Engineering surveying forced centering device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of engineering surveying, and specifically relates to a kind of engineering surveying forced centering device, including base and the installation part for being connected with surveying instrument, the installation part is detachably arranged on the base, locking mechanism is equipped on the installation part;The locking mechanism includes drive mechanism, first transmission assembly and main locking assembly;The drive mechanism includes the mounting seat fixed to installation part, and threaded rod is rotatably connected on the mounting seat.The present application is integrated with a set of active locking mechanism on the installation part for being connected with surveying instrument.The mechanism is driven screw block by rotating threaded rod, and then symmetrically distributed conical limiting pin is radially extended by connecting rod, so that it is actively, rigidly inserted into corresponding conical limiting slot on base, and reliable locking is realized.The technical problems that traditional conical surface nesting centering device relies on friction, is easily loosened by vibration, and connection quality is uncontrollable are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering surveying technology, and specifically to a forced centering device for engineering surveying. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of engineering surveying, especially in scenarios such as high-precision, long-term deformation monitoring and precision construction control networks, forced alignment devices are the core infrastructure for achieving high-precision and repeatable positioning of measuring instruments. Traditional forced alignment devices typically employ a conical nesting positioning method, which, while solving the instrument alignment problem to some extent, has inherent structural and performance defects. These defects directly affect the reliability and accuracy of measurements, especially when facing complex and harsh field engineering environments.

[0003] A search revealed Chinese patent number CN111323001A, which discloses a forced centering device for engineering measurement and its usage method. The device comprises a base embedded in an observation pier and a mounting section that can be connected to a measuring instrument. The base has a conical mounting column at its top, and the mounting section has a mounting groove adapted to the conical column. The two work together through a nested conical surface to achieve rapid positioning and centering.

[0004] While this type of solution effectively simplifies operation and solves the problem of easy clogging of threaded holes through the self-centering principle of conical surfaces, in long-term, high-requirement engineering applications, its reliance on self-weight and friction in connection rigidity makes it prone to slight movement or even loosening at the connection points under dynamic loads such as strong winds and vibrations. This not only directly impairs measurement accuracy and introduces systematic errors in repeated observations, but also poses a safety hazard, potentially leading to instrument tipping and damage. Secondly, in terms of connection quality, due to the lack of active locking and clear positioning indication, its final state depends entirely on the feel of operation and accidental factors, resulting in inconsistent connection stiffness and the inability to achieve repeatable and accurate alignment, which violates the basic requirements of precision measurement.

[0005] Therefore, a forced centering device for engineering measurement is proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical problems to be solved To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an engineering measurement forced alignment device that solves the problems of insufficient connection rigidity, susceptibility to environmental influences causing micro-movement and loosening, and connection quality relying on subjective feel and being difficult to standardize in traditional conical nested alignment devices.

[0007] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides an engineering measurement forced centering device, including a base and a mounting part for connecting with a measuring instrument, the mounting part being detachably disposed on the base, and the mounting part being provided with a main locking mechanism; The main locking mechanism includes a drive mechanism, a first transmission assembly, and a main locking assembly; The drive mechanism includes a mounting base fixed to the mounting part, and a threaded rod rotatably connected to the mounting base, wherein a threaded slider is adapted on the threaded rod; The first transmission component is connected between the threaded slider and the main locking component; The main locking assembly includes at least two slidably mounted limit pins on the mounting portion, and the base is provided with limit slots that are adapted to the limit pins; When the mounting part is fitted onto the base, the threaded slider is driven to move by rotating the threaded rod. The first transmission assembly converts the linear motion of the threaded slider into the radial extension motion of at least two limiting pins, so that the limiting pins are inserted into the limiting slots to lock the mounting part onto the base.

[0008] Furthermore, the threaded slider includes an internal threaded ring and an external connecting ring coaxially sleeved together, the internal threaded ring meshing with the threaded rod, and the external connecting ring connected to the first transmission assembly; An overrunning clutch is provided between the internal threaded ring and the outer connecting ring. When the torque between the internal threaded ring and the outer connecting ring exceeds a preset value, the overrunning clutch enters a slipping state.

