A large fault area lining prestressed cross brace supporting device and supporting method for a hydraulic tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a large fault area lining prestressed cross support method for hydraulic tunnel, and the device adopts a modular assembly structure, comprising a spliced bottom frame, vertical support modules, horizontal support modules, top support modules and end support modules, each support module is provided with an oil hydraulic telescopic part and a spherical hinge structure, the oil hydraulic telescopic pipeline adopts a size tube diameter matching solenoid valve pressure control design to realize accurate prestress control; the support method is implemented based on the device, and the whole process construction of the bottom frame erection, support module assembly, hinge butt joint, attitude calibration, prestress application, later monitoring and disassembly and retreat is completed in turn; the application can be flexibly adapted to various tunnel section sizes, realizes uniform prestress conduction, multi-angle lining section fitting, and is convenient to disassemble and assemble as a whole, can be used repeatedly, can realize real-time pressure compensation and stability maintenance, effectively improves the lining support stability and construction efficiency of the large fault area of the hydraulic tunnel, and is suitable for lining reinforcement construction of various underground hydraulic tunnel fault broken sections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building technology, specifically to a prestressed cross bracing support device and method for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] When hydraulic tunnels traverse large fault zones, the surrounding rock geological conditions are complex, often exhibiting problems such as fractured rock mass, uneven stress distribution, and structural instability, placing extremely high demands on the stability and safety of the tunnel lining structure. Traditional tunnel lining support methods, such as conventional steel supports and shotcrete with anchor bolts, have several technical shortcomings: First, the support structure is mostly rigidly fixed, unable to be flexibly adjusted according to the tunnel cross-section dimensions and the stress state of the surrounding rock, resulting in poor adaptability; second, it is difficult to achieve uniform and controllable prestressing, easily leading to local stress concentration and stress imbalance in the lining, which in turn causes cracking, deformation, and other defects; third, the adaptability of the hinged joints is insufficient, unable to conform to the curved cross-section of the tunnel to achieve multi-angle stress support, resulting in poor support fit and stress stability; fourth, the prestressing adjustment, locking, and subsequent pressure replenishment processes are cumbersome, with low construction efficiency, and it is difficult to quickly remedy pressure loss in the later stages of support, making it impossible to ensure the long-term stability of the lining structure in the fault zone.

[0003] While existing hydraulic support equipment possesses a certain degree of telescopic adjustment capability, it generally suffers from problems such as unreasonable oil pipe diameter design, uneven lifting and advancing speed, non-removable articulated structures, and inconvenient assembly and disassembly of the overall frame. These issues make it difficult to meet the construction requirements of high-precision, high-stability, and controllable prestressed support in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels. Therefore, developing a lining cross brace support device with strong adaptability, precise prestress control, uniform stress distribution, and convenient assembly and disassembly, along with its supporting construction methods, has become an urgent technical challenge to be solved in the construction of fault zones in hydraulic tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of poor adaptability, uneven prestress control, insufficient hinge fit, cumbersome construction and dismantling, and insufficient stability of the lining in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels, the present invention aims to provide a prestressed cross brace support device and method for lining in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels. This device enables flexible assembly of the support structure, multi-angle hinge fit, and precise and controllable prestress application, ensuring uniform stress on the lining and improving the quality and construction efficiency of lining support in fault zones.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention achieves this through the following solution: A prestressed transverse bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to the present invention includes a base frame, which is assembled by splicing transverse and longitudinal beams. The device further includes: At least one set of vertical support modules, the vertical support module including a movable and lockable vertical column installed on the base frame, a first telescopic part installed on the upper end of the vertical column, the first telescopic part controlling the height of the vertical support module, the upper end of which is connected to an upper column, the upper end of which is provided with a first hinge joint. A horizontal support module is vertically connected to a vertical support module via a locking frame. It has a second telescopic part to control the lateral length of the horizontal support module. Both ends of the horizontal support module are provided with second hinge joints. The top support module includes a top beam and a top support assembly. Both the upper column and the top support assembly are movably and lockably installed on the top beam. The upper end of the top support assembly is provided with a third hinge joint. The end support module is provided in multiple parts, and the multiple end support modules are hinged one-to-one with the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint and the third hinge joint.

[0006] Furthermore, both the first and second telescopic parts are hydraulic telescopic structures.

