A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, and a preparation method and application thereof
By preparing feed additives containing mulberry leaves and using fermentation to degrade anti-nutritional factors, the problems of easy moisture decay and high cellulose content of fresh mulberry leaves in livestock and poultry farming have been solved, thus achieving efficient absorption of nutrients by fattening pigs and improving pork quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUIZHOU SERICULTURE RES INST GUIZHOU PEPPER RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Fresh mulberry leaves currently used in livestock and poultry farming suffer from problems such as high water content leading to easy spoilage, high cellulose content inhibiting digestion and absorption, high levels of anti-nutritional factors, and difficulty in long-term storage, resulting in low feed utilization efficiency and making it impossible to achieve large-scale supply.
Feed additives containing mulberry leaves, including fresh mulberry leaves, corn flour, molasses, rapeseed cake, wheat bran, and fermentation agents, are used. After being crushed and mixed, the mixture is fermented at room temperature. The fermentation agents are used to degrade anti-nutritional factors, improve the absorption rate of nutrients, palatability, and storage stability.
It significantly improves the antioxidant function and immune level of fattening pigs, improves the fatty acid composition of pork, enhances pork quality and nutritional value, and meets the needs of large-scale farming.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, and in particular relates to a feed additive containing mulberry leaves, its preparation method and application. Background Technology
[0002] With the large-scale and intensive development of livestock and poultry farming, green and healthy farming and the improvement of livestock product quality have become the core trends in the industry. Developing new feed ingredients and feed additives that are natural, safe, and have both nutritional and physiological regulatory functions is of great practical significance for reducing the use of drugs in farming, improving the physiological functions of livestock and poultry, and enhancing the quality of meat, eggs and milk.
[0003] Mulberry leaves, as a natural plant resource, are extremely rich in nutrients, containing essential nutrients such as crude protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, and various vitamins. They also contain a variety of functional bioactive substances, including flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. Modern research shows that mulberry leaves possess significant physiological activities such as lowering blood sugar and blood lipids, anti-oxidation, and immune regulation. Applying appropriate amounts of mulberry leaves to livestock and poultry feed can effectively improve the lipid metabolism level of livestock and poultry, enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity, regulate blood sugar and blood lipid metabolism indicators, improve the physiological state of livestock and poultry growth from the source, and thus significantly improve the edible quality and commercial value of livestock products. Therefore, mulberry leaves are a high-potential unconventional high-quality feed ingredient.
[0004] The application of mulberry leaves in livestock and poultry farming has gradually attracted industry attention. Currently, the main method of utilizing mulberry leaf feed resources is direct feeding of fresh leaves. Direct feeding of fresh mulberry leaves can better preserve their inherent bioactive components, eliminating the need for complex processing steps and saving processing costs. Furthermore, fresh mulberry leaves have high water content and good palatability, effectively improving livestock and poultry production performance, regulating blood sugar and lipid metabolism, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and maintaining overall health. However, the existing fresh-feeding model has significant technical shortcomings: firstly, fresh mulberry leaves have high water content, making them highly susceptible to spoilage and difficult to store for long periods, resulting in a short feed utilization cycle and hindering large-scale, regular supply; secondly, mulberry leaves themselves have a high cellulose content and naturally contain various anti-nutritional factors, which can inhibit livestock and poultry's appetite and hinder the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, significantly reducing the utilization efficiency of mulberry leaf feed.
[0005] Therefore, developing a mulberry leaf feed that can fully retain the nutrients and bioactive components of mulberry leaves, effectively degrade anti-nutritional factors, improve palatability and digestibility, and meet the needs of long-term storage and large-scale feeding has significant industrial application value and market promotion prospects. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of this, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a feed additive containing mulberry leaves.
[0007] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the feed additive.
[0008] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the feed additive or the preparation method in fattening pig farming.
