A dump truck with a pusher blade and a control method

Abstract

The application discloses a dump truck with a rear pushing shovel and a control method, and relates to the technical field of engineering vehicle auxiliary working mechanisms. The dump truck comprises a vehicle frame and an integrated pushing shovel mechanism. The integrated pushing shovel mechanism is installed at the tail of the vehicle frame in place of the original rear bumper and has two states of folding protection and working pushing. The integrated pushing shovel mechanism is composed of an installation base module, a control system module, a control valve group, a telescopic driving module, a lifting floating driving module, a pushing shovel module and a buffer rotating module. The multiple-stage flexible structure is adapted to complex terrains, and the intelligent interlocking control logic is matched, so that the ground scattered material cleaning can be simultaneously completed in the process of reversing the dump truck to the position. The application realizes the integration of the tail protection and the material pushing shovel function, does not need to change the original vehicle main structure, can realize instant cleaning of "every vehicle every trip", reduces tire wear from the root, improves the mining operation efficiency, simultaneously has multiple safety interlocking protections, and is suitable for the complex operation scene of the open-pit mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dump truck technology, specifically to a dump truck with a rear pusher and a control method, applicable to dump truck operation scenarios such as open-pit coal mines and ore stripping yards, and falls under the category of auxiliary operating mechanisms and intelligent control technology for engineering vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining operations are divided into two main operating scenarios: the coal mining area and the stripping and loading area. Both scenarios present a series of problems caused by scattered materials on the ground.

[0003] In open-pit coal mining areas, a large amount of loose coal is generated during mining and transportation. This loose coal is repeatedly crushed by mine cars, forming coal dust, which exacerbates dust pollution in the mining area and endangers the health of workers. Accumulated coal dust can easily adhere to the surface of vehicles, posing a fire hazard. At the same time, coal-covered roads can cause mine cars to slip, tires to overheat abnormally, and tire wear to accelerate significantly.

[0004] In the ore stripping and loading area, the working face is covered with sharp-edged rocks due to the combined effects of blasting processes, loading operations, and road conditions. These sharp rocks can easily cut or puncture mine car tires. Problems such as excavator spillage, mine car skidding during steering, and the accumulation of loose rocks on the road further exacerbate tire wear, resulting in high operating costs for mining vehicles.

[0005] Currently, mines commonly use loaders and graders as auxiliary equipment to clean the working face: in coal mining areas, loaders clear accumulated loose coal; in stripping areas, dump trucks first transport sand, and then loaders lay sand to cover sharp rocks. This existing solution has many inherent flaws: 1. Untimely cleanup: The number of auxiliary loaders in the mining area is limited, and they cannot follow each dump truck in real time. Cleanup is only carried out after the material has been crushed, which is only a temporary solution. 2. Unscientific operation: The loader's operating route cannot be accurately matched with the dump truck's driving trajectory, resulting in blind spots in sand laying and material cleaning; 3. Large site occupation: The loading area is small and the back-and-forth movement of the forklift interferes with the normal passage of the mine car, which is especially unsuitable for unmanned dump truck operation; 4. Low operational efficiency and high cost: Additional equipment and operators are required, and the cleaning operation and dump truck transportation cannot be synchronized, resulting in a significant decrease in overall operational efficiency.

[0006] Existing dump trucks only have a single-function bumper at the rear, which only provides low-speed collision protection and has no material clearing function. Most of the external pushers installed on the market are rigid structures, which are prone to getting stuck, digging into the ground, and being damaged on uneven mining roads. They also damage the original vehicle structure and lose the original collision protection function, failing to meet the comprehensive operation needs of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of delayed cleaning, low efficiency, high cost, poor adaptability of rigid pushers, and lack of original vehicle protection functions in existing technologies, this invention provides a dump truck with a rear pusher and a control method that integrates rear protection and material pushing. Without altering the dump truck's main structure, power, hydraulic, and braking systems, it allows the dump truck to simultaneously clean up ground materials while reversing into position. Furthermore, the flexible structure adapts to complex terrain, and the intelligent interlocking control logic balances operational efficiency, operational safety, and the original vehicle protection performance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: On one hand, the present invention provides a dump truck with a rear pusher, including a cab, wheels, a frame and a dump truck bed. The cab is located at the front end of the frame, the bottom of the frame is equipped with wheels, the upper side of the frame is provided with a dump truck bed, and it also includes an integrated pusher mechanism. The integrated pusher mechanism replaces the original rear bumper and is installed at the rear of the frame, and has a retracted state and a working state.

