration, and the filter cake was redispersed in 80 wt% isopropanol (500 g) and washed for 30 min. The product was recovered by pressure filtration. The filter cake was removed from the reactor and dried in a vacuum oven set to 70 °C for 4 h. The resulting brown powder had 96.2 wt% total solids. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a strength of 3400 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0263] Example 20

[0264] 60 wt% isopropanol / water (355.7 g) was added to a jacketed glass pressure / filtration reactor and a four-necked cap equipped with thermocouples, a glass stirring shaft, a nitrogen inlet, and a condenser. The solvent was stirred at 400 rpm while the headspace was purged with nitrogen at 0.4 L / min. While stirring, xanthan gum (81.4 g) was slowly added to the reactor via a powder funnel to provide a slurry. After 5 minutes, sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 12.0 g) was slowly added to the reactor while stirring and purging with nitrogen. The pH of the reaction solution was 12.7. The temperature was set at 60 °C. Glycidyl ether HAGE-16 (6.9 g) from Sachem, Inc (Texas, USA) was melted in an oven at 115 °C for 10 minutes and dissolved in isopropanol (19.5 g). Poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether Mw 380 g was added. mol -1(1.1 g) was added to the subsequent solution and loaded into the reactor at 60°C. The nitrogen flow rate was reduced to 0.185 L / min. After 3 hours, the reaction was cooled to 40°C and the pH was 11.9. The mixture was neutralized to pH 6.1 with glacial acetic acid (6.2 g). The solids were recovered by pressure filtration, and the filter cake was redispersed in 80 wt% isopropanol (500 g) and washed for 30 min. The product was recovered by pressure filtration. The filter cake was removed from the reactor and dried in a vacuum oven set to 70°C for 4 h. The resulting brown powder had 97.4 wt% total solids. A 1 wt% dispersion of the product in water had a strength of 4080 mPa. Brinell viscosity at s (20 rpm).

[0265] The invention has been explained with respect to its preferred embodiments; however, it should be understood that various modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention disclosed herein is intended to cover these modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum, wherein a portion of the hydrogen atoms of the pendant hydroxyl groups of the main chain is replaced by at least one hydrophobic portion according to formula (I): (I)– (A) a -(O) b -R Where A is selected from divalent straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene groups; R is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; a is 0 or 1, and b is 0 or 1, provided that b is 0 when a is 0; and The xanthan gum is crosslinked with a multifunctional crosslinking agent, the multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising, based on the total weight of the xanthan gum, an amount of epoxy functional groups to 1% by weight and / or alkyl halide functional groups.

2. The modified xanthan gum according to claim 1, wherein a is 1 and b is 1.

3. The modified xanthan gum according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the divalent alkylene group A is represented by formula (II) or (III): (II) ; (III) 。 4. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the R group is a saturated hydrocarbon group.

5. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the R group is a straight-chain hydrocarbon group.

6. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon group has 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

7. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon group has 16 carbon atoms.

8. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the average molar degree of substitution of the xanthan gum by the hydrophobic substituent is in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, or 0.01 to 0.4, or 0.025 to 0.

3.

9. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the crosslinking agent is a polyfunctional alkyl halide.

10. The modified xanthan gum according to claim 9, wherein the polyfunctional alkyl halide comprises ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, myristyl, hexadecyl, stearyl or benzyl dibromide, dichloride or diiodide.

11. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the crosslinking agent is an epihaloalcohol, preferably epichlorohydrin.

12. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the crosslinking agent is polyglycidyl ether.

13. The modified xanthan gum according to claim 12, wherein the polyglycidyl ether is selected from the group consisting of: glycerol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol diglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, sorbitol diglycidyl ether, sorbitol triglycidyl ether, sorbitol tetraglycidyl ether, sorbitol pentaglycidyl ether and sorbitol hexaglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (NOGE).

14. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the crosslinking agent is 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether.

15. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the crosslinking agent is from 0.2% to 0.8% by weight based on the total weight of the xanthan gum.

16. The modified xanthan gum according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the amount of the crosslinking agent is from 0.4% to 0.6% by weight based on the total weight of the xanthan gum.

