Automatic correction device for hard grinding wheel

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hard abrasive wheel automatic correction device, it is related to abrasive wheel correction technical field, including pedestal, the pedestal is equipped with by three-way drive component and detection component reciprocating motion in three-dimensional space by driving polishing assembly;The polishing assembly includes polishing motor, and the output shaft of polishing motor is fixedly connected with mounting seat, and the side of mounting seat away from polishing motor is installed with multiple abrasive blocks along its axial direction, and the position corresponding to each abrasive block in mounting seat is provided with pressure sensor respectively, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the axial polishing pressure that corresponding abrasive block receives;The three-way drive component includes at least one direction driving mechanism, and the axial direction of polishing motor is parallel to the driving direction of the direction driving mechanism, and the direction driving mechanism is equipped with displacement sensor.The hard abrasive wheel automatic correction device, finishing efficiency is high, precision is good, and can significantly improve the utilization of finishing consumables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding wheel dressing technology, specifically to an automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels. Background Technology

[0002] Superhard abrasive wheels are core tools for precision grinding of hard and brittle materials such as sapphire, cemented carbide, and precision bearing steel balls. Their surface profile accuracy, groove form and position tolerances, and surface condition directly determine the final product's machining quality. During continuous high-intensity grinding, grinding wheels inevitably experience wear phenomena such as abrasive grain passivation, surface clogging, profile flatness distortion, and uneven groove depth. If not dressed in time, machining errors will rapidly increase to over 0.01mm; in severe cases, this can lead to grinding wheel matrix cracking, platen damage, and even major equipment accidents such as grinding machine spindle collisions. Therefore, it is necessary to stop production during grinding wheel dressing.

[0003] Currently, grinding wheel dressing technology mainly suffers from the following problems: Existing manual dressing devices rely on operator experience, resulting in low accuracy and poor safety, and are unsuitable for automated production lines. Semi-automatic dressing devices mostly employ single-axis or dual-axis drive structures, allowing the dressing tool to only achieve linear feed in a plane, leading to excessive localized wear of the dressing tool. This excessive localized wear results in a consumable waste rate exceeding 30%. Furthermore, the lack of online real-time detection and closed-loop control capabilities prevents dynamic monitoring of the grinding wheel profile accuracy and dressing amount during the dressing process, easily leading to problems such as insufficient dressing causing batch scrapping or over-dressing shortening the grinding wheel's lifespan.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to propose an automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels that has high dressing efficiency and high precision, and can significantly improve the utilization rate of dressing consumables, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic correction device for hard abrasive wheels, comprising a base, wherein a grinding component and a detection component are provided on the base and are driven by a three-way drive component to reciprocate in three-dimensional space; The grinding assembly includes a grinding motor, the output shaft of which is fixedly connected to a mounting base. Multiple grinding blocks are floatingly mounted on the side of the mounting base away from the grinding motor along its axial direction. A pressure sensor is provided in the mounting base corresponding to the position of each grinding block. The pressure sensor is used to detect the axial grinding pressure on the corresponding grinding block. The three-way drive assembly includes at least one directional drive mechanism whose drive direction is parallel to the axis of the grinding motor, and the directional drive mechanism is equipped with a displacement sensor. The detection component includes a mounting base, on which an image acquisition module and a laser contour sensor are fixedly connected.

[0008] Preferably, the three-axis drive assembly includes an X-axis moving mechanism, a Y-axis moving mechanism, a first Z-axis moving mechanism, and a second Z-axis moving mechanism. The X-axis moving mechanism is fixedly connected to the base, the Y-axis moving mechanism is fixedly connected to the moving part of the X-axis moving mechanism, and both the first Z-axis moving mechanism and the second Z-axis moving mechanism are fixedly connected to the moving part of the Y-axis moving mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the grinding component is driven to reciprocate by a first Z-axis moving mechanism, and the detection component is driven to reciprocate by a second Z-axis moving mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the X-axis moving mechanism includes an X-axis slide, which is slidably connected to the base via an X-axis guide rail, and the X-axis slide is driven to reciprocate by an X-axis linear motor.

