Diagnostic method for a vehicle and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a diagnosis method and a vehicle, which are applied to a vehicle body domain controller. The method collects a target electronic device contact area temperature, a power supply voltage and a pulse driving signal, extracts a frequency domain main frequency after pre-processing of the pulse driving signal; compensating coefficients are respectively calculated based on the contact temperature and the power supply voltage, a compensation frequency is obtained by correcting the main frequency, and a frequency drop rate is calculated in combination with a reference frequency; and four grades of health levels are divided according to the frequency drop rate according to multistage threshold values. The application eliminates the influence of working condition interference on frequency detection through temperature and voltage compensation, quantifies the oxidation deterioration degree of the contact by relying on the frequency attenuation amplitude, realizes online accurate state diagnosis of the target electronic device, overcomes the defects that the traditional scheme cannot monitor the horn fault in advance, and improves the accuracy of horn state detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive electrical technology, and particularly relates to a vehicle diagnostic method and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As a modern means of transportation, automobiles typically consist of a power system, chassis system, body system, and electronic and electrical systems. The electronic and electrical systems, as a crucial component of the vehicle, undertake key functions such as signal indication, safety warnings, and control interaction. Among these, onboard mechanical sound-generating devices, such as electric horns and reversing buzzers, are core electrical components that ensure vehicle driving safety and provide roadside warnings, and are widely used in various passenger and commercial vehicles. Onboard mechanical sound-generating devices rely on the self-excited oscillation of electromagnets and mechanical contacts to produce sound. Due to their simple structure, low cost, and high reliability, they have long been widely used in the automotive industry.

[0003] Current mainstream automotive mechanical sound-generating devices exhibit significant drawbacks during long-term use: the complex operating environment of vehicles makes the contacts prone to surface oxidation under harsh conditions such as humidity and sulfur content; simultaneously, the electric arc generated during the switching of contacts causes metal spatter and contamination of the contact surface, leading to a continuous increase in contact resistance. These problems gradually cause malfunctions such as abnormal horn operation, sound attenuation, delayed response, or even complete failure, directly impacting vehicle driving safety and road traffic efficiency.

[0004] Current automotive electrical systems lack online monitoring, fault warning, and proactive repair mechanisms for the operational status of onboard mechanical sound-generating devices. When these devices malfunction, drivers typically only discover the problem passively after they have completely failed, unable to predict contact degradation trends in advance. Furthermore, there are no effective technical solutions for self-repairing oxidized and contaminated contacts, making it difficult to meet the development needs of intelligent and preventative maintenance in automotive electronic and electrical systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a vehicle diagnostic method and a vehicle. By collecting the operating frequency of the target electronic device and combining it with environmental parameters and vehicle status for feature analysis and compensation calculation, a health level judgment mechanism based on the frequency decline rate is constructed and controllable self-repair is implemented under safety constraints. This achieves accurate diagnosis of the deterioration state of the mechanical contact horn and active repair of oxidation pollution, effectively solving the problems of easy oxidation failure of contacts, lack of early fault warning, lack of autonomous repair means leading to low horn reliability and passive and delayed maintenance in the prior art.

[0006] Firstly, a diagnostic method for a vehicle is provided, applied to a body domain controller, the method comprising: Collect the contact area temperature, power supply voltage, and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device in the vehicle; The pulse drive signal is preprocessed to extract the main frequency of the pulse drive signal in the frequency domain; The compensation frequency is calculated based on the main frequency, contact area temperature and power supply voltage, and the frequency drop rate of the compensation frequency is calculated based on the preset reference frequency. The health status level of the target electronic device is determined by judging the frequency decline rate based on the threshold condition.

[0007] In this embodiment, by synchronously acquiring pulse drive signals, power supply voltage, and contact area temperature during the operation of the target electronic device, the original operating parameters, including operating condition interference and actual performance, can be obtained. The automotive target electronic device relies on the switching of electromagnetic coils to drive contact vibration and produce sound. Fluctuations in the power supply voltage will directly change the excitation intensity of the electromagnetic coil, causing a change in the vibration period, which in turn causes the main frequency of the target electronic device to shift. At the same time, changes in the contact area temperature will change the contact resistance of the metal contacts, the stiffness of the elastic components, and the coil impedance, causing a shift in the vibration response speed and switching sequence, which will also cause the main frequency of the target electronic device to deviate from its natural frequency. Therefore, the main frequency cannot directly reflect the true operating frequency of the speaker body. The compensation frequency, calculated based on the main frequency, supply voltage, and contact area temperature, eliminates the influence of voltage and temperature. This eliminates frequency deviations caused by external operating conditions, allowing the compensation frequency to accurately represent the inherent operating frequency of the target electronic device. Mechanical contact electronic devices experience a continuous increase in contact resistance due to contact oxidation, contamination, and ablation during use, leading to a gradual decrease in operating frequency. The magnitude of frequency reduction is positively correlated with the degree of contact degradation. Therefore, the frequency decline rate calculated based on the compensation frequency and a pre-calibrated reference frequency objectively and accurately reflects the degree of degradation and health status of the target electronic device's contacts. Finally, the health status level of the target electronic device is determined based on the numerical range of the frequency decline rate, enabling precise, stable, and online diagnosis of the target electronic device's health status.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the compensation frequency is calculated based on the main frequency, the contact area temperature, and the power supply voltage, including: Obtain a reference temperature and calculate a temperature compensation coefficient based on the difference between the temperature of the contact area and the reference temperature; Obtain a reference voltage, and perform a square root per unit operation on the supply voltage based on the reference voltage to obtain the voltage compensation coefficient; The compensation frequency is obtained by calculating the product of the main frequency, the temperature compensation coefficient, and the voltage compensation coefficient.

[0009] In this embodiment, by calculating the voltage compensation coefficient based on the power supply voltage and the temperature compensation coefficient based on the contact area temperature, and then multiplying the main frequency by the two types of compensation coefficients in sequence to obtain the compensation frequency, the effects of voltage fluctuation and temperature drift on the main frequency can be independently decoupled. The voltage compensation coefficient is used to correct the frequency shift caused by the change in excitation intensity, and the temperature compensation coefficient is used to correct the frequency shift caused by the change in impedance, stiffness and contact resistance. The sequential action of the two can completely eliminate the interference of the working condition, so that the compensation frequency retains only the inherent working frequency determined by the contact state, thereby further improving the accuracy of frequency calculation and the reliability of state determination.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, determining the health status level of the target electronic device by judging the frequency decline rate based on a threshold condition includes: If the frequency drop rate is lower than the first threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the first level; If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the second level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the second threshold and lower than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the third level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be level four. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold increase sequentially.

[0011] In this embodiment, by setting progressively increasing first, second, and third thresholds, and relying on the frequency decay rate, a four-level health status classification is completed. This allows for the quantitative and stratified assessment of the progressive damage process of target electronic device contacts, from slight oxidation and moderate carbon buildup to severe degradation and near-failure. Unlike existing technologies that lack quantitative evaluation standards and only detect faults after complete speaker failure, this solution directly links the degree of contact degradation to the frequency attenuation index. By relying on multi-level thresholds, it achieves a refined breakdown of degradation trends. This not only accurately identifies early-stage minute degradation of contacts and preserves an early intervention window, but also provides timely warnings for severe failures, avoiding the problems of delayed warnings or false alarms caused by single-point threshold judgments. By classifying health status, a clear data basis is provided for subsequent targeted activation of self-repair control logic, enabling phased health management of the target electronic device throughout its entire lifecycle. This effectively improves the accuracy of fault prediction and the standardization of hierarchical management of target electronic devices.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, some implementations of the first aspect also include: When the health status level of the target electronic device is level two or three, the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time are obtained, and it is determined whether the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time meet the set safety conditions. If the set safety conditions are met, the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device is controlled to perform self-repair, and the number of repairs is recorded.

