A generalized sofc system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method and device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visual analysis method and device, which comprises the following steps: inputting preset boundary conditions of a target generalized SOFC system, a steam reforming reaction degree parameter determined by experimental data and steady-state data into a thermodynamic calculation model, and outputting fluid components and material enthalpy values of each node of the target component; after detecting that the preset thermodynamic assumption is met, calculating actual heat exchange efficiencies of each heat exchanger, and then constructing a system energy flow distribution matrix based on the efficiencies and the component input and output enthalpy values, so as to determine a visual data structure and obtain a visual analysis result. According to the embodiment of the application, an analysis tool directly reflecting energy flow and distribution can be automatically generated according to experimental data, researchers can directly grasp the details of energy transmission and loss in the system, and the efficiency and accuracy of SOFC system research and development testing are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for calculating and visualizing energy flow in a generalized SOFC system. Background Technology

[0002] Driven by dual carbon objectives, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can effectively and directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and have attracted much attention due to their high power generation efficiency, fuel flexibility, and great potential in distributed power generation and combined heat and power (CHP). SOFCs operate at high temperatures, and their power generation systems not only include the fuel cell stack but also complex auxiliary (BoP) components such as reformers, heat exchangers, and burners. In practical engineering applications and experimental research, to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system, it is often necessary to refine and optimize the system's thermal management strategies and processes. For example, introducing anode off-gas recirculation (AGR) can significantly improve fuel utilization and system energy efficiency, but this also increases the complexity of system control and energy analysis.

[0003] Thermodynamic analysis of SOFC systems, particularly the calculation of energy flow distribution in each component based on experimental data, is crucial for evaluating system performance and identifying key energy loss factors (such as heat dissipation and exhaust heat loss). Currently, energy flow calculation and analysis for SOFC systems mainly rely on two approaches: steady-state simulation using commercial chemical process simulation software (such as AspenPlus) and multiphysics simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) or finite element methods. However, commercial software typically focuses on theoretical calculations for design conditions, making it difficult to directly couple with measured experimental data (such as node temperatures and actual stack operating conditions) in real time. While CFD simulation offers high accuracy, it is computationally intensive and time-consuming, failing to meet the needs for rapid evaluation and real-time adjustment of system energy flow during experiments.

[0004] Furthermore, during the research and testing phases of SOFC systems, changes in system process configuration are frequently encountered. For example, the system may operate in a basic non-circulating process mode, switch to a high-efficiency mode with anode exhaust gas recirculation, or switch between different water supply schemes (external water supply or condensate recovery). Existing data analysis methods typically use fixed calculation scripts for a single process. Once the system process structure changes (such as adding a circulation loop or bypass), the original calculation model becomes invalid, requiring the reconstruction of the heat and mass balance equations, which is not only extremely labor-intensive but also prone to errors. Simultaneously, current technologies are lacking in the visualization of energy flow results, usually only outputting dry data tables. There is a lack of analytical tools that can automatically generate intuitive reflections of energy flow and distribution based on experimental data, making it difficult for researchers to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss within the system.

[0005] Therefore, when performing energy flow analysis on SOFC systems in related technologies, fixed calculation scripts are written only for a single process, and visualization methods are lacking. This results in the need to reconstruct the heat and mass balance equations when the system process configuration changes, which is a huge workload and prone to errors. At the same time, researchers find it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss inside the system, which reduces the efficiency and accuracy of system research and development testing. These issues urgently need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method and apparatus to solve the problems in related technologies where SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods only write fixed scripts for a single process and lack visualization, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a method for energy flow calculation and visualization analysis of a generalized SOFC system, comprising the following steps: acquiring experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of a target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack; inputting the preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system into a target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system; calculating the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system when it is detected that the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions; constructing an energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system based on the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy of the target component, and mapping the energy flow distribution matrix to node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the step of outputting the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target components of the target generalized SOFC system includes: configuring calculation boundary conditions in response to user instructions, wherein the boundary conditions include the flow configuration and calorific value calculation standard of the target generalized SOFC system; determining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack using experimental data of the fuel cell stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized SOFC system; and inputting the boundary conditions, the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter, and the pre-collected ambient temperature, flow rate input values ​​of each stream, target key node temperature data, and fuel cell stack operating current and voltage of the SOFC system that meet the target steady-state conditions into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, determining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack includes: establishing a component calculation model based on mass conservation, setting the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter to be fitted; setting a loss function, wherein the loss function is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated exhaust gas components and the measured components mole fractions; iteratively updating the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter to be fitted using the gradient descent method until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold, thereby obtaining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack.