[0009] The integrated pusher mechanism includes a mounting base module, a control system module, a control valve group, a telescopic drive module, a lifting and floating drive module, a pusher module, and a buffer rotation module. The mounting base module is fixedly connected to the vehicle frame. The pusher module is located outside the mounting base module, and the pusher module is connected to the mounting base module via the lifting and floating drive module and the telescopic drive module. The buffer rotation module is located between the pusher module and the telescopic drive module. The control system module and the control valve group are located on the mounting base module and are used to control and drive the telescopic drive module and the lifting and floating drive module.

[0010] Furthermore, the pusher module includes a movable pusher, a middle fixed pusher, and a follow-up support assembly; the movable pusher is provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged on the outside of the middle fixed pusher, and can extend, retract, and translate longitudinally along the middle fixed pusher; the follow-up support assembly is located on the outside of the movable pusher near the bottom edge.

[0011] The movable pusher includes an anti-overflow baffle, a sliding seat, a guide groove, a limiting baffle, a movable shovel, a shovel telescopic cylinder, and a guide rail. The guide rail is longitudinally fixed on the outer side of the middle fixed pusher, and a sliding seat is slidably connected to it through the guide groove. A movable shovel is integrally formed on the lower side of the sliding seat. The shovel telescopic cylinder is fixedly installed on the inner side of the middle fixed pusher, and a limiting baffle is fixedly provided at the outer end of the movable shovel. The output end of the shovel telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to the limiting baffle.

[0012] An anti-overflow baffle is integrally formed on the upper side of the slide block, and triangular flexible rubber sheets are provided at the bottom of both the middle fixed pusher and the movable shovel.

[0013] Furthermore, in the working state, the pusher module descends until the flexible rubber sheet on it contacts the ground, and the movable shovel extends longitudinally to expand the pushing width; in the retracted state, the movable shovel retracts longitudinally, and the pusher module rises to a predetermined protective position.

[0014] It also includes a mechanical locking mechanism, which is an electric spring pin locking mechanism, a hydraulically driven pin locking mechanism, or a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism; when the pusher module is retracted into position, the mechanical locking mechanism automatically locks, allowing the pusher module to descend only in the unlocked state.

[0015] Furthermore, the follow-up support assembly includes a support plate, a support screw, a locking nut, and a support stabilizing roller; the support plate is fixed to the outer surface of the movable shovel plate, and an adjustable support screw is provided through it; the support screw is locked to the support plate by the locking nut, and a support stabilizing roller is assembled at the lower end of the support screw.

[0016] Furthermore, the telescopic drive module is symmetrically provided in two sets, including an upper hinge seat, a telescopic cylinder and a lower hinge seat; the tail end of the telescopic cylinder is hinged to the mounting base module through the upper hinge seat, and its output end is hinged to the intermediate fixed push bar through the lower hinge seat.

[0017] The number of lifting and floating drive modules is adapted to the telescopic drive module, including lifting cylinders, chains, chain wheels and connecting lugs; the lifting cylinders are fixedly installed on the mounting base module; one end of the chain is fixed to the output end of the lifting cylinder, the middle part passes around the chain wheel set on the mounting base module, and the other end is fixed to the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder through the connecting lugs.

[0018] When the lifting cylinder retracts, the pusher module is pulled up by the chain; when the lifting cylinder extends, the chain loosens, the pusher module descends by its own weight, and enters a floating state after contacting the ground due to the reserved chain slack.

[0019] Furthermore, the buffer rotation module includes a base plate and two sets of buffer springs; the base plate is located between the two sets of telescopic cylinders, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the piston rods of the two sets of telescopic cylinders; the tail ends of the two sets of buffer springs are hinged to the base plate, and their output ends are hinged to the middle fixed push shovel.

[0020] Furthermore, the control system module draws oil from the original vehicle's cargo compartment lifting hydraulic system, or uses an independent micro-electric hydraulic power unit.