[0013] In this embodiment, after determining that the target electronic device is at the second or third warning level, multiple safety conditions, including vehicle operating status, power supply voltage, contact temperature, and repair cooling time, are first verified. Self-repair is only initiated and the number of repairs is counted when all safety conditions are met. This pre-emptive safety screening mechanism can prevent the self-repair pulse from being accidentally triggered under dangerous conditions such as vehicle operation, voltage depletion, high contact temperature, and frequent repairs in a short period of time. This prevents the self-repair pulse from accidentally triggering horn noises that interfere with driving safety, and also avoids contact erosion and coil damage caused by overvoltage, overcurrent, and heat accumulation. The self-repair mechanism, which initiates when the target electronic device is at the second or third warning level, can intervene in the early stages of contact deterioration, realizing a shift from passive failure handling to proactive preventive repair, and improving the service life and operational stability of the target electronic device.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, controlling the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device to perform self-repair includes: The power conversion circuit boosts the supply voltage to a preset target voltage value and boosts the supply current of the target electronic device to a preset target current value. Control the target electronic device to execute the first trigger.

[0015] In this embodiment, the power supply voltage and output current are boosted to a preset target value by a power conversion circuit to trigger the target electronic device. The boosted electrical energy forms a controllable electric arc in the contact gap. The instantaneous high temperature of the electric arc melts and vaporizes the oxide layer and carbonaceous contaminants on the contact surface, thereby improving the contact resistance and repairing the conductivity of the contact without disassembling the speaker body.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device performs self-repair, and after a set delay, controls the target electronic device to execute a second trigger and collects the contact area temperature, power supply voltage and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device. The repair frequency is extracted based on the pulse drive signal, and the recovery rate of the repair frequency is calculated. The voltage waveform sequence is obtained based on the supply voltage, and the harmonic distortion rate is calculated based on the voltage waveform sequence. If the recovery rate is greater than the recovery threshold and the harmonic distortion rate is less than the initial value, then the health status level of the target electronic device is configured as the first level. Otherwise, the health status level of the target electronic device is configured according to the number of repairs.

[0017] In this embodiment, a second detection is triggered after a set delay following the completion of the repair, allowing sufficient cooling and circuit transient recovery time to eliminate interference from residual heat and voltage fluctuations on the test data, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of parameter acquisition after repair. The repair effectiveness is comprehensively verified from two dimensions: frequency recovery amplitude and waveform distortion degree, by calculating the recovery rate based on the repair frequency and calculating the harmonic distortion rate based on the waveform sequence. The joint judgment of the two indicators can avoid the judgment bias caused by relying solely on the frequency value and solve the problem of missing hidden faults such as "frequency meets the standard but waveform distortion caused by micro-gaps at the contact points and abnormal horn sound". For scenarios where the repair does not meet the standard, the health level is dynamically adjusted based on the number of historical repairs, forming a closed-loop management of repair-verification-status update, and optimizing the vehicle maintenance prompt logic.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the harmonic distortion rate is calculated based on the voltage waveform sequence, including: Perform a Fast Fourier Transform on the voltage waveform sequence to extract the fundamental amplitude and the amplitudes of each harmonic. The harmonic distortion rate is obtained by calculating the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the amplitudes of each harmonic to the amplitude of the fundamental wave.

[0019] In this embodiment, the fundamental and harmonic amplitudes are extracted by performing an FFT transform on the voltage waveform. The harmonic distortion rate is quantified by the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the harmonic amplitudes to the fundamental amplitude. This transforms the waveform distortion degree into a quantifiable objective value, eliminating errors caused by subjective human judgment of waveform quality. Quantitative indicators facilitate precise quantification of contact improvement effects, intuitively reflecting oscillation distortion problems caused by contact burrs and poor local contact, standardizing and reproducible waveform stability assessment, and further improving the rigor of repair result judgment.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, configuring the health status level of the target electronic device based on the number of repairs includes: Based on the health status level of the target electronic device, obtain the threshold for the number of attempts; When the number of repair attempts reaches the threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is improved; Otherwise, maintain the health status level of the target electronic device.

[0021] In this embodiment, a specific threshold for the number of attempts is configured according to each health level. Once the cumulative number of repair attempts at a single level reaches the limit, the fault level is upgraded; otherwise, the original state is maintained. This mechanism avoids endless, repeated self-repairs of irreversibly deteriorated contacts, preventing multiple pulse impacts from exacerbating contact thermal damage and device aging. Simultaneously, it reserves a reasonable number of repair retries for mildly deteriorated contacts, taking into account self-healing tolerance. After the level is upgraded, the driver can be promptly reminded to bring the device in for inspection and replacement, achieving reasonable resource allocation and fault classification reporting.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the temperature of the contact area, and the power supply current of the target electronic device are collected in real time. Determine whether the vehicle's operating status, the power supply voltage, the temperature of the contact area, and the power supply current of the target electronic device meet the set safety protection conditions; If the conditions are met, the diagnostic method for the vehicle is stopped.

[0023] In this embodiment, vehicle operating conditions, power supply voltage, contact temperature, and circuit current are collected in real time throughout the entire process. Safety protection thresholds are compared in real time, and the diagnostic process is immediately terminated upon triggering an anomaly. This forms a dynamic fallback protection system covering the entire self-repair and online diagnostic lifecycle. It can quickly shut down the system in the event of sudden risks such as vehicle malfunctions, power supply anomalies, contact overheating, or circuit overcurrent. It avoids safety hazards such as overheating, wiring overload, and unexpected horn blasts in real time during operation, constructing a multi-layered protection system and improving the operational stability and overall vehicle electrical safety of the entire diagnostic self-repair system.

[0024] In a second aspect, a vehicle is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the diagnostic method for the vehicle as described above.

[0025] Thirdly, a condition diagnostic system for automotive target electronic devices is provided, applied to vehicles, including: The acquisition module is configured to trigger the target electronic device to operate, and to synchronously acquire the main frequency, power supply voltage and contact area temperature of the target electronic device during the operation of the target electronic device; A compensation calculation module is connected to the acquisition module to receive the main frequency, power supply voltage, and contact area temperature; the compensation calculation module is configured to calculate a compensation frequency to eliminate the influence of voltage and temperature based on the main frequency, power supply voltage, and contact area temperature. A frequency analysis module is connected to the compensation calculation module to receive the compensation frequency; the frequency analysis module is configured to calculate the frequency descent rate based on the compensation frequency and a pre-calibrated reference frequency. A status determination module is connected to the frequency analysis module to receive the frequency decay rate; the status determination module is configured to determine the health status level of the target electronic device based on the numerical range of the frequency decay rate.

[0026] Fourthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the vehicle diagnostic method of the first aspect described above.

[0027] Fifthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code, the computer program code being executed by one or more processors, wherein when the computer program code is executed on the processor, an apparatus including the one or more processors performs the vehicle diagnostic method of the first aspect described above.

[0028] In a sixth aspect, a chip system is provided, the chip system including a processor for calling a computer program or computer instructions stored in a memory, so that the processor performs the vehicle diagnostic method of the first aspect described above.

[0029] In a seventh aspect, an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it causes the electronic device to implement the vehicle diagnostic method of the first aspect.

[0030] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more apparent, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is an illustrative flowchart of the vehicle diagnostic method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 .

