Water hammer effect prevention device for water delivery pipeline and intelligent control method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of water pipeline regulation and provides a device for preventing water hammer effect in water pipeline and an intelligent regulation method. The water pipeline is connected to a water tank through a connecting pipeline. When water hammer effect occurs in the water pipeline, the internal water pressure increases, the water in the pipeline flows into the water tank, and the water hammer effect in the water pipeline is reduced or eliminated. At the same time, the piston in the water tank rises under the action of water pressure, compresses the air in the tank, and drives the water pressure sensor to enter the water pipeline through the lever action and measure the water pressure in the pipeline. The water pressure sensor and the air pressure sensor measure the water pressure and air pressure in the pipeline, and the intelligent data communication equipment transmits the collected data back to the pressure regulating tower, which further adjusts the water pressure or air pressure in the water pipeline. The regulation system in the pressure regulating tower uses machine learning algorithms to establish a water hammer pressure prediction model based on historical and real-time data, and realizes the advanced prediction and early warning of pipeline pressure fluctuations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water pipeline regulation, specifically relating to a device and intelligent regulation method for preventing water hammer in water pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for water resources in modern society, long-distance water transmission pipelines have become crucial in various water conservancy projects. Especially in special environments such as high mountains, underground locations, or complex terrains, arched water transmission pipelines have become the preferred design solution for long-distance water transmission systems due to their excellent structural stability and pressure resistance. They can effectively cope with harsh geological conditions and ensure stable water delivery. However, long-distance arched water transmission pipelines face many challenges in actual operation. Taking the Gilongo water intake pumping station project in Angola as an example, its long-distance, high-lift water supply pipeline operates in complex terrain, and one of its core problems is water hammer risk. When the system operates under high-speed water flow and high pressure, a sudden change in water flow due to pump shutdown or rapid valve closure can cause severe pressure fluctuations due to inertia. This water hammer phenomenon can lead to serious problems such as pipeline rupture and water leakage, and even endanger the safety of surrounding infrastructure. Therefore, how to effectively control the water hammer effect within the pipeline has become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the design and operation of long-distance water transmission pipelines. Currently, some research has been conducted on methods for preventing and controlling water hammer effects. Common technical means include installing water hammer absorbers, optimizing valve control, adjusting pipe materials, and thickening pipe walls. These measures can reduce water hammer pressure peaks to a certain extent and play a positive role in ensuring the safe operation of water transmission systems. However, these traditional water hammer prevention methods often have certain limitations. Existing water hammer prevention equipment is generally complex in structure and large in size, resulting in high construction and installation costs. It also has strict requirements for foundation conditions and spatial layout, often significantly increasing project investment and making it less economical for long-distance pipelines. At the same time, existing water hammer prevention systems mostly rely on preset parameters or manual experience for adjustment, with limited overall intelligence. When operating conditions change, manual intervention is often required to open or close valves or adjust equipment, resulting in not only delayed response but also requiring a large amount of manpower for inspection and maintenance during long-term operation, leading to high operation and management costs. Furthermore, sensors used to monitor water and air pressure within pipelines typically need to be installed inside the pipeline for extended periods. Under high pressure, high flow velocity, and complex hydraulic conditions, these sensors are susceptible to performance degradation or even failure due to factors such as water quality, erosion, and water hammer impact. Once a malfunction occurs, it often requires shutting down the water pipeline or draining water to complete replacement and repair, making the maintenance process complex and severely impacting the continuity and operational safety of the water transmission system. Therefore, existing water hammer prevention technologies still fall short of meeting the actual operational needs of long-distance water transmission pipelines in terms of economy, intelligent control capabilities, and the reliability and maintainability of the monitoring system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a device and intelligent control method for preventing water hammer in water pipelines, thereby solving the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines includes: a water pipeline, a water pressure sensor, a telescopic lever, a connecting pipe, a water tank, a piston, and a pressure regulating tower; The piston is installed inside the water tank, which divides the interior of the water tank into an airtight chamber and a water storage chamber. The airtight chamber is located above the piston, and the water storage chamber is located below the piston. A pressure sensor is installed inside the airtight chamber. The water supply pipe is connected to the water storage chamber of the water tank through the connecting pipe; the top of the piston is connected to one end of the retractable lever, and the other end of the retractable lever is connected to the water pressure sensor; the water pressure sensor is movable. When water hammer occurs in the water supply pipeline, water flows from the water supply pipeline through the connecting pipe into the water storage chamber. As the piston rises, the water pressure sensor descends via the retractable lever to detect the water pressure in the water supply pipeline. The water pressure sensor and the air pressure sensor record the changes in water pressure and air pressure, respectively. If the water pressure and air pressure reach the threshold, the pressure regulating tower outputs water flow to the water supply pipeline, and the exhaust valve of the airtight chamber opens.