[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, by weight, comprises the following ingredients: 50-70 parts fresh mulberry leaves, 5-15 parts corn flour, 1-2 parts molasses, 2-4 parts rapeseed cake, 15-25 parts wheat bran, and 0.1-0.5 parts fermentation agent.
[0010] Preferably, the ingredients, by weight, include the following: 55-65 parts fresh mulberry leaves, 8-12 parts corn flour, 1.4-1.6 parts molasses, 2.5-3.5 parts rapeseed cake, 18-22 parts wheat bran, and 0.2-0.4 parts fermentation agent.
[0011] Preferably, the fermentation agent includes Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Pediococcus lactis.
[0012] Preferably, the number of viable *Candida utilis* cells in the fermentation agent is ≥90 × 10⁻⁶. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 cfu / g.
[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed additive, comprising the following steps: crushing fresh mulberry leaves and mixing them with other raw materials, then placing them in a fermentation bag and fermenting them at room temperature.
[0014] Preferably, the fermentation time is 7-15 days.
[0015] The present invention also provides the application of the feed additive or the preparation method in fattening pig farming.
[0016] Preferably, the feed additive is mixed with the basal feed to obtain a mixed feed for feeding fattening pigs.
[0017] Preferably, the feed additive accounts for 1% to 30% of the mass of the mixed feed.
[0018] Preferably, the mixed feed has a crude protein content of 75.15 g / kg, a pH of 5.08, a crude fat content of 4.55%, a dry matter content of 98.05%, a crude fiber content of 4.31%, a neutral detergent fiber content of 24.71%, and an acid detergent fiber content of 15.14%.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a feed additive containing mulberry leaves for fattening pigs. It can solve the problems that existing conventional diets easily lead to fattening pigs having weak antioxidant capacity, low immune levels, high saturated fat content in pork, and insufficient unsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid. Ultimately, it can significantly improve the antioxidant function and immune level of fattening pigs, improve the fatty acid composition of pork, increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and iron, reduce the total amount of saturated fat and bitter amino acids in muscle, improve the quality and nutritional value of pork, and meet and promote the needs of large-scale farming. Detailed Implementation
[0020] This invention provides a feed additive containing mulberry leaves, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 50-70 parts fresh mulberry leaves, 5-15 parts corn flour, 1-2 parts molasses, 2-4 parts rapeseed cake, 15-25 parts wheat bran, and 0.1-0.5 parts fermentation agent. The preferred amount of fresh mulberry leaves is 55-65 parts, more preferably 60 parts; the preferred amount of corn flour is 8-12 parts, more preferably 10 parts; the preferred amount of molasses is 1.4-1.6 parts, more preferably 1.5 parts; the preferred amount of rapeseed cake is 2.5-3.5 parts, more preferably 3 parts; the preferred amount of wheat bran is 18-22 parts, more preferably 20 parts; and the preferred amount of fermentation agent is 0.2-0.4 parts, more preferably 0.3 parts. The fresh mulberry leaves used in this invention are preferably fresh mulberry leaves with a moisture content of 60%.
[0021] In this invention, the fermentation agent includes *Candida utilis*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Pediococcus lactis*; wherein the viable count of *Candida utilis* in the fermentation agent is ≥90 × 10⁻⁶. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 CFU / g. As an feasible method, the fermentation agent used in this specific embodiment of the invention is the 99 Multifunctional Feed Fermentation Agent purchased from Nanning Weirui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The main components of this fermentation agent are *Candida utilis*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Pediococcus lactis*, with a contamination rate ≤1% and moisture content <9%. This invention utilizes this fermentation agent to ferment mulberry leaves, effectively overcoming the technical bottlenecks of high anti-nutritional factor content and complex fiber structure in the feed utilization of mulberry leaves, and significantly improving the feed value of mulberry leaves.