[0033] Figure 2 This is an illustrative flowchart of the vehicle diagnostic method according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 .

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the self-repair process in the vehicle diagnostic method of this application embodiment.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the repair verification process in the vehicle diagnostic method of this application embodiment.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a condition diagnostic system for automotive target electronic devices according to an embodiment of this application.

[0037] In the above diagrams: 100, acquisition module; 200, compensation calculation module; 300, frequency analysis module; 400, status determination module. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" used in this embodiment are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. Furthermore, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0041] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system.

[0042] As a core transportation tool in modern road traffic, automobiles typically consist of four main parts: the powertrain, chassis, body, and electronic / electrical systems. The electronic / electrical system integrates multiple functions such as power management, signal indication, safety warnings, and vehicle control, and is a crucial component ensuring normal vehicle operation and road interaction. Target electronic devices within the electronic / electrical system can be in-vehicle mechanical sound-emitting devices such as electric horns, reversing buzzers, seatbelt reminder buzzers, and door opening warning buzzers. As key safety warning components within the electronic / electrical system, these are widely installed in various passenger and commercial vehicles to issue warning signals to surrounding vehicles and pedestrians during driving, avoiding traffic risks and improving road interaction efficiency.

[0043] Currently, most vehicles use mechanical contact-type onboard mechanical sound-generating devices. Their main structure includes an electromagnetic coil, stationary contact, moving contact, diaphragm, armature, and housing. The working principle of this type of sound-generating device is as follows: the vehicle's power supply system provides operating voltage to the electromagnetic coil. Current flowing through the coil generates electromagnetic attraction. Under this attraction, the armature drives the moving contact to separate from the stationary contact, cutting off the coil's power supply circuit. After the coil loses power, the electromagnetic attraction disappears, and the moving contact re-closes with the stationary contact under the action of a reset elastic force, restoring the power supply circuit. Through the periodic self-excited oscillation of this switching process, the diaphragm vibrates continuously, pushing air to produce sound, thus achieving the continuous warning function of the sound-generating device.

[0044] During long-term use, the humid, sulfur-containing, and dusty driving environment of the vehicle will cause oxide and sulfide layers to gradually form on the contact surface. At the same time, the contact will generate an electric arc discharge at each moment of opening and closing. The high temperature of the electric arc will cause the contact metal to melt, splash, and carbonize, which will then form a high-resistivity oxide layer, carbon deposit layer and contaminant layer on the contact surface.

[0045] The conductivity of the material produced by the aforementioned phenomenon is far lower than that of the base metal, directly leading to a significant increase in contact resistance. With increased contact resistance, the effective operating current of the coil circuit decreases, the electromagnetic attraction weakens, the response speed of contact engagement and disengagement slows down, and the oscillation driving force is insufficient. This results in a lengthened period of self-excited oscillation, a decrease in vibration intensity, and a deterioration in frequency stability. Ultimately, this manifests as a shift in the operating frequency of the sound-producing device, attenuation of sound intensity, abnormal timbre, and lag in response. When the contact resistance rises to a certain level, the coil cannot obtain sufficient current to generate effective attraction, the contacts cannot complete normal switching, the oscillation process is completely interrupted, the horn will completely fail, and vehicle driving safety will be severely compromised.

[0046] In existing technologies, vehicle electrical systems only implement on / off drive control of sound-generating devices, lacking functions such as online monitoring of the operating status of mechanical contact-type sound-generating devices, quantitative diagnosis of degradation levels, early fault warning, and proactive repair. Due to the lack of a real-time acquisition and analysis mechanism for parameters such as operating frequency, contact status, and environmental conditions, the control system cannot identify early degradation trends such as contact oxidation, contamination, and ablation. It can only be passively discovered by the driver after the sound-generating device exhibits obvious abnormalities or complete failure, making early fault prediction and preventative maintenance difficult. Furthermore, existing solutions lack the ability to autonomously remove contact oxide layers and contaminants. When contact degradation causes malfunctions, repairs can only be performed by disassembling and replacing the entire sound-generating device, resulting in high maintenance costs and poor timeliness, failing to meet the development needs of intelligent, highly reliable, and full lifecycle management for automotive electronic and electrical systems.

[0047] To address the above problems, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle diagnostic method, a diagnostic system, and the application of the diagnostic system in a vehicle.

[0048] Based on the above application scenarios, this application provides a vehicle diagnostic method.

[0049] Figure 1 This is an illustrative flowchart of a vehicle diagnostic method provided in this embodiment. Figure 1 This method is applicable to the body domain controller in a vehicle. The method includes the following steps.

[0050] S1. Collect the contact area temperature, power supply voltage, and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device in the vehicle.

[0051] It should be noted that the target electronic device can be triggered by receiving a signal from the driver operating the horn switch or by the vehicle controller actively issuing a test command. When the horn is triggered and enters a stable sound output state, the system initiates the synchronous data acquisition process.

[0052] The pulse drive signal is a square wave signal of the loop voltage generated by the alternating switching of the target electronic device's coil. The periodic closing and opening of the target electronic device's contacts causes the power supply loop to repeatedly conduct and close, thereby generating a continuous pulse drive signal on the drive circuit. The vehicle domain controller is connected in parallel across the horn power supply branch via an external sampling circuit to pick up the loop voltage change waveform in real time. After filtering out line noise interference by hardware RC filtering, the pulse drive signal is acquired and buffered, achieving reliable acquisition of the original pulse drive signal.

[0053] Regarding the power supply voltage, the vehicle domain controller collects the input voltage at the speaker power supply terminal in real time through a voltage sampling resistor or voltage acquisition module to obtain the actual operating voltage provided by the current vehicle power system to the target electronic devices. It should be noted that the target electronic devices are conventional 12V low-voltage electrical devices used in vehicles, which are powered by the vehicle's low-voltage battery. Therefore, the power supply voltage can also be obtained by directly acquiring the low-voltage battery terminal voltage.

[0054] For the temperature of the contact area, the vehicle domain controller collects the temperature through a temperature sensor mounted near the contact bracket of the target electronic device. The temperature sensor converts the real-time temperature of the contact area into an electrical signal and transmits it to the controller to obtain the true temperature of the contact working environment.

[0055] S2. Preprocess the pulse drive signal to extract the main frequency of the pulse drive signal in the frequency domain.

[0056] Specifically, the acquired pulse drive signal is first processed by the preprocessing unit built into the vehicle domain controller to reduce noise, filtering out waveform distortion caused by vehicle wiring harness coupling interference and power supply spike noise; after selecting continuous and complete effective time-domain pulse data, the time-domain pulse waveform is converted into the corresponding frequency domain spectrum using fast Fourier transform, and the frequency corresponding to the highest amplitude point in the spectrum is the main frequency corresponding to the operation of the target electronic device.

[0057] S3. Calculate the compensation frequency based on the main frequency, contact area temperature and power supply voltage, and calculate the frequency drop rate of the compensation frequency based on the preset reference frequency.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, calculating the compensation frequency based on the main frequency, contact area temperature, and power supply voltage includes: Obtain a reference temperature and calculate a temperature compensation coefficient based on the difference between the temperature of the contact area and the reference temperature; Obtain a reference voltage, and perform a square root per unit operation on the supply voltage based on the reference voltage to obtain the voltage compensation coefficient; The compensation frequency is obtained by calculating the product of the main frequency, the temperature compensation coefficient, and the voltage compensation coefficient.