[0010] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the target thermodynamic calculation model includes a reformer calculation model, an electric stack calculation model, a burner calculation model, and a heat exchanger and phase change model.

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before calculating the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system, the method further includes: if it is detected that the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target component do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, an error alarm corresponding to the target component is output, and the target steady-state data is reacquired; wherein, the failure to meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions includes at least one of the following: the ratio of the total carbon to the total oxygen at the reformer inlet exceeds the preset stoichiometric ratio, resulting in a risk of carbon deposition; the oxygen content in the reformer or the burner is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; the partial pressure of the liquid component calculated at the preheater outlet or the system exhaust port exceeds the saturated vapor pressure, resulting in an abnormal phase change; or the outlet temperature of the cold stream of the heat exchanger is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, resulting in reverse temperature difference heat transfer.

[0012] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, mapping the energy flow distribution matrix to node coordinates, channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram includes: mapping the source nodes, target nodes, energy values, and color identifiers in the visualization data structure of the target generalized SOFC system to node coordinates, channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram; based on the node coordinates, channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram, calling a plotting function to generate a dynamic energy flow Sankey diagram, and exporting a text-formatted analysis result file containing node definitions, flow direction relationships, and color coding.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides a device for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system, comprising: a first calculation module for acquiring experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of a target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack; inputting the preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system into a target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system; a second calculation module for calculating the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system when the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions; and an analysis module for constructing an energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system based on the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy of the target component, and mapping the energy flow distribution matrix to node coordinates, channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the first calculation module includes: a first calculation unit, configured to configure calculation boundary conditions in response to user instructions, wherein the boundary conditions include the process configuration and calorific value calculation standard of the target generalized SOFC system; a determination unit, configured to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack using experimental data of the fuel cell stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized SOFC system; and a second calculation unit, configured to input the boundary conditions, the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter, and pre-collected ambient temperature, flow rate input values ​​of each stream, target key node temperature data, fuel cell stack operating current, and voltage of the SOFC system that meet the target steady-state conditions into the target thermodynamic calculation model, so as to output the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of all nodes in the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0015] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the determining unit includes: an establishing subunit for establishing a component calculation model based on mass conservation and setting parameters for the water-vapor shift reaction degree to be fitted; a setting subunit for setting a loss function, wherein the loss function is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated exhaust gas components and the measured components; and an obtaining subunit for iteratively updating the parameters for the water-vapor shift reaction degree to be fitted using the gradient descent method until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold, thereby obtaining the parameters for the water-vapor shift reaction degree inside the fuel cell stack.

[0016] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the target thermodynamic calculation model includes a reformer calculation model, an electric stack calculation model, a burner calculation model, and a heat exchanger and phase change model.

[0017] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the apparatus further includes: a processing module, configured to output an error alarm corresponding to the target component and reacquire the target steady-state data when it is detected that the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target component do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions; wherein, the failure to meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions includes at least one of the following: the ratio of the total carbon to the total oxygen at the reformer inlet exceeds a preset stoichiometric ratio, resulting in a risk of carbon deposition; the oxygen content in the reformer or the burner is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; the partial pressure of the liquid component calculated at the preheater outlet or the system exhaust port exceeds the saturated vapor pressure, resulting in a phase change anomaly; or the outlet temperature of the cold stream of the heat exchanger is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, resulting in reverse temperature difference heat transfer.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the analysis module includes: a mapping unit, used to map the source nodes, target nodes, energy values, and color identifiers in the visualization data structure of the target generalized SOFC system to the node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram; and an analysis unit, used to generate a dynamic energy flow Sankey diagram by calling a drawing function based on the node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram, and to export a text-formatted analysis result file containing node definitions, flow direction relationships, and color coding.

[0019] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method as described in the above embodiments.

[0020] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system.

[0021] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, is used to implement the above-described method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system.

