Dust collecting device and cleaning apparatus

Abstract

This disclosure provides a dust collection device and cleaning equipment, belonging to the field of cleaning equipment. The dust collection device includes a dust cup, a cyclone separator, a shielding member, and a drive motor. The cyclone separator is disposed within the dust cup and has a dust discharge side and a clean air discharge side arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the cyclone separator. The cyclone separator includes multiple cyclone cones, each of which has an exhaust passage communicating with its interior and facing the clean air discharge side. The shielding member is rotatably disposed on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator and configured to selectively close at least a portion of the exhaust passage during rotation. The drive motor is disposed on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and is drively connected to the shielding member to drive the shielding member to rotate. The dust collection device and cleaning equipment provided by this disclosure can balance separation performance, flow capacity, structural compactness, and switching reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of cleaning equipment technology, specifically relating to a dust collection device and cleaning equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Cyclone separators are commonly used in cleaning equipment such as vacuum cleaners. They process dust-laden airflow by connecting multiple cyclone cones in parallel. After entering the cyclone cones, the dust-laden airflow rotates, and the dust moves towards the inner wall of the cyclone cone under centrifugal force and is discharged from the dust exhaust side. The separated airflow then flows to the negative pressure source through the exhaust passage facing the clean air exhaust side.

[0003] Multiple cyclone cones can improve the overall flow capacity of a cyclone separator, but the airflow handled by each cyclone cone will vary depending on the power of the negative pressure source, the operating mode, and the actual air intake. When the negative pressure source is operating at a lower power, if all cyclone cones are still connected to the clean air discharge side, the limited airflow will be dispersed to a larger number of cyclone cones, and the airflow velocity within a single cyclone cone may decrease, potentially affecting the stability of the rotating airflow and the dust separation capability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To adapt to different operating conditions, some existing dust collection devices adjust the effective flow area of ​​the cyclone separator by changing the number of cyclone cones connected to the clean gas discharge side. One type of structure sets a fixed shielding component on the clean gas discharge side of the cyclone separator and drives multiple cyclone cones and their supporting structures to rotate as a whole, creating different correspondences between different exhaust passages and the shielding component. This structure requires a cyclone separator assembly with a large driving mass and moment of inertia, resulting in a heavy load on the driving mechanism. Corresponding rotational mating structures are also required between the cyclone cones, the dust discharge structure, and other connected components. When the cyclone separator assembly rotates as a whole, the air inlet area of ​​the cyclone cone, the dust discharge area, and the sealing relationship between them and the dust cup must also adapt to the rotational movement, easily increasing the structural complexity of the dust collection device.

[0005] Existing drive mechanisms may also be located on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator. This area, situated between the cyclone separator and the negative pressure source, is the main area where purified airflow from multiple exhaust paths converges and flows towards the negative pressure source. When the drive motor, motor mounting base, and related transmission components are located in this area, they occupy the flow space of the purified airflow, causing the airflow to bypass the drive mechanism before entering the negative pressure source. This can easily lead to localized flow channel contraction, airflow deflection, and confluence interference. The larger the drive mechanism, the more significantly it occupies the clean air discharge area, and it is also detrimental to the compact arrangement of the internal structure of the dust collection device.

[0006] While some structures achieve the switching of the number of cyclone cones by blocking the exhaust passage, this requires the entire cyclone separator to rotate relative to the blocking component, failing to fully separate the cyclone separation function from the switching action. When the number of cyclone cones is large or the cyclone separator is arranged in multiple layers, the mass, support difficulty, and position control requirements of the overall rotating structure further increase. Existing dust collection devices still need to address how to switch the number of cyclone cones participating in airflow separation while keeping the cyclone separator fixed, and how to reduce the occupancy and interference of the drive mechanism on the clean air discharge area and the intake airflow of the negative pressure source.

[0007] In view of the aforementioned technical problems, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a dust collection device and cleaning equipment that can take into account separation performance, flow capacity, structural compactness and switching reliability.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided in this disclosure is as follows:

[0009] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a dust collection device, which includes a dust cup, a cyclone separator, a shield, and a drive motor; the cyclone separator is disposed within the dust cup and has a dust discharge side and a clean air discharge side disposed opposite to each other along the axial direction of the cyclone separator; the cyclone separator includes a plurality of cyclone cones, each of which has an exhaust passage communicating with its interior and disposed toward the clean air discharge side; the shield is rotatably disposed on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator and configured to selectively close at least a portion of the exhaust passage when rotating; the drive motor is disposed on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and is drively connected to the shield to drive the shield to rotate. By rotatably mounting the shielding component on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, the shielding component can selectively block part of the exhaust passage of the cyclone cones, thereby adjusting the actual number of cyclone cones connected to the clean air discharge side, so that the effective flow area of ​​the cyclone separator can adapt to different airflow rates; the cyclone separator does not need to rotate as a whole during switching, which can reduce the mass of rotating parts and drive load; the drive motor is mounted on the dust discharge side, which can reduce the drive motor's occupation of the clean air discharge area and airflow obstruction, and reduce the interference encountered by the purified airflow when it flows to the negative pressure source.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the dust collection device includes a drive shaft that extends axially through the cyclone separator. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the shielding member. By providing a drive shaft that extends axially through the cyclone separator, the power generated by the drive motor on the dust discharge side can be transmitted to the shielding member on the clean air discharge side, forming a more direct axial transmission path. This avoids the need for a complex transmission mechanism that occupies radial space on the outer periphery of the cyclone separator, thus helping to maintain a compact structure for the dust collection device.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the output shaft of the drive motor, the transmission shaft, and the rotation axis of the shielding member are all coaxially arranged with the central axis of the cyclone separator. By making the output shaft of the drive motor, the transmission shaft, the rotation axis of the shielding member, and the central axis of the cyclone separator coaxial, the eccentric load, radial force, and rotational sway during transmission can be reduced, and the circumferential positional accuracy of the shielding member relative to each exhaust passage can be improved.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the dust cup is provided with a guide tube extending axially along the cyclone separator and a fine dust cylinder. The guide tube connects the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and the fine dust cylinder. The drive motor is at least partially housed within the guide tube, and the output shaft of the drive motor is oriented towards the cyclone separator. By connecting the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and the fine dust cylinder through the guide tube, the fine dust separated by the cyclone cone can be concentrated and guided to the fine dust cylinder, reducing the possibility of fine dust re-entering the airflow. Since the drive motor is at least partially housed within the guide tube, the axial space in the middle of the dust cup can be used to install the drive motor, reducing the drive motor's occupation of the radial space of the dust cup and achieving an integrated arrangement of the dust discharge structure and the drive structure.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, a dust discharge channel is formed inside the guide tube, bypassing the drive motor and communicating with the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and the fine dust cylinder respectively. The dust discharge channel includes at least one of the following: an annular dust discharge channel formed by the outer peripheral surface of the motor housing of the drive motor and the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube spaced apart; a motor compartment for accommodating the drive motor provided inside the guide tube, and a dust discharge channel formed by the outer peripheral wall of the motor compartment and the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube spaced apart; and a bypass dust discharge channel located outside the drive motor and having a dust inlet end communicating with the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and a dust outlet end communicating with the fine dust cylinder.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the drive motor includes a closed motor housing and an output shaft extending out of the motor housing. A dust cover is fitted around the outer periphery of the output shaft. One end of the dust cover is sealed to the motor housing, and the other end of the dust cover is sealed to the outer periphery of the output shaft.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the cyclone separator further includes a top cover disposed on the clean gas discharge side. The top cover has multiple exhaust holes, each of which is connected to an exhaust passage of a plurality of cyclone cones. The shielding member is rotatably disposed on the side of the top cover opposite to the cyclone cones. By providing a top cover with multiple exhaust holes on the clean gas discharge side of the cyclone separator, the exhaust passages of the plurality of cyclone cones can be guided to relatively defined exhaust positions, facilitating the shielding member to switch the opening and closing states of each exhaust passage by rotation on the outside of the top cover. The top cover can also separate the dust-laden airflow area from the clean gas discharge area, reducing the likelihood of unseparated airflow bypassing the cyclone cones and directly entering the clean gas discharge side.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, at least some of the vent holes are respectively provided with elastically deformable flexible tubes, which are disposed between the top cover and the shielding member. Each flexible tube has an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end communicating with the corresponding vent hole, and the outlet end facing the shielding member. The shielding member is configured to close the corresponding vent passage by sealing the outlet end of the flexible tube. By providing elastically deformable flexible tubes between the top cover and the shielding member, the shielding member can close the corresponding vent passage by pressing the outlet end of the flexible tube. The flexible tubes can compensate for dimensional errors and assembly gaps between the top cover, the shielding member, and the vent holes, improving the sealing reliability when the vent passage is closed, and reducing wear and impact caused by direct contact between the rigid shielding member and the rigid top cover.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the periphery of the outlet end of the flexible tube protrudes radially inward to form an annular flange portion, which surrounds an opening communicating with the exhaust port. By providing an annular flange portion protruding radially inward at the outlet end of the flexible tube, the effective contact area between the flexible tube and the shielding member can be increased, allowing the clamping force of the shielding member to be distributed circumferentially along the outlet end, facilitating the formation of a continuous annular sealing boundary, and reducing the possibility of air leakage from the periphery of the outlet end of the flexible tube when the exhaust passage is closed.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the shielding member has a shielding portion protruding towards the flexible tube. When the shielding member is rotated to a position where the shielding portion is aligned with the outlet end of the flexible tube, the shielding portion presses against the side of the annular flange portion away from the top cover and continuously abuts against the annular flange portion circumferentially to close the opening. By providing a shielding portion protruding towards the flexible tube on the shielding member, the shielding portion can press against the annular flange portion after being aligned with the outlet end of the flexible tube, and continuously abut against the annular flange portion circumferentially, thus completely closing the opening of the flexible tube. The partially protruding shielding portion can also reduce the large-area friction between the shielding member and the top cover, allowing the flexible tube that is not aligned with the shielding portion to maintain normal exhaust.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the flexible tube includes a connecting portion connected to the top cover and an elastically deformable portion located between the connecting portion and the outlet end of the flexible tube. The elastically deformable portion has an annular contraction portion extending circumferentially along the flexible tube. The annular contraction portion contracts radially inward along the flexible tube, allowing the outlet end to elastically move relative to the inlet end along the axial direction of the flexible tube. By providing an elastically deformable portion with an annular contraction portion between the connecting portion and the outlet end of the flexible tube, the outlet end of the flexible tube can elastically move axially under the pressing action of the blocking member, absorbing the pressing displacement applied by the blocking member. The annular contraction portion can reduce the axial deformation stiffness of the flexible tube, improve the compression and recovery capability of the flexible tube, and reduce the local stress borne by the outlet end during repeated switching.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the shielding member includes a base and a baffle connected to the base. The base surrounds the outer periphery of the cyclone separator and rotatably engages with the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup. The baffle covers the side of the top cover opposite to the cyclone cone. By having the base surround the outer periphery of the cyclone separator and rotatably engage with the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup, the base can provide peripheral support and radial guidance for the baffle, reducing the deflection of the baffle during rotation. The baffle covering the outside of the top cover allows for unified control of multiple exhaust passages, while simultaneously improving the overall structural strength and rotational stability of the shielding member.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the baffle has at least one through hole and at least one blocking part. The through hole is configured to connect the exhaust passage to the clean air discharge side when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage, and the blocking part is configured to close the exhaust passage when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage. When the blocking part is in any switching position, at least one exhaust passage remains connected to the clean air discharge side through the corresponding through hole. By providing through holes and blocking parts on the baffle, when the baffle is rotated to different positions, some exhaust passages remain connected through the through holes, while some exhaust passages are closed by the blocking parts, thereby switching the effective flow state of the cyclone separator. At least one exhaust passage remains connected to the clean air discharge side in any switching position, which can avoid the interruption of airflow, sudden changes in system pressure, or abnormal operation of the negative pressure source caused by the simultaneous closure of all exhaust passages.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the shielding member has multiple preset switching positions distributed around its rotation axis. When the shielding member is in different preset switching positions, the number and / or combination of exhaust passages blocked by the shielding member are different. By setting multiple preset switching positions and making the number and / or combination of exhaust passages blocked when the shielding member is in different preset switching positions different, multiple repeatable flow levels can be formed, enabling the cyclone separator to adjust the number and distribution position of the cyclone cones participating in the operation according to the negative pressure source power, actual air intake volume, dust concentration, or cleaning mode.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the dust collection device further includes a sensor and a controller. The sensor is used to detect the actual air intake volume of the dust collection device and / or the dust concentration in the airflow entering the dust collection device. The controller is communicatively connected to the sensor and the drive motor, respectively. The controller is configured to acquire at least one operating parameter among the actual air intake volume, the dust concentration, the power of the negative pressure source, and the cleaning mode, and control the drive motor to drive the shield to rotate to the corresponding preset switching position according to the operating parameters, so as to adjust the number and / or combination of the cyclone cones connected to the clean air discharge side.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, a portion of the plurality of exhaust holes are provided with the flexible tube, while another portion is not provided with the flexible tube. The shielding member is configured to selectively close the exhaust passage corresponding to the exhaust hole provided with the flexible tube, and to allow at least a portion of the exhaust holes without the flexible tube to communicate with the clean air discharge side through the through hole. By providing the flexible tube only at some of the exhaust holes, the plurality of exhaust passages can be divided into exhaust passages that can be selectively closed and exhaust passages that remain connected, reducing the number of flexible tubes and the rotational resistance of the shielding member. The fact that at least a portion of the exhaust holes without the flexible tube are continuously connected through the through hole ensures that the dust collection device has a stable minimum flow capacity, avoiding the complete cutoff of the clean air discharge path due to control errors.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the cyclone separator includes multiple cyclone separation layers arranged axially along the axial direction of the cyclone separator, each cyclone separation layer including multiple cyclone cones; multiple shielding members are provided, one shielding member corresponding to the clean air discharge side of each cyclone separation layer, and multiple shielding members are all connected to the same drive shaft. By setting multiple axially layered cyclone separation layers and providing shielding members for each cyclone separation layer, the number of effective cyclone cones in different cyclone separation layers can be adjusted separately; multiple shielding members connected to the same drive shaft can be synchronously driven by the same drive motor, reducing the number of drive motors and transmission components, and improving the consistency and controllability of switching actions between different cyclone separation layers.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the cyclone separator is fixed relative to the dust cup in the circumferential direction of the cyclone separator so that the cyclone separator remains stationary relative to the dust cup when the shield rotates.