[0009] Furthermore, the main locking mechanism also includes an anti-reverse component, which includes an eccentric wheel fixed to the threaded rod and an elastic pressing unit slidably disposed on the mounting part and abutting against the contour of the eccentric wheel. When the limiting pin is inserted into the limiting slot to the preset position, the rotation of the eccentric wheel causes the elastic clamping unit to displace and clamp the threaded rod.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary locking component, which includes a locking ring sleeved between the base and the mounting part. The inner and outer ring surfaces of the locking ring are both inclined, and the ring surface is provided with an opening for accommodating balls. The main locking assembly also includes a limiting slider slidably disposed on the limiting pin, which pushes the locking ring to move axially when the limiting pin moves radially.

[0011] Furthermore, the limiting slider is elastically connected to the mounting groove opened on the surface of the limiting pin by a first spring.

[0012] Furthermore, the mounting part is provided with a limiting groove for the limiting slider to slide, and the width of the limiting slider is smaller than the width of the limiting groove, so as to form an exhaust channel when the mounting part is fitted onto the base.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a hydraulic linkage protection mechanism; The hydraulic linkage protection mechanism includes a hydraulic pipeline located within the mounting section, a first piston rod and a second piston rod slidably located within the hydraulic pipeline, and a second connecting rod connecting the threaded slider and the second piston rod. An instrument tray is provided above the mounting part, and a protective rod connected to the first piston rod is rotatably connected to the instrument tray. When the threaded slider moves, it drives the second piston rod through the second connecting rod, and through the medium transmission in the hydraulic pipeline, controls the lifting and lowering of the first piston rod, thereby driving the protective rod to rotate.

[0014] Furthermore, the first transmission assembly includes at least two sets of connecting rods, one end of which is rotatably connected to a threaded slider, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the corresponding limiting pin.

[0015] Furthermore, the mounting part is provided with a sliding groove that slides in conjunction with the limiting pin.

[0016] Furthermore, the mounting section is provided with a protective cover that covers the main locking mechanism.

[0017] Beneficial effects The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention abandons the traditional pure conical surface nesting centering method. Instead, it integrates an active locking mechanism consisting of a threaded rod, a threaded slider, a first connecting rod, and a conical limiting pin on the mounting part. By manually rotating the threaded rod, the threaded slider is driven to move linearly. The connecting rod mechanism then converts the linear motion into the synchronous and symmetrical radial extension motion of the two limiting pins, so that they are precisely locked into the pre-set conical limiting slots on the base. This upgrades the passive friction pressing to active rigid locking. When the conical limiting pin is engaged with the corresponding conical limiting slot, the radial thrust is efficiently converted into a huge axial locking force and circumferential friction torque, thereby rigidly connecting the mounting part and the base into one unit in three-dimensional space (axial, radial, and circumferential). This solves the core technical problem of easy loosening of the connection under dynamic loads such as vibration and strong wind in traditional solutions, providing an absolutely stable benchmark for high-precision measurement and ensuring the long-term stability of the centering accuracy. Furthermore, this solution features a unique internal structure design for the threaded slider, constructing it as an overrunning clutch consisting of an internal threaded ring, an external connecting ring, a wedge-shaped groove, rollers, and a third spring. This structure, built into the threaded slider, transforms it into an intelligent torque transmission and protection unit with both engagement and slippage states, achieving precise force control and overload protection. When the locking force reaches the preset optimal value, the clutch automatically slips, providing the operator with a clear and unambiguous mechanical tactile indication of engagement, standardizing the judgment of the locking result. Simultaneously, the physical disconnection of torque transmission upon slippage effectively prevents overload damage to the threaded rod, connecting rod, and limit pin caused by excessive tightening by the operator, significantly improving the reliability and service life of the core transmission components. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the forced centering device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the locking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the protective mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the locking component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the locking component structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded slider structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Base; 101. Limiting slot; 2. Mounting part; 201. Slide groove; 202. Limiting groove; 203. Slide path; 204. First piston rod; 205. Annular track; 206. Connecting pipe; 207. Second piston rod; 208. Connecting rod; 3. Instrument tray; 301. Protective rod; 302. Rubber pad; 303. Sliding hole; 304. Fourth spring; 305. Clamping block; 4. Locking mechanism; 401. Mounting base; 402. Threaded rod; 403. Threaded slider; 4031. Internal thread 4032. Outer connecting ring; 4033. Wedge groove; 4034. Roller; 4035. Side hole; 4036. Third spring; 4037. Ejector pin; 404. First connecting rod; 405. Limiting pin; 406. Limiting slider; 407. Mounting groove; 408. First spring; 409. Protruding plate; 410. Guide rod; 411. Second spring; 412. Pressure plate; 413. Eccentric wheel; 414. Pressure rod; 415. Second connecting rod; 5. Protective cover; 6. Locking element; 601. Locking ring; 602. Ball bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-11 This solution proposes an engineering measurement forced centering device, including a base 1, a mounting part 2, and an instrument tray 3; the base 1 is used to fix it to the observation pier; the mounting part 2 is detachably set above the base 1 for connecting and fixing it to the instrument; the instrument tray 3 is also detachably installed above the mounting part 2 for supporting the instrument.

