Magnetic field reporting for user equipment (UE) direction / location estimation

Abstract

An apparatus, which may be a wireless device, is configured to: obtain an indication of the location of the wireless device; measure a magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and output information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to a network device. Another apparatus, which may be a network device, is configured to: obtain one or more sets of information about one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generate a spatial mapping from location to magnetic field information based on the one or more sets of information; and output mapping information based on the location mapping to at least one wireless device.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. nonprovisional patent application serial number 18 / 487,732, filed October 16, 2023, entitled “MAGNETIC FIELD REPORT FOR UEORIENTATION / LOCATION ESTIMATION”, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more specifically to positioning and orientation operations at wireless devices. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CEM) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT),) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a simplified summary of one or more aspects to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all conceived aspects. It neither identifies key or essential elements of all aspects nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0007] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. In some aspects, the apparatus may be a wireless device configured to: obtain an indication of the location of the wireless device; measure a magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and output information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to a network device.

[0008] In one aspect of this disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. In some aspects, the apparatus may be a wireless device configured to: acquire one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generate a spatial location-to-magnetic field information mapping based on the one or more sets of information; and output location-based mapping information for at least one wireless device.

[0009] To achieve the foregoing and related objectives, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth some exemplary features of one or more aspects in detail. However, these features indicate only a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A This is an illustration of an example of the first frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B This is a diagram illustrating examples of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C This is an illustration of an example of a second frame according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D This is a diagram illustrating examples of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3This is a diagram illustrating examples of base stations and user equipment (UEs) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating large-scale fluctuations in magnetic field strength and direction that can be used according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating, according to some aspects of this disclosure, a deviation of a magnetic field measurement from the expected magnetic field in the presence of a local magnetic field.

[0018] Figure 6 This is an illustration of a regional mapping of the magnetic field according to some aspects of this disclosure, wherein these regions are defined at different levels of a hierarchical structure.

[0019] Figure 7 This is a call flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication associated with reporting magnetic field information to a network, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 This is a call flowchart illustrating a method for wireless communication associated with generating a magnetic field map at a network using reported magnetic field information, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 9 This is a call flowchart illustrating a method of wireless communication associated with using magnetic field information to determine location, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating two candidate trajectories between a first contour line associated with a first magnetic field strength and a second contour line having a second magnetic field strength, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Figure 12 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0025] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0026] Figure 14 This is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0027] Figure 15 These are illustrations of examples of hardware implementations of example devices and / or network entities.

[0028] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity.

[0029] Figure 17This is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation used for an example network entity. Detailed Implementation

[0030] In some aspects, the wireless device may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for determining the device's position and orientation. In some aspects, a magnetometer may be a component of the IMU and may provide a magnetic north (or magnetic south) orientation. Combined with other measurements, the mobile device may use sensor fusion (e.g., Kalman filtering) to estimate its orientation and / or localization. Given a coarse position estimate, the wireless device or UE may obtain an indication of the direction of the local magnetic field (e.g., a vector indicating magnetic north or magnetic south) from a database and use the indicated direction to determine the position and / or orientation of the wireless device or UE.

[0031] In open spaces, this typically works well. However, in complex environments with abundant magnetic materials, local magnetic fields can be distorted and may not match the magnetic field direction indicated in the database. This can lead to orientation and / or localization errors. For example, sensor fusion algorithms may fail to converge and may trigger warnings about unreliability and / or large uncertainties in the associated orientation and / or localization determinations. Therefore, a high-resolution magnetic field database can provide robust sensor fusion (e.g., for orientation estimation and / or localization) in complex environments, such as indoor offices.

[0032] The various aspects generally involve reporting magnetic field information from one or more wireless devices to a network device for the network device to generate a high-resolution magnetic field database that can be used by the wireless devices to perform orientation and / or positioning operations. Some aspects more specifically involve a wireless device that: obtains an indication of the location of the wireless device; measures the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and outputs information to the network device regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device. Some aspects involve a network device that: obtains one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generates a spatial mapping from location to magnetic field information based on the one or more sets of information; and outputs mapping information based on the location mapping to at least one wireless device.

[0033] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to improve the accuracy of orientation and / or positioning operations by providing magnetic field information from at least one wireless device to a network device and generating and / or providing a mapping of the magnetic field to one or more wireless devices.

[0034] The detailed descriptions following, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. To provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed descriptions include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0035] Various apparatuses and methods are presented with reference to several aspects of a telecommunications system. These apparatuses and methods are described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0036] As an example, an element, any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, system-on-a-chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0037] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations, and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures accessible by a computer.

[0038] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described herein by way of example, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may arise via integrated chip implementations and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a use case or application, the described examples may exhibit broad applicability. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more of the technologies described herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or decomposed components, end-user equipment, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0039] The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)), or one or more units (or components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0040] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0041] Base station operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units of a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0042] Figure 1Figure 100 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a decomposed base station architecture. The decomposed base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110, which may communicate directly with the core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via a corresponding fronthaul link. RUs 140 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0043] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO frame 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit in the unit, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals via wireless transmission media and / or transmit signals to one or more other units.

[0044] In some aspects, the CU 110 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 for network control and signaling, as needed.

[0045] DU 130 may correspond to a logic unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 140s. In some aspects, DU 130 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signaling with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0046] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 140s. In some deployments, an RU140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that is at least partially based on functional decomposition, such as lower-layer functional decomposition, to host RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both). In this architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration allows the DU130 and CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0047] SMO framework 105 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 105 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 190 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RU 140s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 105.

[0048] The non-RT RIC 115 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 125 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface such as an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 110s, one or more DU 130s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 125.

[0049] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0050] At least one of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 may be referred to as base station 102. Therefore, base station 102 may include one or more of CU 110, DU 130, and RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dashed line to indicate that each component may or may not be included in base station 102). Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to core network 120. Base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include an evolved home node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) transmission (also known as reverse link) from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) transmission (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may use one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.). Carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier can be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carrier can be referred to as the secondary cell (SCell).

[0051] Some UEs 104 can communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 can use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. D2D communication link 158 can use one or more sidelink channels, such as Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be performed through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth. ™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), and is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wi-Fi.) ™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance), LTE, or NR.

[0052] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150, which communicates with the UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in an unlicensed spectrum such as 5 GHz. When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available before communication.

[0053] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with FR2, which is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this is distinct from the Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (30GHz to 300GHz) designated as "millimeter wave" by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0054] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands used for these mid-band frequencies as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0055] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, the term "below 6 GHz" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the term "millimeter wave" as used herein can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0056] Base station 102 and UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. Base station 102 may transmit beamformed signals 182 to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 102 in one or more receive directions. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals 184 to base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 102 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions of base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0057] Base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as gNB, Node B, eNB, access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, relay node, sidelink node, aggregated (monolithic) base station with baseband units (BBU) (including CU and DU) and RU, or may be implemented as a decomposed base station including one or more of CU, DU, and / or RU. A collection of base stations that may include decomposed base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as Next Generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0058] The core network 120 may include Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, Session Management Function (SMF) 162, User Plane Function (UPF) 163, Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are exemplified as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of GMLC 165, LMF 166, Position Determination Entity (PDE), Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Mobile Location Center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE location information. LMF 166 receives measurement and auxiliary information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may use one or more positioning methods to determine the location of UE 104. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurement, location estimation, and optional rate calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurement may be performed by UE 104 and / or base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signals may be based on one or more of the following: Satellite Positioning System (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, Terrestrial Beacon System (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR Enhanced Cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multiple round-trip time (multiple RTT), DL departure angle (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0059] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional device. Some UEs in UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, air pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network together and / or individually.

[0060] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, UE 104 may have a magnetic field reporting component 198, which is configured to: obtain an indication of the location of a wireless device; measure the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and output information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to the network device. In some aspects, base station 102 may have a magnetic field mapping component 199, which is configured to: obtain one or more sets of information about one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generate a location-to-magnetic field mapping in space based on the one or more sets of information; and output location-based mapping information to at least one wireless device. While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0061] Figure 2A Figure 200 illustrates an example of the first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B Figure 230 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C Figure 250 is an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2DFigure 280 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL) or Time Division Duplex (TDD) (where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible and can be used between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28 respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured using the slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0062] Figures 2A to 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and aspects of this disclosure are applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include micro-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and a parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled by 1 / SCS.

[0063] Table 1: Parameter Set, SCS, and CP

[0064] For a normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets µ 0 through 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For an extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for a normal CP and parameter set µ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2... µ One time slot / subframe. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to ,in The parameter sets are 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz for parameter set µ=0 and 240 kHz for parameter set µ=4. The symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D Examples of a normal frequency division multiplexing (CP) with 14 symbols per time slot and a parameter set of µ=2 with 4 time slots per subframe are provided. The time slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within the frame set, there may be one or more distinct bandwidth portions (BWPs) of frequency division multiplexing (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 2B Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters and CP (normal or extended).

[0065] A resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot consists of a resource block (RB) extending for 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0066] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0067] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE comprising six RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 12 consecutive REs in the OFDM symbol of the RB. A PDCCH within a BWP can be referred to as a Control Resource Set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in the PDCCH search space (e.g., the common search space, the UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring timing on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) may be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number and radio frame timing. Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and the Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), carrying the Master Information Block (MIB), can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the System Frame Number (SFN) and the number of Restricted Frames (RBs) in the system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)), and paging messages.