[0027] Secondly, this disclosure provides a cleaning device, which includes the aforementioned dust collection device and a negative pressure source for generating an intake airflow. The negative pressure source is located on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, and the drive motor is located on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator. The negative pressure source and the drive motor are respectively located on opposite axial sides of the cyclone separator. By placing the negative pressure source and the drive motor on the clean air discharge side and the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator, respectively, the drive motor and its mounting structure can be prevented from occupying the clean air confluence space between the cyclone separator and the negative pressure source. This allows the purified airflow to enter the negative pressure source along a more continuous path, reducing airflow detours, channel contraction, and local pressure loss.

[0028] The dust collection device and cleaning equipment disclosed herein, by setting a rotatable shielding component on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, allows the shielding component to selectively close the exhaust passage of part of the cyclone cone according to working requirements, thereby changing the actual number of cyclone cones participating in airflow separation and the effective flow area of ​​the cyclone separator. When the airflow is small, the airflow can be concentrated through a smaller number of cyclone cones to maintain a higher airflow velocity and a stable rotational separation state within a single cyclone cone. When the airflow is large, more exhaust passages can be opened to improve the overall flow capacity. The cyclone separator remains fixed during switching, with the exhaust passage switching only completed by the shielding component, which can reduce the mass, rotational inertia, and drive load of moving parts, and reduce the complexity of the follow-up design of the cyclone cone air intake, dust discharge, and sealing structure. The drive motor is located on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator, which can also reduce its occupation and obstruction of the clean air discharge area and airflow convergence path, allowing the purified airflow to flow more smoothly to the negative pressure source, thereby taking into account separation performance, flow capacity, structural compactness, and switching reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments recorded in this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a dust collection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a partial structure of the dust collection device in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the dust collection device in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shielding member in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flexible tube in one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0036] 1-Dust cup, 2-Cyclone separator, 21-Cyclone cone, 22-Exhaust passage, 23-Dust discharge side, 24-Clean air discharge side, 25-Cyclone separation layer, 3-Shielding component, 31-Base, 32-Baffle, 321-Through hole, 322-Shielding part, 323-Shaft hole, 4-Drive motor, 41-Output shaft, 42-Motor housing, 5-Transmission shaft, 6-Guide tube, 61-Dust discharge passage, 62-Motor compartment, 7-Fine dust cylinder, 8-Top cover, 81-Exhaust hole, 9-Flexible tube, 91-Inlet end, 92-Outlet end, 93-Annular flange part, 94-Opening, 95-Connecting part, 96-Elastic deformation part, 97-Annular contraction part. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0038] Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises" shall be understood to include the stated elements or components without excluding other elements or other components.

[0039] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. In the embodiments shown in this disclosure, directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are relative and used to explain the relative positional and movement relationships between different components in this disclosure. These representations are appropriate when the components are in the positions shown in the figures. However, if the description of the component positions changes, then these representations are considered to change accordingly.

[0040] Cyclone separators typically utilize multiple parallel cyclone separation branches to handle dust-laden airflow. The more cyclone separation branches, the larger the total flow area the separator can provide, making it suitable for handling higher air volumes. However, when the negative pressure source operates at low power or the actual air intake is small, the airflow still disperses into all cyclone separation branches, reducing the flow rate handled by each individual branch. Insufficient rotating airflow velocity weakens the centrifugal force on dust, potentially affecting fine dust separation. Therefore, multi-cone cyclone separators need to adjust the effective flow area according to the actual airflow to ensure the number of participating cyclone separation branches matches the current airflow.