[0007] Furthermore, the hydraulic telescopic structure includes: The cylinder block has a hydraulic chamber; A piston head is disposed within the hydraulic chamber, and the piston head and the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber are sealed by a sealing ring; An oil inlet is located at the top of the hydraulic chamber and is connected to an oil inlet pipe; An oil outlet is located at the lower end of the hydraulic chamber, and the oil inlet is connected to the oil outlet pipe. The diameter of the oil inlet pipe is smaller than that of the oil outlet pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, both the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe are connected to a solenoid valve.

[0009] Furthermore, the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, and the third hinge joint are all spherical groove hinge joints, with spherical heads and spherical grooves corresponding to the end support module.

[0010] Furthermore, the spherical groove joint is a detachable structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the end support module includes: A rotating rod connected to a spherical groove, with a retaining ring at the outer end of the rotating rod; A threaded sleeve is fitted onto the rotating rod, and the threaded sleeve can be threadedly locked with the anchor to make the rotating rod and the anchor abut against each other.

[0012] The present invention discloses a method for prestressed cross bracing support of lining in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels. This method, applied to the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps: S1, Erecting the base frame: Based on the lining section of the tunnel fault zone and the surrounding rock conditions, splice horizontal and longitudinal beams on the reference surface at the bottom of the tunnel to form the base frame, calibrate the levelness, reserve the installation position for the vertical support module, and complete the positioning and locking. S2, Install vertical and horizontal support modules: Install the vertical column in the preset position on the base frame and lock it. Connect the horizontal support module and the vertical support module through the locking frame. Fine-tune the position of the horizontal support module so that the second hinge joint is aligned with the stress point of the side wall. S3, Assemble the top support module and the end support module: Install the top beam to the top of the upper column, adjust the position of the top support component so that the third hinge joint is aligned with the stress point of the arch; insert the ball head of the end support module into the corresponding hinge joint, and then initially tighten the threaded sleeve and the anchor with threads. S4, calibrate the support posture: open the solenoid valve, inject oil at low speed through the oil inlet pipe, fine-tune the stroke of the first telescopic part and the second telescopic part, calibrate the support angle, ensure that the module is completely in contact with the lining body, and then lock the telescopic stroke. S5, Apply prestress: Pressurize and inject oil at a uniform speed according to the design parameters, monitor the oil pressure in real time to ensure uniform transmission of prestress, and lock the solenoid valve to lock the stroke after the prestress reaches the standard. S6, Reinforcement and Monitoring for Decommissioning: Tighten the threaded sleeve to strengthen the connection, monitor the lining deformation and oil pressure in real time, and replenish the pressure in a timely manner; after the lining strength meets the standard, release the pressure and disassemble each module to complete the decommissioning.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention has extremely high adaptability: the base frame and each support module adopt a modular structure, which can flexibly adjust the installation position, support height and lateral span according to the tunnel cross-section size and the stress of the surrounding rock, perfectly adapting to the construction needs of large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels of different specifications.

[0014] This invention features precise prestress control: it employs a hydraulic telescopic structure combined with oil pipes of varying diameters to achieve precise low-speed pressurization and rapid pressure release. Coupled with solenoid valve control, it can accurately control the prestressing application force, monitor pressure replenishment in real time, avoid local stress concentration in the lining, and ensure uniform stress distribution in the lining.

[0015] This invention provides high support fit: it adopts a spherical groove hinge joint and a spherical head matching structure, which can achieve free rotation at multiple angles, perfectly fit the arc-shaped lining section of the tunnel, eliminate the hidden danger of suspended stress, and improve the overall stability of the support structure.

[0016] This invention is easy to assemble and disassemble: the whole device adopts modular assembly and detachable hinge structure, the installation and disassembly process is simple and efficient, it can be reused repeatedly, reducing construction costs, and at the same time, it is convenient for later maintenance and transportation, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0017] This invention provides long-lasting support stability: it features real-time pressure monitoring and automatic pressure replenishment, which can continuously ensure the effectiveness of prestressed support, effectively address the problems of surrounding rock deformation and pressure loss in fault zones, and significantly improve the long-term safety of hydraulic tunnel lining structures. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first telescopic part of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second telescopic part of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the steps of the method of the present invention.

