Wheel bucket excavator main shaft adaptive floating support and load equalization device

Abstract

The application discloses a wheel-bucket excavator main shaft self-adaptive floating support and load equalizing device, which comprises an excavator arm support, a main shaft arranged at the digging end of the excavator arm support, a fixed end bearing seat assembly, a floating end support assembly and a torque compensation mechanism arranged in sequence from left to right on the surface of the excavator arm support below the main shaft, the fixed end bearing seat assembly being arranged at the side of the main shaft close to the wheel bucket, the torque compensation mechanism being arranged at the side of the main shaft close to the driving speed reducer, the floating end support assembly comprising a guide frame and a floating bearing seat, the floating bearing seat being slidingly arranged in the guide frame, and an elastic buffer module being arranged between the lower end of the floating bearing seat and the inner bottom surface of the guide frame. The application introduces a vertical guide floating mechanism at the distal end support point of the main shaft, utilizes the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the elastic element, realizes dynamic redistribution of the radial load, and introduces a reverse torque at the end of the main shaft, thereby effectively offsetting the overturning torque generated by the wheel bucket gravity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bucket wheel excavator technology, and in particular to an adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator. Background Technology

[0002] Bucket wheel excavators, the crown jewel of open-pit mining, represent the highest level of technology in modern continuous excavation equipment. Their core operation lies in the massive bucket assembly, suspended from the boom via a spindle system, undertaking multiple tasks including digging, lifting, and material transport. However, with the expansion of mining scale and the increasing trend towards larger equipment, the reliability of the spindle support system has become increasingly prominent, particularly the issues of uneven load distribution and premature failure of the spindle bearings, which have become key bottlenecks restricting equipment operating rates. During operation, bucket wheel excavators face extremely harsh and variable working environments. The spindle system must not only withstand the enormous static loads of the bucket body, drive unit (motor, reducer), and material inside the bucket, but also cope with the high-frequency impact loads generated when cutting hard rock or frozen soil, as well as the inertial loads from rotation and pitching motions.

[0003] Most existing bucket wheel excavator spindle designs follow the traditional "rigid seat + self-aligning bearing" model. Although self-aligning roller bearings have a certain angular compensation capability, their self-aligning range is often insufficient when faced with large deflection bending deformation of the spindle due to heavy loads.

[0004] When the bending deformation of the spindle exceeds the bearing's self-aligning limit, the rigidly fixed bearing housing restricts the movement of the outer ring, resulting in a forced angle between the inner and outer ring axes. This geometric mismatch triggers a severe "edge effect" within the bearing, where contact stress concentrates in a tiny area at the roller tips and raceway edges. This edge stress not only damages the elastohydrodynamic lubricating film, leading to direct metal-to-metal contact and wear, but also induces the initiation and propagation of microcracks, ultimately causing the bearing to peel off or even break. Furthermore, the rigid connection transmits the elastic waves generated by the boom during excavation vibrations to the precision bearing system without attenuation, further deteriorating its service environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket excavator. A vertically guided floating mechanism is introduced at the far end support point of the main shaft. The nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the elastic element are used to realize the dynamic redistribution of radial load. Furthermore, a reverse torque is introduced at the end of the main shaft to effectively counteract the overturning torque generated by the gravity of the bucket wheel.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: An adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator includes an excavator boom, a rotating main shaft is provided at the excavation end of the excavator boom, a bucket wheel is installed at the left end (output end) of the main shaft, and a drive reducer is connected to the right end. From left to right, the excavator boom surface located below the main shaft is provided with a fixed end bearing housing assembly, a floating end support assembly, and a torque compensation mechanism. The fixed-end bearing housing assembly is located on the side of the main shaft near the bucket wheel, and is used to limit the axial displacement of the main shaft and mainly bear the radial load; The torque compensation mechanism is located on the side of the main shaft near the drive reducer to compensate for the balancing torque that is opposite in direction to the overturning torque generated by the weight of the bucket wheel and the digging resistance. The floating end support assembly includes a guide frame and a floating bearing seat. The guide frame is fixed to the excavator boom, and the floating bearing seat is slidably disposed within the guide frame. An elastic buffer module is provided between the lower end of the floating bearing seat and the inner bottom surface of the guide frame.

[0007] Optionally, the guide frame is U-shaped, with extension plates on the two vertical surfaces at the top of the guide frame, and the main shaft passes through the extension plates and the guide frame without contacting each other. Wear-resistant sliding plates are installed on the inner walls of both sides of the guide frame and the inner wall of the upper extension plate. The wear-resistant sliding plates slide in conjunction with the floating bearing seat.