[0028] The difference lies in the fact that the surface of the mounting part 2 is also equipped with a locking mechanism 4, which is used to lock and fix the base 1 and the mounting part 2 together after the mounting part 2 is installed on the base 1. This prevents the risk of slight axial movement or slight circumferential rotation that may occur in field working environments with strong winds, nearby construction vibrations, or accidental contact with the equipment, where the nested connection method of the conical fit between the base 1 and the mounting part 2 and the weight of the instrument alone could not be used.

[0029] Specifically, the locking mechanism 4 includes a mounting base 401 connected to the surface of the mounting part 2. A threaded rod 402 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 401. A threaded slider 403 is mounted on the surface of the threaded rod 402 in a matching manner. First connecting rods 404 are rotatably connected to both sides of the threaded slider 403. Limit pins 405 are rotatably connected to the other ends of the two sets of first connecting rods 404.

[0030] The surface of the mounting part 2 is provided with two sets of symmetrically distributed sliding grooves 201, and two sets of limiting pins 405 are respectively inserted into the two sets of sliding grooves 201 on both sides of the mounting part 2; at the same time, the surface of the base 1 is provided with limiting slots 101 that are compatible with the limiting pins 405, and the limiting slots 101 are also set in two sets symmetrically distributed.

[0031] After the mounting part 2 is placed on the surface of the base 1 and connected, the threaded rod 402 is rotated by manual control, which drives the threaded slider 403 to move linearly on the surface of the threaded rod 402. Then, the two sets of first connecting rods 404 pull the two sets of limit pins 405 to slide in opposite directions, thereby adjusting the distance between the two sets of limit pins 405. This allows the two sets of limit pins 405 to be inserted into the limit slots 101 on both sides of the base 1. As the limit pins 405 continue to advance, a strong radial clamping force is generated, which firmly fixes the mounting part 2 to the cylindrical section of the base 1.

[0032] Both the limiting pin 405 and the limiting slot 101 are designed as conical structures. Due to the existence of the conical surfaces of both, the radial force of the limiting pin 405 will be converted into a huge axial locking force and circumferential friction torque, so that the mounting part 2 and the base 1 are rigidly locked in both the axial and circumferential directions.

[0033] By manually rotating the threaded rod 402, the threaded slider 403 is driven to move linearly. Then, through the transmission of two sets of first connecting rods 404, the two conical limiting pins 405 are pulled radially in opposite directions, so that they are precisely inserted into the corresponding conical limiting slots 101 on both sides of the base 1. This process not only achieves precise circumferential and radial positioning through the cooperation of the pins and slots, but more importantly, by utilizing the principle of conical surface cooperation, the radial movement force of the pins is efficiently converted into a huge axial locking force and circumferential friction torque. Thus, the mounting part and the base are rigidly locked together in both axial and circumferential dimensions. This overcomes the shortcomings of traditional solutions that rely solely on friction and self-weight, and achieves the beneficial effects of vibration resistance, anti-loosening, strong connection rigidity, and actively controllable locking force. It fundamentally solves the technical problems of unreliable connection and easy micro-movement in traditional methods.