[0022] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Main lining; 2-Large fault zone of hydraulic tunnel; 3-End support module; 4-Anchor; 5-Top beam; 6-Top support assembly; 7-First telescopic section; 8-Horizontal support module; 9-Second telescopic section; 10-Vertical support module; 11-Base frame; 12-Locking frame; 101-Oil outlet; 102-Sealing ring; 103-Hydraulic chamber; 104-Oil inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the scope of protection of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described in this invention are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] Example 1: The specific structure of the present invention is as follows: Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1-3 This embodiment discloses a prestressed horizontal bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels, including a base frame 11. The base frame 11 is assembled by bolts connecting horizontal and longitudinal beams and can be flexibly assembled according to the dimensions of the tunnel bottom. The device also includes a vertical support module 10, a horizontal support module 8, a top support module, and an end support module 3.

[0026] One or more sets of vertical support modules 10 are provided, depending on the width of the tunnel cross section. The vertical support module 10 includes a vertical column and a first telescopic part 7. The vertical column is slidably and lockably installed on the upper part of the base frame 11 to facilitate adjustment of the lateral installation spacing. The first telescopic part 7 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the vertical column to adjust the overall height of the vertical support module 10. The upper end of the first telescopic part 7 is connected to the upper column, and the top of the upper column is fixedly provided with a first hinge joint.

[0027] The horizontal support module 8 is vertically fixed to the middle of the vertical support module 10 by the locking bracket 12 to ensure the rigidity of the connection between the vertical and horizontal supports. The middle of the horizontal support module 8 is provided with a second telescopic part 9 for adjusting the length of the horizontal support. Both ends of the horizontal support module 8 are fixed with a second hinge joint.

[0028] The top support module includes a top beam 5 and a top support component 6. Both the upper column and the top support component 6 are slidably and lockably installed on the lower part of the top beam 5. A third hinge joint is fixedly provided on the upper end of the top support component 6.

[0029] Multiple end support modules 3 are provided, which are respectively hinged to the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint and the third hinge joint. The end support module 3 includes a rotating rod, a retaining ring and a threaded sleeve. One end of the rotating rod is provided with a spherical head that is adapted to the spherical groove hinge joint, and the other end is provided with a retaining ring. The threaded sleeve is fitted on the outside of the rotating rod and is threadedly locked to the pre-embedded anchor 4 inside the lining body 1.

[0030] In this embodiment, both the first telescopic part 7 and the second telescopic part 9 are hydraulic telescopic structures, including a cylinder, a piston head, a sealing ring 102, an oil inlet port 104, and an oil outlet port 101. The cylinder is provided with a hydraulic chamber 103, and the piston head is sealed to the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 103 by the sealing ring 102. The oil inlet port 104 is located at the top of the hydraulic chamber 103 and connects to the oil inlet pipe, and the oil outlet port 101 is located at the lower end of the hydraulic chamber 103 and connects to the oil outlet pipe. The diameter of the oil inlet pipe is smaller than the diameter of the oil outlet pipe, and both oil pipes are equipped with a solenoid valve to achieve precise pressure control and rapid pressure relief.

[0031] In this embodiment, the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, and the third hinge joint are all detachable spherical groove hinge joints, which are adapted to the spherical head at the end of the end support module 3 to achieve free rotation at multiple angles and fit the arc-shaped lining section of the tunnel.

