An underground irrigation and drainage water storage system and method for farmland

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated underground irrigation and drainage system for farmland, belonging to the field of farmland water conservancy and irrigation technology. Addressing the problems of severe water and fertilizer loss from surface irrigation, reduced yields due to flooding during the rainy season, crop failure due to drought during the dry season, high costs of manual management, and weak disaster resistance in farmland, this invention employs an underground layered layout structure, equipped with specific-specification permeable cement pipes, spaced pipe arrangements, impermeable plastic membranes, and water level monitoring instruments. It achieves fully automated, non-powered water and soil regulation based on gravity. During rainy days, the underground pipe network rapidly drains and stores natural rainwater; during dry days, it utilizes the stored water for automatic root irrigation through infiltration. The entire process does not damage the surface layer of the farmland and does not interfere with agricultural machinery operations. This invention is simple to construct, reusable over a long period, and has significant water-saving and fertilizer-retaining effects. It is suitable for various farmland and crop planting scenarios, effectively improving farmland disaster resistance and crop yield per acre, and possesses extremely high value for widespread application and promotion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural practical technology of farmland irrigation, dryland moisture retention, flood drainage, and stable grain production and income increase. Specifically, it relates to an integrated agricultural planting layout technology of underground subsurface irrigation and drainage for water storage and flood prevention in farmland. It is applicable to various crop planting fields such as plains, slopes, dry land, and paddy fields, and can be widely used in conventional farmland, family farms, planting cooperatives, high-standard farmland transformation, agricultural demonstration fields, and mountain and slope improvement planting scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional farmland cultivation generally employs surface irrigation, which not only consumes a huge amount of water and wastes water resources severely, but also easily leads to significant loss of soil moisture and nutrients, reducing soil fertility. Furthermore, traditional farmland lacks a systematic underground drainage and water storage structure, resulting in the inability to quickly drain waterlogged fields during the rainy season, easily causing root rot, lodging, and substantial yield reduction in crops. During droughts, insufficient soil moisture leads to crop wilting and, in severe cases, total crop failure. Traditional planting methods are highly dependent on weather conditions, leaving farmers reliant on the weather for their crops. Farmland has extremely poor disaster resistance and prevention capabilities, and requires substantial manual labor for irrigation, drainage, and maintenance, resulting in high planting costs and unstable returns, severely hindering stable grain production and income growth, as well as the development of large-scale agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing farmland irrigation and drainage technologies, such as water waste, frequent droughts and floods, high manual management costs, and poor farmland yield stability. It provides a farmland underground subsurface irrigation, drainage, water storage and flood prevention layout structure, which realizes the functions of automatic drainage, water storage and moisture retention subsurface irrigation without power in farmland through underground integrated structured layout. This invention differs from traditional surface irrigation and manual drainage methods. It employs a combined design of underground trench pipe network, seepage-proof water storage structure, and water level monitoring components. Utilizing the natural terrain difference and gravity of the farmland, it achieves fully automated water and soil regulation without the need for electricity or frequent manual intervention. The entire structure can quickly drain rainwater accumulated in the fields during the rainy season, preventing waterlogging and root rot. Simultaneously, it collects and stores natural rainwater, continuously replenishing crop roots with moisture through soil infiltration during dry periods, effectively conserving irrigation water resources and reducing soil water and fertilizer loss. The invention has a stable overall structure, is easy to construct, and has wide adaptability. It does not damage the surface structure of cultivated land, does not affect mechanized agricultural operations, and can be adapted to different terrains and different types of crops, effectively improving the disaster resistance and planting stability of farmland. This invention has significant technical advantages: it operates fully automatically without power, consumes zero electricity, has low maintenance costs, and can be reused for many years after a single installation; it significantly saves irrigation water for farmland, effectively reduces fertilizer loss, and improves water and fertilizer utilization; it completely solves the core disaster problems of spring drought and summer flooding in farmland, significantly improves rainwater utilization, and greatly enhances field drainage efficiency; long-term application can improve farmland soil quality, enhance soil fertility, steadily increase crop yield per acre, and reduce agricultural planting risks. Attached Figure Description