[0068] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations. The UE can transmit a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0069] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCIs.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating communication between base station 310 and UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0071] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM stream undergoes spatial pre-decoding to generate multiple spatial streams. A channel estimate from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. This channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 350 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can utilize the corresponding spatial stream to modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission.

[0072] At UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, the RX processor 356 can combine them into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by channel estimator 358. The soft decision is then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0073] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with at least one memory 360 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0074] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0075] The TX processor 368 can use the reference signal transmitted from the base station 310 or the channel estimate derived from feedback by the channel estimator 358 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via individual transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0076] UL transmission is processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to RX processor 370.

[0077] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with at least one memory 376 storing program code and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets between transport and logical channels. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0078] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The magnetic field reporting component 198 relates to various aspects.

[0079] At least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The magnetic field mapping component 199 relates to various aspects.

[0080] In some aspects, the wireless device may include an IMU for determining the device's location and orientation. In some aspects, a magnetometer may be a component of the IMU and may provide a magnetic north (or magnetic south) orientation. Combined with other measurements, the mobile device may use sensor fusion (e.g., Kalman filtering) to estimate its orientation and / or localization. Given a coarse location estimate, the wireless device or UE may obtain an indication of the direction of the local magnetic field (e.g., a vector indicating magnetic north or magnetic south) from a database and use the indicated direction to determine the location and / or orientation of the wireless device or UE.

[0081] In open spaces, this typically works well. However, in complex environments with abundant magnetic materials, local magnetic fields can be distorted and may not match the magnetic field direction indicated in the database. This can lead to orientation and / or localization errors. For example, sensor fusion algorithms may fail to converge and may trigger warnings about unreliability and / or large uncertainties in the associated orientation and / or localization determinations. Therefore, a high-resolution magnetic field database can provide robust sensor fusion (e.g., for orientation estimation and / or localization) in complex environments, such as indoor offices.

[0082] Figure 4 This is a diagram 400 illustrating large-scale fluctuations in magnetic field strength and direction usable according to some aspects of this disclosure. Diagram 400 illustrates variations in magnetic field strength over large distances. For example, contour line 410 represents locations with the same magnetic field strength (e.g., -20,000 nT), while other contour lines represent different magnetic field strengths (e.g., each line represents a change of 5,000 nT from adjacent contour lines). Information regarding the variation in magnetic field strength with location can be stored by network devices and can be divided into areas of practical size for a particular application (e.g., country, state, county, or city), or into geometric regions such as squares, rectangles, triangles, rhombuses, hexagons, or other shapes at different levels (e.g., with a range of 10,000 km). 2 1,000km 2 100km 2 10km 2 1km 2(Equal area). This information about the magnetic field may also include the direction of the magnetic field (e.g., a magnetic field vector indicating both magnitude and direction, such as magnetic field vector 420). In some aspects, wireless devices may use the magnetic field information in one or more orientation and / or positioning operations to compare a locally measured magnetic field with a anticipated magnetic field based on the magnetic field information.

[0083] Figure 5 Figure 500 illustrates a deviation of a magnetic field measurement from the expected magnetic field (e.g., deviation from large-scale magnetic field information) in the presence of a local magnetic field, according to some aspects of this disclosure. Figure 510 illustrates a UE 504 that can (e.g., via a magnetometer) measure a magnetic field to provide information for orientation and / or positioning operations. This measurement can measure the field strength and direction of the magnetic field to produce a vector that includes magnitude and direction information. For example, the magnetic field can be represented using Cartesian or polar coordinates, where the axes are defined relative to the UE 504, or by a set of axes defined based on some other reference (e.g., an objective or shared reference frame). Figure 520 illustrates a magnetic field vector 521 (e.g., indicating direction and magnitude and shown as a two-dimensional (2D) vector for illustrative purposes) that can be expected in a first region. Figure 530 illustrates that additional magnetic fields may exist within the first region (e.g., ambient magnetic fields from nearby electronic or electrical systems, such as those illustrated by contour line 532). These additional magnetic fields may contribute to the measured and / or experienced magnetic field, as illustrated in Figure 540 (e.g., indicated by vector 541). (For example, magnetic field vector 531 may be added to magnetic field vector 521). Figure 540 illustrates that, depending on the location within the first region, UE 504 may measure a magnetic field that differs from the expected magnetic field by a amount that may be greater than or less than a threshold. In some aspects, this deviation may be one or more of a deviation from the expected magnitude of the magnetic field or a deviation from the expected orientation (e.g., if the orientation can be determined without using magnetic field measurements).

[0084] Figure 6Figure 600 illustrates a region-based mapping of magnetic fields according to some aspects of this disclosure, wherein these regions are defined at different levels of a hierarchical structure. Figure 600 illustrates a first region (e.g., a region encompassing such an area that the magnetic field is expected to be constant in the absence of “interference” from a structure or electronic component) associated with a first magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., magnetic field vector 611). The first region may be divided into four sub-regions (e.g., sub-region 610) at a first level of the hierarchical structure. Each sub-region (e.g., sub-region 610) with a constant magnetic field (or consistent with a large-scale magnetic field) may remain undivided (e.g., may not be divided into additional sub-regions). Sub-regions with inconsistent magnetic fields (e.g., sub-region 620) may be further subdivided into a set of sub-regions at a second level of the hierarchical structure (e.g., a set of sub-regions including sub-region 625). Although a division into four equal sub-regions is illustrated, this division can be performed based on any known algorithm (e.g., a (dynamic) algorithm similar to those used to identify regions within an image and / or video for transmission over a network).

[0085] In some aspects, the subdivision of each non-constant (or inconsistent) region may continue until a sub-region identified at a specific level of the hierarchical structure (e.g., sub-region 630, sub-region 650A, or sub-region 660 at the third level of the hierarchical structure) is identified as having a constant magnetic field (e.g., represented by magnetic field vector 631, magnetic field vector 651, or magnetic field vector 661). Alternatively or additionally, in some aspects, the subdivision may continue until a sub-region at the lowest level of the hierarchical structure (e.g., sub-region 640 at the third level of the hierarchical structure in Figure 600) is identified as having a non-constant (e.g., time- or spatially varying) magnetic field (e.g., magnetic field vector 641) or associated with such a non-constant magnetic field. In some aspects, the first region may represent an outdoor area with a structure located in one or more of sub-regions 630, 640, 650A, or 660, where indoor spaces may be more susceptible to magnetic field distortion. In some respects, the magnetic field associated with each sub-region (at each level of the hierarchical structure) may be associated with one or more of the following: an indication of deviation from the magnetic field vector 611 (e.g., a magnetic field difference vector 652 as indicated in relation to sub-region 650B corresponding to sub-region 650A), or simply an indication that the sub-region is normal and / or abnormal with respect to the first region (e.g., via a single bit in a bitmap or other data structure).

[0086] Figure 7This is a call flowchart 700 illustrating a method of wireless communication associated with reporting magnetic field information to a network according to some aspects of this disclosure. Call flowchart 700 includes a base station 702 (e.g., as an example of a network device or network node that may include one or more components of a decomposed base station), which may participate in communication with a UE 704 (e.g., as an example of a wireless device). In some aspects, the functionality attributable to base station 702 may be provided by one or more components of the network (such as LMFs, network entities, network nodes, or network devices, as described above regarding...). Figure 1 The functions described herein are performed by a single network entity / node / device or a decomposed network entity / node / device. Similarly, in some aspects, the functions attributable to UE 704 may be performed by one or more components of a wireless device that supports communication with the network entity / node / device. Therefore, the reference to “transmit” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 702 (or UE 704) outputs (or provides) an indication of the content to be transmitted by different components of base station 702 (or UE 704). Similarly, the reference to “receive” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 702 (or UE 704) receives the transmitted signal and outputs (or provides) the received signal (or information based on the received signal) to different components of base station 702 (or UE 704).

[0087] Base station 702 may transmit magnetic field mapping data 706, and UE 704 may receive the magnetic field mapping data. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping information may be provided as supplementary information. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 706 may be associated with a mapping of a first scale (e.g., the scale of a first region of diagram 600). In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 706 may include one or more of magnetic field strength and magnetic field orientation (e.g., magnetic field vector 521 or magnetic field vector 611).

[0088] In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 706 may additionally or alternatively include information about the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be a binary indication of whether each sub-region in a plurality of sub-regions is consistent with or inconsistent with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be an indication of one of the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic field strength or the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale.

[0089] In some aspects, base station 702 may transmit magnetic field reporting configuration 708, and UE 704 may receive this magnetic field reporting configuration. In some aspects, magnetic field reporting configuration 708 may instruct UE 704 to transmit magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, the instruction for UE 704 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate a time-based standard (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the instruction for UE 704 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate a displacement-based standard (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the instruction for UE 704 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based standard (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a transition to (or departure from) an anomaly area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some aspects, the request to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the indicated location and / or time of transmitting the magnetic field information.

[0090] At 710, UE 704 may obtain an indication of its location. In some aspects, obtaining an indication of the location of the wireless device may include determining the location of the wireless device, or receiving a location indication 712 from base station 702 indicating the location of the wireless device. In some aspects, the location indication 712 or the determination made at 710 may indicate a coarse location estimate that allows UE 704 to determine the expected magnetic field at UE 704.