[0022] This application's embodiments can input the preset boundary conditions of the target generalized SOFC system, the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters determined by experimental data, and steady-state data into a thermodynamic calculation model, outputting the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of each node of the target component. After verifying that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met, the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger is calculated. Based on this efficiency and the component's input and output enthalpy values, a system energy flow distribution matrix is ​​constructed. A visualization data structure is then determined, and visualization analysis results are obtained. This allows researchers to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss within the system, improving the efficiency and accuracy of SOFC system R&D testing. Therefore, it solves the problems of related technologies where SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods only require writing fixed scripts for a single process and lack visualization, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a portable CPOx power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A flowchart of a conventional steam reforming non-recirculating power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a steam reforming anode reflux power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is an interface for selecting the configuration and calorific value calculation method in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is an input interface for acquiring data in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is an alarm interface for determining whether thermodynamic assumptions are not met, as shown in a specific embodiment of this application. Figure 8 A Sankey diagram of the energy flow of a portable CPOx power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a Sankey diagram of the energy flow of a conventional steam reforming non-recirculating power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a Sankey diagram of the energy flow of a steam reforming anode reflux power generation system according to a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating a specific embodiment of the generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0026] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates a method and apparatus for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system according to an embodiment of this application. Addressing the issues raised in the background section regarding SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods that rely on fixed scripts for single processes and lack visualization capabilities, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing, this application provides a method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system. In this method, preset boundary conditions of the target generalized SOFC system, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters determined by experimental data, and steady-state data are input into a thermodynamic calculation model. The model outputs the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of each node of the target component. After verifying that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met, the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger is calculated. Based on this efficiency and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the components, a system energy flow distribution matrix is ​​constructed. The visualization data structure is then determined, and visualization analysis results are obtained. This allows researchers to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss within the system, improving the efficiency and accuracy of SOFC system R&D testing. This solves the problems in related technologies, such as SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods that only require writing fixed scripts for a single process and lack visualization, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system includes the following steps: In step S101, experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions are obtained to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack. The preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system are input into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0029] In this embodiment, the target generalized SOFC system is a generalized SOFC system that has been pre-set through the following steps; the target steady-state data are the ambient temperature, the flow input values ​​of each stream, and the temperature data of key nodes after the system reaches steady state; the preset operating conditions are a set of pre-set operating conditions of the target generalized SOFC system in a stable operating state, which are specifically set by relevant technical personnel and are not specifically limited here.

[0030] It is understood that, in this embodiment, experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the generalized SOFC system under certain operating conditions can be obtained first to determine the water-gas shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack. Then, the preset boundary conditions of the generalized SOFC system, the water-gas shift reaction degree parameters obtained by fitting the experimental data, and the steady-state data collected under the target steady-state conditions are input into the thermodynamic calculation model. The thermodynamic calculation model is run based on the laws of mass conservation and energy conservation to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target components of the generalized SOFC system. For example, the fluid composition and enthalpy of each node of the reformer, stack, burner, and heat exchanger of the generalized SOFC system are calculated, thereby providing accurate and comprehensive basic thermo-mass data support for the following steps. At the same time, it adapts to the multi-process configuration characteristics of the generalized SOFC system, ensuring the universality and accuracy of the basic data calculation.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, outputting the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target components of the target generalized SOFC system includes: configuring calculation boundary conditions in response to user instructions, wherein the boundary conditions include the flow configuration and calorific value calculation standard of the target generalized SOFC system; determining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the fuel cell stack using experimental data of the fuel cell stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized SOFC system; and inputting the boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and pre-collected ambient temperature, flow rate input values ​​of each stream, target key node temperature data, and fuel cell stack operating current and voltage into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0032] In actual implementation, embodiments of this application can configure computational boundary conditions in response to user instructions. These boundary conditions include at least the system flow configuration and calorific value calculation standards. For example, embodiments of this application can select a system flow configuration from a preset database in response to user instructions. System flow configurations include, but are not limited to, a portable CPOx (catalytic partial oxidation) system. Figure 2 Flowchart of a portable CPOx power generation system; conventional steam reforming non-recirculating system, wherein... Figure 3 The flowchart shows a conventional steam reforming non-recirculating power generation system; the steam reforming anode reflux system, in which... Figure 4This is a flowchart of a steam reforming anode reflux power generation system; it also shows the selection of fuel type (such as hydrogen, propane, methane, methanol) and the setting of calorific value calculation modes for higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV). If the user selects lower heating value, the system will make corrections in subsequent calculations based on the HHV calculation results, deducting the latent heat portion to conform to engineering standards.

[0033] Next, in this embodiment of the application, the water-gas shift reaction degree parameters can be determined based on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition data, either through least squares fitting or manual input. For example, the built-in fitting program can be called using the input experimental data of the stack current and gas outlet composition to calculate using the least squares method, or the water-gas shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack can be determined through manual input. This is to correct the calculation bias of the thermodynamic model under non-equilibrium conditions.

[0034] Secondly, the embodiments of this application can collect target steady-state data (such as ambient temperature, flow rate of each stream, temperature of key nodes, etc.) after the experimental system reaches steady state. The target steady-state data is physical operation data obtained in real time or offline by temperature sensors, flow meters and voltage and current testing equipment arranged on the target physical SOFC system. For example, the selected system process configuration, the determined reaction parameters and the collected experimental steady-state data can be used to run a thermodynamic calculation model based on the laws of mass conservation and energy conservation to calculate the fluid composition and enthalpy of each node of the reformer, stack, burner and heat exchanger in sequence.