[0004] Furthermore, a pneumatic movable rod is fixedly connected to the top of the piston, the top of the pneumatic movable rod extends out of the water tank and is movably connected to the retractable lever; the top of the lever support rod is movably connected to the middle of the retractable lever, and the bottom of the lever support rod is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe.

[0005] Furthermore, an air-tight pipe is provided on the top of the water tank, and the pneumatic moving rod passes through the air-tight pipe.

[0006] Furthermore, a fixed waterproof support is fixedly installed at the top of the water supply pipe, and a sliding perforated lower support is slidably installed on the waterproof support, with a sliding perforated upper support fixedly connected to the top of the sliding perforated lower support. The upper sliding perforated support is provided with an upper channel, the lower sliding perforated support is provided with a middle channel, and the fixed waterproof support is provided with a lower channel; the lower channel is connected to the water supply pipe; the upper channel is connected to the middle channel; the water pressure sensor is located in the upper channel; An annular airbag is provided in the middle channel, and a compressible airbag is provided on the fixed waterproof support; the annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag. When the water pressure sensor descends, it squeezes and passes through the annular air bladder, causing the gas inside the annular air bladder to enter the compressible air bladder. When the compressible air bladder is inflated, it pushes the sliding plate to move the sliding perforated lower support, thereby aligning the middle channel with the lower channel, so that the water pressure sensor descends through the lower channel and enters the water supply pipe to detect water pressure.

[0007] Furthermore, the annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag through a venting tube. The compressible airbag is disposed inside a limiting sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the fixed waterproof support. One end of the limiting sleeve is closed, and the other end is slidably provided with a sliding plate. The compressible airbag abuts against the sliding plate. The sliding plate is fixedly connected to the sliding perforated lower support.

[0008] Furthermore, a reset spring is provided inside the compressible airbag. When the water pressure sensor rises and resets, the reset spring pushes the compressible airbag to restore its deformation, allowing gas to flow into the annular airbag, thereby restoring the annular airbag to its original shape.

[0009] A smart control method for preventing water hammer in water pipelines includes the following steps: Step 1: Input compressed air into the airtight chamber to balance the air pressure in the water pipeline when no water hammer occurs, and calibrate the reading of the air pressure sensor based on this air pressure value. Step 2: When water hammer occurs, water flows into the water tank, reducing the water pressure in the water pipeline. The water pressure sensor and air pressure sensor record the changes in water pressure and air pressure respectively, and transmit the collected data to the pressure regulating tower through the intelligent data communication device. Step 3: The pressure regulating tower determines whether the water pressure and air pressure in the pipeline have reached the threshold. If they have, an alarm is triggered, and the internal water storage tank and the airtight chamber exhaust valve are opened to adjust the water pressure and air pressure in the water supply pipe. Step 4: The system uses historical and real-time pressure data to continuously train the water hammer prediction model through machine learning algorithms, and identifies abnormal pressure trends in the water pipeline in advance. Step 5: Based on the prediction results, proactively adjust the pressure regulating tower before water hammer actually occurs to achieve proactive pressure control; Step Six: After each event, compare the predictions with the actual data and automatically update the machine learning model; Step 7: After the water hammer phenomenon disappears, the pressure regulating tower will refill the water in the storage tank into the water supply pipeline and close the air vent valve.