[0008] Optionally, the elastic buffer module includes a disc spring and a high-damping polyurethane pad. The high-damping polyurethane pad is located below the disc spring, the upper end of the disc spring is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat, and the high-damping polyurethane pad is fixed to the guide frame.

[0009] Optionally, the fixed-end bearing housing assembly includes a fixed bearing housing body and a first double-row self-aligning roller bearing disposed inside the fixed bearing housing body and mating with the main shaft. The fixed bearing housing body is disposed on the surface of the excavator boom.

[0010] Optionally, a self-aligning groove is provided inside the fixed bearing housing body, a first self-aligning washer is installed in the self-aligning groove, and a second self-aligning washer is fitted on the outer circumferential surface of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing, the second self-aligning washer being able to deflect relative to the first self-aligning washer.

[0011] Optionally, the torque compensation mechanism includes a hydraulic support unit, an extended bearing housing, and symmetrically arranged counterweight boxes. The extended bearing housing is equipped with a double-row self-aligning roller bearing that mates with the main shaft, and the counterweight boxes are arranged on both sides of the extended bearing housing. The hydraulic support unit includes a hydraulic support cylinder, the movable end of which is hinged to the lower end face of the extension bearing seat, and the other end is hinged to the excavator boom.

[0012] Optionally, a second double-row self-aligning roller bearing is symmetrically installed inside the floating bearing housing. The inner ring of the second double-row self-aligning roller bearing is fixed to the main shaft. Placement grooves are opened on the inner walls near both ends of the floating bearing housing. Labyrinth seal end caps are installed in the placement grooves and are fixed to the floating bearing housing.

[0013] Optionally, a grease compensation mechanism is provided above the fixed end bearing housing body, and an air intake component for driving the movement of the grease compensation mechanism is installed on the bottom surface of the guide frame. A high-pressure air pipe is connected between the grease compensation mechanism and the air intake component.

[0014] Optionally, the grease compensation mechanism includes an oil injection frame, the bottom plate of which has an injection port communicating with the oil injection hole of the fixed bearing housing body, and a one-way valve is provided in the injection port. The oil filling frame is equipped with a baffle plate. Below the baffle plate is an injection pipe that communicates with the inlet of the one-way valve. Above the baffle plate is a piston plate that slides within the oil filling frame. Lubricating grease is stored between the piston plate and the baffle plate.

[0015] Optionally, the intake assembly includes a support frame with three cavities inside, and a sealing plate is provided on the front side of the support frame. The left inner cavity is the air intake chamber, the middle inner cavity is the compression chamber, and the right inner cavity is the air outlet chamber. The sealing plate seals the compression chamber and the air outlet chamber. An air inlet is left at the air intake chamber, and a dustproof plate is installed at the air inlet position. A cylindrical shell communicating with the inner cavity of the compression chamber is provided on the upper end face of the support frame. A piston rod is slidably arranged inside the cylindrical shell. The upper end of the piston rod is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat. A piston plate two that slides in the compression chamber is provided on the lower end face of the piston rod. A return spring is connected between the piston plate two and the inner bottom surface of the compression chamber. The intake chamber and exhaust chamber are each provided with a mounting hole on the corresponding vertical plate of the compression chamber, which communicates with the compression chamber. A one-way valve 2 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the intake chamber, and a one-way valve 3 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the exhaust chamber.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In this invention, through the adaptive lifting and lowering of the floating bearing seat and the mechanical distribution of the elastic module, when the spindle is tilted under load, the floating bearing seat compresses or releases the elastic module, automatically adjusts the support position, forces the load to return to the design value, and improves the service life of the floating bearing seat. 2. In this invention, by cooperating with the counterweight box and the hydraulic support unit in the torque compensation mechanism, a balancing torque opposite to the overturning torque of the bucket wheel is applied, thereby reducing the bending deformation of the main shaft and the load difference between the bearings at both ends from the source. 3. In this invention, the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the series-connected elastic buffer modules can effectively absorb and dissipate the transient impact energy when digging hard objects, thus protecting the structure of the main shaft, drive reducer and excavator boom. 4. In this invention, when the floating bearing seat floats up and down within the guide frame, the labyrinth seal end cap always follows the floating bearing seat and remains concentric with the main shaft, completely eliminating the risk of seal failure caused by dynamic and static interference and ensuring that the lubricating grease is not contaminated by coal dust. 5. In this invention, when the main shaft bends downward due to the increased overturning moment on the bucket side, the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing will undergo a slight deflection within the fixed bearing housing. At this time, a small portion of the grease inside the fixed bearing housing will be squeezed out. Simultaneously, the floating bearing housing slightly rises, causing the piston rod to rise. The rising piston rod allows outside air to enter the compression chamber through the one-way valve two. Subsequently, the floating bearing housing resets, the piston rod descends, and the piston rod drives the piston plate two to squeeze the air in the compression chamber through the one-way valve three into the air outlet chamber. Then, the air enters the oil filling frame through the high-pressure air pipe, pushing the piston plate one to squeeze the grease, thereby compensating for the grease inside the fixed bearing housing and effectively improving the service life of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the main shaft support system for the bucket excavator of the present invention; Figure 3 In this invention Figure 2 A sectional view; Figure 4 In this invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the details at point A; Figure 5 In this invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the details at point B; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the floating end support assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the torque compensation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the grease compensation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the intake assembly of the present invention; Figure 10 In this invention Figure 9 A sectional view.