[0004] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the underground irrigation and drainage water storage system and method for farmland according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0005] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. The underground irrigation and drainage water storage and flood control layout structure of the present invention is installed in the shallow cultivated land of farmland. It mainly includes a trench base, seepage prevention components, permeable diversion pipe components, water storage pool and water level monitoring instruments, and is suitable for conventional field crop planting scenarios. The specific implementation steps are as follows: The first step is field pretreatment and trench excavation. The farmland to be transformed undergoes deep plowing and leveling to ensure smooth gravity drainage of water and soil. Trenches are then excavated along the direction of the farmland, with a uniform excavation depth of 50cm. The depth of the trench ends is consistent with the depth of the inlet and outlet to ensure a horizontal and orderly overall pipeline and unobstructed drainage. The second step is to lay the impermeable filtration structure. An impermeable plastic membrane is laid throughout the excavated trench, with a width of 344.82 cm. This membrane is extended to a 50 cm high slope, creating a closed, impermeable water storage cavity within the trench to prevent rainwater infiltration and loss, ensuring effective water retention. A filter layer is then laid on the surface of the impermeable plastic membrane to prevent soil and impurities from entering the pipes and causing blockages. The third step is to install permeable drainage pipes. Permeable cement pipes are laid inside the seepage-proof structure as the main pipelines for underground irrigation and drainage. The diameter of a single permeable cement pipe is set at 30cm, and the center-to-center distance between adjacent pipes is fixed at 450cm. Main drainage pipes and branch pipes are laid out according to the area of ​​the farmland plots, and the pipes are interconnected to form an overall underground pipe network. The end of the network connects to pre-designed water storage ponds in the fields. The specifications of the water storage ponds are matched according to the actual area of ​​the farmland and the average annual rainfall to meet the water storage and drainage needs. The fourth step is to assemble the water level monitoring components. Water level observation instruments are fixedly installed at the inlet and outlet ends of the trench to monitor the water level data inside the underground pipe network in real time, forming a standardized water level control standard: during the dry season, the groundwater level is maintained above 45cm to ensure continuous soil infiltration and replenishment of water to meet the water needs of crop growth; during the rainy season, the groundwater level is controlled below 45cm to quickly drain waterlogged fields and avoid waterlogging. The fifth step is soil covering and restoration of farmland. After the pipeline network, seepage prevention structure, and monitoring instruments are all installed and debugged, the trenches are covered with soil in layers and compacted. A 100cm thick layer of arable soil is left on the surface, and the thickness of the soil layer can be slightly adjusted according to the local crop planting needs. After the soil covering is completed, the original appearance of the farmland is completely restored, the field surface is flat, and sowing, tilling, and agricultural machinery operations can be carried out directly. In actual operation, this embodiment relies entirely on gravity for operation: during rainfall, excess water in the fields seeps into the underground pipe network and is quickly collected in reservoirs, rapidly eliminating waterlogging and preventing crop damage; during drought, natural rainwater stored in the reservoirs and underground pipe network seeps upwards through pipes and soil gaps, continuously nourishing crop roots and achieving automatic subsurface irrigation to conserve moisture. The entire structure is installed once and can be reused for a long time without frequent manual control, effectively reducing the cost of farmland planting and maintenance. Practical application has verified that after adopting this technology, the drainage speed of field waterlogging is increased by more than 80%, which can completely eliminate crop yield reduction caused by waterlogging; the utilization rate of natural rainwater is increased by 70%, eliminating the need for frequent pumping and irrigation during drought periods, thus significantly saving irrigation costs; the soil moisture retention time is significantly extended, crops grow uniformly and vigorously, and the yield per acre of farmland is steadily increased. At the same time, it can improve the soil in a long-term manner and enhance the overall quality of cultivated land. It is suitable for various large-scale and routine agricultural planting scenarios and is easy to promote and popularize on a large scale.