[0035] This application's embodiments, through modular design, can adapt to various mainstream system configurations such as portable CPOx, no-reflux, and anolyte circulation, and are compatible with various hydrocarbon fuels and calorific value calculation standards. Users do not need to rewrite calculation code for different experimental setups, greatly reducing the threshold and workload of data analysis and improving the system's versatility and flexibility.

[0036] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, determining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack includes: establishing a component calculation model based on mass conservation; setting the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter to be fitted; setting a loss function, which is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated exhaust gas components and the measured components' mole fractions; iteratively updating the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter to be fitted using the gradient descent method until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold, thereby obtaining the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack. For example, such as... Figure 5As shown, the program provides an interactive interface for users to select from three system configurations in a drop-down menu and two calorific value calculation methods in a drop-down menu.

[0037] Next, if the characteristics of the water vapor shift reaction (WGSR) are unknown, parameter identification needs to be performed using experimental data. This includes: obtaining measured values ​​of the mole fraction of the anode tail gas at different current densities; establishing a composition calculation model based on mass conservation; and setting the parameters to be fitted. (Reaction degree coefficient); Define a loss function, which is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated and measured mole fractions of the exhaust gas components; Iterate and update using the gradient descent method. This continues until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold (e.g., ...). This allows us to obtain the optimal response parameters. If the parameters are known, the pre-stored parameters are directly called. Value (e.g., 0.9).

[0038] Secondly, such as Figure 6 As shown, the key data input in this embodiment includes: fuel inlet flow rate (such as hydrogen, propane, methane, methanol, water), oxidant flow rate (such as reformer air, cathode air, burner air); and system operating parameters, including ambient temperature, reformer temperature, stack temperature, burner temperature, preheater temperature at each stage, system exhaust temperature, stack operating current, voltage, number of cells, and leakage current.

[0039] The physical property parameter library in this application embodiment is established based on NASA thermodynamic polynomial coefficients. The enthalpy (h), entropy (s), and specific heat capacity (cp) of each component at different temperatures are calculated using a seven-term function. At the same time, the saturated vapor pressure of liquid components (such as water and methanol) is calculated based on the Antoine equation for subsequent phase transition determination.

[0040] Therefore, this embodiment supports user-defined configuration of boundary conditions including process configuration and calorific value calculation standards, accurately determines the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters based on actual stack measurement data, and integrates multi-dimensional steady-state experimental data into the thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of all nodes of core components such as the reformer and stack. This not only achieves flexible adaptation to multiple process configurations of the generalized SOFC system and personalized selection of calorific value standards, but also improves the calculation accuracy of reaction parameters and calorific value data by coupling with actual measurement data, providing comprehensive and reliable basic data support for the following steps.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, the target thermodynamic calculation model includes a reformer calculation model, an electric stack calculation model, a burner calculation model, and a heat exchanger and phase change model.

[0042] In actual execution, embodiments of this application can sequentially call the corresponding component models for calculation according to the selected system flow configuration, as follows: Reformer computational model: based on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle or the law of conservation of atoms. First, the input hydrocarbon fuel (such as...) is... , , , Assuming complete transformation , , , Subsequently, the equilibrium composition of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is calculated based on the reforming temperature and atomic balance, whereby the equilibrium composition is calculated using the following formula:

[0043] in, These are the partial pressures of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor, respectively. The Gibbs free energies are hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor, respectively. Let be the ideal gas constant. This refers to the reformer temperature.

[0044] If the system configuration is a "steam reforming anode reflux system", the program uses an iterative algorithm to solve for the circulating stream components: initialize the circulating tail gas components, mix them with the inlet fuel, and input them into the reformer and stack models, iterating repeatedly until the difference between the circulating stream components calculated in two adjacent calculations is less than the preset convergence threshold. ).

[0045] Fuel cell stack calculation model: The current corresponding to the anode side is calculated according to Faraday's law. and Consumption, while also considering the impact of leakage current; introduce the consumption determined in the above steps. Parameters are used to calculate the anode outlet composition under non-equilibrium conditions, and the oxygen consumption on the cathode side is based on the current.

[0046] Burner calculation model: Mix anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas (or supplementary air), determine whether the conditions for complete combustion are met based on oxygen balance, and if so, calculate the combustion products. , , , ).