[0022] This invention also provides a method for preparing the feed additive, comprising the following steps: crushing fresh mulberry leaves and mixing them with other raw materials, placing them in a fermentation bag, and then fermenting at room temperature; the fermentation time is 7-15 days. Preferably, the fresh mulberry leaves are crushed to 2-3 cm. This invention utilizes fermentation agents to ferment mulberry leaves and other raw materials, which can convert the natural active substances such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides in mulberry leaves into more easily absorbed forms, improving the absorption and conversion of nutrients by the feed recipients.
[0023] This invention also provides the application of the feed additive or the preparation method in fattening pig farming; the present invention mixes the feed additive with basal feed to obtain a mixed feed for feeding fattening pigs. The feed additive preferably accounts for 1% to 30% of the mass of the mixed feed, more preferably 10% to 20% of the mass of the mixed feed, and even more preferably 15% of the mass of the mixed feed.
[0024] This invention involves mixing feed additives with a basal feed to obtain a mixed feed with a crude protein content of 75.15 g / kg, a pH of 5.08, a crude fat content of 4.55%, a dry matter content of 98.05%, a crude fiber content of 4.31%, a neutral detergent fiber content of 24.71%, and an acid detergent fiber content of 15.14%. This invention significantly improves the palatability of the feed.
[0025] The feed additive provided by this invention can be used to improve the antioxidant function and immune level of fattening pigs, reduce the saturated fatty acid content in fattening pig muscles, increase the oleic acid and iron content in fattening pig muscles, and reduce the content of bitter amino acids, thereby effectively improving the quality and nutritional value of pork.
[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0027] Example 1 A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 60 parts fresh mulberry leaves with a moisture content of 60%, 10 parts corn flour, 1.5 parts molasses, 3 parts rapeseed cake, 20 parts wheat bran, and 0.3 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes *Candida utilis*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Pediococcus lactis*; the viable count of *Candida utilis* is ≥90 × 10⁻⁶. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 cfu / g.
[0028] The preparation method is as follows: Crush fresh mulberry leaves (to 2-3 cm) and mix with other ingredients, pack into a fermentation bag and press tightly, then ferment at room temperature for 10 days.
[0029] Example 2 A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 55 parts fresh mulberry leaves with a moisture content of 60%, 15 parts corn flour, 2 parts molasses, 2 parts rapeseed cake, 25 parts wheat bran, and 0.5 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes *Candida utilis*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Pediococcus lactis*; the viable count of *Candida utilis* is ≥90 × 10⁻⁶. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 cfu / g.
[0030] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.
[0031] Example 3 A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, comprising the following ingredients by weight: 65 parts fresh mulberry leaves with a moisture content of 60%, 5 parts corn flour, 1 part molasses, 4 parts rapeseed cake, 15 parts wheat bran, and 0.2 parts fermentation agent. The fermentation agent includes *Candida utilis*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Pediococcus lactis*; the viable count of *Candida utilis* is ≥90 × 10⁻⁶. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 cfu / g.
[0032] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.
[0033] Example 4 The effects of different feed additives on fattening pigs.
[0034] Twelve fattening pigs of Songliao Black Mountain Pig, each weighing 20 kg, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The feed for each group was as follows: Treatment Group 1: The feed additive provided in Example 1 was mixed with corn flour to obtain mixed feed 1, wherein the feed additive provided in Example 1 accounted for 15% of the mass of mixed feed 1; Control group 1: fed mixed feed 2, with a formula of 9% soybean meal + 6% pelleted feed powder and 85% corn flour. The pelleted feed powder was "Bavi" starter feed under Boen Group, purchased from Zhou Wanshun Feed Retail Store in Maoshi Town, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province.