[0011] Preferably, the driving direction of the Y-axis moving mechanism is parallel to the axis of the grinding motor. The Y-axis moving mechanism includes a base plate, on which a Y-axis slide is slidably connected via a Y-axis guide rail. The Y-axis slide is driven to reciprocate by a Y-axis linear motor, and the displacement sensor is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide.

[0012] Preferably, a photoelectric sensor block is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide, and photoelectric sensors are fixedly connected to the beginning and end positions of the base plate corresponding to the moving path of the photoelectric sensor block.

[0013] Preferably, the first Z-axis moving mechanism includes at least two parallel sliding rods, the grinding motor is slidably connected to the sliding rods, and the grinding motor is driven to reciprocate by a first Z-axis linear motor.

[0014] Preferably, the image acquisition module and the laser contour sensor are both arranged in a direction parallel to the axis of the grinding motor.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a controller, which includes a grinding wheel dressing parameter storage module, a closed-loop control module, and a data management and traceability module.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels employs a floating grinding block installation and real-time feedback from a pressure sensor to achieve constant pressure dressing. This avoids dressing pressure fluctuations caused by grinding wheel wear or feed errors, improving the consistency of dressing quality. Furthermore, by setting up a closed-loop control algorithm and a grinding wheel dressing parameter database, it achieves full automation of grinding wheel dressing, reducing reliance on operator skills and improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0017] 2. This automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels employs a feed system directly driven by a linear motor and fully closed-loop controlled by a grating ruler. This eliminates transmission backlash, improves feed accuracy, and meets the requirements for high-precision grinding wheel dressing. Simultaneously, a grinding motor drives the grinding block to oscillate, ensuring uniform wear and reducing material waste.

[0018] 3. This automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels adopts a dual Z-axis independent drive structure, which realizes the independent movement of the grinding component and the detection component. It can perform real-time online detection during the dressing process without stopping the machine to switch processes, which greatly improves the dressing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the X-axis moving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the Y-axis moving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the Z-axis moving mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the mounting base of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the controller of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. X-axis moving mechanism; 3. Y-axis moving mechanism; 4. Protective shell; 5. Grinding motor; 6. Grinding block; 7. First Z-axis moving mechanism; 8. Second Z-axis moving mechanism; 12. X-axis slide; 13. X-axis guide rail; 14. X-axis linear motor; 15. Rubber anti-collision block; 22. Y-axis linear motor; 23. Photoelectric sensor; 24. Photoelectric sensing block; 25. Base plate; 26. Y-axis guide rail; 27. Y-axis slide; 28. Displacement sensor; 30. Slide rod; 31. Fixing plate; 32. First Z-axis linear motor; 33. Fixing base; 34. Fill light; 35. Image acquisition module; 36. Laser contour sensor; 37. Second Z-axis linear motor; 38. Mounting base; 40. Pressure sensor; 41. Slot; 42. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-6 As shown, an automatic dressing device for hard abrasive wheels includes a base 1, on which a three-way drive assembly is disposed. The output end of the three-way drive assembly is respectively connected to a grinding assembly and a detection assembly. The grinding assembly and the detection assembly are moved in three-dimensional space by the three-way drive assembly.

[0023] The three-axis drive assembly includes an X-axis moving mechanism 2, a Y-axis moving mechanism 3, a first Z-axis moving mechanism 7, and a second Z-axis moving mechanism 8. All four moving mechanisms are directly driven by linear motors to eliminate the backlash in intermediate transmission links such as lead screws and synchronous belts, thereby improving positioning accuracy and response speed.

[0024] The X-axis moving mechanism 2 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base 1, and includes an X-axis slide 12, two parallel X-axis guide rails 13, and an X-axis linear motor 14. The two X-axis guide rails 13 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the X-axis linear motor 14 and are both fixedly mounted on the base 1 along the X-axis. The bottom of the X-axis slide 12 is slidably connected to the two X-axis guide rails 13 via a slider, and the middle part of the X-axis slide 12 is fixedly connected to the mover of the X-axis linear motor 14, and is driven by the X-axis linear motor 14 to move along the X-axis. Rubber anti-collision blocks 15 are fixedly connected to both ends of the X-axis linear motor 14 to buffer the impact of the X-axis slide 12 at extreme positions.