[0034] It is worth noting that the locking mechanism 4 also includes a protruding plate 409 connected to the surface of the mounting part 2, the protruding plate 409 being located above the mounting base 401; at the same time, a guide rod 410 is connected to the surface of the protruding plate 409, and a pressure plate 412 is slidably mounted on the surface of the guide rod 410 via a second spring 411. An eccentric wheel 413 is also connected to the surface of the threaded rod 402, and the pressure plate 412, under the elastic force of the second spring 411, always abuts against the surface of the eccentric wheel 413.

[0035] In the initial state, the farthest point on the surface of the eccentric wheel 413, which is farthest from the center, contacts the pressure plate 412. Therefore, under the pressure of the eccentric wheel 413, the pressure plate 412 will press upward on the second spring 411, causing the second spring 411 to be compressed.

[0036] When the control threaded rod 402 rotates and drives the limit pin 405 to lock the base 1 and the mounting part 2; when the limit pin 405 moves to its maximum stroke, the eccentric wheel 413 rotates to the point closest to the center of the circle and contacts the pressure plate 412. At this time, the pressure plate 412 is pushed downward under the elastic force of the second spring 411. The surface of the pressure plate 412 is also connected to a pressure rod 414, the other end of which is matched with the opening provided on the surface of the mounting base 401.

[0037] After the pressure plate 412 is moved downward to its maximum position, the pressure rod 414 is inserted into the opening provided on the surface of the mounting base 401 and abuts against the surface of the threaded rod 402, pressing the threaded rod 402 so that it cannot rotate.

[0038] During the initial and locking processes, when the far point of the eccentric wheel 413 pushes the pressure plate 412 upward, the threaded rod can rotate freely. When the main locking is completed, that is, at the moment when the limit pin 405 moves to its maximum stroke, the eccentric wheel 413 rotates to its near point and contacts the pressure plate 412. At this time, the pre-compressed second spring 411 releases its elastic force, pushing the pressure plate 412 and the pressure rod 414 connected to it to move downward quickly, so that the pressure rod 414 automatically inserts into the opening of the mounting base 401 and tightly abuts against the surface of the threaded rod 402, thereby forming a physical lock.

[0039] It automatically takes effect when locked in place, without manual intervention, and can proactively and reliably prevent the threaded rod from reversing due to vibration, collision or misoperation. This provides an additional, automatically triggered anti-loosening safety guarantee for the locking mechanism 4, ensuring the long-term absolute stability of the connection in the field.

[0040] It is worth mentioning that a locking member 6 is also provided between the base 1 and the mounting part 2. Before the mounting part 2 is installed on the surface of the base 1, the locking member 6 is fitted onto the surface of the mounting part 2; then the mounting part 2 is fitted onto the surface of the base 1. This is to prepare the structure and initial positioning so that when the locking mechanism 4 is working, the locking member 6 can be pushed axially by the limit slider 406, thereby realizing the linkage function of auxiliary locking and stress compensation.

[0041] This solution introduces an auxiliary locking component 6, independent of the main locking mechanism, which is mechanically linked to the inclined limiting slider 406 on the limiting pin 405. When the limiting pin 405 moves radially to perform the main locking, the limiting slider 406 slides synchronously, and its inclined surface pushes the locking ring 601 to generate axial displacement in the gap between the base 1 and the mounting part 2. The double inclined surface and ball bearing 602 structure of the locking ring 601 can passively and adaptively compensate for and absorb microscopic gaps and uneven internal stresses caused by machining tolerances, assembly errors, or temperature changes. It transforms possible hard point contact into flexible surface contact, thereby uniformly distributing the locking force, significantly reducing the stress peak at the connection point, achieving a high-rigidity connection, and completely eliminating the root cause of fretting wear, ensuring the long-term stability of alignment accuracy and the durability of the device.