17. An oil-in-water emulsion, said oil-in-water emulsion comprising: -Aqueous phase; -The oil phase dispersed in the aqueous phase; and - Crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. The emulsion of claim 17, wherein the concentration of the modified xanthan gum is from 0.01% to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion.

19. The emulsion according to claim 18, wherein the concentration of the modified xanthan gum is from 0.2% to 1.5% by weight, or from 0.5% to 1.25% by weight.

20. The emulsion according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the concentration of the oil phase is from 5% to 40% by weight or from 10% to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the emulsion.

21. The emulsion according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the oil phase comprises oils selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters, fatty acid monoglycerides, fatty acid diglycerides and fatty acid triglycerides, and mixtures thereof.

22. The emulsion according to any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the emulsion further comprises a co-emulsifier having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value equal to or greater than 6.

23. The emulsion of claim 22, wherein the co-emulsifier has an HLB value of 10 or higher.

24. The emulsion according to claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the co-emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of amino acid-based surfactants and (poly)glycerol fatty acids.

25. The emulsion according to any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the concentration of the co-emulsifier is from 0.1% to 1% by weight.

26. The emulsion according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the viscosity, as measured at 20 rpm at room temperature, is in the range of 1,000 mPa·s to 9,000 mPa·s.

27. A method for stabilizing an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, the method comprising the step of mixing crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16 with the oil phase and the aqueous phase.

28. Use of crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16 for stabilizing emulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase.

29. A personal care formulation comprising crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or an emulsion composition according to claims 17 to 26.

30. A cleaning or fabric care composition comprising crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

31. A method for preparing crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum according to any one of claims 1 to 16, the method comprising reacting xanthan gum with a) an alkylating agent and b) a multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the alkylating agent a) is an alkyl halide, wherein the alkyl group is a straight-chain or branched C8 to C9 group. 22 Alkyl groups.

33. The method according to claim 31, wherein the alkylating agent a) is a glycidyl ether represented by the following formula (VI): (WE) Where m is an integer from 1 to 4, n is 0 or 1; and R1 is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

34. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the multifunctional crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of epihaloalcohols, multifunctional alkyl halides, and polyglycidyl ethers.

35. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the reaction with the alkylating agent a) and the multifunctional crosslinking agent b) is carried out simultaneously.

36. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 35, the method comprising the following steps: i) Mix xanthan gum with an organic solvent or a mixture of an organic solvent and water to form a suspension or slurry; ii) Increase the pH of the suspension or slurry to above 9 using an alkaline solution; iii) Add the alkylating agent and the multifunctional crosslinking agent comprising epoxy functional groups and / or alkyl halide functional groups; iv) React the reaction mixture at a temperature of 50°C to 100°C for at least 2 hours to obtain crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum; and v) Neutralize the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum with acid.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein in step i), the xanthan gum is mixed with a mixture of 50% to 80% by weight of an organic solvent in water.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the amount of organic solvent in the water is 70% by weight.

39. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 38, wherein the organic solvent is isopropanol.

40. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, wherein the amount of xanthan gum in the suspension or slurry is from 10% to 80% by weight, or from 15% to 30% by weight.

41. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 40, wherein in step ii), the pH is increased to 10 to 13, or 11 to 13.

42. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 41, wherein the reaction temperature in step iv) is 50°C to 80°C.

43. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 42, wherein the reaction time in step iv) is 2 to 5 hours, or 2 to 4 hours, or preferably 3 hours.

44. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 43, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of a nitrogen atmosphere.

45. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 44, further comprising the step of: vi) Physically separate the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum from the solvent.

46. ​​The method of claim 45, wherein the polymer is separated by filtration.

47. The method according to any one of claims 45 or 46, further comprising the step of: vii) After physical separation, the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum is washed with an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent and water.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the crosslinked and hydrophobically modified xanthan gum is washed with a mixture of an organic solvent and water, the mixture comprising 60% to 90% by weight, or 75% to 85% by weight, of an aqueous solution of the organic solvent.

49. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 48, wherein the organic solvent in the washing step vii) is isopropanol.

50. The method according to any one of claims 45 to 49, further comprising the step of: viii) Dry at a temperature of 50°C to 115°C to obtain dry powder.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the drying temperature is 60°C to 80°C.

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