[0025] The Y-axis moving mechanism 3 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the X-axis slide 12, and its driving direction is parallel to the axis of the grinding motor 5. The Y-axis moving mechanism 3 includes a base plate 25, two parallel Y-axis guide rails 26, a Y-axis slide 27, and a Y-axis linear motor 22. The base plate 25 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the X-axis slide 12 by bolts; the two Y-axis guide rails 26 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the Y-axis linear motor 22, and are both fixedly mounted on the base plate 25 along the Y-axis; the bottom of the Y-axis slide 27 is slidably connected to the two Y-axis guide rails 26 through a slider, and the middle part of the Y-axis slide 27 is fixedly connected to the mover of the Y-axis linear motor 22, and is driven by the Y-axis linear motor 22 to move along the Y-axis direction. Rubber anti-collision blocks 15 are also fixedly connected to both ends of the Y-axis linear motor 22.

[0026] A displacement sensor 28 is installed on the Y-axis moving mechanism 3. The displacement sensor 28 includes a grating ruler reading head and a grating ruler. The grating ruler reading head is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide 27, and the grating ruler is fixedly installed along the Y-axis on the base plate 25 at a position corresponding to the grating ruler reading head. Using the grating ruler displacement detection unit, the displacement detection accuracy can reach ±0.001mm, which can meet the high-precision feeding requirements of this equipment.

[0027] A photoelectric sensor block 24 is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide 27, and photoelectric sensors 23 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 25 at the beginning and end positions corresponding to the moving path of the photoelectric sensor block 24. The photoelectric sensors 23 are electrically connected to the controller 42 and are used to limit the extreme stroke of the Y-axis slide 27 to prevent the equipment from colliding.

[0028] The first Z-axis moving mechanism 7 and the second Z-axis moving mechanism 8 are fixedly installed side by side at the front end of the Y-axis slide 27. They are used to independently drive the grinding assembly and the inspection assembly to move along the Z-axis, thereby allowing the grinding and inspection processes to be performed in separate time or in parallel, improving efficiency. The first Z-axis moving mechanism 7 includes at least two parallel sliding rods 30, a fixed plate 31, and a first Z-axis linear motor 32. The fixed plate 31 is fixedly connected to the Y-axis slide 27, and the two sliding rods 30 are fixedly installed on the fixed plate 31 vertically along the Z-axis. The grinding motor 5 is slidably connected to the two sliding rods 30 through linear bearings, and the grinding motor 5 is fixedly connected to the mover of the first Z-axis linear motor 32, and is driven by the first Z-axis linear motor 32 to move along the Z-axis. The sliding rods 30 are used to provide auxiliary support for the grinding motor 5, improving the stability of the grinding assembly during the grinding process.

[0029] The second Z-axis moving mechanism 8 includes a second Z-axis linear motor 37 and a guide assembly. The fixed base 33 of the detection assembly is fixedly connected to the moving part of the second Z-axis moving mechanism 8, and the detection assembly is driven to move up and down independently by the second Z-axis linear motor 37.

[0030] The grinding assembly includes a grinding motor 5, a mounting base 38, multiple grinding blocks 6, and multiple pressure sensors 40. The grinding motor 5 is a servo motor, with its output shaft horizontally positioned along the Y-axis. The center of the mounting base 38 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the grinding motor 5 and is driven by the grinding motor 5 to rotate around the Y-axis. Multiple slots 41 extending axially are provided on the end face of the mounting base 38 away from the grinding motor 5. A grinding block 6 can be slidably inserted into each slot 41. The grinding block 6 is a cuboid silicon carbide dressing block with its front end extending beyond the end face of the mounting base 38.

[0031] A pressure sensor 40 is fixedly installed at the bottom of each slot 41. The detection surface of the pressure sensor 40 abuts against the axial rear end of the corresponding grinding block 6, and is used to detect the axial grinding pressure on the grinding block 6 in real time during the dressing process.

[0032] The detection assembly includes a mounting base 33, an image acquisition module 35, a laser contour sensor 36, a supplementary light 34, and a protective housing 4. The protective housing 4 is used for dust protection and safety isolation. The mounting base 33 is fixedly installed at the output end of the second Z-axis moving mechanism 8. The detection directions of the image acquisition module 35 and the laser contour sensor 36 are parallel to the axis of the grinding motor 5 and correspond to the position of the grinding wheel to be detected.