[0018] In the diagram, 1. Excavator boom; 2. Spindle; 3. Bucket wheel; 4. Fixed end bearing housing assembly; 5. Floating end support assembly; 6. Torque compensation mechanism; 7. Grease compensation mechanism; 41. Fixed bearing housing body; 42. Self-aligning groove; 43. First self-aligning washer; 431. Second self-aligning washer; 44. First double-row self-aligning roller bearing; 45. Oil injection hole; 51. Guide frame; 511. Extension plate; 512. Limiting block; 52. Floating bearing housing; 521. Placement groove; 53. Second double-row self-aligning roller bearing; 5 4. Elastic buffer module; 55. Labyrinth seal end cap; 56. Wear-resistant sliding plate; 61. Extended bearing seat; 62. Hydraulic support unit; 63. Counterweight box; 71. Oil injection frame; 72. High-pressure air pipe; 73. Air intake assembly; 711. Piston plate one; 712. Partition plate; 713. Injection pipe; 714. One-way valve one; 731. Support frame; 732. Cylindrical shell; 733. Piston rod; 734. Sealing plate; 735. One-way valve two; 736. Return spring; 737. Piston plate two; 738. One-way valve three. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-10 The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention is applied to a cantilever bucket excavator with a rated production rate of 3000t / h. Specifically, it is a bucket excavator main shaft adaptive floating support and load balancing device, including excavator boom 1, excavator boom 1 is provided with a rotating main shaft 2 at the excavation end, the main shaft 2 is a forged steel solid shaft, the left end, i.e. the output end, of the main shaft 2 is equipped with a bucket 3, and the right end is connected to a drive reducer. From left to right, the surface of the excavator boom 1 located below the main shaft 2 is provided with a fixed end bearing housing assembly 4, a floating end support assembly 5, and a torque compensation mechanism 6. The fixed end bearing housing assembly 4 is located on the side of the main shaft 2 near the bucket wheel 3, and is used to limit the axial displacement of the main shaft 2 and mainly bear the radial load; The torque compensation mechanism 6 is located on the side of the main shaft 2 near the drive reducer, and is used to compensate for the balance torque that is opposite in direction to the overturning torque generated by the gravity of the bucket wheel 3 and the digging resistance. A grease compensation mechanism 7 is provided above the fixed end bearing housing assembly 4, and an air intake assembly 73 for driving the movement of the grease compensation mechanism 7 is installed in the floating end support assembly 5.

[0021] The aforementioned drive reducer is existing technology and can be purchased on the market as needed, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0022] like Figure 2-4 As shown, in this embodiment, the fixed end bearing housing assembly 4 includes a fixed bearing housing body 41 and a first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44 disposed inside the fixed bearing housing body 41 and cooperating with the main shaft 2. The fixed bearing housing body 41 passes through the surface of the excavator boom 1 through the enlarged hole by fastening bolts. An elastic bushing is press-fitted into the hole. The bushing consists of inner and outer steel sleeves and a nitrile rubber layer vulcanized in the middle. It allows the fixed bearing housing body 41 to move slightly within ±0.5mm in the horizontal plane, which is used to absorb lateral cutting vibration and prevent the bolt from being broken by shear fatigue. like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, a self-aligning groove 42 is provided inside the fixed bearing housing body 41, and a first self-aligning washer 43 is fixedly installed in the self-aligning groove 42. A second self-aligning washer 431 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44. The second self-aligning washer 431 can deflect relative to the first self-aligning washer 43. When the main shaft 2 bends downward due to excessive load on the side of the wheel bucket 3, the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44 drives the second self-aligning washer 431 to deflect relative to the first self-aligning washer 43 within the range of 0°-0.5°.