[0041] After analyzing existing variable multi-cone structures, the inventors discovered that some solutions change the number of cyclone separation branches connected to the negative pressure source by driving the entire cyclone separator body to move, thereby altering the multiple exhaust positions relative to the fixed shielding structure. While this method can change the effective flow area, it requires the cyclone separator body and its auxiliary structures to move together. The large number and mass of moving parts correspondingly increase the driving load and moment of inertia. Maintaining a connection between the cyclone separator body and the intake structure, dust discharge structure, and dust cup to accommodate relative movement also increases the difficulty of support, positioning, and sealing. Furthermore, the airflow boundary around the cyclone separator body changes during movement, potentially disturbing the distribution of dust-laden airflow and the dust emission state.

[0042] The inventors also discovered that if the drive mechanism of the variable multi-cone structure is centrally located in the exhaust area of ​​the purified airflow, the drive mechanism and its mounting structure will occupy the space required for the airflow from multiple cyclone separation branches to converge and flow towards the negative pressure source. The purified airflow needs to bypass the drive mechanism, which can easily lead to channel contraction, changes in flow direction, and localized confluence interference.

[0043] Based on the foregoing understanding, this disclosure separates the cyclone separation function and the flow switching function. The cyclone separation main body remains stable during switching, while a smaller flow adjustment structure alters the connection between some cyclone separation branches and the clean gas discharge area. When the exhaust connection of a cyclone separation branch is closed, the pressure difference between its inlet and exhaust sides decreases accordingly, and the airflow received by that cyclone separation branch decreases or stops. The connected cyclone separation branches continue to handle the dust-laden airflow, thereby adjusting the number of effective cyclone separation branches without changing the position of the cyclone separation main body.

[0044] The present disclosure also rearranges the driving area and the clean air discharge area from the overall air flow organization, so that the driving effect can be transmitted from the other side of the cyclone separation main body to the flow regulation structure, reducing the occupation of the purification air flow collection space by the driving mechanism. This design concept enables the driving function, the cyclone separation function, and the clean air conveying function to utilize different spaces respectively, reducing the mutual interference between the functional structures. A relatively continuous clean air flow area can be reserved between the negative pressure source and the cyclone separation device, and the flow switching action does not need to change the matching state between the cyclone separation main body, the intake path, and the dust discharge path.

[0045] As shown Figures 1 to 3 In the dust collection device in an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in the figure, the dust collection device includes a dust cup 1, a cyclone separation device 2, a shielding member 3, and a driving motor 4. The dust cup 1 forms an internal space for accommodating the cyclone separation device 2 and collecting dust. The dust cup 1 may have an intake area for the dust-containing air to enter, an outlet area for the purified air to be discharged, and a dust collection area for storing the separated dust. The cyclone separation device 2 is disposed in the dust cup 1 and can receive the dust-containing air that has been preliminarily separated or filtered by the dust cup 1. The cyclone separation device 2 has a dust discharge side 23 and a clean air discharge side 24 that are oppositely arranged along its own axis. The dust discharge side 23 is the side where the dust in the cyclone separation device 2 is discharged from the cyclone cone 21, and the clean air discharge side 24 is the side where the air flow after cyclone separation is discharged from the cyclone cone 21. The dust discharge side 23 and the clean air discharge side 24 are located on the opposite sides of the axis of the cyclone separation device 2, so that an air flow path composed of intake, rotational separation, dust discharge, and exhaust is formed inside the cyclone cone 21.

[0046] The cyclone separation device 2 includes a plurality of cyclone cones 21. The plurality of cyclone cones 21 can be arranged circumferentially along the cyclone separation device 2, or can be arranged in a single layer, multiple layers, or an inner and outer offset arrangement according to the internal space of the dust cup 1. Each cyclone cone 21 has a cyclone separation chamber. After the dust-containing air enters the cyclone separation chamber, it rotates around the axis of the cyclone cone 21. The dust moves towards the inner wall of the cyclone cone 21 under the centrifugal force and moves towards the dust discharge side 23 along the inner wall of the cyclone cone 21. The separated air flow converges towards the central area of the cyclone cone 21 and leaves the cyclone cone 21 through the exhaust passage 22 arranged towards the clean air discharge side 24. Each exhaust passage 22 is respectively connected to the inside of the corresponding cyclone cone 21, so that the plurality of cyclone cones 21 can form mutually parallel air flow separation branches.

[0047] A shielding member 3 is rotatably disposed on the clean gas discharge side 24 of the cyclone separator 2. The shielding member 3 can rotate relative to the cyclone separator 2 about a predetermined rotation axis, while the cyclone separator 2 and the plurality of cyclone cones 21 remain fixed during switching. The shielding member 3 has shielding areas and clearance areas that can form different correspondences with the plurality of exhaust passages 22. When the shielding member 3 rotates to different positions, the shielding areas can be opposite to different exhaust passages 22 and close the corresponding exhaust passages 22, while the clearance areas allow the remaining exhaust passages 22 to communicate with the clean gas discharge side 24. The shielding member 3 can thus selectively close at least part of the exhaust passages 22, cutting off or significantly weakening the airflow connection between the cyclone cone 21 corresponding to the closed exhaust passage 22 and the clean gas discharge side 24. The pressure difference at both ends of the corresponding cyclone cone 21 decreases accordingly, and the airflow entering the cyclone cone 21 decreases or essentially stops. The unclosed exhaust passages 22 continue to communicate with the clean gas discharge side 24, and the corresponding cyclone cone 21 continues to participate in the separation of dust-laden airflow.

[0048] After the shielding component 3 rotates, the number of cyclone cones 21 connected to the clean air discharge side 24 can be changed according to the working power of the cleaning equipment, the flow rate of the air to be treated, the dust concentration, or the cleaning mode. Under low airflow or low power conditions, some exhaust passages 22 can be closed, allowing the limited airflow to concentrate through a smaller number of cyclone cones 21, maintaining the required rotational speed inside the cyclone cones 21. Under high airflow conditions, more exhaust passages 22 can be opened, allowing more cyclone cones 21 to work simultaneously, thereby expanding the total flow area of ​​the cyclone separator 2. This switching method does not require the cyclone separator 2 and other separation structures inside the dust cup 1 to rotate as a whole, which can reduce the mass, inertia, and assembly burden of rotating parts.