[0010] This invention offers the following advantages: Firstly, by buffering the pressure peak caused by the water flow entering the tank during a water hammer event, it can quickly reduce the impact of the water hammer. The overall structure is simple, significantly reducing construction and installation costs compared to traditional large-scale water hammer prevention equipment. It is more suitable for batch deployment in long-distance water pipelines, offering better economic efficiency. Secondly, by combining machine learning algorithms, it achieves proactive prediction and control of water hammer, enabling pressure adjustment without manual intervention. This results in faster response times, significantly reducing the cost of manual inspection and maintenance, and enhancing its intelligence. Thirdly, through a lever-linked, airbag-driven retractable sensor structure, the water pressure sensor is only inserted into the pipeline when detection is needed. In non-detection states, the sensor remains in a channel outside the pipeline, preventing performance degradation and failure due to long-term water flow erosion and water quality corrosion. Fourthly, when the sensor needs maintenance or replacement, the operation can be completed without stopping the pipeline, significantly improving the reliability and maintainability of the monitoring system and ensuring the continuity of water supply operations. Finally, through dual monitoring of water and air pressure combined with active adjustment by a pressure regulating tower, it can more accurately and stably control pressure fluctuations within the pipeline, making the water hammer prevention effect more reliable and better meeting the actual operational needs of long-distance water pipelines. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the water tank; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixed waterproof support, the upper sliding perforated support, and the lower sliding perforated support of the present invention. Figure 4 For flowcharts; In the diagram: 1-Water supply pipeline; 2-Fixed waterproof support; 3-Sliding perforated upper support; 4-Sliding perforated lower support; 5-Water pressure sensor; 6-Intelligent data communication equipment; 7-Extendable lever; 8-Lever support rod; 9-Connecting pipe; 10-Water tank; 11-Air pressure sensor; 12-Piston; 13-Air pressure movable rod; 14-Airtight chamber; 15-Water storage chamber; 16-Air barrier pipe; 17-Upper channel; 18-Left airbag; 19-Right airbag; 20-Middle channel; 21-Horizontal airbag; 22-Ventilation pipe; 23-Limiting sleeve; 24-Sliding plate; 25-Compressible airbag; 26-Lower channel; 27-Pressure regulating tower. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The following will be described in conjunction with embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-4 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0013] like Figures 1-3 A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines includes: a water pipeline 1, a water pressure sensor 5, a telescopic lever 7, a connecting pipe 9, a water tank 10, a piston 12, and a pressure regulating tower 27. The piston 12 is installed inside the water tank 10, which divides the interior of the water tank 10 into an airtight chamber 14 and a water storage chamber 15. The airtight chamber 14 is located above the piston 12, and the water storage chamber 15 is located below the piston 12. A pressure sensor 11 is installed inside the airtight chamber 14. The water supply pipe 1 is connected to the water storage chamber 15 of the water tank 10 through the connecting pipe 9; the top of the piston 12 is connected to one end of the retractable lever 7, and the other end of the retractable lever 7 is connected to the water pressure sensor 5; the water pressure sensor 5 is movable. When water hammer occurs in the water supply pipeline 1, water flows from the water supply pipeline 1 through the connecting pipe 9 into the water storage chamber 15. As the piston 12 rises, the water pressure sensor 5 is lowered through the retractable lever 7 to detect the water pressure in the water supply pipeline 1. The water pressure sensor 5 and the air pressure sensor 11 record the changes in water pressure and air pressure, respectively. If the water pressure and air pressure reach the threshold, the pressure regulating tower 27 outputs water to the water supply pipeline 1, and the exhaust valve of the airtight chamber 14 is opened.