[0032] Example 2: like Figure 4 As shown, this invention provides a method for prestressed cross bracing support of lining in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels. This method, applied to the aforementioned device, includes the following steps: S1. Erect the base frame 11. Based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the lining construction of the large fault zone 2 of the hydraulic tunnel and the stress condition of the surrounding rock, complete the splicing and assembly of the base frame 11 on the lining reference surface at the bottom of the tunnel. Use horizontal and vertical beam bolts to fasten the splicing to form an integral load-bearing base. Calibrate the level of the base frame 11 to ensure that the base frame 11 fits the bottom base surface of the tunnel and is evenly stressed. At the same time, reserve the installation position of the vertical support module 10 to complete the overall positioning and temporary locking of the base frame 11 to prevent displacement and shaking during construction. S2, Install the vertical support module and the horizontal support module. Install the bottom vertical column of the vertical support module 10 to the preset position of the base frame 11. After adjusting the installation position of the vertical column, lock and fix it. Then, use the locking bracket 12 to vertically connect the horizontal support module 8 to the middle of the vertical support module 10 to achieve a rigid connection between the vertical and horizontal support modules. Simultaneously, fine-tune the lateral position of the horizontal support module 8 so that the second hinge joints at both ends are aligned with the stress points of the tunnel sidewall lining. Initially fix the overall frame of the module to ensure that the overall verticality and horizontality of the module meet the construction requirements. S3, assemble the top support module and the end support module, complete the hinged connection, install the top beam 5 of the top support module 5 to the top of the column of the vertical support module 10, adjust the installation position of the top support component 6 on the top beam 5 so that its upper third hinge joint is aligned with the stress point of the tunnel arch lining; insert the spherical head of one end of each end support module 3 into the spherical groove of the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint, and the third hinge joint respectively to complete the hinged fit, then align the threaded sleeve of the other end of the end support module 3 with the anchor 4 embedded in the lining body 1, rotate the threaded sleeve to achieve preliminary thread locking, and let the end support module 3 and the lining body 1 complete the fit connection; S4, fine-tune the travel of the telescopic section, calibrate the support posture, open the solenoid valves of the first telescopic section 7 and the second telescopic section 9, inject oil into the hydraulic chamber 103 at low speed through the oil inlet pipe, fine-tune the travel of the hydraulic telescopic structure, control the height of the vertical support module 10 and the lateral length of the horizontal support module 8, synchronously adapt to the rotation angle of the spherical hinge joint, calibrate the support angle of the end support module 3, and ensure that each module is completely in contact with the lining body 1 and there is no suspended force. Then temporarily close the solenoid valves of the oil inlet and outlet pipes to lock the initial travel of each telescopic section. S5, by increasing the oil pressure through oil injection, the lining body 1 is subjected to uniform stress. According to the preset prestress parameters, oil is injected at a uniform speed through the oil inlet pipe into the hydraulic chambers 103 of the first telescopic part 7 and the second telescopic part 9. The oil pressure drives the piston head to lift and push synchronously, and the prestress is evenly transferred to the side walls, arch and bottom of the lining body 1 through each support module. During the oil injection and pressurization process, the oil pressure value is monitored in real time to ensure that the oil pressure at each point is balanced and to avoid local stress concentration. After the prestress reaches the design standard, the solenoid valve is locked to lock the stroke of the hydraulic telescopic structure and complete the application of prestress. S6, Support Locking and Post-Construction Monitoring: Further tighten the threaded sleeve of the end support module 3 to strengthen the clamping force between the rotating rod and the anchor 4, and reinforce the overall support structure; After construction, monitor the deformation of the lining body 1 and the internal pressure of the hydraulic chamber 103 in real time. If pressure loss occurs, replenish the pressure in time through the oil inlet pipe to ensure the stability of the prestressed support effect of the lining in the fault zone; After the strength of the lining structure reaches the standard, release the pressure through the oil outlet pipe, disassemble each module and complete the exit from the site.

[0033] In summary, this invention has extremely high adaptability: the base frame and each support module adopt a modular structure, which can flexibly adjust the installation position, support height and lateral span according to the tunnel cross-section size and the stress of the surrounding rock, perfectly adapting to the construction needs of large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels of different specifications.

[0034] This invention features precise prestress control: it employs a hydraulic telescopic structure combined with oil pipes of varying diameters to achieve precise low-speed pressurization and rapid pressure release. Coupled with solenoid valve control, it can accurately control the prestressing application force, monitor pressure replenishment in real time, avoid local stress concentration in the lining, and ensure uniform stress distribution in the lining.

[0035] This invention provides high support fit: it adopts a spherical groove hinge joint and a spherical head matching structure, which can achieve free rotation at multiple angles, perfectly fit the arc-shaped lining section of the tunnel, eliminate the hidden danger of suspended stress, and improve the overall stability of the support structure.