[0042] The locking component 6 includes a locking ring 601 sleeved on the surface of the base 1. The locking ring 601, the base 1, and the mounting part 2 are coaxially distributed. The inner and outer ring surfaces of the locking ring 601 are both beveled and have openings that are equidistantly distributed in a circle. Each set of openings is rotatably connected to a ball bearing 602.

[0043] As the limiting pin 405 is pushed into the limiting slot 101 of the base 1, the inclined limiting slider 406 on the pin slides synchronously and pushes the locking ring 601 with inner and outer double inclined surfaces to move downward in the gap between the base and the mounting part.

[0044] The circumferential balls 602 embedded in the locking ring 601 work together with the double-sloping surface structure to generate slight floating in both the axial and radial directions. This passively and adaptively absorbs and compensates for micro-dimensional changes and stresses caused by machining errors, temperature variations, or uneven force. Through the rolling of the balls and the fine adjustment of the slopes, the potentially rigid contact between the main locking components is transformed into a flexible contact with slight adaptive properties. This significantly reduces the peak internal stress at the connection point, evenly distributes the locking force, eliminates the source of fretting wear, and ultimately achieves a more stable, more uniformly stress-distributed, and more reliable stress-free rigid alignment state.

[0045] It should be noted that a limiting groove 202 is also provided on the surface of the mounting part 2 below the slide groove 201; and a limiting slider 406 is installed on the surface of the limiting pin 405. The limiting slider 406 is inserted into the limiting groove 202, and the width of the limiting slider 406 is smaller than the width of the limiting groove 202, so that the limiting groove 202 can be used as an exhaust hole during the process of the base 1 being inserted into the mounting part 2.

[0046] Meanwhile, after the mounting part 2 is fitted onto the surface of the base 1, and the base 1 and the mounting part 2 are locked by the limiting pin 405, the limiting slider 406 will slide inward synchronously and abut against the surface of the locking ring 601 as the limiting pin 405 slides into the limiting slot 101.

[0047] The limiting slider 406 has an inclined surface on one side of the locking ring 601, which causes the limiting slider 406 to push the locking ring 601 downward between the base 1 and the mounting part 2 during continuous sliding. This achieves automatic downward driving of the auxiliary locking component with inner and outer inclined surfaces and balls while completing the main locking, so as to dynamically compensate for the connection gap and evenly distribute the stress, thereby eliminating micro loosening and internal stress concentration, and achieving a more stable, reliable and stress-free rigid alignment connection.

[0048] During the initial installation, the width difference between the limiting slider 406 and the limiting groove 202 forms an effective exhaust channel. This ensures that when the base 1 is tightly inserted into the conical hole of the mounting part 2, the air can be smoothly discharged, thereby avoiding positioning difficulties or misalignment caused by the air cushion effect and ensuring fast, accurate and tight initial alignment.

[0049] After entering the locking stage, the limit slider 406 becomes the active driving element. When the inclined structure at its inner end slides inward synchronously with the limit pin 405, it can accurately and reliably push the locking ring 601 below to move axially.

[0050] By linking the action of the locking mechanism 4 with the action of the auxiliary adaptive locking mechanism with a single button and triggering them synchronously, the operator can automatically drive the locking ring downwards without any additional steps while turning the threaded rod to complete the main locking. This compensates for the gap and equalizes the stress, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the connection, greatly simplifying the operation process, avoiding omissions in the operation steps, and achieving a high-efficiency and high-reliability multi-locking effect.

[0051] The surface of the limiting pin 405 is provided with a mounting groove 407, and the limiting slider 406 is slidably mounted in the mounting groove 407 by means of a first spring 408. By mounting the limiting slider 406 in the mounting groove 407 of the limiting pin 405 in a slidable manner and supporting it with the first spring 408, the slider is no longer a rigid whole during movement.