[0014] Water pressure sensor 5 and air pressure sensor 11 are existing technologies, both connected to intelligent data communication device 6. The air pressure inside the airtight chamber 14 is measured by air pressure sensor 11, and the relevant air pressure data is transmitted to pressure regulating tower 27 by intelligent data communication device 6 on top of air pressure sensor 11. One end of connecting pipe 9 is welded to the side wall of water supply pipe 1. The welding height is determined based on the normal water flow rate in water supply pipe 1 to ensure that water can enter connecting pipe 9 when water hammer occurs in water supply pipe 1. The other end of connecting pipe 9 is welded to water tank 10, with the welding position close to the bottom of the water tank to ensure that compressed air in airtight chamber 14 can push the liquid back into water supply pipe 1 after the water hammer effect in water supply pipe 1 disappears. Water tank 10 is equipped with a water level monitoring device, which can monitor changes in the water level in the tank in real time and feed back the relevant water level change data to pressure regulating tower 27.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the piston 12 is fixedly connected to the pneumatic movable rod 13, the top of the pneumatic movable rod 13 extends out of the water tank 10 and is movably connected to the retractable lever 7; the middle of the retractable lever 7 is movably connected to the top of the lever support rod 8, and the bottom of the lever support rod 8 is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe 9.

[0016] The telescopic lever 7 has movable connections at its middle and both ends, achieved through a structure of pins and oblong holes, allowing it to rotate omnidirectionally. The ends of the telescopic lever 7 are telescopic structures, implemented using telescopic rods. Through these movable connections and telescopic structures, the ends of the telescopic lever 7 can extend and retract in sync with the horizontal movement of the water pressure sensor 5, and can also control the vertical movement of the water pressure sensor 5 based on its lever structure. The water pressure sensor 5 can be movably connected to the ends of the telescopic lever 7 via a rod.

[0017] Furthermore, the top of the water tank 10 is provided with an air-tight pipe 16, and the pneumatic moving rod 13 passes through the air-tight pipe 16.

[0018] The piston 12 of the present invention isolates the gas exchange in the water tank 10, ensuring that the air in the airtight chamber 14 is not connected with the gas in the water storage chamber 15; the presence of the air-sealing tube 16 ensures that the gas does not leak during the up-and-down movement of the air pressure moving rod 13; the presence of the piston 12 and the air-sealing tube 17 ensures that the internal air pressure of the airtight chamber 14 is stable.

[0019] Furthermore, a fixed waterproof support 2 is fixedly installed at the top of the water supply pipe 1, and a sliding perforated lower support 4 is slidably installed on the waterproof support 2. The top of the sliding perforated lower support 4 is fixedly connected to the sliding perforated upper support 3. The upper sliding perforated support 3 is provided with an upper channel 17, the lower sliding perforated support 4 is provided with an intermediate channel 20, and the fixed waterproof support 2 is provided with a lower channel 26; the lower channel 26 is connected to the water supply pipe 1; the upper channel 17 is connected to the intermediate channel 20; the water pressure sensor 5 is located in the upper channel 17; An annular airbag is provided inside the intermediate channel 20, and a compressible airbag 25 is provided on the fixed waterproof support 2; the annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag 25. When the water pressure sensor 5 descends, it squeezes and passes through the annular air bladder, causing the gas inside the annular air bladder to enter the compressible air bladder 25. When the compressible air bladder 25 is inflated, it pushes the sliding plate 24 to move the sliding perforated lower support 4, thereby aligning the middle channel 20 with the lower channel 26, so that the water pressure sensor 5 descends through the lower channel 26 and enters the water supply pipe 1 to detect water pressure.

[0020] The water pressure sensor 5 of this invention is not immersed in the water supply pipe 1 for extended periods to prevent its lifespan from being affected by long-term erosion and water corrosion. Furthermore, placing the water pressure sensor 5 outside the water supply pipe 1 effectively reduces the difficulty of replacement and maintenance. When no water hammer effect occurs within the water supply pipe 1, the end of the water pressure sensor 5 remains within the upper channel 17 reserved in the upper support 3 of the sliding perforation, and does not enter the middle channel 20 reserved in the lower support 4 of the sliding perforation.