[0059] Specifically, voltage compensation coefficient ; in, This refers to the power supply voltage. The reference voltage is usually manually set to 12.6V. The voltage compensation coefficient is based on the standard supply voltage of 12.6V of the vehicle system. It corrects the influence of supply voltage fluctuations on the excitation intensity of the electromagnetic coil by square root per unit calculation, so that the frequency data under different supply voltages are normalized to the standard operating conditions.

[0060] Temperature compensation coefficient ; in, Temperature of the contact area; The reference temperature is typically set to 25°C. The temperature compensation coefficient, based on the reference temperature, eliminates the effects of temperature changes on coil impedance, contact resistance, and stiffness of elastic components through linear correction, compensating for frequency deviations caused by temperature drift.

[0061] Compensation frequency ; in, The main frequency. Based on this, through voltage compensation coefficient With temperature compensation coefficient The measured frequency is corrected in steps, and the frequency data collected under different power supply voltage and temperature conditions are uniformly normalized to the standard operating conditions. This eliminates the frequency offset caused by external operating condition fluctuations, so that the compensation frequency only reflects the inherent operating frequency of the target electronic device determined by the contact state.

[0062] It should be noted that the main frequency of the target electronic device is easily affected by fluctuations in the power supply voltage and changes in the temperature of the contact area, causing it to deviate from its natural frequency. When the power supply voltage deviates from the nominal value, the excitation intensity of the electromagnetic coil changes with the square root of the voltage, resulting in changes in the contact switching driving force and shift in the oscillation period. At the same time, temperature changes will alter the coil impedance, contact resistance, and stiffness of the elastic components, causing the switching sequence and response speed to drift. The combined effect of these two factors will result in the measured frequency not being able to directly reflect the contact state.

[0063] In this embodiment, by calculating the voltage compensation coefficient based on the supply voltage and the temperature compensation coefficient based on the contact area temperature, and then multiplying the main frequency by the two types of compensation coefficients in sequence to obtain the compensation frequency, the effects of voltage fluctuations and temperature drift on the main frequency can be independently decoupled: the voltage compensation coefficient, through square root correction based on the standard voltage, normalizes the frequency data under different supply voltages to the standard excitation condition, eliminating the influence of voltage on the electromagnetic driving force; the temperature compensation coefficient, through linear correction based on the standard temperature, compensates for the influence of temperature changes on impedance, stiffness, and contact resistance, eliminating the frequency deviation caused by temperature drift; the sequential action of the two can completely isolate external operating condition interference, so that the compensation frequency retains only the inherent operating frequency determined by the contact state, thereby greatly improving the frequency calculation accuracy, providing reliable basic data for subsequent steps, and effectively avoiding diagnostic misjudgments caused by operating condition interference.

[0064] In one embodiment of this application, the frequency descent rate of the compensation frequency is calculated based on a preset reference frequency.

[0065] It should be noted that the reference frequency (i.e., the reference frequency) The pre-calibration process, which involves system initialization and benchmark learning, involves the following steps: After powering on, the system first checks if it is in its first-time use state. If so, the system guides the user to press the horn three times consecutively, each press lasting two seconds, with a three-second interval between each press, to ensure stable horn operation during each measurement. During each press, the system simultaneously acquires the pulse drive signal, supply voltage, and contact area temperature of the target electronic device using the aforementioned method. It extracts the dominant frequency of the pulse drive signal in the frequency domain and calculates the corresponding compensation frequency. Then, an outlier removal algorithm is used to remove abnormal data caused by fluctuations in operating conditions or signal interference in a single measurement, resulting in three valid compensation frequency measurements. The arithmetic mean of the three valid measurements is taken as the reference frequency of the target electronic device in its new, healthy state. The reference frequency is then written into non-volatile memory for permanent storage.

[0066] If not used for the first time, the system directly loads the stored reference frequency from non-volatile memory. No recalibration is required. After acquiring or loading the reference frequency, the system enters daily monitoring mode, and this reference frequency will be used for each subsequent calculation of the frequency descent rate. As a benchmark for comparison.

[0067] Frequency decline rate ; Frequency decline rate It represents the attenuation ratio of the current frequency relative to the reference frequency. The larger the value, the more severe the degradation of the target electronic device contacts and the greater the degree of deviation of the operating frequency from its inherent state. It can quantify the changes in the contact state of the contacts into numerical indicators that can be directly used for level determination, providing a unified evaluation basis for subsequent fault early warning and hierarchical management.

[0068] S4. Based on the threshold condition, the frequency decrease rate is judged to determine the health status level of the target electronic device.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, determining the health status level of the target electronic device based on a threshold condition for judging the frequency decay rate includes: If the frequency drop rate is lower than the first threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the first level; If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the second level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the second threshold and lower than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the third level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be level four. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold increase sequentially.

[0070] Specifically, the first threshold is usually set at 5%, the second threshold is usually set at 15%, and the third threshold is usually set at 30%.

[0071] when When the percentage is less than 5%, the health status of the target electronic device is determined to be Level 1, indicating that the target electronic device is in a healthy working state (Level 0), signifying extremely low contact degradation, the deviation between the operating frequency and the reference frequency within the normal allowable range, and no significant impact on speaker performance; when 5% ≤ When the oxidation level is <15%, the health status of the target electronic device is determined to be Level 2, indicating that the target electronic device is in a fault warning state with mild oxidation (Level 1 warning), which means that the contact surface has slight oxidation or contamination, the contact resistance has slightly increased, and the frequency has decreased, indicating an early stage of deterioration; when 15% ≤ When the percentage is less than 30%, the health status of the target electronic device is determined to be Level 3, indicating severe contamination (Level 2 warning) in a fault warning state. This signifies increased contact oxidation and contamination, significantly elevated contact resistance, marked frequency decrease, and perceptible attenuation of the speaker's sound performance. When the rate is ≥30%, the health status of the target electronic device is determined to be Level 4, indicating that the target electronic device is in a state of imminent failure (Level 3 emergency). This means that the contact deterioration has seriously affected the oscillation stability, the frequency has dropped significantly, the horn may fail at any time, and maintenance or repair measures must be taken immediately.

[0072] By using the above multi-range classification judgment, the degree of contact degradation can be directly correlated with the frequency decline rate, thereby achieving refined classification management of the health status of target electronic devices.

[0073] Figure 2 This is an illustrative flowchart of a vehicle diagnostic method provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 .

[0074] S5. When the health status level of the target electronic device is level two or level three, acquire the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time, and determine whether the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time meet the set safety conditions.

[0075] It should be noted that the preset safety conditions include four constraints: the vehicle is in a parked and stationary state, the power supply voltage of the target electronic device is higher than the preset voltage threshold (usually 12V), the temperature of the contact area is lower than the preset temperature threshold (usually 60℃), and the cooling time between the current self-repair and the last repair exceeds the preset cooling threshold (usually 5 minutes). Only when all four conditions are met can the set safety conditions be deemed satisfied. If any parameter fails to meet the standard, the safety verification will be deemed unsuccessful.

[0076] The vehicle's operating status is obtained by the body domain controller through the vehicle's CAN bus. The transmission controller provides real-time feedback of the gear position signal. When the parking gear signal is valid, the vehicle is determined to be in a parked and stationary state; if there is no valid parking signal, the vehicle is determined to be in a driving state.

[0077] The vehicle domain controller is equipped with a non-volatile memory unit. After each complete self-repair operation, the controller immediately records and saves the current system timestamp. In the subsequent safety condition verification process, the controller retrieves the system time at the moment of the verification and performs a difference calculation with the timestamp saved from the previous self-repair. The resulting time difference is the repair cooldown time. If the system has never performed a self-repair action, the default repair cooldown time is greater than the preset cooldown threshold, and the verification is passed directly.

