A bearing surface defect detection method based on a sparse perception multi-scale collaborative segmentation network

By constructing a sparse sensing multi-scale collaborative segmentation network (S3-Unet), the problems of missing small targets, interference from complex backgrounds, and overfitting with small samples in bearing surface defect detection are solved, achieving high-precision and high-efficiency defect detection.

CN122415467APending Publication Date: 2026-07-17NANJING UNIV OF SCI & TECH +1
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202610465447.9
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-04-10
Publication Date
2026-07-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing technologies for detecting defects on bearing surfaces suffer from problems such as missed detection of tiny targets, interference from complex backgrounds, and overfitting to small samples, making it difficult to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency defect detection.

Method used

We construct a sparse-aware multi-scale collaborative segmentation network (S3-Unet), which enhances multi-scale feature extraction capabilities, suppresses background noise, corrects feature misalignment, and improves detection accuracy and robustness by introducing a deformable sparse context aggregation module (DSCA), semantic gated skip connections (SGSC), and bidirectional feature refinement upsampling unit (BFRU).

Benefits of technology

On the self-built bearing end face and outer diameter dataset, the average intersection-to-union ratio (MIoU) reached 84.13% and 86.84%, respectively, and the average accuracy exceeded 90%, which significantly improved the detection accuracy and anti-interference ability, and was superior to the mainstream model.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于稀疏感知多尺度协同分割网络的轴承表面缺陷检测方法,该方法构建了稀疏感知多尺度协同分割网络,在编码器部分引入可变形稀疏上下文聚合模块,通过稀疏显著性门控与可变形卷积自适应感知不规则缺陷的几何形变,增强多尺度特征提取能力;在跳跃连接部分引入语义门控跳跃连接,利用深层语义信息动态抑制金属反光等背景噪声的响应,阻断干扰信息向解码器的传播;在解码器部分引入双向特征精炼上采样单元,耦合轴向注意力与内容感知重组机制,精准校正上采样过程中的特征不对齐,修复微小裂纹的拓扑结构。本发明在小样本与强干扰条件下展现出优越的泛化能力与鲁棒性,可实现轴承表面缺陷的高精度分割检测。
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