[0021] The control system module is an intrinsically safe PLC controller for mining, connected to the original vehicle's CAN bus, and configured to: allow the integrated pusher mechanism to start only when the vehicle is detected to be in neutral and parked; and trigger an alarm and limit the vehicle's maximum speed when the vehicle is detected to be in forward gear, the vehicle speed exceeds a preset threshold, and the integrated pusher mechanism is not in a locked state.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention provides a control method for the above-mentioned dump truck with a rear pusher, including an automatic mode step: S1. After the vehicle enters the loading area and parks, the automatic mode is activated; S2, The control system controls the pusher module to extend backward; S3. Control the telescopic drive module and the lifting and floating drive module to lower the pusher module to contact the ground; S4. Control the movable pusher to extend longitudinally to the predetermined width; S5. The vehicle engages reverse gear and reverses towards the loading point. Simultaneously, the pusher module piles the scattered materials on the ground into the excavator's working area.

[0023] Furthermore, the control method also includes a manual mode step: controlling the extension and retraction of the pusher module, its lifting and lowering, and the longitudinal extension and retraction of the movable pusher through the control panel in the cab.

[0024] Furthermore, the control method also includes a safety interlock step: when the vehicle is in forward gear and the speed exceeds 5 km / h, if the integrated pusher mechanism is not in the retracted and locked state, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the maximum vehicle speed is electronically limited to 5 km / h.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention integrates the protective function of the rear bumper with the cleaning function of the pusher. When retracted, the pusher fits against the vehicle frame through a rigid limiting block, fully preserving the original vehicle's low-speed collision protection capability; during operation, the pusher descends to push materials synchronously while reversing. No modifications to the original vehicle frame, power system, or other main structures are required, achieving "multi-purpose use in one vehicle" and solving the problem of conflicts between added equipment and protective functions.

[0026] 2. This invention uses a three-level flexible system of "flexible rubber + buffer roller + chain floating margin" to enable the pusher to adapt to ground undulations of ±70mm, completely avoiding the risks of traditional rigid pushers getting stuck, digging into the ground, or damaging vehicles, and reliably adapting to the complex potholes and uneven surfaces of open-pit mines.

[0027] 3. During the reversing process of the mining truck into the loading position, the ground is cleaned and materials are piled up simultaneously. There is no need to wait for special auxiliary equipment, which realizes instant cleaning for "every truck and every trip", fundamentally preventing materials from being crushed, greatly improving work efficiency and reducing tire wear.

[0028] 4. Multiple safety interlock logics (gear position, vehicle speed, locking signal) and an emergency mechanical locking mechanism ensure that the mechanism can reliably retract and lock in any non-working state, preventing driving safety accidents caused by mechanism malfunction.

[0029] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated pusher mechanism in this invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a front view of the integrated pusher mechanism in this invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated pusher mechanism in this invention from another angle.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the integrated pusher mechanism in this invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable pusher after it has been deployed in this invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Truck cab; 2. Wheels; 3. Frame; 4. Dump truck bed; 5. Integrated pusher mechanism; 51. Mounting base module; 52. Control system module; 53. Control valve group; 54. Telescopic drive module; 541. Upper hinge seat; 542. Telescopic cylinder; 543. Lower hinge seat; 55. Lifting and floating drive module; 551. Lifting cylinder; 552. Chain; 553. Chain wheel; 554. Connecting lug; 56. Pusher module; 561. Movable pusher; 56 11. Overflow baffle; 5612. Slide seat; 5613. Guide slide groove; 5614. Limit baffle; 5615. Movable shovel; 5616. Shovel telescopic cylinder; 5617. Guide slide rail; 562. Intermediate fixed push shovel; 563. Follow-up support assembly; 5631. Support plate; 5632. Support screw; 5633. Locking nut; 5634. Support stabilizing roller; 564. Flexible rubber sheet; 57. Buffer rotation module; 571. Base plate; 572. Buffer spring. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a dump truck with a rear pusher, including a cab 1, wheels 2, a frame 3, a dump truck bed 4, and an integrated pusher mechanism 5. The cab 1 is mounted on the front end of the frame 3, the wheels 2 are mounted on the bottom of the frame 3, and the dump truck bed 4 is located on the upper side of the frame 3, allowing unloading via the original vehicle lifting mechanism. The integrated pusher mechanism 5 replaces the original rear bumper and is fixedly mounted at the rear of the frame 3. It has two modes: a retracted state and a working state. In the retracted state, it provides low-speed anti-collision protection for the original rear bumper; in the working state, it can push and clear accumulated materials on the ground as the vehicle reverses.