[0091] At 714, UE 704 can measure the magnetic field at its location. The magnetic field measurement at 714 can identify the magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., relative to UE 704 and / or in a shared reference frame). In some aspects, the measured and / or identified magnetic field strength can be relative to a large-scale local magnetic field reference, or it can be identified using an absolute scale. The magnetic field measurement at 714 can further identify whether the magnetic field measurement is the maximum measurable magnetic field (e.g., whether the sensor is saturated). The magnetic field measurement at 714 can identify uncertainties associated with this magnetic field measurement.

[0092] Based on the magnetic field measurement and / or magnetic field reporting configuration 708 at 714, UE 704 may determine at 716 to output (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information 718 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device). As described regarding the magnetic field reporting configuration 708, this determination may be based on the configured and / or indicated period, displacement, position, time, state, or transition. Alternatively or additionally, the determination at 716 may be based on the difference between the magnetic field indicated in the magnetic field mapping data 706 and the magnetic field measured at 714. In some aspects, UE 704 may determine to output (or transmit) the magnetic field measurement information 718 at 716 when the difference in the magnitude of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold or if the difference in the orientation of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold (if the orientation of the device can be determined with sufficient accuracy to identify the difference).

[0093] After determining the output (or transmission) of magnetic field measurement information 718 at 716, UE 704 may transmit magnetic field measurement information 718 (a set of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at the UE or wireless device), and base station 702 may receive this magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, magnetic field measurement information 718 may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by UE 704 at 714; second information regarding the sensor of UE 704 used to measure the magnetic field at 714; third information regarding the orientation of UE 704 when measuring the magnetic field at 714 (e.g., estimated using one or more of Euler angles, quaternions, rotation matrices, or other methods); and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 714. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, magnetic field measurement information 718 may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some respects, the magnetic field measurement information 718 may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure).

[0094] Figure 8 This is a call flowchart 800 illustrating a method for wireless communication associated with generating a magnetic field map at a network using reported magnetic field information, according to some aspects of this disclosure. Call flowchart 800 includes a base station 802 (e.g., similar to or corresponding to base station 702) that can participate in communication with a plurality of UEs 804 (each of the plurality of UEs 804 may be similar to or corresponding to UE 704). In some aspects, the functionality attributable to base station 802 may be provided by one or more components of the network (such as LMFs, network entities, network nodes, or network devices, as described above regarding...). Figure 1The functions described herein are performed by a single network entity / node / device or a decomposed network entity / node / device. Similarly, in some aspects, functions belonging to multiple UEs 804 may be performed by one or more components of a wireless device that supports communication with network entities / nodes / devices. Therefore, the reference to “transmit” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 802 (or multiple UEs 804) outputs (or provides) an indication of the content to be transmitted by different components of base station 802 (or multiple UEs 804). Similarly, the reference to “receive” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 802 (or multiple UEs 804) receives the transmitted signal and outputs (or provides) the received signal (or information based on the received signal) to different components of base station 802 (or multiple UEs 804).

[0095] Base station 802 may transmit magnetic field mapping data 806, and multiple UEs 804 may receive this magnetic field mapping data. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping information may be provided as information of a specific format or type (e.g., auxiliary information or auxiliary data provided by one network element to another network element or wireless device in association with one or more services or functions at a receiving device). In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 806 may be associated with a mapping of a first scale (e.g., the scale of a first region of Figure 600). In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 806 may include one or more of magnetic field strength and magnetic field orientation (e.g., magnetic field vector 521 or magnetic field vector 611). In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 806 may be region-specific to each of the multiple UEs 804. In some aspects, for example, if it is assumed that the multiple UEs 804 are served by the same base station 802, then the magnetic field mapping data 806 may be the same information based on being located in the same region.

[0096] In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 806 may additionally or alternatively include information about the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be a binary indication of whether each of the plurality of sub-regions is consistent with or inconsistent with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be an indication of one of the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic field strength or the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale.

[0097] In some aspects, base station 802 may transmit magnetic field reporting configuration 808, and multiple UEs 804 may receive this magnetic field reporting configuration. In some aspects, magnetic field reporting configuration 808 may instruct multiple UEs 804 to transmit magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, the instruction for multiple UEs 804 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate a time-based standard (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the instruction for multiple UEs 804 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate a displacement-based standard (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the instruction for multiple UEs 804 to transmit magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based standard (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a transition to (or departure from) an anomaly area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some aspects, the request to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the indicated location and / or time of transmitting the magnetic field information.

[0098] Such as about Figure 7 As discussed, multiple UEs 804 can obtain an indication of their current location and be identified as measuring a magnetic field. At 814, each of the multiple UEs 804 can measure the magnetic field at its location. The magnetic field measurement at 814 can identify the magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., relative to the UEs among the multiple UEs 804 and / or in a shared reference frame). The magnetic field measurement at 814 can further identify whether the magnetic field measurement is the maximum measurable magnetic field (e.g., whether the sensor has saturated). The magnetic field measurement at 814 can identify the uncertainties associated with that magnetic field measurement.

[0099] Based on the magnetic field measurement and / or magnetic field reporting configuration 808 at 814, multiple UEs 804 may determine to output (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information 818 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device). As described regarding the magnetic field reporting configuration 808, this determination may be based on configured and / or indicated periods, displacements, positions, times, states, or transitions. Alternatively or additionally, the determination of the output (or transmission) magnetic field measurement information 818 may be based on the difference between the magnetic field indicated in the magnetic field mapping data 806 and the magnetic field measured at 814. In some aspects, multiple UEs 804 may determine to output (or transmit) the magnetic field measurement information 818 when the difference in the magnitude of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold or if the difference in the orientation of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold (if the orientation of the device can be determined with sufficient accuracy to identify the difference).

[0100] After determining the output (or transmission) of magnetic field measurement information 818, multiple UEs 804 may transmit the magnetic field measurement information 818 (a set of one or more pieces of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more UEs or wireless devices), and the base station 802 may receive the magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 818 may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured at 814 by each of the multiple UEs 804; second information regarding the sensors used by the UEs of the multiple UEs 804 for measuring the magnetic field at 814; third information regarding the orientation of the multiple UEs 804 when measuring the magnetic field at 814 (e.g., estimated using one or more of Euler angles, quaternions, rotation matrices, or other methods); and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 814. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 818 may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some respects, the magnetic field measurement information 818 may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure).

[0101] In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 818 may include magnetic field measurement information associated with different locations and / or different times. For example, a first UE among a plurality of UEs 804 may report a magnetic field measurement at a first location at a first time, a second UE among a plurality of UEs 804 may report a magnetic field measurement at the first location at a second time, and a third UE among a plurality of UEs 804 may report a magnetic field measurement at a second location at a third time.

[0102] Based on multiple magnetic field measurement information 818 (in addition to magnetic field measurement information previously received from multiple UEs 804 or other UEs not shown), base station 802 may generate a magnetic field map (e.g., a mapping from spatial location to magnetic field information) at 820. In some aspects, the magnetic field map generated at 820 may include at least one of the following: a first mapping from a magnetic field vector to spatial location (e.g., such as...). Figure 6The magnetic field difference vector 652 or magnetic field vectors 611, 631, 651 or 661 depicts a magnetic field difference vector or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with a magnetic field that is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region (e.g., as depicted in Figure 600 with respect to sub-regions 630, 640, 650A, 650B or 660, in contrast to sub-regions 610 and 625 within the first region). In some aspects, the first region may be identified as indoors, and this identification may be output or otherwise communicated to one or more other applications that may use the information to control aspects of one or more other applications that may operate differently indoors compared to their functionality outdoors.

[0103] Base station 802 may transmit magnetic field mapping data 822, and multiple UEs 804 may receive this magnetic field mapping data. In some aspects, magnetic field mapping data 822 may differ from magnetic field mapping data 806. In some aspects, this difference may relate to the format of the information. For example, magnetic field mapping data 806 may include magnetic field magnitude and direction / orientation data for a large-scale region, assuming uniformity across the area, while magnetic field mapping data 822 may include data regarding one of the following: magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., magnetic field vector 631, 651, or 661), deviation from the large-scale magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., magnetic field difference vector 652), or one or more anomaly indications for regions at different levels of a hierarchical structure within the region identified in the large-scale region identified in magnetic field mapping data 806.

[0104] In some aspects, multiple UEs 804 may transmit additional magnetic field measurement information 824, and base station 802 may receive such additional magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, the additional magnetic field measurement information 824 may be similar to magnetic field measurement information 818 (e.g., may include the same type of information). Based on the magnetic field measurement information 824, base station 802 may update the magnetic field mapping at 826 and provide the updated magnetic field mapping to multiple UEs 804 (not shown), as discussed regarding magnetic field mapping data 822.

[0105] Figure 9 This is a call flowchart 900 illustrating a method for wireless communication associated with determining location using magnetic field information, according to some aspects of this disclosure. Call flowchart 900 includes a base station 902 (e.g., similar to or corresponding to base station 702) that can participate in communication with a UE 904 (wherein UE 904 can be similar to or corresponding to UE 704). In some aspects, the functionality attributable to base station 902 may be provided by one or more components of the network (such as LMFs, network entities, network nodes, or network devices, as described above regarding...). Figure 1The functions described herein are performed by a single network entity / node / device or a decomposed network entity / node / device. Similarly, in some aspects, the functions attributable to UE 904 may be performed by one or more components of a wireless device that supports communication with the network entity / node / device. Therefore, the reference to “transmit” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 902 (or UE 904) outputs (or provides) an indication of the content to be transmitted by different components of base station 902 (or UE 904). Similarly, the reference to “receive” in the following description may be understood to mean that the first component of base station 902 (or UE 904) receives the transmitted signal and outputs (or provides) the received signal (or information based on the received signal) to different components of base station 902 (or UE 904).