[0035] Two groups of fattening pigs were fed with corresponding feeds for 400 days. The relevant indicators in the serum and muscle of the fattening pigs were then measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0036] Table 1. Feeding effects of different feed additives
[0037] Testing revealed that when the feed additive provided in Example 1 was mixed with the basal feed, the resulting mixed feed 1 contained 75.15 g / kg crude protein, a pH of 5.08, 4.55% crude fat, 4.31% crude fiber, 98.05% dry matter, 24.71% neutral detergent fiber, and 15.14% acid detergent fiber. In contrast, the control group fed mixed feed 2 contained 74.97 g / kg crude protein, a pH of 5.03, 4.33% crude fat, 8.74% crude fiber, 97.27% dry matter, 41.55% neutral detergent fiber, and 15.85% acid detergent fiber. The feed additive provided in Example 1 of this invention can significantly improve the palatability of feed.
[0038] According to the results in Table 1, the feed additive provided in Example 1 of this invention can promote the effective absorption of active substances such as flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides in mulberry leaves by fattening pigs and significantly enhance the antioxidant function of the body. Compared with the control group 1, the glutathione peroxidase in the muscle of the fattening pigs in the treatment group 1 increased by about 400%, the glutathione peroxidase in the serum increased by about 144%, and the superoxide dismutase in the muscle increased by 20%.
[0039] This invention can also significantly improve the immune level of fattening pigs. Compared with the control group 1, the serum of fattening pigs in the treatment group 1 showed an increase of 41% in immunoglobulin A (IgA), 31% in immunoglobulin G (IgG), and 43% in immunoglobulin M (IgM).
[0040] The feed additive provided in Example 1 of this invention can promote the effective absorption and conversion of fat-soluble active substances such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and flavonoids in mulberry leaves by fattening pigs. Compared with control group 1, the saturated fatty acid content of fattening pig muscle is reduced and the unsaturated fatty acid content is increased. Specifically, crude fat is increased by 10%, monounsaturated fatty acids are increased by 8%, and saturated fatty acids are reduced by 5%.
[0041] This invention can significantly improve the flavor of pork. Compared with control group 1, the oleic acid (flavor enhancer) in the muscle of fattening pigs in treatment group 1 increased by 9%, and the total amount of bitter amino acids (including histidine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine) in the muscle decreased by 15%.
[0042] This invention can significantly increase the iron content of pork. Compared with control group 1, the iron content of fattening pig muscle in treatment group 1 increased by 51%.
[0043] The feed additive containing mulberry leaves provided by this invention is safe and reliable, with a unique flavor and no toxic side effects. It can effectively improve the quality and nutritional value of pork, meeting and promoting the needs of large-scale farming.
[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A feed additive containing mulberry leaves, characterized in that, The ingredients, by weight, include the following: 50-70 parts fresh mulberry leaves, 5-15 parts corn flour, 1-2 parts molasses, 2-4 parts rapeseed cake, 15-25 parts wheat bran, and 0.1-0.5 parts fermentation agent.
2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ingredients, by weight, include the following: 55-69 parts fresh mulberry leaves, 8-12 parts corn flour, 1.4-1.6 parts molasses, 2.1-3.5 parts rapeseed cake, 18-22 parts wheat bran, and 0.2-0.4 parts fermentation agent.
3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermentation agents include Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Pediococcus lactis.
4. The feed additive according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation agent contains ≥90 × 10⁶ viable *Candida utilis* bacteria. 6 cfu / g, Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥26×10 6 cfu / g, viable count of Pediococcus lactis ≥4×10 6 cfu / g.
5. The method for preparing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: crushing fresh mulberry leaves, mixing them with other ingredients, packing them into a fermentation bag, and then fermenting them at room temperature.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Fermentation time is 7-15 days.
7. The application of the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 6 in fattening pig farming.
8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feed additive is mixed with the basal feed to obtain a mixed feed, which is used to feed fattening pigs.
9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The feed additives account for 1% to 30% of the mass of the mixed feed.
10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mixed feed has a crude protein content of 75.15 g / kg, a pH of 5.08, a crude fat content of 4.55%, a dry matter content of 98.05%, a crude fiber content of 4.31%, a neutral detergent fiber content of 24.71%, and an acid detergent fiber content of 15.14%.