[0047] Heat exchanger and phase change model: For heat exchangers involving liquid vaporization, calculate the saturated vapor pressure of the corresponding components based on the outlet temperature. If the total system pressure If the liquid fails to vaporize completely, the model will mark the abnormal state.

[0048] In step S102, if the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system is calculated.

[0049] In this embodiment of the application, a built-in logic judgment module is set up to automatically determine whether the calculation results in the above steps meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, including complete fuel reforming, complete exhaust gas combustion, and reasonable phase state at the heat exchanger port; the target component is at least one of the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger.

[0050] It is understood that, in this application, embodiments can calculate the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system, provided that the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions. For example, using the calculated temperatures and enthalpies of each node, the theoretical maximum heat transfer is defined as the smaller of the sensible heat changes between the hot stream cooling down to the inlet temperature of the cold stream and the cold stream heating up to the inlet temperature of the hot stream, and then the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger is calculated. Specifically, the energy flow calculation in this application involves: for each fluid in the system, calculating its total enthalpy based on its composition, temperature, and phase state using a property library. The heat loss of each component is calculated using the law of conservation of energy, i.e.:

[0051] in, For the inlet enthalpy flow, For the outlet enthalpy flow, It is used to output electrical power to the outside world from the fuel cell stack.

[0052] Next, the heat exchange efficiency can be evaluated, which involves calculating the ratio of the actual heat exchanger capacity to the theoretical maximum heat exchanger capacity. The theoretical maximum heat exchanger capacity is the smaller of the enthalpy change required for the cold stream to fully heat up and the enthalpy change required for the hot stream to fully cool down.

[0053] In addition, calorific value standard correction can be performed: if the user selects the "lower heating value (LHV)" standard in the above steps, the program first completes the full process calculation based on the higher heating value (HHV), and then corrects the fuel input energy, stack exhaust gas energy and tail gas waste heat energy according to the latent heat difference between the inlet fuel and the product, so as to ensure that the energy flow diagram meets the lower heating value engineering standard.

[0054] Therefore, the embodiments of this application eliminate abnormal data from the source through pre-process thermodynamic verification, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the actual heat exchange efficiency calculation of the heat exchanger. At the same time, the independent calculation of efficiency for each heat exchanger adapts to the heat exchanger layout differences of the multi-process configuration of the generalized SOFC system, providing key efficiency parameter support for the subsequent construction of an accurate system energy flow distribution matrix.

[0055] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before calculating the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system, the method further includes: if it is detected that the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target component do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, an error alarm corresponding to the target component is output, and the target steady-state data is reacquired; wherein, not meeting the preset thermodynamic assumptions includes at least one of the following: the ratio of the total carbon element to the total oxygen element at the reformer inlet exceeds the preset stoichiometric ratio, resulting in the risk of carbon deposition; the oxygen content in the reformer or burner is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; the partial pressure of the liquid component calculated at the preheater outlet or system exhaust port exceeds the saturated vapor pressure, resulting in an abnormal phase change; or the outlet temperature of the cold stream of the heat exchanger is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, resulting in reverse temperature difference heat transfer.

[0056] In this embodiment, the system incorporates multiple logical verification mechanisms. If none of the following conditions occur during the calculation process, it indicates that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met; if any of the following conditions occur during the calculation process, it indicates that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are not met, and the program will be interrupted and throw an exception: (1) Carbon deposition risk: If the ratio of total carbon to total oxygen exceeds the preset stoichiometric ratio at the reformer inlet, it will indicate "insufficient oxygen". (2) Incomplete oxidation: In the reformer or burner, if the oxygen content is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; (3) Abnormal phase change: If calculations indicate that water or methanol is at risk of liquefaction (i.e., partial pressure exceeds saturated vapor pressure) at the preheater outlet or system exhaust port, it will indicate "failed to completely vaporize" or "tail gas liquefaction". (4) Reverse temperature difference heat transfer: In heat exchanger calculation, if the outlet temperature of the cold stream is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, it violates the second law of thermodynamics.

[0057] Therefore, the embodiments of this application introduce... In the parameter fitting stage, errors caused by the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack deviating from the thermodynamic equilibrium state are effectively corrected. At the same time, the built-in automatic thermodynamic hypothesis verification mechanism can promptly detect abnormalities in experimental data or system faults (such as incomplete reforming or incomplete combustion), avoiding misjudgments in analysis caused by erroneous data and ensuring the accuracy and robustness of the calculation results.