[0041] The integrated pusher mechanism 5 mainly consists of a mounting base module 51, a control system module 52, a control valve group 53, a telescopic drive module 54, a lifting and floating drive module 55, a pusher module 56, and a buffer rotation module 57.

[0042] The mounting base module 51 serves as the mounting carrier for the overall mechanism and is fixedly connected to the rear of the frame 3 with bolts. The mounting interface perfectly matches the original rear bumper mounting position, eliminating the need for structural modifications such as drilling or welding on the frame. The control system module 52 and the control valve group 53 are both integrated and mounted on the mounting base module 51. The control valve group 53 is connected to each drive cylinder via hydraulic lines, and the control system module 52 controls the actions of each drive module through the control valve group 53.

[0043] The pusher module 56 is located on the outside of the mounting base module 51, and the two are connected and driven by the telescopic drive module 54 and the lifting and floating drive module 55. The buffer rotation module 57 is located between the pusher module 56 and the telescopic drive module 54, and is used to absorb the impact load during pusher operation, while allowing the pusher module 56 to rotate slightly to adapt to ground undulations.

[0044] In this embodiment, the pusher module 56 consists of three parts: a movable pusher 561, a central fixed pusher 562, and a follow-up support assembly 563. Two sets of movable pushers 561 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the central fixed pusher 562, and can extend, retract, and translate along the longitudinal direction (vehicle width direction) of the central fixed pusher 562 to adjust the overall working width of the pusher. The follow-up support assembly 563 is installed on the outer side of the movable pusher 561 near the bottom edge, providing auxiliary support for the deployed movable pusher 561 and preventing sagging at the side ends.

[0045] Each set of movable push shovels 561 includes an anti-overflow baffle 5611, a slide block 5612, a guide groove 5613, a limit baffle 5614, a movable shovel plate 5615, a shovel plate telescopic cylinder 5616, and a guide rail 5617. The guide rail 5617 is longitudinally fixedly installed on the outer surface of the intermediate fixed push shovel 562. The slide block 5612 slides smoothly along the longitudinal direction of the guide rail 5617 via the guide groove 5613. The movable shovel plate 5615 is integrally formed on the lower side of the slide block 5612 and moves synchronously with the slide block. The shovel plate telescopic cylinder 5616 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the intermediate fixed push shovel 562. A limit baffle 5614 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the movable shovel plate 5615. The piston rod output end of the shovel plate telescopic cylinder 5616 is fixedly connected to the limit baffle 5614. The extension and retraction of the cylinder drives the movable shovel plate 5615 to complete the extension and retraction actions.

[0046] To further explain, the spill baffle 5611 is integrally molded on the upper side of the slide 5612, which can prevent material from overflowing from above the pusher during the pushing process and ensure the material gathering effect. The bottom edges of the fixed pusher 562 and the movable shovel 5615 are both equipped with flexible rubber sheets 564 with triangular cross sections. The flexible rubber sheets 564 can produce elastic deformation, which can both conform to the ground to ensure the cleanliness of the pushing and prevent the rigid shovel body from directly contacting the ground, causing jamming or wear.

[0047] In this embodiment, the follow-up support assembly 563 consists of a support plate 5631, a support screw 5632, a locking nut 5633, and a support stabilizing roller 5634. The support plate 5631 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the movable shovel plate 5615. The support screw 5632 vertically penetrates the support plate 5631 and can be adjusted up and down. The position is locked by clamping the support plate 5631 with two locking nuts 5633. The support stabilizing roller 5634 is assembled at the lower end of the support screw 5632. When the pusher module descends to the working position, the support stabilizing roller 5634 contacts the ground and rolls with the vehicle, providing stable support for the outer end of the movable pusher 561, preventing the pusher side from sagging, and further improving the terrain following capability.