[0106] Base station 902 can send magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 (and) Figure 8 The magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 corresponds to one or both of these data, and the UE 904 may receive this magnetic field mapping data. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping information may be provided as supplementary information. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 may be associated with a mapping of a first scale (e.g., the scale of a first region of diagram 600 or a sub-region such as sub-regions 630, 640, 650A, 650B or 660). In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 may include one or more of magnetic field strength and magnetic field orientation (e.g., magnetic field vector 521 or magnetic field vector 611).

[0107] In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 may additionally or alternatively include information about the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be a binary indication of whether each of the plurality of sub-regions is consistent with or inconsistent with the mapping at the first scale. In some aspects, the information about the deviation may be an indication of one of the magnitude and / or direction of the magnetic field strength or the deviation of the magnetic field associated with the mapping at the first scale.

[0108] At 910, UE 904 may obtain an indication of its location. In some aspects, obtaining an indication of the location of the wireless device may include determining the location of the wireless device, or receiving a location indication 912 from base station 902 indicating the location of the wireless device. In some aspects, the location indication 912 or the determination made at 910 may indicate a coarse location estimate that allows UE 904 to determine the expected magnetic field at UE 904.

[0109] At 914, UE 904 can measure the magnetic field at its location. The magnetic field measurement at 914 can identify the magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., relative to UE 904 and / or in a shared reference frame). The magnetic field measurement at 914 can further identify whether the magnetic field measurement is the maximum measurable magnetic field (e.g., whether the sensor is saturated). The magnetic field measurement at 914 can identify the uncertainties associated with this magnetic field measurement.

[0110] Based on the magnetic field measurement and / or magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 at 914, UE 904 can determine its orientation and / or location at 916. In some aspects, the determination at 916 may include omitting the measured magnetic field at the wireless device based on a mapping that identifies a first region as an anomalous region, or using the magnetic field at the wireless device and the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 to determine the orientation and / or location of the wireless device based on a comparison (or other function related to both) between the magnetic field indicated by the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 and the magnetic field measured at 914. For example, sensor fusion (e.g., Kalman filtering) may be applied based on a known magnetic field (e.g., the magnetic field indicated by the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922), the magnetic field measured at 914, and GPS or other location information.

[0111] If the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 does not include information about the current (sub) region (e.g., information identifying the current (sub) region as normal or abnormal, or consistent or inconsistent with a large-scale magnetic field), then the UE 904 may send a magnetic field mapping data request 915 and the base station 902 may receive the magnetic field mapping data request to determine (1) whether the current (sub) region is normal or abnormal, or (2) the magnetic field associated with the current (sub) region (e.g., the indicated magnetic field strength and direction). Based on magnetic field mapping data request 915, base station 902 may send magnetic field mapping data 917, and UE 904 may receive the magnetic field mapping data, which indicates one or more of the following: (1) whether the current (sub) area is normal or abnormal (e.g., consistent or inconsistent with the magnetic field of the area including the (sub) area indicated in magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922), (2) the deviation from the magnetic field indicated for a larger area including the current (sub) area, (3) the magnetic field strength and direction associated with the current (sub) area, or (4) whether the magnetic field strength and / or direction is unstable (and may be ignored or omitted from orientation and / or positioning determination).

[0112] In some respects, the determination at 916 may include location and / or orientation information based on the trajectory. For example, UE 904 may store or maintain data on magnetic field measurements taken at different times, as well as data on one or more of the locations associated with each measurement or displacements between subsequent measurements. UE 904 may then use a large-scale mapping at 916 to determine the most probable trajectory (e.g., in extreme cases, the large-scale mapping may be combined with...). Figure 4 (The illustrated global magnetic field mapping data is similar). For example, knowing the magnetic field strength and orientation at a first moment allows UE 904 to identify a first set of candidate and / or possible initial locations (globally or within a known area), while displacement and / or location information associated with subsequent magnetic field measurements allows UE 904 to eliminate some of the candidate and / or possible initial locations based on the trajectory of UE 904 and the known magnetic field along that trajectory.

[0113] Figure 10 This is a diagram 1000 illustrating two candidate trajectories between a first contour line associated with a first magnetic field strength and a second contour line having a second magnetic field strength, according to some aspects of this disclosure. For example, if the initial location is associated with a magnetic field strength of 45000 nT, contour line 1001 may represent a set of candidate and / or possible initial locations. Similarly, if the current location is associated with a magnetic field strength of -5000 nT, contour line 1002 may represent a set of candidate and / or possible current locations. Trajectory 1010 may represent the actual path of the UE (e.g., UE 904), while trajectory 1020 may represent candidate and / or possible trajectories that can be eliminated based on displacement and / or location information associated with subsequent magnetic field measurements. In some respects, the trajectory-based determination at 916 may include: (1) identifying multiple potential locations with similar magnetic fields, (2) narrowing down the list of multiple identified locations using other available data (e.g., other sensors or RAN-related technologies), (3) searching the neighborhood of previous and / or remaining potential locations based on additional measurements to find the most probable direction to use as the direction of travel, (4) comparing the probabilities of all possible trajectories to prune and / or eliminate the least probable trajectory, and (5) repeating (3) and (4) until a single trajectory remains.

[0114] In some aspects, the location determination at 916 may be related to or used to determine the output magnetic field measurement information. For example, the location determined at 916 may be compared with location-based criteria for reporting magnetic field information as indicated by the reporting configuration (as described regarding magnetic field reporting configuration 708 and the determination of output (or transmitted) magnetic field measurement information at 716). Assuming one or more reporting criteria have been met, based on the magnetic field measurement at 914 and in some aspects, based on the orientation and location determination at 916, UE 904 may transmit magnetic field measurement information 918, and base station 902 may receive this magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 918 may include the same information as discussed.

[0115] Such as about Figure 7 and / or Figure 8 As described in respective magnetic field reporting configurations 708 and / or 808, this determination may be based on the configured and / or indicated period, displacement, position, time, state, or transition. Alternatively or additionally, the determination at 916 may be based on the difference between the magnetic field indicated in the magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 and the magnetic field measured at 914. In some aspects, when the difference in the magnitude of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold, or if the difference in the orientation of the magnetic field is higher than a threshold (if the orientation of the device can be determined with sufficient accuracy to identify the difference), UE 904 may determine at 916 to output (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information 918.

[0116] After determining the output (or transmission) of magnetic field measurement information 918 at 916, UE 904 may transmit magnetic field measurement information 918 (a set of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at the UE or wireless device), and base station 902 may receive this magnetic field measurement information. In some aspects, magnetic field measurement information 918 may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by UE 904 at 914; second information regarding the sensor used by UE 904 to measure the magnetic field at 914; third information regarding the orientation of UE 904 when measuring the magnetic field at 914; and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 914. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, magnetic field measurement information 918 may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some aspects, magnetic field measurement information 918 may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure).

[0117] In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 918 may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by UE 904 at 914; second information regarding the sensor of UE 904 used to measure the magnetic field at 914; third information regarding the orientation of UE 904 when measuring the magnetic field at 914 (e.g., estimated using one or more of Euler angles, quaternions, rotation matrices, or other methods); and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 914. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 918 may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some aspects, the magnetic field measurement information 918 may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure).

[0118] Although for the sake of clarity Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 They are separate, but the operations described above for a base station (or UE) (e.g., transmitting, receiving, and / or determining) can be performed by the same base station (or UE) at different times. In some respects, operations with similar numbering can represent a single transmission or determination performed by the same device in association with multiple processes, purposes, and / or objectives. Alternatively or additionally, each operation can serve as a means for updating, maintaining, providing, and / or using information related to the above. Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The described method is performed as part of a repetitive process involving associated magnetic field mapping information. For example, regarding... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 Each of the described methods may overlap in time, and the measurements of the local magnetic field at 714, 814, and 914 may be the same measurement operations associated with each of the reporting, map generation, and orientation / location determination functions and / or methods. In other words, the base station (or network function such as LMF) may receive continuous magnetic field reports from multiple UEs in an associated area, generate and / or update magnetic field mapping information, and provide the UEs with current magnetic field information in the associated area or sub-area. Similarly, each UE may: receive magnetic field mapping information for the current area (where new information is provided as the UE moves between areas and / or sub-areas), perform multiple magnetic field measurements over time, use the magnetic field measurements and magnetic field information to determine orientation and / or location, and / or report magnetic field measurement information for at least a subset of the multiple magnetic field measurements.

[0119] Figure 11This is a flowchart 1100 of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by a wireless device such as a UE (e.g., UE104, 504, 704, 904; multiple UEs 804; device 1504). At 1102, the wireless device can obtain an indication of its location. For example, 1102 can be performed by… Figure 15 The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform the operation. In some aspects, obtaining an indication of the location of a wireless device may include at least one of: determining the location of the wireless device (e.g., based on GPS or other positioning methods); and / or receiving an indication of the location of the wireless device from a network device. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 904) may obtain a location indication at 710 (or 910), which may be based on a location indication 712 (or 912) received from base station 702 (or 902).