[0023] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the floating end support assembly 5 includes a U-shaped guide frame 51 and a floating bearing seat 52. The lower end of the guide frame 51 is fixed to the excavator boom 1 below by bolts. The two vertical surfaces at the upper end of the guide frame 51 are respectively fixed with extension plates 511 by bolts. The main shaft 2 passes through the extension plate 511 and the guide frame 51, and they do not contact each other. The floating bearing seat 52 is slidably disposed within the guide frame 51. An elastic buffer module 54 is provided between the lower end of the floating bearing seat 52 and the inner bottom surface of the guide frame 51. The gravity of the floating bearing seat 52 and the load transmitted are not directly applied to the excavator boom 1, but are transmitted through the elastic buffer module 54 at the bottom.

[0024] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the elastic buffer module 54 includes a disc spring and a high-damping polyurethane pad. The high-damping polyurethane pad is fixedly disposed below the disc spring. The upper end of the disc spring is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat 52. The high-damping polyurethane pad is fixed to the guide frame 51. Disc springs are characterized by high stiffness, large damping, and small space, and can bear most of the static load of spindle 2 and limit the displacement of floating bearing seat 52 to the millimeter range. High-damping polyurethane pads not only provide the necessary damping to dissipate excavation impact energy, but also provide extremely high stiffness under ultimate loads through their incompressible properties, preventing rigid impacts. When bucket wheel 3 is fully loaded for excavation, the huge overturning moment attempts to press down the end of bucket wheel 3 and raise the tail end of main shaft 2. At this time, floating bearing seat 52 tends to move upward under the drive of main shaft 2, and elastic buffer module 54 extends accordingly, reducing the supporting reaction force of floating bearing seat 52.

[0025] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a second double-row self-aligning roller bearing 53 is symmetrically installed inside the floating bearing housing 52. The inner ring of the second double-row self-aligning roller bearing 53 is fixed to the main shaft 2. The inner walls of the floating bearing housing 52 near both ends are provided with placement grooves 521. A labyrinth seal end cap 55 is provided in the placement groove 521. The labyrinth seal end cap 55 is fixed to the floating bearing housing 52 by bolts. When the floating bearing housing 52 floats up and down in the guide frame 51, the labyrinth seal end cap 55 always follows the floating bearing housing 52 and remains concentric with the main shaft 2, completely eliminating the risk of sealing failure caused by dynamic and static interference and ensuring that the grease is not contaminated by coal dust.

[0026] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, wear-resistant sliding plates 56 are installed on the inner walls of both sides of the guide frame 51 and the inner wall of the upper extension plate 511. The wear-resistant sliding plates 56 are JDB-650 type graphite inlaid copper sliding plates. The wear-resistant sliding plates 56 and the outer side of the floating bearing seat 52 form a sliding pair with a dry friction coefficient of less than 0.1. A limit block 512 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the extension plate 511 to limit the maximum vertical upward displacement of the floating bearing seat 52 and prevent the floating bearing seat 52 from coming off the guide frame 51 under extreme reverse load conditions.

[0027] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the torque compensation mechanism 6 includes a hydraulic support unit 62, an extension bearing seat 61, and symmetrically arranged counterweight boxes 63; The extended bearing housing 61 is also equipped with a double-row self-aligning roller bearing that mates with the main shaft 2. The counterweight box 63 is located on the outer side of the extended bearing housing 61 and is rigidly connected to the extended bearing housing 61. The hydraulic support unit 62 includes a hydraulic support cylinder, the movable end of which is hinged to the lower end face of the extension bearing seat 61, and the other end is hinged to the excavator boom 1. The rodless chamber of the hydraulic support cylinder is connected to a bladder-type accumulator with an inflation pressure of 10MPa. When the bucket wheel 3 suddenly cuts into hard rock, the front end of the main shaft 2 drops sharply and the tail end tries to lift up. At this time, the hydraulic support cylinder is stretched, and the hydraulic oil flows at high speed in the pipeline and converts pressure energy in the accumulator. This is equivalent to adding a "hydraulic damper" to the main shaft 2, which greatly attenuates the peak value of digging vibration and protects the bearing from impact damage.

[0028] The hydraulic support cylinder and bladder accumulator mentioned above are existing technologies and will not be drawn in detail here.