[0021] Furthermore, the annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag 25 through the vent pipe 22. The compressible airbag 25 is disposed inside the limiting sleeve 23, and the limiting sleeve 23 is fixedly connected to the fixed waterproof support 2. One end of the limiting sleeve 23 is closed, and the other end is slidably provided with the sliding plate 24. The compressible airbag 25 abuts against the sliding plate 24. The sliding plate 24 is fixedly connected to the sliding perforated lower support 4.

[0022] The annular airbag includes a left airbag 18 and a right airbag 19. The two airbags are connected by a horizontal airbag 21. The left airbag 18, the right airbag 19 and the horizontal airbag 21 form a middle annular channel, which is connected to the upper channel 17.

[0023] Furthermore, a reset spring is provided inside the compressible airbag 25. When the water pressure sensor 5 rises and resets, the reset spring pushes the compressible airbag 25 to restore its deformation, allowing gas to flow to the annular airbag, thereby restoring the annular airbag to its original shape.

[0024] When the water flow in water pipe 1 suddenly stops or changes direction drastically, the pressure fluctuation caused by inertia creates a water hammer effect within the pipe. The water pressure inside water pipe 1 increases rapidly. Under this pressure, the water flows through connecting pipe 9 into water tank 10, significantly reducing the water pressure inside water pipe 1 and effectively controlling the water hammer effect. Simultaneously, the water pressure inside water tank 10 increases rapidly, disrupting the dynamic balance between water and air pressure. The piston 12 inside water tank 10 drives the pneumatic rod 13 upward, significantly increasing the air pressure inside the airtight chamber 14 of the water tank. The lever effect causes the water pressure sensor 5 to move downwards into the middle channel 20 within the sliding perforated lower support 4. As the water pressure sensor 5 enters, the surrounding left airbag 18, right airbag 19, and horizontal airbag 21 within the middle channel 20 are compressed, partially expelling internal air. This air enters the compressible airbag 25 through the vent pipe 22, causing the compressible airbag 25 to expand. The vertical expansion of this compressible airbag is constrained by the limiting sleeve 23, thus limiting its deformation to the lateral direction. This deformation pushes the sliding plate 24 to slide horizontally, which in turn pushes the sliding perforated upper support 3 and the sliding perforated lower support 4 to slide. Since the end of the water pressure sensor 5 has entered the channel inside the sliding perforated upper support 3, the sliding of the support will cause the water pressure sensor 5 to move horizontally along the direction of the water supply pipe 1. Furthermore, the sliding of the two supports causes the upper channel 17, the middle channel 20, and the lower channel 26 to form a continuous channel. The water pressure sensor 5 enters the water supply pipeline 1 under the action of a lever to read the water pressure data in the water supply pipeline 1, evaluate whether the water hammer effect has been effectively resolved, and transmits the water pressure data to the pressure regulating tower 27 through the intelligent data communication device 6 at the tail end.

[0025] The pressure regulating tower 27 makes a judgment based on the measured air pressure data and water pressure data. If the pressure exceeds the allowable limit, it will sound an alarm and open the water storage tank and the air vent valve to increase or release the volume of water and air in the water supply pipeline 1, thereby adjusting the water pressure and air pressure in the pipeline to a safe range.

[0026] Specifically: when the water pressure and air pressure in the water supply pipeline 1 are effectively controlled and the water hammer effect disappears, the pressure regulating tower 27 refills the water in the storage tank into the water supply pipeline 1 and closes the exhaust valve; at the same time, the water in the water tank 10 of the device of the present invention will also be re-pressed into the water supply pipeline 1 under the action of high pressure gas in the airtight chamber 14, the air pressure inside the airtight chamber 14 will be significantly reduced, the piston 12 will drive the air pressure moving rod 13 to sink, and through the lever action, the water pressure sensor 5 will be pulled out from the water supply pipeline 1, and the return spring of the compressible airbag 25 will restore the upper support 3 and the lower support 4 of the sliding perforation to their original positions.