[0052] When the inclined surface of the limit slider 406 abuts against and pushes the locking ring 601 downward, if the downward movement of the locking ring encounters resistance, such as due to excessive tightness or jamming caused by foreign objects, the first spring 408 can be compressed to absorb the overload driving force. This provides a flexible buffer for the rigid drive between the main and auxiliary locking mechanisms, ensuring effective pushing of the locking ring under normal conditions while preventing damage to the drive mechanism or jamming of the locking ring due to hard pushing under abnormal conditions. This improves the reliability and fault tolerance of the entire locking system, enabling it to adapt to more complex field conditions and protect critical mechanical components.

[0053] A protective cover 5 is also connected to the outer surface of the mounting part 2, covering the outside of the locking mechanism 4. This effectively prevents environmental pollutants such as rainwater, sand, frost, and salt spray from directly corroding and accumulating in the moving parts and gaps of the locking mechanism, thus avoiding malfunctions, increased operating force, shortened lifespan, or decreased accuracy caused by rust, jamming, freezing, or wear from pollutants. This significantly improves the environmental tolerance, long-term reliability, and ease of maintenance of the entire forced centering device, ensuring stable and long-term precise locking performance in complex and harsh field engineering environments.

[0054] It should be noted that an overrunning clutch is provided between the internal threaded ring 4031 and the outer connecting ring 4032, the specific structure of which is as follows: The threaded slider 403 consists of an internally threaded ring 4031 and an external connecting ring 4032 coaxially distributed. The internally threaded ring 4031 is sleeved on the surface of the threaded rod 402 and engaged; the external connecting ring 4032 is sleeved on the outside of the internally threaded ring 4031 and connected to the first connecting rod 404. Multiple sets of wedge-shaped grooves 4033, evenly spaced circumferentially distributed, are provided on the surface of the external connecting ring 4032. Rollers 4034 are placed within the wedge-shaped grooves 4033. Side holes 4035 are formed on the side walls of the wedge-shaped grooves 4033. A ejector pin 4037 is slidably mounted within the side hole 4035 via a third spring 4036. Under the elastic force of the third spring 4036, the ejector pin 4037 always abuts against the surface of the roller 4034.

[0055] When the operator begins to rotate the threaded rod 402 to lock, the threaded slider 403 begins to move. The internal threaded ring 4031 tends to rotate relative to the outer connecting ring 4032. Due to the preload of the third spring 4036, the roller 4034 is pushed towards the narrow end of the wedge groove 4033. Under the relative rotational tendency, the roller 4034 is wedged between the internal threaded ring 4031 and the outer connecting ring 4032, forming a rigid connection. At this time, torque is smoothly transmitted from the threaded slider 403 to the connecting rod, driving the limit pin 405 to wedge.

[0056] When the limiting pin 405 is fully wedged into the limiting slot 101 of the base 1, and the connection resistance reaches or exceeds the preset value, the outer connecting ring 4032 is almost stationary due to the huge resistance. At this time, if the operator continues to rotate the threaded rod 402, the inner threaded ring 4031 attempts to rotate while the outer connecting ring 4032 is stuck, resulting in a significant difference in rotational speed between the two.

[0057] The force acting on the roller 4034 overcomes the force of the third spring 4036, pushing it back from the narrow end of the wedge groove 4033 to the wide end. Once in the wide end, the roller 4034 is no longer wedged and can roll freely between the internal threaded ring 4031 and the outer connecting ring 4032. This causes the threaded slider 403 to slip. The assembly consisting of the internal threaded ring 4031, the outer connecting ring 4032, the wedge groove 4033, the roller 4034, the third spring, and the 4036 ejector pin constitutes a roller-type overrunning clutch. Its slipping state provides overload protection and positioning feedback.

[0058] The internal threaded ring 4031 can rotate freely, while the outer connecting ring 4032 remains stationary. At this time, the operator will feel a distinct sense of force slipping away, which is the purely mechanical tactile feedback of locking into place. Simultaneously, torque transmission is cut off, protecting the threaded rod 402, the first connecting rod 404, and the limit pin 405 from overload damage.

[0059] By providing clear and unambiguous mechanical tactile indication, the clutch automatically slips when the locking force reaches the preset optimal value. The operator can clearly perceive the sudden change in feel, standardizing the result judgment. Secondly, it achieves precise force control and protection. The slippage point corresponds to a constant maximum safe locking force, ensuring consistent connection force each time, and physically cutting off torque transmission in case of overload, effectively preventing damage to core components.