[0058] In other words, this embodiment of the application outputs an error alarm and prompts for data inspection when it detects that the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target components such as the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions. It accurately locates the target component corresponding to the abnormal data and outputs a matching error alarm, specifically as follows: Figure 5As shown, the system simultaneously triggers the re-acquisition and acquisition of target steady-state data that meets the requirements, thereby ensuring the rigor and accuracy of the entire energy flow calculation and analysis process. At the same time, the targeted component error alarms improve the pertinence of re-acquiring steady-state data and significantly reduce the workload of data re-acquisition.

[0059] In step S103, based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the target component, an energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system is constructed, and the energy flow distribution matrix is ​​mapped to node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

[0060] It is understood that, based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of each component, the embodiments of this application can construct a generalized SOFC system energy flow distribution matrix, map the energy flow distribution matrix into a visual data structure, convert the system energy flow distribution matrix into Sankey diagram plotting data, define source nodes, target nodes, and flow widths, and call plotting functions to automatically generate the energy flow Sankey diagram, such as... Figure 8 The diagram shown is a Sankey diagram of the energy flow of a portable CPOx power generation system; as shown... Figure 9 The diagram shown is a Sankey diagram of the energy flow in a conventional steam reforming non-recirculating power generation system; as shown... Figure 10 The diagram shown is a Sankey diagram of energy flow in a steam reforming anode reflux power generation system. This diagram provides a clear view of the flow, conversion, and loss of energy among the various components of the system, effectively improving the efficiency of energy flow analysis. It also provides intuitive and reliable visual data support for the performance evaluation, energy loss location, and optimization of generalized SOFC systems.

[0061] Therefore, the embodiments of this application realize the automated conversion from raw data to visual charts, which significantly improves the analysis efficiency. Compared with the traditional cumbersome table calculation, this application can automatically generate energy flow Sankey diagrams. Through the intuitive mapping of the flow channel width in the Sankey diagram, researchers can quantitatively identify abnormal heat loss nodes in the system (such as the exhaust gas burner or heat exchanger side), and then adjust the insulation layer thickness or flow distribution valve opening in the physical system accordingly.

[0062] In one embodiment of this application, the energy flow distribution matrix is ​​mapped to node coordinates, channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram. This includes: mapping the source nodes, target nodes, energy values, and color identifiers in the visualization data structure of the target generalized SOFC system to node coordinates, channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram; based on the node coordinates, channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram, calling a plotting function to generate a dynamic energy flow Sankey diagram, and exporting a text-formatted analysis result file containing node definitions, flow direction relationships, and color coding.

[0063] In some embodiments, this application can perform visualization mapping: constructing an energy flow distribution matrix containing "Source Node", "Target Node", "Value", and "Color"; specifically, the program automatically traverses the source and target nodes in the energy flow table, calculates the total energy entering and leaving each node, and appends the value to the node label for intuitive display; simultaneously, colors are assigned to different types of flow streams according to a preset color mapping table; finally, the Sankey diagram drawing function interface is called to render and generate a dynamic chart in the graphical user interface, and a text file (.txt) containing node definitions, flow relationships, and color codes is generated simultaneously. This file format is compatible with common Sankey diagram online analysis tools, facilitating subsequent report generation and data interaction.

[0064] like Figure 11 As shown, the working principle of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with a specific example.

[0065] Step S1101: Configure calculation boundary conditions in response to user instructions. The boundary conditions include at least the system process configuration and the calorific value calculation standard.

[0066] Step S1102: Determine whether the characteristics of the electric stack water-gas shift reaction are known. If the characteristics of the electric stack water-gas shift reaction are known, then proceed to step S1102; otherwise, proceed to step S1103.

[0067] Step S1103: Based on the data of the stack operating current and gas outlet composition, determine the parameters of the water-gas shift reaction degree by least squares fitting or manual input.

[0068] Step S1104: After the experimental system reaches steady state, acquire the system ambient temperature, the input values ​​of the flow rates of each stream, the temperature data of each key node, as well as the operating current and voltage of the fuel cell stack and the parameters of the input water-vapor conversion reaction degree.

[0069] Step S1105: Based on the laws of mass conservation and energy conservation, calculate the fluid composition and enthalpy of each node in the reformer, fuel cell stack, burner, and heat exchanger.

[0070] Step S1106: Determine whether the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met. If the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met, proceed to step S1108; otherwise, proceed to step S1107.

[0071] Step S1107: The program outputs an error alarm, prompting the user to check the validity of the input data or the system's operating status, and then returns to the data acquisition step.

[0072] Step S1108: Calculate the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger, construct the system energy flow distribution matrix based on the input and output enthalpy values ​​of each component, automatically draw and generate the energy flow Sankey diagram, and export the analysis result file.