[0048] In this embodiment, two sets of telescopic drive modules 54 are symmetrically arranged. Each set includes an upper hinge seat 541, a telescopic cylinder 542, and a lower hinge seat 543. The tail end of the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 542 is hinged to the mounting base module 51 via the upper hinge seat 541, and the output end of the piston rod is hinged to the back of the intermediate fixed pusher 562 via the lower hinge seat 543. The two sets of telescopic cylinders 542 extend and retract synchronously, thereby driving the entire pusher module 56 to complete the extension and retraction actions in the front and rear directions.

[0049] In this embodiment, the number of lifting and floating drive modules 55 corresponds one-to-one with the number of telescopic drive modules 54. Each group includes a lifting cylinder 551, a chain 552, a chain wheel 553, and a connecting lug 554. The lifting cylinder 551 is vertically fixed on the mounting base module 51, and the chain wheel 553 is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the mounting base module 51 at the corresponding position. One end of the chain 552 is fixedly connected to the piston rod output end of the lifting cylinder 551, the middle part extends upward around the chain wheel 553 and then downward, and the other end is fixed to the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 542 through the connecting lug 554.

[0050] When the lifting cylinder 551 retracts, the piston rod pulls one end of the chain 552 downward. Through the reversing action of the chain wheel 553, the other end of the chain 552 pulls the telescopic cylinder 542 upward, thereby driving the entire pusher module 56 to rise and complete the retraction action. When the lifting cylinder 551 extends, the chain 552 loosens, and the pusher module 56 descends under its own weight. After contacting the ground, the lifting cylinder 551 continues to extend a short distance, allowing the chain 552 to have some slack. At this time, the pusher module 56 can float up and down with the undulations of the ground, entering a floating operation state to avoid rigid impact and adapt to uneven road surfaces.

[0051] In this embodiment, the buffer rotation module 57 includes a base plate 571 and two sets of buffer springs 572. The base plate 571 is horizontally disposed between two sets of telescopic cylinders 542, and its left and right ends are respectively fixedly connected to the piston rods of the two sets of telescopic cylinders 542. The tail ends of the two sets of buffer springs 572 are hinged to the base plate 571, and the output ends are hinged to the back of the intermediate fixed pusher 562. When the pusher is impacted from the front, the buffer springs 572 can be compressed to absorb energy, while allowing the intermediate fixed pusher 562 to rotate at a small angle around the lower hinge seat 543, further improving the terrain adaptability and the impact resistance of the mechanism.

[0052] The dump truck in this embodiment is also equipped with a mechanical locking mechanism. The mechanical locking mechanism can be an electric spring pin locking mechanism, a hydraulically driven pin locking mechanism, or a ratchet pawl locking mechanism, and is installed at the corresponding positions of the mounting base module 51 and the pusher module 56. When the pusher module 56 is raised and retracted into position, the mechanical locking mechanism automatically triggers the locking, fixing the pusher module 56 in the retracted position. Only after the control system issues an unlocking command and the mechanical locking mechanism unlocks can the pusher module 56 perform the lowering action, preventing the pusher from accidentally falling and causing a safety accident during vehicle operation.

[0053] In this embodiment, the control system module 52 adopts a mining-grade intrinsically safe PLC controller, which is connected to the original vehicle's CAN bus and can acquire signals such as vehicle gear position, speed, and parking status in real time. Regarding hydraulic power, the control system module 52 can draw oil from the original vehicle's lifting hydraulic system or be configured with an independent micro-electric hydraulic power unit to adapt to the modification needs of different vehicle models.

[0054] Furthermore, the basic safety logic configuration of the control system is as follows: the operation mode of the integrated pusher mechanism is only allowed to be activated when the vehicle is detected to be in neutral and the parking brake is active; when the vehicle is detected to be in forward gear, the vehicle speed exceeds the preset threshold, and the integrated pusher mechanism is not in the retracted and locked state, an audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered, and the vehicle's maximum speed is limited through the original vehicle electronic control system to forcibly remind the driver to retract the pusher.

[0055] Example 2: The dump truck with a rear pusher in this example supports both automatic and manual operation modes, and also has a safety interlock protection mechanism.