[0060] Of particular note is that the surface of the mounting part 2 is also provided with several sets of equidistant circularly distributed slide rails 203, which are vertically distributed, and the first piston rod 204 is slidably installed inside them. The interior of the mounting part 2 is also provided with an annular track 205 connecting all the slide rails 203, and the surface of the mounting part 2 is provided with a connecting pipe 206 connecting the annular track 205, and the second piston rod 207 is slidably installed inside the connecting pipe 206. Hydraulic medium is filled between the slide rails 203, the annular track 205 and the connecting pipe 206. The surface of the threaded slider 403 is also rotatably connected to a second connecting rod 415, and the other end of the second connecting rod 415 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the second piston rod 207.

[0061] When the base 1 and the mounting part 2 are locked by the locking mechanism 4, the threaded slider 403 will pull the second piston rod 207 to slide synchronously through the second connecting rod 415 during the movement process, and then control the first piston rod 204 to move up and down in the slide rail 203 through the hydraulic medium in the pipeline.

[0062] Several sets of protective mechanisms are rotatably connected to the surface of the instrument tray 3. The number of protective mechanisms is equal to the number of the first piston rods 204 on the mounting part 2, and they correspond one-to-one. Each protective mechanism includes a protective rod 301 rotatably connected to the instrument tray 3. The protective rod 301 is L-shaped, with one inner end rotatably connected to the first piston rod 204 and the other outer end connected to a rubber pad 302. When the first piston rod 204 moves up and down within the slide rail 203, it controls the rotation of the protective rod 301 on the instrument tray 3, thereby pressing the rubber pad 302 against the instrument surface and securing the instrument.

[0063] The movement of the threaded slider 403 pulls the second piston rod 207 via the second connecting rod 415, driving the flow of the medium in the sealed hydraulic pipeline, thereby controlling the synchronous lifting and lowering of multiple sets of first piston rods 204, and ultimately driving the synchronous rotation of multiple sets of protective rods 301 on the instrument tray 3, realizing the automatic clamping or release of the instrument. When the main locking is completed, the protective mechanism automatically and synchronously wraps around the measuring instrument base, forming an effective anti-tipping protection, solving the safety hazards after the instrument is placed or in strong wind environments. The entire protection process is automatically triggered by the main locking action, without the need for additional operation steps, greatly improving the operational safety, convenience and overall intelligence level of the device.

[0064] Specifically: When the threaded slider 403 slides outward on the threaded rod 402, it controls the two sets of limit pins 405 to lock the base 1 and the mounting part 2. At the same time, the threaded slider 403 pulls the second piston rod 207 outward in the connecting pipe 206 through the second connecting rod 415. Then, under the action of the hydraulic medium, it controls the first piston rod 204 to descend in the slide rail 203 and pulls the protective rod 301 to rotate counterclockwise. This causes multiple sets of rubber pads 302 to rotate and extend towards the center synchronously and smoothly, gently fitting against the side of the instrument base to form a ring-shaped limit. When unlocking, the reverse movement retracts the rod, completely without hindering the loading and unloading of the instrument. The automatically pop-out anti-tipping protective rod 301 effectively prevents the instrument from slipping off the tray and tipping over when placed or due to strong winds or accidental collisions, providing crucial physical protection.

[0065] Of particular importance is that the upper end of the first piston rod 204 is connected to a connecting rod 208, and the protective rod 301 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 208. The protective rod 301 has a sliding hole 303 on the side facing the connecting rod 208. A clamping block 305 is slidably installed in the sliding hole 303 through a fourth spring 304. Under the elastic force of the fourth spring 304, the clamping block 305 always slides towards the protective rod 301, thereby forming a three-quarter ring between the protective rod 301 and the clamping block 305.

[0066] During installation, by pulling the clamping block 305 outward, the connecting rod 208 can be placed in the three-quarter ring formed between the protective rod 301 and the clamping block 305. The clamping block 305 is then reset under the elastic force of the fourth spring 304, thereby tightening the connecting rod 208 and forming a rotatable connection between the connecting rod 208 and the protective rod 301.