[0033] The image acquisition module 35 is a CCD industrial vision unit equipped with a high-resolution telecentric lens for acquiring microscopic images of the grinding wheel surface. The supplementary light 34 is a ring-shaped LED supplementary light, coaxially mounted at the front of the lens of the image acquisition module 35, to provide a uniform lighting environment and improve image acquisition quality. The laser profile sensor 36 has a detection range of 30mm-400mm and a resolution of 0.01mmz, used for real-time acquisition of data on the grinding wheel's diameter, circular runout, end face flatness, and profile deviation.

[0034] It also includes a controller 42, which includes a grinding wheel dressing parameter storage module, a closed-loop control module, and a data management and traceability module. The linear motor, grinding motor 5, image acquisition module 35, laser profile sensor 36, and pressure sensor 40 are all connected to the controller.

[0035] The controller 42 includes a grinding wheel dressing parameter storage module, a closed-loop control module, and a data management and traceability module.

[0036] The grinding wheel dressing parameter storage module pre-stores dressing process parameters related to the grinding wheel, including but not limited to grinding wheel speed, dressing pressure, Y-axis feed rate, single depth of cut, and threshold values ​​for roughing and finishing stages. The operator can select the matching grinding wheel model via the touch panel of the controller 42.

[0037] The closed-loop control module employs a PID control algorithm to precisely regulate the grinding process in real time during the finishing process. Pressure closed loop: The axial grinding pressure on the grinding block 6, fed back in real time by the pressure sensor 40, is used as the process variable and compared with a set target pressure value, such as 15N-20N. The feed speed of the Y-axis linear motor 22 is dynamically adjusted through the PID algorithm to ensure that the actual grinding pressure remains stable within the preset range. Position closed loop: The actual position of the Y-axis slide 27, fed back by the grating ruler displacement sensor 28, is used as the position variable and compared with the target position. The feed position of the Y-axis linear motor 22 is adjusted in real time to eliminate micro-errors in the transmission process. The dual closed loops work together to simultaneously ensure the stability of force control and the accuracy of position control during the finishing process.

[0038] The data management and traceability module imports standard CAD profile files through an external interface and displays them graphically on a touch-screen all-in-one machine, allowing for editing of dressing paths. After each dressing operation, the controller 42 automatically generates a standard-format dressing report and uploads the report and key process data to the factory production management system via the workshop network, enabling long-term traceability of grinding wheel dressing quality and continuous process optimization.

[0039] Workflow: The base 1 is fixedly installed on the worktable of the grinding machine. The position of the equipment is adjusted so that the axis of the grinding motor 5 is parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel to be dressed. The unbalanced eccentricity of the grinding wheel to be dressed is adjusted to ≤e1 threshold beforehand using the vibration sensor and balance weights provided with the grinding machine to avoid the vibration of the grinding wheel itself affecting the dressing accuracy. The dressing process parameters corresponding to the grinding wheel model are selected on the touch screen all-in-one machine of the controller 42, or custom parameters are manually entered.

[0040] The controller 42 controls the second Z-axis moving mechanism 8 to drive the detection component to descend to the detection height, and measures the initial diameter, initial circular runout and initial profile deviation of the grinding wheel through the laser profile sensor 36, and acquires the initial image of the grinding wheel surface through the image acquisition module 35; the controller 42 controls the first Z-axis moving mechanism 7 to drive the grinding component to descend to the dressing height, so that the grinding block 6 makes slight contact with the grinding wheel surface, and calibrates the initial threshold of the pressure signal through the force data acquired by the pressure sensor 40.

[0041] The controller 42 controls the three-way drive assembly to move the grinding block 6 to the dressing start position of the grinding wheel, and starts the grinding motor 5 to drive the mounting base 38 and the grinding block 6 to rotate. The large depth of cut and strong cutting dressing method is adopted. The Y-axis moving mechanism 3 is controlled to drive the grinding block 6 to feed towards the grinding wheel at a set feed speed. The depth of cut in a single cut does not exceed the maximum size of the abrasive grain, and the macroscopic plane and circular runout errors of the grinding wheel are quickly repaired. During the rough dressing process, the laser profile sensor 36 collects the circular runout data of the grinding wheel once every 1 second. When the radial runout of the grinding wheel is detected to be ≤t1 threshold, the rough dressing stage ends.