[0036] This invention is easy to assemble and disassemble: the whole device adopts modular assembly and detachable hinge structure, the installation and disassembly process is simple and efficient, it can be reused repeatedly, reducing construction costs, and at the same time, it is convenient for later maintenance and transportation, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0037] This invention provides long-lasting support stability: it features real-time pressure monitoring and automatic pressure replenishment, which can continuously ensure the effectiveness of prestressed support, effectively address the problems of surrounding rock deformation and pressure loss in fault zones, and significantly improve the long-term safety of hydraulic tunnel lining structures.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prestressed cross bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels, comprising a base frame (11), the base frame (11) being assembled by splicing transverse and longitudinal beams, characterized in that, The device further includes: At least one set of vertical support modules (10), the vertical support module (10) includes a movable and lockable vertical column installed on the base frame (11), a first telescopic part (7) installed on the upper end of the vertical column, the first telescopic part (7) controls the height of the vertical support module (10), its upper end is connected to an upper column, and the upper end of the upper column is provided with a first hinge joint. The horizontal support module (8) is vertically connected to the vertical support module (10) via a locking frame (12). It has a second telescopic part (9) to control the lateral length of the horizontal support module (8). Both ends of the horizontal support module (8) are provided with second hinge joints. The top support module (5) includes a top beam (5) and a top support assembly (6). The upper column and the top support assembly (6) are movably and lockably installed on the top beam (5). The upper end of the top support assembly (6) is provided with a third hinge joint. The end support module (3) is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple end support modules (3) are hinged one-to-one with the first hinge joint, the second hinge joint and the third hinge joint.

2. The prestressed cross bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first telescopic part (7) and the second telescopic part (9) are hydraulic telescopic structures.

3. The prestressed cross bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydraulic telescopic structure includes: The cylinder block has a hydraulic chamber (103). A piston head is provided in the hydraulic chamber (103), and the piston head and the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber (103) are sealed by a sealing ring (102); An oil inlet port (104) is located at the top of the hydraulic chamber, and the oil inlet port (104) is connected to the oil inlet pipe; An oil outlet (101) is provided at the lower end of the hydraulic chamber, and an oil inlet (104) is connected to an oil outlet pipe. The diameter of the oil inlet pipe is smaller than that of the oil outlet pipe.

4. The prestressed cross bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the inlet and outlet oil pipes are connected to solenoid valves.

5. A prestressed cross brace support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hinge joint, the second hinge joint and the third hinge joint are all spherical groove hinge joints, and the spherical head and spherical groove are provided to match the end support module (3).

6. A prestressed cross bracing support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spherical groove joint is a detachable structure.

7. A prestressed cross brace support device for lining large fault zones in hydraulic tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end support module (3) includes: A rotating rod connected to a spherical groove, with a retaining ring at the outer end of the rotating rod; A threaded sleeve is fitted onto the rotating rod, and the threaded sleeve can be threadedly locked with the anchor (4) so ​​that the rotating rod and the anchor (4) abut against each other.

8. A method for prestressed cross bracing support of lining in large fault zones of hydraulic tunnels, characterized in that, This method is applied to the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, This method Includes the following steps: S1, Erect the base frame (11): Based on the lining section of the tunnel fault zone and the surrounding rock conditions, splice the horizontal and vertical beams on the reference surface at the bottom of the tunnel to form the base frame (11), calibrate the levelness, reserve the installation position of the vertical support module (10), and complete the positioning and locking. S2, Install vertical and horizontal support modules: Install the vertical column in the preset position of the base frame (11) and lock it. Connect the horizontal support module (8) and the vertical support module (10) through the locking frame (12). Fine-tune the position of the horizontal support module (8) so that the second hinge joint is aligned with the side wall stress point. S3, Assemble the top support module and the end support module (3): Install the top beam (5) to the top of the upper column, adjust the position of the top support component (6) so that the third hinge joint is aligned with the arch stress point; insert the ball head of the end support module (3) into the corresponding hinge joint, and then initially thread the threaded sleeve and the anchor (4); S4, calibrate the support posture: open the solenoid valve, inject oil at low speed through the oil inlet pipe, finely adjust the stroke of the first telescopic part (7) and the second telescopic part (9), calibrate the support angle, ensure that the module and the lining body (1) are completely in contact, and then lock the telescopic stroke; S5, Apply prestress: Pressurize and inject oil at a uniform speed according to the design parameters, monitor the oil pressure in real time to ensure uniform transmission of prestress, and lock the solenoid valve to lock the stroke after the prestress reaches the standard. S6, Reinforcement and Monitoring for Decommissioning: Tighten the threaded sleeve to strengthen the connection, monitor the lining deformation and oil pressure in real time, and replenish the pressure in a timely manner; after the lining strength meets the standard, release the pressure and disassemble each module to complete the decommissioning.

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