[0056] 1. Automatic Mode Workflow S1. After the vehicle enters the loading area, the driver parks the vehicle, shifts to neutral, and starts the automatic operation mode through the control panel in the cab. S2. The control system first unlocks the mechanical locking mechanism, then controls the telescopic cylinder 542 to extend, pushing the pusher module 56 to extend backward to the predetermined position; S3. The control system controls the lifting cylinder 551 to extend, the chain to loosen, and the pusher module 56 descends by its own weight until the bottom flexible rubber sheet 564 contacts the ground. The lifting cylinder continues to extend to reserve floating margin, and the pusher enters the floating state. S4. The control system controls the simultaneous extension of the two side shovel extension cylinders 5616, pushing the movable shovel 5615 to unfold outward longitudinally to achieve the preset pushing width. S5. The driver engages reverse gear and controls the vehicle to reverse toward the loading point. The pusher module moves backward synchronously with the vehicle, piling up scattered coal, gravel and other materials on the vehicle's path toward the excavator's work area to complete the road clearing. S6. After reversing into position, the automatic mode executes the reset process: the movable shovel retracts, the pusher module rises and retracts, the mechanical locking mechanism automatically locks, and the vehicle can move forward and drive away normally.

[0057] 2. Manual mode The driver can independently control the forward and backward extension, overall lifting and lowering, and longitudinal extension and retraction of the two movable push blades on both sides through the control panel in the cab, adapting to customized cleaning needs in special scenarios, such as cleaning up local material accumulation and cleaning one side of the road.

[0058] 3. Safety interlock mechanism During vehicle operation, the control system monitors the gear position, vehicle speed, and pusher lock status in real time. When the vehicle is in forward gear and the speed exceeds 5 km / h, if the system detects that the integrated pusher mechanism is not in the retracted and locked state, it will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm in the cab. At the same time, it will electronically limit the vehicle's maximum speed to within 5 km / h, forcing the driver to retract the pusher and avoid driving safety accidents.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dump truck with a rear pusher, comprising a cab (1), wheels (2), a frame (3), and a dump truck bed (4), wherein the cab (1) is disposed at the front end of the frame (3), the wheels (2) are mounted on the bottom of the frame (3), and the dump truck bed (4) is disposed on the upper side of the frame (3), characterized in that: It also includes an integrated pusher mechanism (5), which replaces the original rear bumper and is installed at the rear of the frame (3), and has a retracted state and a working state; The integrated pusher mechanism (5) includes a mounting base module (51), a control system module (52), a control valve group (53), a telescopic drive module (54), a lifting and floating drive module (55), a pusher module (56), and a buffer rotation module (57). The mounting base module (51) is fixedly connected to the frame (3). The pusher module (56) is located outside the mounting base module (51), and the pusher module (56) and the mounting base module (51) are connected through the lifting and floating drive module (55) and the telescopic drive module (54). The buffer rotation module (57) is located between the pusher module (56) and the telescopic drive module (54). The control system module (52) and the control valve group (53) are located on the mounting base module (51) and are used to control and drive the telescopic drive module (54) and the lifting and floating drive module (55).

2. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pusher module (56) includes a movable pusher (561), a middle fixed pusher (562), and a follower support assembly (563); the movable pusher (561) is provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged on the outside of the middle fixed pusher (562), and can be extended, retracted, and translated longitudinally along the middle fixed pusher (562); the follower support assembly (563) is located on the outside of the movable pusher (561) near the bottom edge; The movable pusher (561) includes an anti-overflow baffle (5611), a slide block (5612), a guide groove (5613), a limiting baffle (5614), a movable shovel plate (5615), a shovel plate telescopic cylinder (5616), and a guide rail (5617). The guide rail (5617) is longitudinally fixed on the outer side of the middle fixed pusher (562), and the slide block (5612) is slidably connected to it through the guide groove (5613). The movable shovel plate (5615) is integrally formed on the lower side of the slide block (5612). The shovel plate telescopic cylinder (5616) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the middle fixed pusher (562), and the limiting baffle (5614) is fixedly provided on the outer end of the movable shovel plate (5615). The output end of the shovel plate telescopic cylinder (5616) is fixedly connected to the limiting baffle (5614). An anti-overflow baffle (5611) is integrally formed on the upper side of the slide (5612), and triangular flexible rubber sheets (564) are provided at the bottom of the middle fixed pusher (562) and the movable shovel (5615).

3. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 2, characterized in that: In the working state, the pusher module (56) descends until the flexible rubber sheet (564) on it contacts the ground, and the movable shovel plate (5615) extends longitudinally to expand the pushing width; in the retracted state, the movable shovel plate (5615) retracts longitudinally, and the pusher module (56) rises to the predetermined protective position. It also includes a mechanical locking mechanism, which is an electric spring pin locking mechanism, a hydraulically driven pin locking mechanism, or a ratchet and pawl locking mechanism. When the pusher module (56) is retracted into place, the mechanical locking mechanism automatically locks, allowing the pusher module (56) to descend only in the unlocked state.

4. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The follow-up support assembly (563) includes a support plate (5631), a support screw (5632), a locking nut (5633), and a support stabilizing roller (5634). The support plate (5631) is fixed to the outer side of the movable shovel plate (5615), and an adjustable support screw (5632) is provided through it. The support screw (5632) is locked to the support plate (5631) by the locking nut (5633), and the support stabilizing roller (5634) is assembled at the lower end of the support screw (5632).

5. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic drive module (54) is symmetrically provided in two sets, including an upper hinge seat (541), a telescopic cylinder (542) and a lower hinge seat (543); the tail end of the telescopic cylinder (542) is hinged to the mounting base module (51) through the upper hinge seat (541), and its output end is hinged to the intermediate fixed pusher (562) through the lower hinge seat (543); The number of lifting and floating drive modules (55) is adapted to the telescopic drive module (54), including lifting cylinder (551), chain (552), chain wheel (553) and connecting lug (554); the lifting cylinder (551) is fixedly installed on the mounting base module (51); one end of the chain (552) is fixed to the output end of the lifting cylinder (551), the middle part passes around the chain wheel (553) set on the mounting base module (51), and the other end is fixed to the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder (542) through the connecting lug (554); When the lifting cylinder (551) retracts, it pulls the pusher module (56) upward through the chain (552); when the lifting cylinder (551) extends, the chain (552) loosens, the pusher module (56) descends by its own weight, and enters a floating state after contacting the ground through the reserved chain slack.

6. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The buffer rotation module (57) includes a base plate (571) and two sets of buffer springs (572); the base plate (571) is located between two sets of telescopic cylinders (542), and its two ends are fixedly connected to the piston rods of the two sets of telescopic cylinders (542); the tail ends of the two sets of buffer springs (572) are hinged to the base plate (571), and their output ends are hinged to the intermediate fixed pusher (562).

7. The dump truck with a rear pusher as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The control system module (52) draws oil from the original vehicle compartment lifting hydraulic system or uses an independent micro electric hydraulic power unit; The control system module (52) is an intrinsically safe PLC controller for mining applications, connected to the original vehicle's CAN bus, and configured as follows: The integrated pusher mechanism (5) is allowed to be activated only when the vehicle is detected to be in neutral and parked; When it is detected that the vehicle is in forward gear, the vehicle speed exceeds the preset threshold, and the integrated pusher mechanism (5) is not in the locked state, an alarm is triggered and the maximum vehicle speed is limited.

8. A control method for a dump truck with a rear pusher, implemented based on a dump truck with a rear pusher as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Including automatic mode steps: S1. After the vehicle enters the loading area and parks, the automatic mode is activated; S2, The control system controls the pusher module to extend backward; S3. Control the telescopic drive module and the lifting and floating drive module to lower the pusher module to contact the ground; S4. Control the movable pusher to extend longitudinally to the predetermined width; S5. The vehicle engages reverse gear and reverses towards the loading point. Simultaneously, the pusher module piles the scattered materials on the ground into the excavator's working area.

9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes manual mode steps: The extension, lifting, and longitudinal extension of the pusher module, as well as the moving pusher, can be controlled via the control panel inside the cab.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes safety interlocking steps: When the vehicle is in drive and the speed exceeds 5 km / h, if the integrated pusher mechanism is not in the retracted and locked state, an audible and visual alarm will be triggered, and the vehicle's maximum speed will be electronically limited to 5 km / h.

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