[0042] In the finishing stage, the grinding motor 5 drives the mounting base 38 to move the grinding block 6 in a reciprocating swinging motion for finishing. At the same time, the pressure sensor 40 detects the axial grinding pressure on the grinding block 6 in real time. The controller 42 dynamically adjusts the Y-axis feed speed according to the feedback data of the pressure sensor 40 through the adaptive closed-loop control module, and stably controls the grinding pressure within the range of 15N-20N. During the finishing process, the laser profile sensor 36 collects the profile data of the grinding wheel every 0.5 seconds. When the profile deviation of the grinding wheel is detected to be ≤0.01mm, the finishing stage ends.

[0043] The controller 42 controls the grinding assembly to stop rotating and reset to its initial position, and controls the detection assembly to perform a second comprehensive inspection of the dressed grinding wheel, including diameter, circular runout, contour accuracy, and surface quality. If the inspection results meet the standards, the controller 42 automatically generates a dressing report, records all process parameters and inspection data of this dressing, and uploads it to the factory production management system. If the inspection results do not meet the standards, the controller 42 activates an audible and visual alarm and prompts the user to perform a second dressing. After all processes are completed, the controller 42 controls all axes of the three-way drive assembly to reset to their origin.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with a grinding component and a detection component that are driven by a three-way drive component to reciprocate in three-dimensional space; The grinding assembly includes a grinding motor (5), the output shaft of which is fixedly connected to a mounting base (38). Multiple grinding blocks (6) are floatingly mounted on the side of the mounting base (38) away from the grinding motor (5) along its axial direction. A pressure sensor (40) is provided in the mounting base (38) corresponding to the position of each grinding block (6). The pressure sensor (40) is used to detect the axial grinding pressure on the corresponding grinding block (6). The three-way drive assembly includes at least one directional drive mechanism whose drive direction is parallel to the axis of the grinding motor (5), and the directional drive mechanism is provided with a displacement sensor (28). The detection component includes a mounting base (33), on which an image acquisition module (35) and a laser contour sensor (36) are fixedly connected.

2. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way drive assembly includes an X-axis moving mechanism (2), a Y-axis moving mechanism (3), a first Z-axis moving mechanism (7), and a second Z-axis moving mechanism (8). The X-axis moving mechanism (2) is fixedly connected to the base (1), the Y-axis moving mechanism (3) is fixedly connected to the moving part of the X-axis moving mechanism (2), and the first Z-axis moving mechanism (7) and the second Z-axis moving mechanism (8) are both fixedly connected to the moving part of the Y-axis moving mechanism (3).

3. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The grinding component is driven to reciprocate by the first Z-axis moving mechanism (7), and the detection component is driven to reciprocate by the second Z-axis moving mechanism (8).

4. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis moving mechanism (2) includes an X-axis slide (12), which is slidably connected to the base (1) via an X-axis guide rail (13). The X-axis slide (12) is driven to reciprocate by an X-axis linear motor (14).

5. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving direction of the Y-axis moving mechanism (3) is parallel to the axis of the grinding motor (5). The Y-axis moving mechanism (3) includes a base plate (25). A Y-axis slide (27) is slidably connected to the base plate (25) via a Y-axis guide rail (26). The Y-axis slide (27) is driven to reciprocate by a Y-axis linear motor (22). The displacement sensor (28) is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide (27).

6. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 5, characterized in that: A photoelectric sensor block (24) is fixedly connected to one side of the Y-axis slide (27), and photoelectric sensors (23) are fixedly connected to the beginning and end of the movement path of the photoelectric sensor block (24) on the base plate (25).

7. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first Z-axis moving mechanism (7) includes at least two parallel sliding rods (30), the grinding motor (5) is slidably connected to the sliding rods (30), and the grinding motor (5) is driven to reciprocate by the first Z-axis linear motor (32).

8. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image acquisition module (35) and the laser contour sensor (36) are both arranged in a direction parallel to the axis of the grinding motor (5).

9. The automatic dressing device for hard grinding wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller (42), which includes a grinding wheel dressing parameter storage module, a closed-loop control module and a data management and traceability module.

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