[0078] S6. If the set safety conditions are met, control the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device to perform self-repair and record the number of repairs.

[0079] See Figure 3 In one embodiment of this application, controlling the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device to perform self-repair includes: The power conversion circuit boosts the supply voltage to a preset target voltage value and boosts the supply current of the target electronic device to a preset target current value. Control the target electronic device to execute the first trigger.

[0080] Specifically, the power conversion circuit typically integrates two types of topologies: Buck circuit and Buck-Boost circuit. The two circuits work together under the coordinated control of the vehicle domain controller. The Buck-Boost circuit is used as a boost branch, which receives the vehicle's 12V reference power supply and boosts the supply voltage to a preset target voltage value. The Buck circuit is used as a constant current regulation branch, which limits and boosts the supply current on the basis of boosting, and adjusts the supply current to a preset target current value.

[0081] Once the power supply voltage and current reach the set parameters, the vehicle domain controller issues a command to trigger the target electronic device. High-voltage electrical energy acts on the contact gap to generate a controllable electric arc. The high temperature of the electric arc burns away the oxide and carbon deposits on the surface of the contact. Then, with the help of the mechanical vibration at the moment of contact opening and closing, the carbon residue and oxide debris are shaken off the contact surface, thus completing the removal of contact impurities.

[0082] During the self-repair phase, the system relies on the aforementioned power conversion circuit to output a power supply voltage boosted to the preset target voltage value. It then outputs a single high-energy repair pulse to the electromagnetic coil of the target electronic device according to a preset pulse width. This pulse does not provide continuous power for an extended period; it only completes one full cycle of power-on and power-off within the preset pulse width. When a high-voltage pulse current (i.e., a power supply current boosted to the preset target current value) is applied to the coil, the electromagnetic attraction increases sharply, driving the moving and stationary contacts to quickly close. After the pulse ends and power is cut off, the electromagnetic attraction rapidly decays, and the moving contact resets and opens under the force of the reset spring. A controllable arc discharge is formed at the moment the contacts open and close, further stripping away the oxide debris after high-temperature burning, in conjunction with contact vibration.

[0083] To avoid insufficient or excessive repair due to using a single repair parameter, differentiated self-repair parameters are set according to different warning levels: when the frequency decline rate is 5% ≤ When the light oxidation level is less than 15% (Level 1 warning), the supply voltage is increased to 18V, the preset pulse width is 80ms, and the supply current is increased to 12A to remove the slight oxide layer on the contact surface with appropriate energy; when the frequency drop rate is ≤15%, the supply voltage is increased to 18V, the preset pulse width is 80ms, and the supply current is increased to 12A to remove the light oxidation layer on the contact surface with appropriate energy. When the pollution level is less than 30% (Level 2 warning), the power supply voltage is increased to 24V, the preset pulse width is 60ms, and the power supply current is increased to 15A. With higher voltage and current and shorter pulse energy, the stubborn contaminants and carbon deposits on the contact surface are efficiently ablated, thereby achieving precise and adaptive active repair under different levels of degradation. This ensures the repair effect while avoiding unnecessary secondary damage to the contacts.

[0084] In this embodiment, the output voltage and current parameters are precisely matched through a graded control mode of the power conversion circuit. A controllable arc is formed between the contacts using the matched high-energy pulse. The instantaneous high temperature of the arc breaks the chemical bonds of oxides and carbon deposits on the contact surface, causing impurities to vaporize, melt, and fall off, thus physically eliminating high-resistivity foreign matter on the contact surface and reducing contact resistance. This reduced contact resistance decreases power loss in the speaker circuit, improves coil excitation efficiency, and enhances the driving capability of contact oscillation, thereby restoring the inherent operating frequency and sound performance of the target electronic device. Simultaneously, the voltage, current, and pulse duration are configured differently according to the health status level, and the arc energy is adjusted as needed. This effectively removes contaminants at different levels of degradation while preventing excessive arc energy from causing excessive melting and deformation of the contact metal. This allows for in-situ self-healing of the contacts without disassembly, effectively extending the overall lifespan of the target electronic device.

[0085] It should be noted that the self-healing operation relies on high-voltage pulse energy to generate a controllable electric arc. If executed in an unsafe environment, it will lead to the following risks: Abnormal horn sound during vehicle operation can interfere with driving: A self-healing pulse drives the horn coil to complete a full engagement-disengagement cycle, accompanied by a brief horn sound. If triggered while the vehicle is in motion, the sudden horn sound can interfere with the driver's normal judgment, easily leading to misoperation or accidents. Simultaneously, the vehicle's power load fluctuates significantly during driving, and the pulse energy may cause the horn's operating state to become unstable, producing abnormal intermittent noise, further affecting the driving experience and safety.

[0086] Circuit overload issues in unstable power supply scenarios: The self-repair operation requires the output of a preset high-voltage pulse energy within a short period of time, which places high demands on the instantaneous response capability and stability of the power supply system. If the vehicle's power supply voltage is insufficient, the power conversion circuit cannot establish the rated output condition, cannot generate an arc with sufficient energy, and cannot effectively burn away the oxide carbon deposits on the contacts, directly causing the self-repair to fail.

[0087] Overheating and ablation of contacts in scenarios with excessively high contact temperatures: The instantaneous temperature of a self-healing arc can reach thousands of degrees Celsius. If a pulse is applied again when the contact temperature is already too high, it will cause heat to accumulate rapidly, exceeding the heat resistance limit of the contact material. This will cause excessive melting, deformation, or even adhesion of the contact surface, which will not only fail to achieve the repair effect but will also aggravate the contact damage, leading to the complete failure of the speaker.

[0088] Component damage issues in scenarios with continuous triggering in a short period of time: Repeated execution of self-healing pulses in a short period of time will cause the contacts and coils to be continuously subjected to high-energy impact and high-temperature environment. The coil insulation layer is prone to aging and failure due to repeated thermal shocks, and the contact material will develop fatigue cracks and peel off due to repeated melting and cooling. At the same time, the power supply circuit will also age faster due to frequent pulse current impacts, ultimately causing permanent damage to the speaker components and significantly shortening their service life.

[0089] In this embodiment, a safety check step is added before the self-repair operation to obtain vehicle operating status, power supply voltage, contact temperature, and self-repair cooling time for multi-condition joint judgment: gear position verification avoids accidental triggering during driving, which could cause abnormal horn sound and interfere with driving; power supply voltage verification avoids repair failure due to insufficient arc energy under low voltage conditions; contact temperature verification avoids the risk of heat accumulation exceeding the heat resistance limit of the contact material due to repeated pulse application at high temperatures, leading to contact melting, adhesion, or ablation; and cooling time verification prevents thermal shock and fatigue damage caused by continuous repairs in a short period. Self-repair is only allowed when all safety conditions are met, which effectively avoids driving risks, ineffective repairs, and component overheating failures caused by accidental triggering, ensuring that the self-repair process is executed safely, controllably, and compliantly, greatly improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0090] See Figure 4 In one embodiment of this application, the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device performs self-repair, and after a set delay, controls the target electronic device to execute a second trigger and collects the contact area temperature, power supply voltage and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device. The repair frequency is extracted based on the pulse drive signal, and the recovery rate of the repair frequency is calculated. The voltage waveform sequence is obtained based on the supply voltage, and the harmonic distortion rate is calculated based on the voltage waveform sequence. If the recovery rate is greater than the recovery threshold and the harmonic distortion rate is less than the initial value, then the health status level of the target electronic device is configured as the first level. Otherwise, the health status level of the target electronic device is configured according to the number of repairs.