[0049] The drive motor 4 is located on the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2 and is connected to the shield 3 via a transmission connection structure. The rotational power generated by the drive motor 4 is transmitted to the shield 3 located on the clean air discharge side 24 via the transmission connection structure, causing the shield 3 to rotate relative to the cyclone separator 2. The drive motor 4 and the shield 3 are located on opposite axial sides of the cyclone separator 2. The drive motor 4 does not occupy the exhaust confluence area near the negative pressure source on the clean air discharge side 24, which reduces the obstruction of the purified airflow by the drive motor 4 housing, wires, and mounting structure. The location of the drive motor 4 on the dust discharge side 23 also allows the use of the installation space in the middle of the dust cup 1 or near the dust discharge channel, enabling the drive structure and the airflow discharge structure to be arranged separately. This structure uses the shield 3 as the active rotating component, and achieves variable multi-cone switching by changing the opening and closing state of the exhaust passage 22, and keeps the drive component away from the main clean airflow channel between the cyclone separator 2 and the negative pressure source.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 1As shown, the cyclone separator 2 is fixed circumferentially relative to the dust cup 1 so that the cyclone separator 2 remains stationary relative to the dust cup 1 when the shielding member 3 rotates. The cyclone separator 2 can be installed inside the dust cup 1 via a circumferential limiting structure, which restricts the rotation of the cyclone separator 2 relative to the dust cup 1 around its own central axis. The circumferential limiting structure can be a positioning key and keyway, a snap-fit ​​part and a snap-fit ​​groove, a non-circular mating surface, a fastener connection, or other structures that can form a circumferential anti-rotation fit.

[0051] When the cyclone separator 2 remains stationary, the positions of the multiple cyclone cones 21, multiple exhaust passages 22, dust discharge side 23, clean air discharge side 24, and each cyclone separation layer 25 relative to the dust cup 1 remain stable. The air inlet direction, dust discharge direction, and exhaust position of each cyclone cone 21 will not change due to the switching action of the shielding member 3, and the connection and sealing relationship between the cyclone separator 2 and the guide pipe 6, the fine dust cylinder 7, and the top cover 8 do not need to be set as a movable fit relationship to adapt to the overall rotation. The dust separated by the cyclone cones 21 can continuously enter the guide pipe 6 from the dust discharge side 23 and be discharged into the fine dust cylinder 7 along the guide pipe 6, reducing the disturbance to the dust discharge path caused by the overall rotation of the cyclone separator 2. In an exemplary embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the dust collection device includes a drive shaft 5, which runs axially through the cyclone separator 2. One end of the drive shaft 5 is connected to the output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4, and the other end is connected to the shielding member 3. The drive shaft 5 can cross the dust discharge side 23 and the clean air discharge side 24 of the cyclone separator 2, transmitting the rotational power of the drive motor 4 to the shielding member 3. The drive shaft 5 can pass through the axial channel formed in the middle of the cyclone separator 2, or through the hollow area enclosed by multiple cyclone cones 21, avoiding occupying the circumferential arrangement area of ​​the cyclone cones 21 and the main air intake space.

[0052] The drive shaft 5 and the output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4 can be directly connected, connected by a coupling, sleeved, splined, or plugged in with a non-circular cross section. The drive shaft 5 and the shielding member 3 can be fixedly connected, allowing the shielding member 3 to rotate synchronously with the drive shaft 5, or they can be detachably connected for easy assembly, cleaning, or replacement of the shielding member 3. A shaft hole 323 can be formed in the middle of the shielding member 3 to mate with the drive shaft 5. The end of the drive shaft 5 away from the drive motor 4 passes through the shaft hole 323, and the shielding member 3 is restricted from rotating relative to the drive shaft 5 by means of a flat section, keyway, spline, snap-fit, or fastener.

[0053] The drive shaft 5 passes axially through the cyclone separator 2, making the power transmission path essentially straight, eliminating the need for gears, belts, or offset connecting rods on the outer periphery of the cyclone separator 2. This structure reduces the radial space occupied by the transmission mechanism in the dust cup 1 and prevents the transmission components from crossing the air intake area of ​​the cyclone cone 21. When the drive motor 4 rotates, the drive shaft 5 drives the shielding member 3 to rotate around the central area of ​​the cyclone separator 2, while the cyclone separator 2 itself remains stationary. The drive shaft 5 can also be supported by bearings, bushings, or guide holes located in the middle of the cyclone separator 2 to limit radial sway and improve the rotational position accuracy of the shielding member 3.

[0054] A rotational clearance can be maintained between the drive shaft 5 and the cyclone separator 2. A sealing ring, labyrinth seal structure, or flexible seal can be installed at this clearance to reduce the axial flow of dust-laden air along the drive shaft 5. Preferably, the outer periphery of the drive shaft 5 is spaced apart from each cyclone cone 21, dust discharge channel, and guide structure to prevent friction between the drive shaft 5 and the cyclone separator 2 during rotation. This through-type drive structure can drive the shielding member 3 on the clean air discharge side 24 while arranging the drive motor 4 on the dust discharge side 23, balancing power transmission efficiency and internal space utilization of the cyclone separator 2.

[0055] Preferably, the reference Figure 1 As shown, the rotation axes of the output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4, the transmission shaft 5, and the shielding member 3 are all coaxially arranged with the central axis of the cyclone separator 2. The central axis of the cyclone separator 2 can be determined by the geometric center around which multiple cyclone cones 21 are located, or it can coincide with the central axis of the dust cup 1. The drive motor 4 is installed on the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2, and its output shaft 41 extends along the central axis of the cyclone separator 2 toward the clean air discharge side 24. The transmission shaft 5 is coaxially connected to the output shaft 41 and passes through the cyclone separator 2 along the central axis, while the shielding member 3 is arranged on the clean air discharge side 24 with the central axis as its rotation axis.

[0056] The coaxial arrangement allows the torque output from the drive motor 4 to be transmitted linearly to the shielding member 3, reducing the radial component force and additional bending moment caused by eccentric transmission. The drive shaft 5 is less prone to significant swaying during rotation, and the circumferential position of the shielding member 3 relative to the multiple exhaust passages 22 is more stable. The multiple exhaust passages 22 are typically arranged circumferentially around the central axis of the cyclone separator 2. After the shielding member 3 rotates around the same central axis, the shielding area and the avoidance area can move stably along the circumference of each exhaust passage 22, facilitating accurate switching of the exhaust passages 22 at predetermined angles.