[0067] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forced centering device for engineering measurement, comprising a base (1) and a mounting part (2) for connecting to a measuring instrument, said mounting part (2) being detachably disposed on the base (1), characterized in that, The mounting part (2) is provided with a main locking mechanism (4); The main locking mechanism (4) includes a drive mechanism, a first transmission assembly, and a main locking assembly; The drive mechanism includes a mounting base (401) fixed to the mounting part (2) and a threaded rod (402) rotatably connected to the mounting base (401), and a threaded slider (403) adapted on the threaded rod (402). The first transmission component is connected between the threaded slider (403) and the main locking component; The main locking assembly includes at least two slidably disposed on the mounting part (2) and the base (1) is provided with a limiting slot (101) adapted to the limiting pins (405). When the mounting part (2) is sleeved on the base (1), the threaded slider (403) is driven to move by rotating the threaded rod (402). The first transmission component converts the linear motion of the threaded slider (403) into the radial extension motion of at least two limiting pins (405), so that the limiting pins (405) are inserted into the limiting slot (101) to lock the mounting part (2) on the base (1).

2. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded slider (403) includes an inner threaded ring (4031) and an outer connecting ring (4032) coaxially sleeved. The inner threaded ring (4031) meshes with the threaded rod (402), and the outer connecting ring (4032) is connected to the first transmission assembly. An overrunning clutch is provided between the inner threaded ring (4031) and the outer connecting ring (4032). When the torque between the inner threaded ring (4031) and the outer connecting ring (4032) exceeds a preset value, the overrunning clutch enters a slipping state.

3. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main locking mechanism (4) further includes an anti-reverse component, which includes an eccentric wheel (413) fixed to the threaded rod (402) and an elastic pressing unit slidably disposed on the mounting part (2) and abutting against the contour of the eccentric wheel (413). When the limiting pin (405) is inserted into the limiting slot (101) to the preset position, the rotation of the eccentric wheel (413) causes the elastic clamping unit to be displaced and clamps the threaded rod (402).

4. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an auxiliary locking component (6), which includes a locking ring (601) sleeved between the base (1) and the mounting part (2). The inner and outer ring surfaces of the locking ring (601) are both inclined, and the ring surface is provided with an opening for accommodating a ball (602). The main locking assembly also includes a limiting slider (406) slidably disposed on the limiting pin (405), which pushes the locking ring (601) to move axially when the limiting pin (405) moves radially.

5. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting slider (406) is elastically connected to the mounting groove (407) opened on the surface of the limiting pin (405) by the first spring (408).

6. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting part (2) is provided with a limiting groove (202) for the sliding of the limiting slider (406), and the width of the limiting slider (406) is smaller than the width of the limiting groove (202) so as to form an exhaust channel when the mounting part (2) is fitted onto the base (1).

7. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hydraulic linkage protection mechanism; The hydraulic linkage protection mechanism includes a hydraulic pipeline located in the mounting part (2), a first piston rod (204) and a second piston rod (207) slidably located in the hydraulic pipeline, and a second connecting rod (415) connecting the threaded slider (403) and the second piston rod (207). An instrument tray (3) is provided above the mounting part (2), and a protective rod (301) connected to the first piston rod (204) is rotatably connected to the instrument tray (3). When the threaded slider (403) moves, the second piston rod (207) is driven by the second connecting rod (415), and the first piston rod (204) is controlled to rise and fall through the medium transmission in the hydraulic pipeline, thereby driving the protective rod (301) to rotate.

8. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first transmission assembly includes at least two sets of connecting rods (404), one end of which is rotatably connected to the threaded slider (403), and the other end is rotatably connected to the corresponding limiting pin (405).

9. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting part (2) is provided with a sliding groove (201) that slides in conjunction with the limiting pin (405).

10. The forced centering device for engineering measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting part (2) is provided with a protective cover (5) covering the main locking mechanism (4).

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