[0029] like Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the grease compensation mechanism 7 includes an oil injection frame 71. The bottom plate of the oil injection frame 71 has an injection port that communicates with the oil injection hole 45 of the fixed bearing seat body 41. A one-way valve 714 is fixedly installed in the injection port. The one-way valve 714 can only inject the grease in the oil injection frame 71 through the injection port, and the grease in the fixed bearing seat cannot enter the oil injection frame 71. A partition 712 is fixedly installed inside the oil filling frame 71. An injection pipe 713 connected to the inlet of the one-way valve 714 is fixedly installed below the partition 712. A piston plate 711 that slides inside the oil filling frame 71 is installed above the partition 712. Compensation grease is stored between the piston plate 711 and the partition 712.

[0030] like Figure 9-10 As shown, in this embodiment, the air intake assembly 73 includes a support frame 731 fixed to the bottom surface of the guide frame 51. The support frame 731 has three cavities, and a sealing plate 734 is fixed to the front side of the support frame 731 by bolts. The left inner cavity is the air intake cavity, the middle inner cavity is the compression cavity, and the right inner cavity is the air outlet cavity. The sealing plate 734 seals the compression cavity and the air outlet cavity. An air inlet is left at the air intake cavity, and a dustproof plate is installed at the air inlet. A cylindrical shell 732 communicating with the inner cavity of the compression chamber is fixedly installed on the upper end face of the support frame 731, which is directly opposite to the compression chamber. A piston rod 733 is slidably installed inside the cylindrical shell 732. The upper end of the piston rod 733 is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat 52. The movement of the floating bearing seat 52 drives the movement of the piston rod 733. A piston plate 737 that slides in the compression chamber is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the piston rod 733. A return spring 736 is fixedly connected between the piston plate 737 and the inner bottom surface of the compression chamber. The intake chamber and exhaust chamber are provided with mounting holes communicating with the compression chamber on the corresponding vertical plates. A one-way valve 2 735 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the intake chamber, and a one-way valve 3 738 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the exhaust chamber. Outside air enters the intake chamber through the dustproof plate and then enters the compression chamber through one-way valve 2 735. Air in the compression chamber cannot enter the intake chamber through one-way valve 2 735. Air in the compression chamber can enter the exhaust chamber through one-way valve 3 738. Air in the exhaust chamber cannot enter the compression chamber.

[0031] like Figure 5 and Figure 8As shown, in this embodiment, a connecting pipe communicating with the outside is fixedly provided on the outer side of the air outlet chamber, and a connecting pipe communicating with the outside is also fixedly provided on the upper surface of the oil filling frame 71. A high-pressure air pipe 72 is connected between the two connecting pipes. Gas enters the oil filling frame 71 from the air inlet chamber through the high-pressure air pipe 72, and squeezes the piston plate 711. This causes the grease between the piston plate 711 and the partition plate 712 to enter the oil filling hole 45 at the upper end of the fixed bearing seat body 41 through the injection pipe 713 and the one-way valve 714, thereby compensating for the internal grease and ensuring the normal movement of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44 in the fixed bearing seat body 41.

[0032] The aforementioned one-way valve 714, one-way valve 735 and one-way valve 738 are all prior art and will not be drawn or described in detail here.

[0033] Specifically, when the main shaft 2 bends downward due to the increased overturning moment on the side of the bucket wheel 3, the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44 will undergo a slight deflection within the fixed bearing housing body 41. At this time, a small portion of the grease inside the fixed bearing housing body 41 will be squeezed to the outside. Meanwhile, the floating bearing housing 52 slightly rises, causing the piston rod 733 to rise. The rise of the piston rod 733 allows outside air to enter the compression chamber through the one-way valve 735. Subsequently, the floating bearing housing 52 returns to its original position, and the piston rod 733 descends. The piston rod 733 drives the piston plate 737 to squeeze the air in the compression chamber into the air outlet chamber through the one-way valve 738. Then, the air enters the oil filling frame 71 through the high-pressure air pipe 72, pushing the piston plate 711 to squeeze the grease to compensate for the grease in the fixed bearing housing body 41, effectively improving the service life of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing 44.

[0034] The specification and claims use certain terms to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The term "comprising" throughout the specification and claims is an open-ended term and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system that includes said element.