[0057] The drive motor 4, transmission shaft 5, and shielding component 3 form a coaxial transmission chain, which also simplifies the internal support structure of the dust cup 1. The drive motor 4 can be fixed to the bottom structure of the dust cup 1, the guide tube 6, or the fine dust cylinder 7 via a motor mount. The transmission shaft 5 can be supported by a bushing located in the middle of the cyclone separator 2. The shielding component 3 can be rotated and positioned via the outer peripheral base 31 or the central shaft hole 323. All support positions are arranged along the same axis, and coaxiality can be ensured during assembly using positioning pins, stops, etc.

[0058] The coaxial layout ensures a more uniform distribution of the mass of the shielding component 3 around the rotation axis, reducing eccentric vibration and noise during rotation. The drive motor 4 only needs to overcome the rotational inertia of the shielding component 3 and the transmission shaft 5, without needing to drive the rotation of multiple cyclone cones 21, the separation bracket, and the dust collection structure as a whole, resulting in a smaller drive load. When the shielding component 3 stops at the preset switching position, the output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4 and the transmission shaft 5 are less prone to positional displacement due to radial load, thereby maintaining the alignment and closure between the shielding component 3 and the exhaust passage 22.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 1 As shown, the dust cup 1 is equipped with a guide pipe 6 and a fine dust cylinder 7. The guide pipe 6 extends axially along the cyclone separator 2, with one end connected to the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2 and the other end connected to the fine dust cylinder 7. The fine dust separated in the cyclone cone 21 is discharged from the dust discharge side 23 and enters the guide pipe 6, and is guided by the guide pipe 6 to the fine dust cylinder 7. The wall of the guide pipe 6 separates the fine dust conveying path from the air intake area or primary separation area in the dust cup 1, reducing the re-entrainment of separated fine dust by the surrounding high-speed airflow.

[0060] The fine dust collection tube 7 can be formed inside the dust cup 1 and located in the middle or bottom of the dust cup 1. The guide tube 6 can be integrally formed with the fine dust collection tube 7, or it can be connected to the fine dust collection tube 7 through a sealed plug-in structure. The end of the guide tube 6 near the cyclone separator 2 can be connected to a dust collection structure shared by multiple cyclone cones 21, so that the dust discharged from multiple cyclone cones 21 first flows into the guide tube 6 and then concentrates into the fine dust collection tube 7. The inner wall of the guide tube 6 preferably extends smoothly along the dust discharge direction to reduce the accumulation of fine dust at the turning points of the tube wall.

[0061] The drive motor 4 is at least partially housed within the guide tube 6, which, while performing the function of conveying fine dust, also forms a space to accommodate the drive motor 4. The drive motor 4 can be located in the middle of the guide tube 6, with an annular channel for fine dust passage maintained between the outer periphery of the motor housing 42 and the inner wall of the guide tube 6; alternatively, the drive motor 4 can be located in an independent motor compartment 62 within the guide tube 6, with the outer wall of the motor compartment 62 and the guide tube 6 jointly defining the fine dust channel. If the drive motor 4 completely blocks the cross-section of the guide tube 6, one or more bypass dust discharge channels can be provided on the outside of the motor housing 42, allowing dust to bypass the drive motor 4 and enter the fine dust cylinder 7.

[0062] The output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4 is oriented towards the cyclone separator 2, allowing the output shaft 41 to transmit power to the clean air discharge side 24 via the transmission shaft 5. The drive motor 4 is located inside the guide tube 6, utilizing the central space of the existing dust removal structure and reducing the radial dimension increase caused by adding a separate motor mounting cavity around the dust cup 1. The motor housing 42 can be fixedly connected to the motor compartment 62 inside the guide tube 6. The motor compartment 62 also forms a dust-guiding slope, guiding dust around the drive motor 4.

[0063] The motor housing 42 can be a closed structure, with a sealing ring or dust cover installed at the outlet of the output shaft 41. The fine dust airflow in the guide pipe 6 will not directly enter the rotor and stator areas of the drive motor 4. This layout combines the fine dust conveying channel with the installation space of the drive motor 4, realizing both the power arrangement of the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2 and maintaining the dust discharge path from the cyclone cone 21 to the fine dust cylinder 7.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 1 As shown, a dust discharge channel 61 is formed inside the guide tube 6, bypassing the drive motor 4. One end of the dust discharge channel 61 is connected to the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2, and the other end is connected to the fine dust cylinder 7. The fine dust separated by the cyclone cone 21 is discharged from the dust discharge side 23 and enters the dust discharge channel 61, flowing along the outside of the drive motor 4 to the fine dust cylinder 7, so that a continuous dust discharge path can be maintained even when the drive motor 4 is at least partially housed inside the guide tube 6. The dust discharge channel 61 can be formed into an annular dust discharge channel, a dust discharge channel around the motor compartment, or a bypass dust discharge channel, depending on the installation method of the drive motor 4 inside the guide tube 6. The aforementioned different forms can be selected individually or combined.

[0065] In one embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the motor housing 42 of the drive motor 4 and the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube 6 are radially spaced apart along the guide tube 6, forming an annular dust discharge channel extending around the outer periphery of the motor housing 42. The annular dust discharge channel can extend continuously along the entire circumference of the drive motor 4, or it can be divided into multiple circumferentially arranged sub-channels by support ribs located between the motor housing 42 and the guide tube 6. The support ribs are used to fix the drive motor 4 and extend along the dust discharge direction to reduce its obstruction of fine dust flow. After entering the annular dust discharge channel, fine dust can bypass the drive motor 4 from different circumferential positions of the motor housing 42, resulting in a more uniform dust discharge cross-section distribution and reducing the impact of the drive motor 4 on the flow capacity of the guide tube 6.

[0066] In another embodiment, a motor compartment 62 is provided inside the guide tube 6, and the drive motor 4 is at least partially housed within the motor compartment 62. The wall of the motor compartment 62 separates the drive motor 4 from the dust discharge channel 61. The outer peripheral wall of the motor compartment 62 is spaced apart from the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube 6, and the gap between them constitutes the dust discharge channel 61. The motor compartment 62 may have a cylindrical structure extending axially along the guide tube 6, with a through-shaft position for the output shaft 41 to extend from one end near the cyclone separator 2, and the remaining area of ​​the motor compartment 62 remains relatively closed. After the drive motor 4 is installed in the motor compartment 62, fine dust passes along the outer periphery of the motor compartment 62 without directly contacting the main body of the drive motor 4, which reduces the possibility of dust entering the interior of the drive motor 4 or adhering to the surface of the drive motor 4. The motor compartment 62 can also serve as a mounting base for the drive motor 4, providing radial positioning and axial support for the drive motor 4.