[0091] It should be noted that the preset duration is usually set to 500ms. Specifically, this is an engineering optimization value determined based on the electromagnetic response of the target electronic device, the cooling characteristics of the contacts, and the transient attenuation characteristics of the circuit. After the repair is completed, the residual micro-molten metal droplets on the contact surface under the action of the electric arc, the residual energy released by the coil inductance, and the transient voltage fluctuations in the power supply circuit will form a brief unstable state. If tested immediately, the frequency measurement results will be distorted. The 500ms duration provides sufficient time for the molten metal on the contact surface to cool and solidify, allowing the contact morphology and contact resistance to return to stability. It also allows the coil inductance energy to be fully released and the transient fluctuations in the power supply circuit to attenuate to normal levels, eliminating the interference of pulse aftershocks on the test signal. This ensures that the measurement results accurately reflect the stable working state after repair while taking into account the overall operating efficiency of the system, providing a reliable test benchmark for subsequent verification of the repair effect.

[0092] The target electronic device is controlled to complete the second trigger action, simultaneously acquiring the contact area temperature, power supply voltage, and pulse drive signal. The acquired pulse drive signal undergoes uniform noise reduction preprocessing, and the corresponding main frequency after self-repair is extracted using frequency domain transformation. Based on this self-repaired main frequency, the repair frequency is calculated in conjunction with the synchronously acquired contact area temperature and power supply voltage. The calculation process follows a predetermined coefficient algorithm: a preset reference temperature is retrieved, and the temperature compensation coefficient is calculated based on the difference between the measured temperature and the reference temperature. Then, the voltage compensation coefficient is obtained by performing a square root per unit operation on the measured power supply voltage using the reference voltage. The main frequency is multiplied by the two types of compensation coefficients in sequence to obtain the repair frequency. The entire set of compensation calculation rules is completely consistent with the previous steps.

[0093] recovery rate ; To restore the frequency, the preset recovery threshold is typically set to 95%. Specifically, a reasonable judgment standard is determined based on the speaker's operating characteristics, the repair target, and actual engineering conditions: During long-term use, the target electronic components will inevitably experience performance degradation due to factors such as mechanical wear and material aging, making it impossible to fully restore them to the factory reference frequency; at the same time, self-repair can only remove the oxide layer and contaminants on the contact surface, and cannot reverse the mechanical wear of the contacts themselves. Therefore, setting the recovery rate threshold to 95% not only leaves a reasonable margin for aging attenuation, but also ensures that the speaker's operating frequency has been restored to a level close to its healthy state after repair, which is sufficient to support its normal sound production and stable oscillation. This avoids repeatedly triggering the repair process and wasting system resources due to an excessive pursuit of a 100% recovery rate, and also prevents the repair effect from being ineffectively judged due to an excessively low threshold, thus achieving a balance between the scientific nature and practicality of the repair effect judgment.

[0094] Based on the power supply voltage, the voltage waveform sequence is obtained. Specifically, the vehicle domain controller continuously samples the instantaneous voltage of the power supply branch of the target electronic device through the front-end voltage acquisition module. The instantaneous voltage sampling data is captured in real time according to the preset fixed sampling interval. Each sampling data is stored in the internal buffer unit of the controller according to the acquisition time sequence. Multiple sets of sampling points arranged continuously are combined to generate a complete power supply voltage waveform sequence. The sampling process is started synchronously with the secondary trigger action after the target electronic device is repaired, covering the entire working cycle of a single complete activation and deactivation of the target electronic device, so as to realize the complete acquisition of voltage data throughout the entire cycle.

[0095] The initial value of the harmonic distortion rate used for comparing the repair effect can be flexibly configured. It can be either manually preset calibration value, or the harmonic distortion rate measured before the self-repair process is carried out can be directly retrieved, or the harmonic distortion rate data retained from the product reference frequency calibration stage can be selected.

[0096] The waveform stability analysis after repair serves as a supplementary verification step for the self-repair effect. Its core mechanism lies in the fact that the frequency recovery rate only reflects the numerical recovery of the speaker's operating frequency and cannot reflect the microscopic stability of the working state after contact repair. During the self-repair process, arc erosion may cause localized depressions, protrusions, or residual microburrs on the contact surface. While these morphological defects may restore the frequency value to near the reference level, they can cause instability in the contact engagement / disengagement action, leading to problems such as increased harmonic distortion in the oscillation signal. This manifests as intermittent speaker sound, a hoarse tone, and operational jitter; even if the frequency meets the standard, a truly stable working state is not achieved. By comparing the waveform stability indicators before and after repair (i.e., comparing the harmonic distortion rate obtained after the second trigger with the initial value), the actual repair quality of the contact surface and the working stability of the oscillation circuit can be directly reflected. This avoids the hidden danger of "frequency meeting the standard but unstable operation" that is overlooked when judging the repair effect solely by the frequency recovery rate. Therefore, it comprehensively and accurately verifies whether the self-repair has truly restored the conductivity of the contacts and the stable oscillation capability of the speaker, providing a more rigorous and comprehensive basis for the final judgment of the repair effect.

[0097] It should be noted that if there is no dedicated effect verification mechanism after the self-repair is completed, relying solely on subjective judgment or a single instantaneous test will lead to multi-dimensional errors and misjudgment risks: After the self-repair pulse ends, the melting state of the contact surface, the residual energy of the coil inductance, and the transient fluctuations of the power supply voltage will directly interfere with the frequency measurement, making it impossible to obtain the speaker's true stable operating state; Judging the repair effect solely by the frequency recovery rate cannot identify problems such as waveform distortion caused by microscopic defects such as residual burrs and local depressions on the contact surface, which can easily lead to misjudgments such as "frequency values ​​meet the standards but actual operation is unstable", resulting in mislabeling of the deterioration state and affecting the formulation of subsequent maintenance strategies.

[0098] In this embodiment, a complete closed-loop control mechanism is constructed by setting a repair effect verification step after self-repair is completed: First, after the pulse ends, a preset stabilization time is waited for the molten metal of the contacts to cool and solidify, the residual energy of the coil is fully released, and the transient fluctuations of the power supply are attenuated to a normal level, eliminating the interference of the working condition from the root and ensuring that the compensation frequency after repair collected by subsequent tests truly reflects the stable working state of the speaker; Second, the recovery rate is calculated based on the compensation frequency after repair and the pre-calibrated reference frequency (i.e., the reference main frequency), which can quantitatively evaluate the degree of recovery of the contact conductivity and intuitively reflect the improvement effect of self-repair on the working frequency; At the same time, waveform stability analysis is introduced. By comparing the harmonic distortion rate index before and after repair, the oscillation abnormality caused by the surface morphology defects of the contacts can be accurately identified, making up for the insufficiency of a single frequency index in reflecting the microscopic working stability. Through the comprehensive judgment of frequency recovery rate and waveform stability, misjudgment caused by a single frequency detection is effectively avoided, and a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the repair effect is achieved, providing a reliable basis for subsequent health status updates and maintenance strategies, forming a complete closed loop of "repair-verification-judgment", and improving the overall reliability and operation and maintenance accuracy of the self-repair system.

[0099] In one embodiment of this application, calculating the harmonic distortion rate based on a voltage waveform sequence includes: Perform a Fast Fourier Transform on the voltage waveform sequence to extract the fundamental amplitude and the amplitudes of each harmonic. The harmonic distortion rate is obtained by calculating the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the amplitudes of each harmonic to the amplitude of the fundamental wave.