[0120] In some aspects, a wireless device may receive from a network device an indication for the wireless device to provide information regarding magnetic field measurements. In some aspects, the received indication may include an indication of one or more triggering events or criteria for providing magnetic field measurement information to the network device. In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a time-based criterion (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a displacement-based criterion (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based criterion (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a transition to (or departure from) an anomalous area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some aspects, the request to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the indicated location and / or time of transmitting the magnetic field information. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 UE 704 (or 804) can receive magnetic field reports configured 708 (or 808).

[0121] At point 1108, the wireless device can measure the magnetic field at its location. For example, 1108 can be determined by... Figure 15The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 execute the measurement. The magnetic field measurement at 1108 can identify the magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., relative to the wireless device and / or in a shared reference frame). The magnetic field measurement at 1108 can further identify whether the magnetic field measurement is the maximum measurable magnetic field (e.g., whether the sensor has saturated). The magnetic field measurement at 1108 can identify uncertainties associated with this magnetic field measurement. For example, reference... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The UE 704 (or 804 or 904) can measure (local) magnetic fields at 714, 814 or 914.

[0122] In some aspects, the wireless device may obtain a mapping of magnetic field information to a set of spatial locations. In some aspects, the mapping of magnetic field information to a set of spatial locations may include at least one of the following: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector (or other indication of magnetic field strength and direction) to a set of spatial locations, or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with at least one magnetic field, which is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region (e.g., identifying the first region as an anomalous region and / or sub-region within a larger region). In some aspects, the magnetic field vector may represent a deviation from a previously identified magnetic field (associated with a region such as the second region including the first region). In some aspects, the mapping of magnetic field information may be received in response to a request from the wireless device (e.g., whether the wireless device identifies that it does not have detailed magnetic field mapping information). For example, refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 804 or 904) can receive magnetic field mapping data 706, 822, 906 / 922 or 917 magnetic field reporting configuration 708 (or 808).

[0123] In some aspects, wireless devices can use a mapping of magnetic field information to a set of spatial locations to determine their location. In some aspects, determining location may include one or more of the following: omitting the measured magnetic field at the wireless device based on a mapping that identifies a first region (marked as anomalous); using that mapping and the magnetic field at the wireless device; and / or using that mapping and multiple measurements of the magnetic field at the wireless device associated with corresponding multiple times to determine the current location. (See reference) Figure 9 For example, UE 904 may determine the orientation and / or location of UE 904 at 916 based on the magnetic field and / or magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 and / or magnetic field mapping data 917 measured at 914.

[0124] At 1116, the wireless device can output information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location to the network device. In some aspects, the wireless device can determine to output this information based on the detection of an indicated trigger event, and can send information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location to the network device. For example, 1116 can be... Figure 15 The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform the operation. In some aspects, determining the output information may be based on satisfying one or more criteria indicated in an instruction for the wireless device to provide information about magnetic field measurements. For example, the wireless device may determine the output information based on at least one of the following: detecting an anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device, configured periodicity, or a request for output information. In some aspects, detecting an anomaly may include detecting at least one of the following: a first difference between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field having a first magnitude greater than a first threshold; a second difference between a first orientation of the wireless device based on at least one other sensor and a second orientation of the wireless device based on the first known magnetic field having a second magnitude greater than a second threshold; or a third difference between a first magnetic field direction associated with the first known magnetic field and a second magnetic field direction measured at the wireless device (e.g., based on the orientation of the wireless device, which is based on other sensors or other positioning and orientation information of the device) having a third threshold. For example, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 804 or 904) may determine at 716 to output (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information 718 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device).

[0125] In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by the wireless device at 1108; second information regarding the sensor of the wireless device used to measure the magnetic field at 1108; third information regarding the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field at 1108 (e.g., estimated using one or more of Euler angles, quaternions, rotation matrices, or other methods); and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 1108. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure). For example, refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 804 or 904) may send magnetic field measurement information 718 (or 818, 824 or 918) (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device), and base station 702 (or 802 or 902) may receive the magnetic field measurement information.

[0126] Figure 12 This is a flowchart 1200 of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by a wireless device such as a UE (e.g., UE104, 504, 704, 904; multiple UEs 804; device 1504). At 1202, the wireless device can obtain an indication of its location. For example, 1202 can be performed by… Figure 15 The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform the operation. In some aspects, obtaining an indication of the location of the wireless device may include at least one of: determining the location of the wireless device at 1203 (e.g., based on GPS or other positioning methods); and / or receiving an indication of the location of the wireless device from a network device at 1204. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 904) may obtain a location indication at 710 (or 910), which may be based on a location indication 712 (or 912) received from base station 702 (or 902).

[0127] At point 1206, the wireless device can receive instructions from the network device to provide information about magnetic field measurements. For example, 1206 can be provided by... Figure 15The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform this. In some aspects, the indication received at 1204 may include indications for one or more triggering events or criteria for providing magnetic field measurement information to the network device. In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a time-based criterion (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a displacement-based criterion (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the indication for the wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based criterion (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a transition to (or departure from) an anomaly area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some aspects, the request to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the indicated location and / or time of transmitting the magnetic field information. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 UE 704 (or 804) can receive magnetic field reports configured 708 (or 808).

[0128] At point 1208, the wireless device can measure the magnetic field at its location. For example, 1208 can be determined by... Figure 15 The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 execute the measurement. The magnetic field measurement at 1208 can identify the magnetic field strength and direction (e.g., relative to the wireless device and / or in a shared reference frame). The magnetic field measurement at 1208 can further identify whether the magnetic field measurement is the maximum measurable magnetic field (e.g., whether the sensor has saturated). The magnetic field measurement at 1208 can identify uncertainties associated with this magnetic field measurement. For example, reference... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The UE 704 (or 804 or 904) can measure (local) magnetic fields at 714, 814 or 914.

[0129] At point 1210, the wireless device can obtain a mapping from magnetic field information to a spatial location set. For example, 1210 can be obtained by... Figure 15The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform this. In some aspects, the mapping of magnetic field information to a spatial location set may include at least one of the following: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector (or other indication of magnetic field strength and direction) to a spatial location set, or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with at least one magnetic field, which is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region (e.g., identifying the first region as an anomalous region and / or sub-region within a larger region). In some aspects, the magnetic field vector may represent a deviation from a previously identified magnetic field (associated with a region such as the second region including the first region). In some aspects, the mapping of magnetic field information may be received in response to a request from a wireless device (e.g., whether the wireless device identifies that it does not have detailed magnetic field mapping information). For example, refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 804 or 904) can receive magnetic field mapping data 706, 822, 906 / 922 or 917 magnetic field reporting configuration 708 (or 808).

[0130] At 1212, the wireless device can use a mapping of magnetic field information to a spatial location set to determine its location. In some aspects, determining location may include one or more of the following: at 1213, omitting the measured magnetic field at the wireless device based on a mapping identifying a first region (marked as anomalous); at 1214, using that mapping and the magnetic field at the wireless device; and / or at 1215, using that mapping and multiple measurements of the magnetic field at the wireless device associated with corresponding multiple times to determine the current location. For example, 1212, 1213, 1214, and / or 1215 may be determined by… Figure 15 The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 are executed. (See reference...) Figure 9 For example, UE904 may determine the orientation and / or location of UE904 at 916 based on the magnetic field and / or magnetic field mapping data 906 / 922 and / or magnetic field mapping data 917 measured at 914.

[0131] At 1216, the wireless device can output information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location to the network device. In some aspects, the wireless device can determine the output information at 1217 based on the detection of an indicated trigger event, and can send information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location to the network device at 1218. For example, 1216, 1217, and / or 1218 can be... Figure 15The application processor 1506, cellular baseband processor 1524, transceiver 1522, antenna 1580, and / or magnetic field reporting component 198 perform the operation. In some aspects, determining the output information may be based on satisfying one or more criteria indicated in an instruction for the wireless device to provide information regarding magnetic field measurements received at 1206. For example, the wireless device may determine the output information based on at least one of the following: detecting an anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device, configured periodicity, or a request for output information. In some aspects, detecting an anomaly may include detecting at least one of the following: a first difference between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field having a first magnitude greater than a first threshold; or a second difference between a first orientation based on at least one other sensor and a second orientation based on the first known magnetic field having a second magnitude greater than a second threshold. For example, refer to... Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE 704 (or 804 or 904) may determine at 716 to output (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information 718 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device).

[0132] In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by the wireless device at 1208; second information regarding the sensor of the wireless device used to measure the magnetic field at 1208; third information regarding the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field at 1208 (e.g., estimated using one or more of Euler angles, quaternions, rotation matrices, or other methods); and / or fourth information regarding the time associated with the measurement of the magnetic field at 1208. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may be raw magnetic field measurement data (e.g., uncorrected and / or compensated output from the sensor of the wireless device) or calibrated magnetic field measurement data. In some aspects, information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field that the sensor can measure). For example, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 UE704 (or 804 or 904) may send magnetic field measurement information 718 (or 818, 824 or 918) (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device), and base station 702 (or 802 or 902) may receive the magnetic field measurement information.

[0133] Figure 13 This is a flowchart 1300 of a method for wireless communication. This method can be performed by network devices such as network nodes or base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 702, 802, 902; network entities 1502, 1602, 1760). In some aspects, the network node can output an indication for a first wireless device, one of one or more wireless devices, to provide information regarding magnetic field measurements at the first wireless device. In some aspects, the indication can include indications for one or more triggering events or criteria for providing magnetic field measurement information to the network device. In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information can indicate a time-based criterion (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information can indicate a displacement-based criterion (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based criterion (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a shift to (or departure from) an anomalous area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some aspects, the indication (or request) to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the location and / or time indicated by the transmission of the magnetic field information. For example, refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 Base station 702 (or 802) can send magnetic field reports configured 708 (or 808).