[0067] In another embodiment, the drive motor 4 or the motor housing 62 occupies part or all of the central cross-section of the guide tube 6, and the dust discharge channel 61 includes one or more bypass dust discharge channels located outside the drive motor 4. The bypass dust discharge channel has an inlet end facing the dust discharge side 23 of the cyclone separator 2 and an outlet end communicating with the fine dust cylinder 7. The bypass dust discharge channel can be formed within the wall of the guide tube 6, or it can be formed by the inner wall of the guide tube 6 and the guide wall located outside the drive motor 4. Multiple bypass dust discharge channels can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drive motor 4, allowing fine dust discharged from different cyclone cones 21 to enter adjacent bypass dust discharge channels respectively. The inlet end of the bypass dust discharge channel can be provided with a guide slope or a rounded transition surface to guide the dust discharged from the dust discharge side 23 to the outside of the drive motor 4, reducing dust accumulation after impacting the motor housing 42. The aforementioned arrangement of the dust discharge channel 61 enables the guide pipe 6 to simultaneously undertake the functions of installing the drive motor 4 and conveying fine dust. While utilizing the central space of the dust cup 1 to arrange the drive motor 4, it ensures the dust discharge connection between the cyclone separator 2 and the fine dust cylinder 7.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 1 As shown, the drive motor 4 includes a closed motor housing 42 and an output shaft 41 extending through the motor housing 42. The motor housing 42 surrounds the rotor, stator, and other electrical components of the drive motor 4, separating the internal working area of ​​the drive motor 4 from the dusty environment in the guide tube 6. The motor housing 42 may be formed by multiple interconnected housing parts, with sealing rings, sealant, or mutually pressing sealing surfaces between the housing parts to reduce the entry of fine dust into the motor housing 42 from the housing connection points. The output shaft 41 extends toward the cyclone separator 2 and connects to the drive shaft 5 to transmit the torque generated by the drive motor 4 to the shield 3 located on the clean air discharge side 24.

[0069] A dust cover can be fitted around the outer periphery of the output shaft 41, located where the output shaft 41 protrudes from the motor housing 42. One end of the dust cover is sealed to the motor housing 42, and the other end is sealed to the outer periphery of the output shaft 41, thereby shielding the through-shaft gap between the output shaft 41 and the motor housing 42. The end of the dust cover connected to the motor housing 42 can be fitted onto an annular boss on the outside of the motor housing 42, or it can be embedded in a mounting groove formed in the motor housing 42 and fixed by interference fit, snap-fit ​​structure, pressure ring, or sealant. The end of the dust cover that mates with the output shaft 41 can form a sealing lip that protrudes radially inward. The sealing lip elastically abuts against the outer peripheral surface of the output shaft 41, so that the through-shaft gap can still be blocked when the output shaft 41 rotates.

[0070] The dust cover can be made of rubber, silicone, or thermoplastic elastomer, and has elasticity to accommodate rotation and slight radial displacement of the output shaft 41. One or more axially spaced sealing lips can be provided on the portion of the dust cover near the output shaft 41, forming a multi-level dustproof zone between the multiple sealing lips and the output shaft 41. The dust cover can also be corrugated to absorb minor axial displacement of the output shaft 41 relative to the motor housing 42, preventing the dust cover from detaching from the motor housing 42 due to repeated deformation. In an exemplary embodiment, see... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cyclone separator 2 also includes a top cover 8 disposed on the clean gas discharge side 24. The top cover 8 covers one end of the plurality of cyclone cones 21 facing the clean gas discharge side 24 and is connected to the support structure inside the cyclone cones 21 or the dust cup 1. The top cover 8 can be disc-shaped, annular, or an irregularly shaped cover that matches the outline of the plurality of cyclone cones 21. The top cover 8 is used to define the clean gas discharge boundary of the cyclone separator 2.

[0071] The top cover 8 is provided with multiple exhaust holes 81, each corresponding to an exhaust passage 22 of a cyclone cone 21. Each exhaust hole 81 is connected to the exhaust passage 22 of its corresponding cyclone cone 21. The separated airflow inside the cyclone cone 21 flows along the exhaust passage 22 to the top cover 8 and is discharged from the corresponding exhaust hole 81. The area of ​​the top cover 8, excluding the exhaust holes 81, can prevent the dust-laden airflow on the inlet side of the cyclone separator 2 from directly entering the clean air outlet side 24.

[0072] The shielding member 3 is rotatably disposed on the side of the top cover 8 opposite to the cyclone cone 21. The top cover 8 is located between the cyclone cone 21 and the shielding member 3, and the shielding member 3 is disposed near the outlet side of the exhaust port 81. When the shielding member 3 rotates, its different areas pass over multiple exhaust ports 81 in sequence, selectively blocking or avoiding the exhaust ports 81. The top cover 8 remains fixed, and the shielding member 3 rotates relative to the top cover 8, thus eliminating the need to rotate the exhaust ports 81 and the cyclone cone 21.

[0073] The shield 3 and the top cover 8 can maintain a small gap, or they can be fitted together through a flexible sealing structure. The outer periphery of the shield 3 can be supported by the inner wall of the dust cup 1 or the annular guide portion on the outer periphery of the top cover 8, and the middle part can be connected to the drive shaft 5. The position of the exhaust hole 81 on the top cover 8 is fixed, and the rotation angle of the shield 3 can be determined according to the circumferential spacing of the exhaust holes 81.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, at least some of the vent holes 81 are respectively provided with elastically deformable flexible tubes 9. The flexible tubes 9 are located between the top cover 8 and the shielding member 3, and each flexible tube 9 corresponds to one vent hole 81. The flexible tubes 9 can be made of silicone, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, or other materials with elastic recovery capabilities. The flexible tubes 9 can undergo elastic compression when axial pressure is applied to the shielding member 3, and return to their original shape after the shielding member 3 is removed.