[0027] like Figure 4 The present invention also proposes an intelligent control method for the water hammer effect in water pipelines, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Input compressed air into the airtight chamber 14 to balance the air pressure in the water supply pipe 1 when no water hammer occurs, and calibrate the reading of the pressure sensor 11 based on this air pressure value. Establish air pressure in airtight chamber 14 P a air pressure inside water supply pipe 1 P c The functional relationship is shown in Formula 1, where... r The density of water; g Δ is the acceleration due to gravity; t This refers to changes in the water level within the pipe.

[0028] (1) Step 2: When water hammer occurs, water flows into water tank 10 from water pipeline 1, effectively reducing the water pressure and air pressure in water pipeline 1. Water pressure sensor 5 and air pressure sensor 11 record the changes in water pressure in water pipeline 1 and air pressure in water tank 10, respectively. The collected data is transmitted to pressure regulating tower 27 through intelligent data communication device 6. Step 3: The pressure regulating tower 27 determines whether the water pressure and air pressure in the pipeline have reached the threshold. If they have, an alarm is triggered, and the internal water storage tank and air vent are opened to further adjust the water pressure and air pressure in the water supply pipe. Step 4: The system uses historical and real-time pressure data and machine learning algorithms to continuously train the water hammer prediction model to identify abnormal pressure trends in water pipeline 1 in advance. The monitoring system inside pressure regulating tower 27 continuously receives historical and real-time pressure data uploaded by sensors and records operating information such as pipeline flow rate, valve status, and pipe diameter. Based on this data, a training sample set is constructed. Each sample's features include flow rate, pipe diameter, water hammer location, and time. The prediction target is the peak water hammer pressure. The system continuously trains the water hammer prediction model and process using machine learning algorithms (such as time series regression or LSTM models). Figure 4 As shown, it enables rolling prediction of pressure fluctuation trends in pipelines within 5 to 30 seconds before water hammer occurs, and outputs the probability of water hammer risk and the estimated peak pressure to assist in pipeline pressure regulation and water hammer prevention.

[0029] Step 5: Based on the prediction results, proactively adjust the pressure regulating tower 27 before water hammer actually occurs to achieve proactive pressure control; Step Six: After each event, compare the predictions with the actual data and automatically update the machine learning model; Step 7: After the water hammer phenomenon disappears, the pressure regulating tower 27 refills the water in the storage tank into the water supply pipeline 1 and closes the vent valve.

[0030] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines, characterized in that, include: Water supply pipeline (1), water pressure sensor (5), telescopic lever (7), connecting pipe (9), water tank (10), piston (12) and pressure regulating tower (27); The piston (12) is installed inside the water tank (10), and the piston (12) divides the interior of the water tank (10) into an airtight chamber (14) and a water storage chamber (15). The airtight chamber (14) is located above the piston (12), and the water storage chamber (15) is located below the piston (12). A pressure sensor (11) is installed inside the airtight chamber (14). The water supply pipe (1) is connected to the water storage chamber (15) of the water tank (10) through the connecting pipe (9); the top of the piston (12) is connected to one end of the telescopic lever (7), and the other end of the telescopic lever (7) is connected to the water pressure sensor (5); the water pressure sensor (5) is movable. When water hammer occurs in the water supply pipeline (1), water flows from the water supply pipeline (1) through the connecting pipe (9) into the water storage chamber (15). The piston (12) rises while the water pressure sensor (5) is lowered through the retractable lever (7) to detect the water pressure in the water supply pipeline (1). The water pressure sensor (5) and the air pressure sensor (11) record the changes in water pressure and air pressure respectively. If the water pressure and air pressure reach the threshold, the pressure regulating tower (27) outputs water to the water supply pipeline (1), and the exhaust valve of the airtight chamber (14) is opened.