[0134] At 1304, the network device can obtain one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices. For example, 1304 can be derived from... Figure 16 and Figure 17The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 are executed. In some aspects, the information set in one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device) may include at least one of the following: first information about the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by the wireless device; second information about the sensor of the wireless device used to measure the magnetic field; third information about the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field; and / or fourth information about the time associated with the measured magnetic field. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, the information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device) may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some respects, information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field the sensor can measure). For example, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The base station 702 (or 802 or 902) can receive magnetic field measurement information 718 (or 818, 824 or 918) from multiple UEs 804 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device).

[0135] At point 1306, network devices can generate a spatial mapping of location to magnetic field information based on one or more sets of information. For example, point 1306 can be derived from... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 are executed. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping generated at 1306 may include at least one of the following: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector to a spatial location (e.g., as...). Figure 6The magnetic field difference vector 652 or magnetic field vectors 611, 631, 651 or 661 depicts a magnetic field difference vector or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with a magnetic field that is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region (e.g., as depicted in Figure 600 with respect to sub-regions 630, 640, 650A, 650B or 660, in contrast to sub-regions 610 and 625 within the first region). In some aspects, the identification of the first region may further indicate that the first region is an indoor region, so that other applications may be alerted to adjust one or more parameters or operations for indoor functions. For example, refer to Figure 8 Base station 802 can generate a magnetic field map (e.g., a spatial mapping of location to magnetic field information) at location 820. In some aspects, the network device can receive a request from the first wireless device for mapping information of an area associated with the first wireless device. (See reference...) Figure 9 For example, base station 902 can receive magnetic field mapping data request 915.

[0136] At 1310, the network device can output mapping information based on spatial location-to-magnetic field information for at least one wireless device (e.g., a first wireless device). In some aspects, the output mapping information may include sending mapping information based on spatial location-to-magnetic field information based on a request received at 1308. For example, 1310 may be... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 perform this function. In some aspects, the network may determine to output a mapping of spatial location-to-magnetic field information to the first wireless device in response to an indication that the first wireless device has transitioned between areas and / or that the current area associated with the first wireless device has an updated state (from normal to abnormal, or vice versa). In some aspects, the mapping information may be the mapping information generated at 1306.

[0137] Figure 14 This is a flowchart 1400 of a wireless communication method. This method can be performed by network devices such as network nodes or base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 702, 802, 902; network entities 1502, 1602, 1760). At 1402, the network node can output an indication for a first wireless device among one or more wireless devices to provide information about magnetic field measurements at the location of the first wireless device. For example, 1402 can be performed by… Figure 16 and Figure 17The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 perform the operation. In some aspects, the indication may include indications for one or more triggering events or criteria for providing magnetic field measurement information to the network device. In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a time-based criterion (e.g., associated with a period defined according to a time slot, SFN, or other time unit, or associated with an indicated set of times). In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate a displacement-based criterion (e.g., associated with a displacement of 1 cm, 1 dm, 1 m, or other fixed distance in two or three dimensions). In some aspects, the indication for the first wireless device to provide (or transmit) magnetic field measurement information may indicate an event-based criterion (e.g., based on the detection of an anomaly, based on a transition to (or departure from) an anomaly area, based on receiving a request to provide magnetic field information). In some respects, an indication (or request) to provide magnetic field information may be associated with the indicated location and / or time at which the magnetic field information is sent. For example, refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 Base station 702 (or 802) can send magnetic field reports configured 708 (or 808).

[0138] At 1404, the network device can obtain one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices. For example, 1404 can be obtained by... Figure 16 and Figure 17The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 are executed. In some aspects, the information set in one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device) may include at least one of the following: first information about the strength and direction of the magnetic field measured by the wireless device; second information about the sensor of the wireless device used to measure the magnetic field; third information about the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field; and / or fourth information about the time associated with the measured magnetic field. The first information may be provided as a vector (e.g., in Cartesian or polar coordinates). In some aspects, the information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device) may be raw measurement data or calibrated measurement data. In some respects, information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location may include an indication of whether the magnetic sensor is saturated (e.g., whether the magnetic field is at least as strong as the strongest magnetic field the sensor can measure). For example, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The base station 702 (or 802 or 902) can receive magnetic field measurement information 718 (or 818, 824 or 918) from multiple UEs 804 (e.g., information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device).

[0139] At point 1406, the network device can generate a spatial mapping of location to magnetic field information based on one or more sets of information. For example, point 1406 can be derived from... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 are executed. In some aspects, the magnetic field mapping generated at 1406 may include at least one of the following: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector to a spatial location (e.g., as...). Figure 6 The magnetic field difference vector 652 or magnetic field vectors 611, 631, 651 or 661 depicts a magnetic field difference vector or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with a magnetic field that is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region (e.g., as depicted in Figure 600 with respect to sub-regions 630, 640, 650A, 650B or 660, in contrast to sub-regions 610 and 625 within the first region). For example, refer to Figure 8Base station 802 can generate a magnetic field mapping at 820 (e.g., a mapping of spatial location to magnetic field information).

[0140] At 1408, the network device can receive a request from the first wireless device for mapping information about a region associated with the first wireless device. For example, 1408 can be... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 are executed. (See reference) Figure 9 For example, base station 902 can receive magnetic field mapping data request 915.

[0141] At 1410, the network device may output mapping information based on spatial location-to-magnetic field information for at least one wireless device (e.g., a first wireless device). In some aspects, outputting the mapping information may include sending the mapping information based on spatial location-to-magnetic field information at 1411 based on a request received at 1408. For example, 1410 and 1411 may be... Figure 16 and Figure 17 The CU processor 1612, DU processor 1632, RU processor 1642, transceiver 1646, antenna 1680, network processor 1712, network interface 1780, and / or magnetic field mapping component 199 perform the following. In some aspects, the network may determine to output a mapping of spatial location-to-magnetic field information to the first wireless device in response to identifying that the first wireless device has changed between areas and / or that the current area associated with the first wireless device has an updated state (from normal to abnormal, or vice versa). In some aspects, the mapping information may be the mapping information generated at 1406.

[0142] Figure 15Figure 1500 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation of device 1504. Device 1504 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or implement UE functionality. In some aspects, device 1504 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1524 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1522 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). Cellular baseband processor 1524 may include at least one on-chip memory 1524'. In some aspects, device 1504 may also include one or more Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards 1520 and at least one application processor 1506 coupled to a Secure Digital Card (SD) card 1508 and a screen 1510. Application processor 1506 may include on-chip memory 1506'. In some aspects, device 1504 may also include a Bluetooth module 1512, a WLAN module 1514, an SPS module 1516 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1518 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensors such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1526, a power supply 1530, and / or a camera 1532. Bluetooth module 1512, WLAN module 1514, and SPS module 1516 may include on-chip transceivers (TRX) (or in some cases, only receivers (RX)). Bluetooth module 1512, WLAN module 1514, and SPS module 1516 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using one or more antennas 1580. Cellular baseband processor 1524 communicates with UE 104 and / or RU associated with network entity 1502 via transceiver 1522 through one or more antennas 1580. Cellular baseband processor 1524 and application processor 1506 may each include computer-readable media / memory 1524', 1506'. Additional memory module 1526 may also be considered computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory 1524', 1506', 1526 may be non-transitory. Cellular baseband processor 1524 and application processor 1506 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. When executed by cellular baseband processor 1524 / application processor 1506, the software causes cellular baseband processor 1524 / application processor 1506 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by cellular baseband processor 1524 / application processor 1506 during software execution.Cellular baseband processor 1524 / application processor 1506 may be a component of UE 350 and may include at least one of memory 360 and / or TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and controller / processor 359. In one configuration, device 1504 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and may include only cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, while in another configuration, device 1504 may be the entire UE (see, for example). Figure 3 The UE350 includes an additional module of the device 1504.

[0143] As discussed above, the magnetic field reporting component 198 can be configured to: obtain an indication of the location of a wireless device; measure the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and output information to the network device regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device. The magnetic field reporting component 198 may be located within the cellular baseband processor 1524, the application processor 1506, or both the cellular baseband processor 1524 and the application processor 1506. The magnetic field reporting component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the device 1504 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or the application processor 1506, may include components for obtaining an indication of the location of a wireless device. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for measuring the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for outputting information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to the network device. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for obtaining a mapping of the magnetic field information to a set of spatial locations. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for determining the location of the wireless device using the mapping of the magnetic field information to the set of spatial locations. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504, and particularly the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for omitting the measured magnetic field at the wireless device based on a mapping identifying a first area. In some aspects, the device 1504, and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for using the mapping and the magnetic field at the wireless device. In some aspects, the device 1504, and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for using the mapping and multiple measurements associated with corresponding multiple times of the magnetic field at the wireless device to determine the current location.In some aspects, device 1504, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for detecting at least one of the following: a first difference between a measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field having a first magnitude greater than a first threshold, or a second difference between a first orientation based on at least one other sensor and a second orientation based on the first known magnetic field having a second magnitude greater than a second threshold. In some aspects, device 1504, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for transmitting information to a network device regarding the location of a wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location. In some aspects, device 1504, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for determining the location of a wireless device. In some aspects, device 1504, and in particular cellular baseband processor 1524 and / or application processor 1506, may include components for receiving an indication of the location of the wireless device from a network device. The component may be a magnetic field reporting component 198 of device 1504 configured to perform the functions described by the component. As described above, device 1504 may include TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, components may be configured to perform actions described by the components or as per [the description of the components]. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The functions described are TX processor 368, RX processor 356 and / or controller / processor 359.