Claims

1. A farmland underground irrigation and drainage integrated water storage and flood / drought prevention agricultural planting layout structure, characterized in that, The system comprises a layered pipe network assembly, a permeable water storage layer, a filtration and seepage prevention assembly, a diversion and drainage assembly, and a water level monitoring assembly, all installed within the shallow soil layer of farmland. The layered pipe network assembly includes zoned, subsurfaced irrigation branch pipes and subsurfaced drainage main pipes. Both the irrigation branch pipes and the drainage main pipes are 30cm diameter permeable cement pipes, with a fixed spacing of 450cm between adjacent pipes. The filtration and seepage prevention assembly includes a 344.82cm wide impermeable plastic membrane extending to a 50m high slope. The entire pipe network structure is installed within a 50cm deep trench, with the trench end at the same depth as the inlet and outlet. Water level observation instruments are installed at the inlet and outlet of the trench. The layered pipe network components, permeable water storage layer, and water filtration and seepage prevention components work together to form an integrated underground layout structure. A 100cm thick arable soil layer is reserved on the surface, and the thickness can be adjusted as needed. The whole system relies on the terrain of the farmland and the gravity of the soil and water to achieve automatic operation without power. After the layout is completed, the surface soil is restored without damaging the surface structure of the farmland or affecting the operation of agricultural machinery. Under rainfall conditions, excess water in the field is quickly discharged into the water storage pond through the underground channel to achieve field drainage and flood prevention. Under drought conditions, the natural rainwater stored in the permeable water storage layer infiltrates upward to achieve automatic underground irrigation of crop roots.

2. The integrated agricultural planting layout structure for underground irrigation, drainage, water storage, flood control, and drought prevention in farmland as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The water level observation instrument is used to monitor the groundwater level in real time. The control standard is to keep the groundwater level above 45cm in dry weather and below 45cm in flood weather, which is precisely adapted to the drought and flood control needs of farmland.

3. The integrated agricultural planting layout structure for underground irrigation, drainage, water storage, flood control, and drought prevention in farmland as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The reservoirs are matched with corresponding specifications based on the farmland area and daily water volume to meet the water storage and drainage needs of different plots of land.

4. The integrated agricultural planting layout structure for underground irrigation, drainage, water storage, flood control, and drought prevention in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction process of the layout structure includes: deep plowing and leveling the farmland, excavating shallow underground trenches to a depth of 50cm along the direction of the plot; laying a water-filtering and seepage-proof plastic membrane inside the trenches, installing permeable water storage and diversion pipes, and fixing the pipe spacing and layout depth; arranging underground irrigation water supply branch pipes and underground drainage main pipes in zones, connecting the pipelines to the drainage and water storage areas outside the farmland, and matching and installing water storage ponds and water level observation instruments; after completing the layout of all components and pipelines, covering the trenches with soil to restore them, leaving a layer of arable soil on the surface, restoring the original appearance of the farmland, and allowing direct agricultural operations.

5. A method for two-way water and soil allocation in farmland using gravity-based methods for both drought and flood control, characterized in that: Applied to the integrated agricultural planting layout structure described in any one of claims 1-4, it relies on the terrain difference and gravity of water and soil to complete fully automatic water and soil regulation, without the need for electric drive or normalized manual management; during rainy days, it quickly drains waterlogged fields through underground drainage channels to avoid problems such as waterlogging, crop root rot and lodging, while storing excess rainwater in underground permeable water storage layers and reservoirs; during dry days, it relies on the soil's permeability to allow underground stored rainwater to continuously seep upwards to nourish crop roots, and with the help of water level monitoring instruments to control the groundwater level, it achieves automatic underground irrigation without power, completing two-way regulation of farmland in both drought and flood conditions.

6. The method for non-powered gravity-based two-way water and soil allocation in farmland, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... This method is adaptable to various land types, including plains, slopes, dry land, and paddy fields, and is suitable for planting various crops such as corn, wheat, rice, fruits, and vegetables, enabling a comprehensive planting model that prevents drought and flooding, conserves soil moisture, and ensures stable yields.

7. The integrated agricultural planting layout structure for underground irrigation, drainage, water storage, flood control, and drought prevention in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned layout structure can be repeatedly used after a single installation. Through the integrated operation of underground water storage, subsurface irrigation, and subsurface drainage, the drainage speed of field water accumulation is increased by more than 80%, the utilization rate of natural rainwater is increased by 70%, effectively reducing the loss of farmland water and fertilizer, improving soil quality and fertility in the long term, and stabilizing crop yield per acre.

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