2. The device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston (12) is fixedly connected to the top of the pneumatic movable rod (13), the top of the pneumatic movable rod (13) extends out of the water tank (10) and is movably connected to the telescopic lever (7); the telescopic lever (7) is movably connected to the top of the lever support rod (8) in the middle, and the bottom of the lever support rod (8) is fixedly connected to the connecting pipe (9).

3. A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (10) is provided with an air-sealing pipe (16) on top, and the pneumatic moving rod (13) passes through the air-sealing pipe (16).

4. A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the water supply pipe (1) is fixedly provided with a fixed waterproof support (2), and a sliding perforated lower support (4) is slidably provided on the waterproof support (2). The top of the sliding perforated lower support (4) is fixedly connected to the sliding perforated upper support (3). The upper sliding perforated support (3) is provided with an upper channel (17), the lower sliding perforated support (4) is provided with a middle channel (20), and the fixed waterproof support (2) is provided with a lower channel (26); the lower channel (26) is connected to the water supply pipe (1); the upper channel (17) is connected to the middle channel (20); the water pressure sensor (5) is located in the upper channel (17); An annular airbag is provided in the middle channel (20), and a compressible airbag (25) is provided on the fixed waterproof support (2); the annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag (25). When the water pressure sensor (5) descends, it squeezes and passes through the annular airbag, causing the gas inside the annular airbag to enter the compressible airbag (25). When the compressible airbag (25) is used to expand, it pushes the sliding plate (24) to move the sliding perforated lower support (4), thereby aligning the middle channel (20) with the lower channel (26), so that the water pressure sensor (5) descends through the lower channel (26) and enters the water supply pipe (1) to detect water pressure.

5. A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The annular airbag is connected to the compressible airbag (25) through the vent tube (22). The compressible airbag (25) is set inside the limiting sleeve (23). The limiting sleeve (23) is fixedly connected to the fixed waterproof support (2). One end of the limiting sleeve (23) is closed, and the other end is slidably provided with the sliding plate (24). The compressible airbag (25) abuts against the sliding plate (24). The sliding plate (24) is fixedly connected to the sliding perforated lower support (4).

6. A device for preventing water hammer in water pipelines according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compressible airbag (25) is provided with a reset spring. When the water pressure sensor (5) rises and resets, the reset spring pushes the compressible airbag (25) to restore its deformation, so that the gas flows to the annular airbag, thereby restoring the deformation of the annular airbag.

7. A smart control method for water hammer effect in water pipelines, based on the device for water hammer effect in water pipelines according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Input compressed air into the airtight chamber (14) to balance the air pressure in the water supply pipe (1) when no water hammer occurs, and correct the reading of the air pressure sensor (11) based on this air pressure value; Step 2: When water hammer occurs, water flows into the water tank (10), reducing the water pressure in the water supply pipeline (1). The water pressure sensor (5) and the air pressure sensor (11) record the changes in water pressure and air pressure respectively, and transmit the collected data to the pressure regulating tower (27) through the intelligent data communication device (6). Step 3: The pressure regulating tower (27) determines whether the water pressure and air pressure in the pipeline have reached the threshold. If they have, an alarm is triggered, and the exhaust valves of the internal water storage tank and the airtight chamber (14) are opened to adjust the water pressure and air pressure in the water supply pipe (1). Step 4: The system uses historical and real-time pressure data to continuously train the water hammer prediction model through machine learning algorithms to identify abnormal pressure trends in the water pipeline (1) in advance; Step 5: Based on the prediction results, actively adjust the pressure regulating tower (27) before water hammer actually occurs to achieve proactive pressure control; Step Six: After each event, compare the predictions with the actual data and automatically update the machine learning model; Step 7: After the water hammer phenomenon disappears, the pressure regulating tower (27) refills the water in the water storage tank into the water supply pipeline (1) and closes the air vent valve.

Images