[0144] Figure 16Figure 1600 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1602. Network entity 1602 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or implement BS functionality. Network entity 1602 may include at least one of CU 1610, DU 1630, or RU 1640. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the magnetic field mapping component 199, network entity 1602 may include: CU 1610; both CU 1610 and DU 1630; each of CU 1610, DU 1630, and RU 1640; DU 1630; both DU 1630 and RU 1640; or RU 1640. CU 1610 may include at least one CU processor 1612. CU processor 1612 may include on-chip memory 1612'. In some aspects, CU 1610 may also include an additional memory module 1614 and a communication interface 1618. CU 1610 communicates with DU 1630 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 1630 may include at least one DU processor 1632. DU processor 1632 may include on-chip memory 1632'. In some aspects, DU 1630 may also include an additional memory module 1634 and a communication interface 1638. DU 1630 communicates with RU 1640 via a fronthaul link. RU 1640 may include at least one RU processor 1642. RU processor 1642 may include on-chip memory 1642'. In some aspects, RU 1640 may also include an additional memory module 1644, one or more transceivers 1646, one or more antennas 1680, and a communication interface 1648. RU 1640 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memories 1612', 1632', 1642' and additional memory modules 1614, 1634, 1644 can each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of processors 1612, 1632, 1642 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. When executed by the corresponding processor, the software causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0145] As discussed above, the magnetic field mapping component 199 can be configured to: acquire one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generate a location-to-magnetic field information mapping in space based on the one or more sets of information; and output location-based mapping information for at least one wireless device. The magnetic field mapping component 199 may be located within one or more processors of one or more of CU 1610, DU 1630, and RU 1640. The magnetic field mapping component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1602 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1602 may include components for acquiring one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices. In some aspects, network entity 1602 may include components for generating a location-to-magnetic field information mapping in space based on one or more sets of information. In some aspects, network entity 1602 may include components for outputting location-based mapping information to at least one wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1602 may include components for outputting an indication that a first wireless device among one or more wireless devices provides information regarding magnetic field measurements at the first wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1602 may include components for receiving a request from the first wireless device for mapping information about an area associated with the first wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1602 may include components for sending location-based mapping information to at least one wireless device. The components may be a magnetic field mapping component 199 of network entity 1602 configured to perform the functions described by the components. As described above, network entity 1602 may include a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and a controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the components may be configured to perform the functions described by the components or as described above. Figure 13 and Figure 14 The functions described are TX processor 316, RX processor 370 and / or controller / processor 375.

[0146] Figure 17Figure 1700 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for network entity 1760. In one example, network entity 1760 may be within core network 120. Network entity 1760 may include at least one network processor 1712. Network processor 1712 may include on-chip memory 1712'. In some aspects, network entity 1760 may also include an additional memory module 1714. Network entity 1760 communicates with CU 1702 directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., via RIC) through network interface 1780. On-chip memory 1712' and additional memory module 1714 may each be considered as computer-readable media / memory. Each computer-readable media / memory may be non-transitory. Network processor 1712 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable media / memory. This software, when executed by a corresponding processor, causes that processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable media / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor while executing the software.

[0147] As discussed above, the magnetic field mapping component 199 can be configured to: acquire one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generate a location-to-magnetic field information mapping in space based on the one or more sets of information; and output location-based mapping information for at least one wireless device. The magnetic field mapping component 199 may be within the network processor 1712. The magnetic field mapping component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may execute the stated process / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1760 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1760 may include components for acquiring one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices. In some aspects, the network entity 1760 may include components for generating a location-to-magnetic field information mapping in space based on one or more sets of information. In some aspects, network entity 1760 may include components for outputting location-based mapping information for at least one wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1760 may include components for outputting an indication for a first wireless device among one or more wireless devices to provide information regarding magnetic field measurements at the location of the first wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1760 may include components for receiving from the first wireless device a request for mapping information about an area associated with the first wireless device. In some aspects, network entity 1760 may include components for transmitting location-based mapping information to at least one wireless device. The components may be configured to perform actions described in the components or as per the description of the network entity 1760. Figure 13 and Figure 14 The magnetic field mapping component 199 describes the function.

[0148] In some aspects, wireless devices may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for determining the device's location and orientation. In some aspects, a magnetometer may be a component of the IMU and may provide a magnetic north (or magnetic south) orientation. Combined with other measurements, the mobile device may use sensor fusion (e.g., Kalman filtering) to estimate its orientation and / or localization. Given a coarse location estimate, the wireless device or UE may retrieve its local magnetic field from a database and treat its orientation as magnetic north. In complex environments with abundant magnetic materials, the local magnetic field will be distorted and will not match the magnetic field in the database.

[0149] In open spaces, this typically works well. However, in complex environments with abundant magnetic materials, local magnetic fields can be distorted and may not match the magnetic field direction indicated in the database. This can lead to orientation and / or localization errors. For example, sensor fusion algorithms may fail to converge and may trigger warnings about unreliability and / or large uncertainties in the associated orientation and / or localization determinations. Therefore, a high-resolution magnetic field database can provide robust sensor fusion (e.g., for orientation estimation and / or localization) in complex environments, such as indoor offices.

[0150] Various aspects generally involve reporting magnetic field information from one or more wireless devices to a network device for the network device to generate a high-resolution magnetic field database that can be used by the wireless devices to perform orientation and / or positioning operations. In one embodiment, we propose a high-resolution magnetic field database for robust sensor fusion. The magnetic field map is crowdsourced from the UE and maintained by the network. The UE can then use the magnetic field map for orientation / positioning. Furthermore, improved positioning is obtained by tracing the magnetic field as a fingerprint for positioning. Some aspects more specifically involve a wireless device that: obtains an indication of the location of the wireless device; measures the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and outputs information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to a network device. Some aspects involve a network device that: obtains one or more sets of information about one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generates a spatial mapping from positioning to magnetic field information based on one or more sets of information; and outputs mapping information based on the positioning mapping to at least one wireless device.

[0151] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to improve the accuracy of orientation and / or positioning operations by providing magnetic field information from at least one wireless device to a network device and generating and / or providing a mapping of the magnetic field to one or more wireless devices.

[0152] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the disclosed process / flowcharts is merely an example of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the boxes in the process / flowcharts may be rearranged based on design preferences. Furthermore, some boxes may be combined or omitted. The appended method claims present the elements of various boxes in a sample order, but are not limited to the given specific order or hierarchy.

[0153] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Unless specifically stated otherwise, references to elements in the singular form do not mean “one and only one” but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “simultaneously” do not imply a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as “when,” do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply suggest that if a condition is met, then the action will occur, without requiring a specific or immediate time limit for the occurrence of the action. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a collection of elements in which the number of elements is one or more. Therefore, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to execute a set of functions, the at least one processor is configured to execute the set of functions individually or in any combination. Therefore, each of the at least one processor can be configured to perform a specific subset of the set of functions, wherein the subset is the complete set, a suitable subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as a processor circuit. A memory / memory module may be referred to as a memory circuit. If the first device receives data from or sends data to the second device, data can be received / sent directly between the first and second devices, or indirectly between the first and second devices through a set of devices. A device configured to "output" data (such as transmission, signal, or message) may, for example, transmit the data using a transceiver, or may transmit the data to the device that sent the data.A device configured to "acquire" data (such as, transmit, signal, or message) may, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to those skilled in the art or will later be known are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc., cannot replace the word "component." Therefore, no claim element will be construed as a functional component unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0154] As used in this article, the phrase “based on” should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” can be information, conditions, factors, etc.) should be interpreted as “based on at least A”, unless otherwise stated otherwise.

[0155] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0156] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: obtaining an indication of the location of the wireless device; measuring a magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; and outputting information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to a network device.

[0157] Aspect 2 is the method according to aspect 1, the method further comprising: obtaining a mapping of magnetic field information to a spatial location set; and using the mapping of the magnetic field information to the spatial location set to determine the location of the wireless device.

[0158] Aspect 3 is the method according to aspect 2, wherein the mapping of the magnetic field information to the spatial location set includes at least one of the following: a first mapping of the magnetic field vector to the spatial location set, or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with at least one magnetic field, the at least one magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

[0159] Aspect 4 is the method according to aspect 3, wherein determining the location of the wireless device includes: omitting the measured magnetic field at the wireless device based on the mapping that identifies the first region; or using the mapping and the magnetic field at the wireless device.

[0160] Aspect 5 is the method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 4, wherein determining the location of the wireless device includes using the mapping and a plurality of measurements of the magnetic field at the wireless device associated with corresponding plurality of times to determine the current location.

[0161] Aspect 6 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the information regarding the measured magnetic field at the wireless device is related to at least one of the original magnetic field measurement and the calibrated magnetic field measurement.

[0162] Aspect 7 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the information regarding the measured magnetic field at the wireless device is associated with at least one of a set of three independent axes and a set of polar coordinates.

[0163] Aspect 8 is the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the information regarding the magnetic field measured at the wireless device includes at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field at the wireless device, second information regarding the sensor of the wireless device used to measure the magnetic field at the wireless device, third information regarding the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field at the wireless device, and fourth information regarding the time associated with measuring the magnetic field at the wireless device.