[0100] Specifically, the sequence of continuous multi-cycle voltage waveforms acquired when the second trigger is executed is as follows: .

[0101] Calculate the harmonic distortion rate, which characterizes the degree to which the waveform deviates from the sine wave and reflects the signal distortion caused by the contact state of the contact points; Harmonic distortion rate : Waveform sequence when the second trigger is executed after self-repair Perform a Fast Fourier Transform to obtain the amplitude of each harmonic component. , , ,……, ,in The fundamental amplitude, ~ The amplitude of the second harmonic or higher; Harmonic distortion rate .

[0102] In this embodiment, the acquired power supply voltage waveform is decomposed in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The fundamental component and harmonic components are separated from the mixed waveform. The standardized harmonic distortion rate is obtained by summing the squares of the harmonic amplitudes, taking the square root, and then comparing it with the fundamental amplitude. From a principle perspective, defects such as burrs, local unevenness, and poor contact on the contact surface can cause unstable arcing during contact switching and random changes in circuit impedance. This is reflected in the time-domain voltage waveform as waveform distortion. After FFT decomposition, the distorted waveform generates a large number of additional harmonic components. The overall increase in harmonic amplitude directly increases the harmonic distortion rate. When self-repairing removes the oxidation and burrs on the contact surface, the contacts fit evenly, the switching action is stable, the circuit impedance fluctuation is significantly reduced, the waveform distortion is suppressed, the number of new harmonic components decreases, and the harmonic distortion rate decreases accordingly. This quantitative method transforms the qualitative model, which originally relied on visual observation of waveforms and subjective human evaluation, into a numerical quantitative evaluation. It eliminates judgment errors caused by differences in human experience, accurately maps the improvement of the actual contact conditions of the contact points by relying on changes in the distortion rate, achieves unified standards for waveform stability judgment, and enables repeated verification of test results. Combined with the frequency recovery rate, it completes the evaluation of repair effectiveness, improves the test basis from the dimension of harmonic distortion, and greatly enhances the scientificity and rigor of the self-repair result judgment.

[0103] In one embodiment of this application, configuring the health status level of the target electronic device based on the number of repairs includes: Based on the health status level of the target electronic device, obtain the threshold for the number of attempts; When the number of repair attempts reaches the threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is improved; Otherwise, maintain the health status level of the target electronic device.

[0104] It should be noted that the number of self-repair operations for the target electronic device is counted and obtained by the internal storage unit of the vehicle domain controller. Specifically, each time the system completes a full self-repair process, the controller writes a self-repair execution record to the non-volatile storage area and simultaneously increments the built-in counter variable. This non-volatile storage retains data even after power failure, preventing the count from being reset to zero after a vehicle power-off and restart. When the controller needs to retrieve the number of repairs, it directly reads the accumulated counter value from the storage unit to obtain the total number of self-repair operations for the target electronic device since its introduction.

[0105] When the health status level is Level 2, the threshold for the number of attempts is typically two; when the health status level is Level 3, the threshold for the number of attempts is typically three. Specifically, preset thresholds for the number of attempts are set differently for different health status levels. Level 1 warning corresponds to mild contact oxidation and deterioration, where a single self-repair is usually sufficient for effective cleaning. Therefore, the preset threshold for the number of attempts is typically set to two to avoid unnecessary arcing and thermal damage to intact contact surfaces caused by excessive and repeated repairs. Level 2 warning corresponds to severe deterioration, with severe carbon buildup, thick oxidation, and contaminant adhesion on the contacts. A single repair is usually insufficient to completely remove stubborn impurities and deep oxide layers, requiring more opportunities for multiple pulse repairs. Therefore, the preset threshold for the number of attempts is typically set to three. By configuring the upper limit of the number of repairs according to the health status level, it can adapt to the repair needs of different degrees of deterioration, ensuring that mild deterioration does not require redundant repairs and that severe deterioration has sufficient repair attempts. It can also avoid problems such as contact overheating and melting, material fatigue and aging, and frequent pulse breakdown of circuits caused by unlimited repeated repairs, achieving a reasonable balance between repair attempt control and contact life protection.

[0106] When the cumulative number of self-repair attempts under the corresponding health status level reaches the preset threshold, and multiple repairs still fail to meet the frequency recovery and waveform stability criteria, the system progressively upgrades the health status level of the target electronic device, achieving progressive escalation control of the fault level: upgrading the original Level 1 warning of mild oxidation to Level 2 warning of severe contamination, and further upgrading the original Level 2 warning of severe contamination to Level 3 emergency of near-failure. Specifically, if the maximum allowable number of repairs within the same health status level still fails to effectively repair the device, it indicates that the contacts have experienced irreversible mechanical wear, material aging, or deep, stubborn carbon oxidation, exceeding the processing scope of the current level's self-repair capability.

[0107] By progressively raising the health status level, abnormal operating conditions that fail to meet standards despite multiple repairs at the same level can be identified in a timely manner, and irreversible deterioration problems that cannot be improved by self-repair can be quickly identified. At the same time, a corresponding higher-level fault alarm is triggered to notify the driver and passengers or the vehicle maintenance system as soon as possible, prompting early manual intervention for inspection and timely investigation of deep-seated faults such as severe wear of contacts and aging of materials. If necessary, the target electronic components can be repaired or replaced as a whole to avoid ineffective repeated self-repair operations that continue to impact and damage components, thereby curbing the further deterioration of faults from the source and ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the target electronic components.

[0108] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the temperature of the contact area, and the power supply current of the target electronic device are collected in real time. Determine whether the vehicle's operating status, the power supply voltage, the temperature of the contact area, and the power supply current of the target electronic device meet the set safety protection conditions; If the conditions are met, the diagnostic method for the vehicle is stopped.

[0109] Specifically, the vehicle domain controller enables a parallel real-time sampling mechanism throughout the entire process of diagnosing the status of the target electronic device, continuously and synchronously collecting four monitoring parameters: real-time vehicle operating conditions are obtained through vehicle CAN bus communication, real-time voltage of the power supply circuit of the target electronic device is collected using a voltage acquisition module in conjunction with a sampling resistor, real-time temperature of the contact area is collected by temperature measuring elements deployed around the contacts, and real-time operating current of the target electronic device is collected through a loop sampling device.

[0110] The vehicle domain controller performs compliance checks on the collected vehicle operating status, power supply voltage, contact area temperature, and power supply current according to pre-calibrated safety threshold rules, determining whether each parameter meets the preset limit requirements. The preset safety protection conditions are limited to: the vehicle is in a parked state, the measured contact temperature is higher than the high temperature threshold (70℃), the power supply voltage is lower than the low voltage threshold (11.5V), and the power supply current exceeds the preset current limit threshold (18A). All four conditions must be triggered simultaneously to be considered as meeting the safety protection trigger conditions. If any parameter fails to meet the corresponding judgment standard, the protection logic will not be triggered. When all four conditions are met simultaneously and the safety protection trigger requirements are met, the vehicle domain controller immediately outputs a shutdown command to terminate the currently executing target electronic device status diagnostic process; if all protection conditions are not met simultaneously, the system continues to run the diagnostic program normally.