[0073] According to the embodiments of this application, a method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system is proposed. This method inputs the preset boundary conditions of the target generalized SOFC system, the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters determined by experimental data, and steady-state data into a thermodynamic calculation model. The model outputs the fluid composition and enthalpy of each node of the target component. After verifying that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met, the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger is calculated. Based on this efficiency and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the components, a system energy flow distribution matrix is ​​constructed. The visualization data structure is then determined, and visualization analysis results are obtained. This allows researchers to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss within the system, improving the efficiency and accuracy of SOFC system R&D testing. Therefore, this method solves the problems of related technologies where SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods only write fixed scripts for a single process and lack visualization, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing.

[0074] Next, referring to the accompanying drawings, a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device is described according to an embodiment of this application.

[0075] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0076] like Figure 12 As shown, the generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device 10 includes: a first calculation module 100, a second calculation module 200, and an analysis module 300.

[0077] Specifically, the first calculation module 100 is used to acquire experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions, so as to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack. The preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system are input into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0078] The second calculation module 200 is used to calculate the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system, provided that the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions.

[0079] The analysis module 300 is used to construct the energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the target components, and to map the energy flow distribution matrix into node coordinates, flow channel relationships and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

[0080] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the first calculation module 100 includes: a first calculation unit, a determination unit, and a second calculation unit.

[0081] The first computing unit is used to configure computing boundary conditions in response to user instructions. The boundary conditions include the process configuration and calorific value calculation standard of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0082] The determination unit is used to determine the parameters of the water-gas shift reaction degree inside the fuel cell stack using experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0083] The second calculation unit is used to input the boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and the pre-collected ambient temperature, flow rate input values ​​of each stream, target key node temperature data, and stack operating current and voltage of the SOFC system to the target thermodynamic calculation model, so as to output the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of all nodes in the reformer, stack, burner and heat exchanger of the target generalized SOFC system.

[0084] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the determining unit includes: establishing a sub-unit, setting a sub-unit, and obtaining a sub-unit.

[0085] Among them, a sub-unit is established to build a component calculation model based on mass conservation and to set the parameters of the water vapor shift reaction degree to be fitted.

[0086] Set a sub-unit to define the loss function, which is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated exhaust gas components and the measured components' mole fractions.

[0087] The sub-unit is obtained and used to iteratively update the water vapor conversion reaction degree parameter to be fitted using the gradient descent method until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold, thereby obtaining the water vapor conversion reaction degree parameter inside the stack.

[0088] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the target thermodynamic calculation model includes a reformer calculation model, an electric stack calculation model, a burner calculation model, and a heat exchanger and phase change model.

[0089] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the apparatus 10 of this application embodiment further includes a processing module.

[0090] The processing module is used to output an error alarm for the target component and reacquire the target steady-state data when it detects that the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target component do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions. Among them, failure to meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions includes at least one of the following: the ratio of the total carbon to the total oxygen at the reformer inlet exceeds the preset stoichiometric ratio, resulting in the risk of carbon deposition; the oxygen content in the reformer or burner is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; the calculated partial pressure of liquid components at the preheater outlet or system exhaust port exceeds the saturated vapor pressure, resulting in abnormal phase change; or the outlet temperature of the cold stream of the heat exchanger is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, resulting in reverse temperature difference heat transfer.

[0091] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the analysis module 300 includes a mapping unit and an analysis unit.

[0092] The mapping unit is used to map the source nodes, target nodes, energy values ​​and color labels in the visualization data structure of the target generalized SOFC system to the node coordinates, flow channel relationships and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram.

[0093] The analysis unit is used to generate a dynamic energy flow Sankey diagram by calling the plotting function based on the node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram, and to export the analysis results file in text format, which includes node definitions, flow direction relationships, and color coding.

[0094] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of an embodiment of a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method also applies to a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device of the same embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] According to the embodiments of this application, a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis device can input the preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters determined by experimental data, and steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system into a thermodynamic calculation model, and output the fluid composition and enthalpy of each node of the target component. After verifying that the preset thermodynamic assumptions are met, the actual heat transfer efficiency of each heat exchanger is calculated. Based on this efficiency and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the components, a system energy flow distribution matrix is ​​constructed, and a visualization data structure is determined accordingly to obtain visualization analysis results. This allows researchers to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss within the system, improving the efficiency and accuracy of SOFC system R&D testing. Therefore, this solves the problems of related technologies where SOFC system energy flow data analysis methods only require writing fixed scripts for a single process and lack visualization, making it difficult to intuitively grasp the details of energy transfer and loss, thus reducing the efficiency and accuracy of R&D testing.