[0164] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device is output based on at least one of: detecting an anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device, configured periodicity, or a request to output the information.

[0165] Aspect 10 is the method according to aspect 9, wherein detecting the anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device includes detecting at least one of the following: a first difference between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field having a first magnitude greater than a first threshold; or a second difference between a first orientation based on at least one other sensor and a second orientation based on the first known magnetic field having a second magnitude greater than a second threshold.

[0166] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein outputting the information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device comprises: sending the information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to the network device.

[0167] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein obtaining the indication of the location of the wireless device includes one of: determining the location of the wireless device; or receiving the indication of the location of the wireless device from the network device.

[0168] Aspect 13 is a method for wireless communication at a network device, the method comprising: obtaining one or more sets of information about one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; generating a spatial location-to-magnetic field information based on the one or more sets of information; and outputting mapping information based on the location-to-magnetic field information for at least one wireless device.

[0169] Aspect 14 is the method according to aspect 13, wherein the mapping of the spatial location to the magnetic field information includes at least one of: a first mapping of the magnetic field vector to the spatial location; or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with the magnetic field, the magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

[0170] Aspect 15 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 and 14, the method further comprising: outputting an indication for a first wireless device in one or more wireless devices to provide information about magnetic field measurements at the first wireless device.

[0171] Aspect 16 is the method according to aspect 15, wherein the output of the indication is based on obtaining at least one set of information regarding at least one magnetic field measurement in the area associated with the first wireless device that is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field.

[0172] Aspect 17 is a method according to any one of aspects 15 and 16, wherein the indication for the first wireless device to provide the information includes at least one of: a first indication providing information about the current time, a second indication providing information about the future time of the schedule, or a third indication providing information about the future time associated with the detection of a difference greater than a first threshold between the measured magnetic field and the first known magnetic field.

[0173] Aspect 18 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 17, the method further comprising: receiving from a first wireless device a request for mapping information of a region associated with the first wireless device, wherein the mapping information is output based on the request and includes correction data for the region.

[0174] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 18, wherein the one or more sets of information relating to the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices are associated with at least one of one or more original magnetic field measurements or one or more calibrated magnetic field measurements.

[0175] Aspect 20 is the method according to any one of aspects 13 to 19, wherein the set of one or more information regarding the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices is associated with at least one of a set of three independent axes and a set of polar coordinates.

[0176] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 20, wherein the set of one or more pieces of information relating to the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices includes at least one of the following: first information relating to the strength and direction of the one or more magnetic fields measured at the one or more wireless devices; second information relating to one or more sensors of the one or more wireless devices for measuring the one or more magnetic fields at the one or more wireless devices; third information relating to one or more locations of the one or more wireless devices when performing the one or more magnetic field measurements; fourth information relating to one or more orientations of the one or more wireless devices when performing the one or more magnetic field measurements; and fifth information relating to one or more times associated with performing the one or more magnetic field measurements.

[0177] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 13 to 21, wherein outputting the mapping information based on the location includes: sending the mapping information based on the location to the at least one wireless device.

[0178] Aspect 23 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0179] Aspect 24 is the apparatus according to aspect 23, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver or antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0180] Aspect 25 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0181] Aspect 26 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0182] Aspect 27 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor being configured to implement any one of aspects 13 to 22.

[0183] Aspect 28 is the apparatus according to aspect 27, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver or antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0184] Aspect 29 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including components for implementing any one of aspects 13 to 22.

[0185] Aspect 30 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) that stores computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 13 to 22.

Claims

1. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a wireless device, the apparatus comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and based at least in part on stored information stored in the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination as follows: Obtain an indication of the location of the wireless device; Measure the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; as well as The network device outputs information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: Obtaining the mapping from magnetic field information to spatial positioning sets; and The location of the wireless device is determined using the mapping from the magnetic field information to the spatial location set.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the mapping of the magnetic field information to the spatial location set comprises at least one of the following: a first mapping of the magnetic field vector to the spatial location set, or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with at least one magnetic field, the at least one magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, in order to determine the location of the wireless device, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: The measured magnetic field at the wireless device is omitted based on the mapping that identifies the first region; or Using the mapping and the magnetic field at the wireless device.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in order to determine the location of the wireless device, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to use the mapping and a plurality of measurements of the magnetic field at the wireless device associated with corresponding plurality of times to determine the current location.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the measured magnetic field at the wireless device is related to at least one of the original magnetic field measurement and the calibrated magnetic field measurement.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the measured magnetic field at the wireless device is associated with at least one of a set of three independent axes and a set of polar coordinates.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the magnetic field measured at the wireless device includes at least one of the following: first information regarding the strength and direction of the magnetic field at the wireless device, second information regarding a sensor of the wireless device for measuring the magnetic field at the wireless device, third information regarding the orientation of the wireless device when measuring the magnetic field at the wireless device, and fourth information regarding the time associated with measuring the magnetic field at the wireless device.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to output the information about the location of the wireless device and a measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device based on at least one of: detecting an anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device, configured periodicity, or a request to output the information.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, in order to detect the anomaly in the magnetic field at the wireless device, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to detect at least one of: a first difference between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field having a first magnitude greater than a first threshold; or a second difference between a first orientation based on at least one other sensor and a second orientation based on the first known magnetic field having a second magnitude greater than a second threshold.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to output the information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to transmit the information regarding the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at the location of the wireless device to the network device via the transceiver.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in order to obtain the indication of the location of the wireless device, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to: Determine the location of the wireless device; or Receive the indication of the location of the wireless device from the network device.

13. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network device, the apparatus comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, coupled to the at least one memory, and based at least in part on stored information stored in the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination as follows: To obtain one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; Based on the one or more sets of information, a mapping from spatial location to magnetic field information is generated; as well as Output mapping information based on the location for at least one wireless device.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the mapping of the spatial location to the magnetic field information comprises at least one of: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector to spatial location; or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with a magnetic field, the magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: The output provides an indication to the first wireless device among the one or more wireless devices regarding information about magnetic field measurements at the first wireless device.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to output the indication based on at least one set of information about at least one magnetic field measurement in a region associated with the first wireless device that is inconsistent with a first known magnetic field.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the indication for the first wireless device to provide the information comprises at least one of: a first indication providing information about the current time, a second indication providing information about the future time of the schedule, or a third indication providing information about the future time associated with the detection of a difference greater than a first threshold between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field.

18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured, alone or in any combination, to: A request for mapping information of a region associated with the first wireless device is received from the first wireless device, wherein the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to output the mapping information based on the request, and the output of the mapping information includes correction data for the region.

19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more sets of information relating to the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices are related to at least one of one or more original magnetic field measurements or one or more calibrated magnetic field measurements.

20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the set of one or more information relating to the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices is associated with at least one of a set of three independent axes and a set of polar coordinates.

21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the set of one or more pieces of information relating to the one or more magnetic field measurements at the one or more wireless devices includes at least one of the following: first information relating to the strength and direction of the one or more magnetic fields measured at the one or more wireless devices; second information relating to one or more sensors of the one or more wireless devices for measuring the one or more magnetic fields at the one or more wireless devices; third information relating to one or more locations of the one or more wireless devices when performing the one or more magnetic field measurements; fourth information relating to one or more orientations of the one or more wireless devices when performing the one or more magnetic field measurements; and fifth information relating to one or more times associated with performing the one or more magnetic field measurements.

22. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein, in order to output the mapping information based on the location, the at least one processor is configured individually or in any combination to transmit the mapping information based on the location to the at least one wireless device via the transceiver.

23. A method for performing wireless communication at a wireless device, the method comprising: Obtain an indication of the location of the wireless device; Measure the magnetic field at the location of the wireless device; as well as The network device outputs information about the location of the wireless device and the measured magnetic field at that location.

24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: Obtain the mapping from magnetic field information to spatial positioning sets; as well as The location of the wireless device is determined using the mapping from the magnetic field information to the spatial location set.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the mapping of the magnetic field information to the spatial location set comprises at least one of: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector to the spatial location set, or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with at least one magnetic field, the at least one magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein determining the location of the wireless device comprises using the mapping and a plurality of measurements of the magnetic field at the wireless device associated with corresponding plurality of times to determine the current location.

27. A method for wireless communication at a network device, the method comprising: To obtain one or more sets of information regarding one or more magnetic field measurements at one or more wireless devices; Based on the one or more sets of information, a mapping from spatial location to magnetic field information is generated; as well as Output mapping information based on the location for at least one wireless device.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the mapping of the spatial location to the magnetic field information comprises at least one of: a first mapping of a magnetic field vector to a spatial location; or a second mapping identifying a first region associated with a magnetic field, the magnetic field being inconsistent with a first known magnetic field for at least one second region including the first region.

29. The method of claim 27, further comprising: Output an indication for the first wireless device in one or more of the wireless devices to provide information about magnetic field measurements at the first wireless device, wherein the indication for the first wireless device to provide the information includes at least one of the following: a first indication to provide information about the current time, a second indication to provide information about the scheduled future time, or a third indication to provide information about the future time associated with a detected difference greater than a first threshold between the measured magnetic field and a first known magnetic field.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising: A request for mapping information of a region associated with the first wireless device is received from the first wireless device, wherein the mapping information is output based on the request and includes correction data for the region.

Images