[0111] In this embodiment, four key parameters—vehicle operating condition, power supply voltage, contact temperature, and power supply current—are continuously and synchronously collected throughout the entire diagnostic and self-repair cycle. Dynamic safety interlocking control is achieved based on real-time threshold comparison logic. When the vehicle switches from parked to driving mode, it is easy to trigger diagnostic tests, resulting in unexpected horn blasts. Real-time operating condition monitoring can promptly intercept the diagnostic process and avoid sudden abnormal noises that could interfere with driving safety. If the battery is depleted or the line voltage drop is too large, causing the power supply voltage to fall below the limit, continuing diagnostics and pulse repair may lead to arcing due to insufficient power. Low-voltage monitoring can stop the operation in advance to avoid abnormal power loss. Repeated arcing of contacts over a long period of time will cause continuous heat accumulation. If the temperature exceeds the limit and testing continues, it is very likely to cause contact melting and adhesion, and permanent damage to the horn. Temperature sampling combined with threshold constraints can block the path of high-temperature deterioration. Short circuits between coil turns and contact jamming can cause the circuit current to exceed the limit. The continuous presence of overcurrent will accelerate the aging of the wiring harness insulation and blow the fuse. Real-time current monitoring can shut down the diagnostics at the moment of overcurrent. The parallel monitoring of the above four types of parameters forms a multi-dimensional fallback protection logic, which avoids various hidden dangers such as accidental horn blaring, power overload, contact overheating and burning, and wiring harness damage from the source. It achieves fault prevention in the complete working cycle of online diagnosis and self-repair, thereby improving the operational stability of the entire target electronic device diagnosis and self-repair system, while ensuring the operational safety of the vehicle's low-voltage electrical system.

[0112] This application also provides a condition diagnostic system for automotive target electronic devices, applied to the diagnostic method for vehicles according to the first aspect of this application.

[0113] See Figure 5 The condition diagnostic system for the target electronic device in the vehicle includes: The acquisition module 100 is configured to trigger the target electronic device to work, and to synchronously acquire the main frequency, power supply voltage and contact area temperature of the target electronic device during the working process. The compensation calculation module 200 is connected to the acquisition module to receive the main frequency, power supply voltage, and contact area temperature; the compensation calculation module is configured to calculate the compensation frequency to eliminate the influence of voltage and temperature based on the main frequency, power supply voltage, and contact area temperature. A frequency analysis module 300 is connected to the compensation calculation module to receive the compensation frequency; the frequency analysis module is configured to calculate the frequency drop rate based on the compensation frequency and a pre-calibrated reference frequency. The status determination module 400 is connected to the frequency analysis module to receive the frequency drop rate; the status determination module is configured to determine the health status level of the target electronic device based on the numerical range of the frequency drop rate.

[0114] This application also provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned automotive target electronic device status diagnostic system. This system is integrated into the vehicle's body control and onboard electrical architecture to achieve real-time monitoring of the target electronic device's operating status, tiered early warning, pulse self-repair, quantitative verification of repair effects, and progressive fault level control. Under strict adherence to electrical safety and temperature protection constraints, it matches corresponding current-limiting parameters, repair cycles, and judgment thresholds for different contact degradation levels, effectively achieving autonomous removal and self-healing of target electronic device contact oxidation and carbon buildup, improving the stability of the target electronic device's operating frequency and oscillation waveform. Simultaneously, through a multi-level fault reporting and level escalation mechanism, it promptly prompts manual repair or component replacement, ensuring the long-term operational reliability and driving safety of the onboard target electronic device.

[0115] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute the vehicle diagnostic method described in the above embodiments. This computer program can be installed in a vehicle system.

[0116] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code that is executed by one or more processors. When the program code runs on the processor, it causes an apparatus including one or more processors to perform the vehicle diagnostic method described in the above embodiments. The processor running this computer-readable storage medium can be mounted in a vehicle system.

[0117] It should be understood that when the modules or units described herein are implemented using software, they can be implemented in whole or in part as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0118] This application provides a chip system including a processor, or the chip system including a memory and a processor, for calling computer programs or computer instructions stored in the memory to cause the processor to execute the vehicle diagnostic method described in the above embodiments. The chip system can be a single chip or a chip module composed of multiple chips. This chip system can be installed in a vehicle system.

[0119] This application provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the electronic device implements the vehicle diagnostic method described in the above embodiments. This electronic device can be installed in a vehicle system.

[0120] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules, units, and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0121] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing a vehicle, characterized in that, Applied to a vehicle domain controller, the method includes: Collect the contact area temperature, power supply voltage, and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device in the vehicle; The pulse drive signal is preprocessed to extract the main frequency of the pulse drive signal in the frequency domain; The compensation frequency is calculated based on the main frequency, contact area temperature and power supply voltage, and the frequency drop rate of the compensation frequency is calculated based on the preset reference frequency. The health status level of the target electronic device is determined by judging the frequency decline rate based on the threshold condition.

2. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation frequency is calculated based on the main frequency, contact area temperature, and power supply voltage, including: Obtain a reference temperature and calculate a temperature compensation coefficient based on the difference between the temperature of the contact area and the reference temperature; Obtain a reference voltage, and perform a square root per unit operation on the supply voltage based on the reference voltage to obtain the voltage compensation coefficient; The compensation frequency is obtained by calculating the product of the main frequency, the temperature compensation coefficient, and the voltage compensation coefficient.

3. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The health status level of the target electronic device is determined by judging the frequency decline rate based on a threshold condition, including: If the frequency drop rate is lower than the first threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the first level; If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the first threshold and lower than the second threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the second level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the second threshold and lower than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be the third level. If the frequency drop rate is equal to or higher than the third threshold, then the health status level of the target electronic device is determined to be level four. The first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold increase sequentially.

4. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: When the health status level of the target electronic device is level two or three, the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time are obtained, and it is determined whether the vehicle operating status, the power supply voltage, the contact area temperature, and the real-time stored repair cooling time meet the set safety conditions. If the set safety conditions are met, the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device is controlled to perform self-repair, and the number of repairs is recorded.

5. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Controlling the power conversion circuit of the target electronic device to perform self-repair includes: The power conversion circuit boosts the supply voltage to a preset target voltage value and boosts the supply current of the target electronic device to a preset target current value. Control the target electronic device to execute the first trigger.

6. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power conversion circuit of the target electronic device performs self-repair, and after a set delay, controls the target electronic device to execute a second trigger and collects the contact area temperature, power supply voltage and pulse drive signal of the target electronic device. The repair frequency is extracted based on the pulse drive signal, and the recovery rate of the repair frequency is calculated. The voltage waveform sequence is obtained based on the supply voltage, and the harmonic distortion rate is calculated based on the voltage waveform sequence. If the recovery rate is greater than the recovery threshold and the harmonic distortion rate is less than the initial value, then the health status level of the target electronic device is configured as the first level. Otherwise, the health status level of the target electronic device is configured according to the number of repairs.

7. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Harmonic distortion rate is calculated based on voltage waveform sequences, including: Perform a Fast Fourier Transform on the voltage waveform sequence to extract the fundamental amplitude and the amplitudes of each harmonic. The harmonic distortion rate is obtained by calculating the ratio of the square root of the sum of the squares of the amplitudes of each harmonic to the amplitude of the fundamental wave.

8. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Configure the health status level of the target electronic device according to the number of repairs, including: Based on the health status level of the target electronic device, obtain the threshold for the number of attempts; When the number of repair attempts reaches the threshold, the health status level of the target electronic device is improved; Otherwise, maintain the health status level of the target electronic device.

9. The vehicle diagnostic method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Real-time data collection includes vehicle operating status, power supply voltage, contact area temperature, and power supply current of the target electronic device. Determine whether the vehicle's operating status, the power supply voltage, the temperature of the contact area, and the power supply current of the target electronic device meet the set safety protection conditions; If the conditions are met, the diagnostic method for the vehicle is stopped.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the diagnostic method for the vehicle as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images