[0096] Figure 13A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include: The memory 1301, the processor 1302, and the computer program stored on the memory 1301 and executable on the processor 1302.

[0097] When the processor 1302 executes the program, it implements a generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method provided in the above embodiments.

[0098] Furthermore, electronic devices also include: Communication interface 1303 is used for communication between memory 1301 and processor 1302.

[0099] The memory 1301 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 1302.

[0100] The memory 1301 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.

[0101] If the memory 1301, processor 1302, and communication interface 1303 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 1303, memory 1301, and processor 1302 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 13 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0102] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 1301, processor 1302, and communication interface 1303 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 1301, processor 1302, and communication interface 1303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0103] The processor 1302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0104] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system.

[0105] This embodiment also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed, is used to implement the above-described generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0107] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0108] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0109] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0110] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0112] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0113] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for energy flow calculation and visualization analysis of a generalized SOFC system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The experimental data of stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions are obtained to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack. The preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system are input into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system. If the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, calculate the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system. Based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the target component, an energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system is constructed, and the energy flow distribution matrix is ​​mapped to node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output of the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system includes: Configuring computational boundary conditions in response to user instructions, wherein the boundary conditions include the process configuration and calorific value calculation standard of the target generalized SOFC system; Using experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized SOFC system, the parameters of the water-gas shift reaction degree inside the stack are determined; The boundary conditions, the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters, and the pre-collected ambient temperature, flow rate input values ​​of each stream, target key node temperature data, and stack operating current and voltage of the SOFC system that meet the target steady-state conditions are input into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy values ​​of all nodes in the reformer, stack, burner, and heat exchanger of the target generalized SOFC system.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters for determining the degree of water-vapor shift reaction inside the fuel cell stack include: A component calculation model based on mass conservation was established, and parameters for the degree of water-vapor shift reaction to be fitted were set. Define a loss function, which is the sum of squares of the differences between the simulated exhaust gas components and the measured component mole fractions; The water vapor conversion reaction degree parameter to be fitted is iteratively updated using the gradient descent method until the loss function converges or the absolute value of the gradient is less than a preset threshold, thereby obtaining the water vapor conversion reaction degree parameter inside the fuel cell stack.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target thermodynamic calculation model includes a reformer calculation model, an electric stack calculation model, a burner calculation model, and a heat exchanger and phase change model.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before calculating the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system, the following steps are also included: If the fluid composition and enthalpy of any node in the target component do not meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions, an error alarm corresponding to the target component is output, and the target steady-state data is reacquired. The failure to meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions includes at least one of the following: the ratio of the total carbon to the total oxygen at the reformer inlet exceeds the preset stoichiometric ratio, resulting in a risk of carbon deposition; the oxygen content in the reformer or the burner is insufficient to support complete reforming or complete combustion; the calculated partial pressure of the liquid components at the preheater outlet or the system exhaust port exceeds the saturated vapor pressure, resulting in an abnormal phase change; or the outlet temperature of the cold stream of the heat exchanger is higher than the inlet temperature of the hot stream, resulting in reverse temperature difference heat transfer.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of mapping the energy flow distribution matrix to node coordinates, channel relationships, and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram includes: The source node, target node, energy value, and color identifier in the visualization data structure of the target generalized SOFC system are mapped to the node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram; Based on the node coordinates, flow channel relationships, and color coding rules of the Sankey diagram, a dynamic energy flow Sankey diagram is generated by calling a plotting function, and a text-formatted analysis result file containing node definitions, flow direction relationships, and color coding is exported.

7. A device for calculating and visualizing the energy flow of a generalized SOFC system, characterized in that, include: The first calculation module is used to acquire experimental data on the stack operating current and gas outlet composition of the target generalized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system under preset operating conditions, so as to determine the water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters inside the stack. The preset boundary conditions, water-vapor shift reaction degree parameters and target steady-state data of the target generalized SOFC system are input into the target thermodynamic calculation model to output the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes in the target component of the target generalized SOFC system. The second calculation module is used to calculate the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger in the target generalized SOFC system when the fluid composition and enthalpy of all nodes meet the preset thermodynamic assumptions. The analysis module is used to construct the energy flow distribution matrix of the target generalized SOFC system based on the actual heat exchange efficiency of each heat exchanger and the input and output enthalpy values ​​of the target component, and to map the energy flow distribution matrix into node coordinates, flow channel relationships and flow width data to automatically generate an energy flow Sankey diagram.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the generalized SOFC system energy flow calculation and visualization analysis method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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