[0036] The foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of this application. However, as previously stated, it should be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the application concept described herein through the foregoing teachings or techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator, characterized in that: Includes the excavator boom, with a rotating spindle at the excavation end of the boom, a bucket wheel installed at the left end (output end) of the spindle, and a drive reducer connected to the right end; From left to right, the excavator boom surface located below the main shaft is provided with a fixed end bearing housing assembly, a floating end support assembly, and a torque compensation mechanism. The fixed-end bearing housing assembly is located on the side of the main shaft near the bucket wheel, and is used to limit the axial displacement of the main shaft and mainly bear the radial load; The torque compensation mechanism is located on the side of the main shaft near the drive reducer to compensate for the balancing torque that is opposite in direction to the overturning torque generated by the weight of the bucket wheel and the digging resistance. The floating end support assembly includes a guide frame and a floating bearing seat. The guide frame is fixed to the excavator boom, and the floating bearing seat is slidably disposed within the guide frame. An elastic buffer module is provided between the lower end of the floating bearing seat and the inner bottom surface of the guide frame.

2. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide frame is U-shaped, with extension plates on the two vertical surfaces at the top of the guide frame. The main shaft passes through the extension plates and the guide frame, but they do not contact each other. Wear-resistant sliding plates are installed on the inner walls of both sides of the guide frame and the inner wall of the upper extension plate. The wear-resistant sliding plates slide in conjunction with the floating bearing seat.

3. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic buffer module includes a disc spring and a high-damping polyurethane pad. The high-damping polyurethane pad is located below the disc spring. The upper end of the disc spring is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat, and the high-damping polyurethane pad is fixed to the guide frame.

4. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed-end bearing housing assembly includes a fixed bearing housing body and a first double-row self-aligning roller bearing disposed inside the fixed bearing housing body and mating with the main shaft. The fixed bearing housing body is disposed on the surface of the excavator boom.

5. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed bearing housing body has a self-aligning groove inside, and a first self-aligning washer is installed in the self-aligning groove. A second self-aligning washer is fitted on the outer circumference of the first double-row self-aligning roller bearing, and the second self-aligning washer can deflect relative to the first self-aligning washer.

6. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque compensation mechanism includes a hydraulic support unit, an extended bearing housing, and symmetrically arranged counterweight boxes. The extended bearing housing is equipped with a double-row self-aligning roller bearing that mates with the main shaft, and the counterweight boxes are located on both sides of the extended bearing housing. The hydraulic support unit includes a hydraulic support cylinder, the movable end of which is hinged to the lower end face of the extension bearing seat, and the other end is hinged to the excavator boom.

7. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating bearing housing is symmetrically equipped with a second double-row self-aligning roller bearing. The inner ring of the second double-row self-aligning roller bearing is fixed to the main shaft. The inner wall of the floating bearing housing near both ends is provided with a placement groove. A labyrinth seal end cap is installed in the placement groove and is fixed to the floating bearing housing.

8. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: A grease compensation mechanism is provided above the fixed end bearing housing body. An air intake component for driving the movement of the grease compensation mechanism is installed on the bottom surface of the guide frame. A high-pressure air pipe is connected between the grease compensation mechanism and the air intake component.

9. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The grease compensation mechanism includes an oil injection frame. The bottom plate of the oil injection frame has an injection port that communicates with the oil injection hole of the fixed bearing housing body. A one-way valve is installed in the injection port. The oil filling frame is equipped with a baffle plate. Below the baffle plate is an injection pipe that communicates with the inlet of the one-way valve. Above the baffle plate is a piston plate that slides within the oil filling frame. Lubricating grease is stored between the piston plate and the baffle plate.

10. The adaptive floating support and load balancing device for the main shaft of a bucket wheel excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air intake assembly includes a support frame with three cavities inside, and a sealing plate is provided on the front side of the support frame. The left inner cavity is the air intake chamber, the middle inner cavity is the compression chamber, and the right inner cavity is the air outlet chamber. The sealing plate seals the compression chamber and the air outlet chamber. An air inlet is left at the air intake chamber, and a dustproof plate is installed at the air inlet position. A cylindrical shell communicating with the inner cavity of the compression chamber is provided on the upper end face of the support frame. A piston rod is slidably arranged inside the cylindrical shell. The upper end of the piston rod is fixed to the bottom of the floating bearing seat. A piston plate two that slides in the compression chamber is provided on the lower end face of the piston rod. A return spring is connected between the piston plate two and the inner bottom surface of the compression chamber. The intake chamber and exhaust chamber are each provided with a mounting hole on the corresponding vertical plate of the compression chamber, which communicates with the compression chamber. A one-way valve 2 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the intake chamber, and a one-way valve 3 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole of the exhaust chamber.

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