[0075] The flexible tube 9 has an inlet end 91 and an outlet end 92. The inlet end 91 communicates with the corresponding exhaust hole 81 on the top cover 8 and can be inserted into the exhaust hole 81, sleeved on the outer periphery of the exhaust hole 81, or integrally formed with the top cover 8 or connected by a sealing element. The outlet end 92 faces the shielding element 3 and forms a switchable opening and closing interface with the shielding element 3. The airflow discharged from the cyclone cone 21 can pass through the exhaust passage 22, the exhaust hole 81 of the top cover 8 and the flexible tube 9 in sequence, and flows from the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9 to the clean air discharge side 24.

[0076] The shielding member 3 can close the corresponding exhaust passage 22 by sealing the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9. When the shielding member 3 rotates to a position aligned with the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, axial pressure is applied to the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, causing the flexible tube 9 to undergo elastic deformation and come into close contact with the shielding member 3. The flexible tube 9 can compensate for axial dimensional errors, flatness errors, and rotational clearances between the shielding member 3 and the top cover 8, reducing local gaps caused when the rigid shielding member 3 directly presses against the rigid top cover 8. After the shielding member 3 rotates away from the outlet end 92, the flexible tube 9 returns to its original shape, and the outlet end 92 reopens.

[0077] The flexible tube 9 also reduces frictional impact when the shield 3 rotates. When the shield 3 contacts the flexible tube 9, the elastic material provides cushioning, reducing noise and wear caused by collisions with rigid components. The outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9 can be slightly higher than the surface of the top cover 8, so that the shield 3 only presses the flexible tube 9 that needs to be closed in the switching position, without having to fit a large area of ​​the top cover 8. When only some exhaust holes 81 are equipped with flexible tubes 9, the flexible tube 9 can be selected for the exhaust branch that needs to be switched off, while other exhaust branches remain open. This structure uses the flexible tube 9 as an elastic sealing interface for the exhaust passage 22, which can improve the sealing adaptability of the rotating shield 3.

[0078] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the periphery of the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9 protrudes inward along the radial direction of the flexible tube 9 to form an annular flange portion 93. The annular flange portion 93 extends continuously around the central axis of the flexible tube 9 and forms an opening 94 that communicates with the exhaust port 81. The opening 94 constitutes the effective flow area of ​​the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, and the airflow passing through the flexible tube 9 is discharged through this opening 94.

[0079] The annular flange 93 extends inward from the wall of the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, forming an annular contact surface with a predetermined radial width at the outlet end 92. When the shielding member 3 presses against the flexible tube 9, it can form a wider surface contact with the annular flange 93, rather than just a line contact with the thin-walled end edge of the flexible tube 9. With the increased contact area, the pressure applied by the shielding member 3 can be distributed circumferentially along the annular flange 93, reducing the possibility of excessive local deformation or end edge curling.

[0080] The annular flange 93 can be integrally formed with the body of the flexible tube 9, and its thickness can be greater than or less than the wall thickness of the body of the flexible tube 9. The side of the annular flange 93 facing the shield 3 is preferably formed as a flat annular surface, but a slightly raised sealing lip can also be formed. The size of the opening 94 formed by the annular flange 93 is determined according to the required flow area of ​​the corresponding cyclone cone 21, so as not to cause excessive throttling of the exhaust passage 22 when open.

[0081] When the shielding member 3 is removed, the annular flange portion 93 returns to its original shape due to the elasticity of the material, and the opening 94 remains unobstructed. When the shielding member 3 is pressed, the annular flange portion 93 can be compressed axially or undergo slight radial deformation, causing its surface to adhere to the shielding portion 322. The continuous annular structure can form a circumferentially closed sealing boundary, reducing airflow leakage from the periphery of the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9. The annular flange portion 93 can also prevent local damage to the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9 due to repeated pressing, improving the service life of the exhaust passage 22 during repeated switching.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the shielding member 3 has a shielding portion 322 protruding towards the flexible tube 9. The shielding portion 322 can be formed on the side of the shielding member 3 facing the top cover 8 and protrudes towards the flexible tube 9 relative to the main surface of the shielding member 3. The outer contour of the shielding portion 322 matches the annular flange portion 93 of the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9. The area of ​​the shielding portion 322 is larger than the area of ​​the opening 94 enclosed by the annular flange portion 93, so that the shielding portion 322 can completely cover the opening 94.

[0083] When the shielding member 3 rotates to the position where the shielding portion 322 aligns with the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, the shielding portion 322 presses against the side of the annular flange portion 93 away from the top cover 8. The shielding portion 322 applies axial pressure to the annular flange portion 93, compressing the elastic deformation portion 96 of the flexible tube 9 and causing the annular flange portion 93 to adhere to the surface of the shielding portion 322. The shielding portion 322 continuously abuts against the annular flange portion 93 circumferentially, forming a closed contact zone around the opening 94. Airflow is difficult to escape from the opening 94 or the periphery of the annular flange portion 93, thus sealing the corresponding exhaust passage 22.

[0084] The surface of the shielding part 322 facing the annular flange part 93 can be a flat surface, or it can form an annular pressing surface that matches the surface of the annular flange part 93. The edge of the shielding part 322 can be provided with rounded corners or guide slopes. When the shielding member 3 rotates and approaches the flexible tube 9, the guide slopes gradually compress the flexible tube 9, preventing the edge of the shielding part 322 from directly impacting the annular flange part 93. When the shielding part 322 moves away, the flexible tube 9 gradually releases and recovers, reducing switching resistance.

[0085] The protruding shielding portion 322 also allows the main body of the shielding member 3 to maintain a distance from other unclosed flexible tubes 9. When the shielding member 3 rotates, only the flexible tubes 9 aligned with the shielding portion 322 are compressed, while the outlet ends 92 of the remaining flexible tubes 9 remain open. The protrusion height of the shielding portion 322 is determined based on the axial distance between the shielding member 3 and the top cover 8, the natural height of the flexible tubes 9, and the required compression. The compression should be sufficient to form a continuous seal without exceeding the allowable deformation range of the flexible tubes 9. This partial protrusion sealing structure enables reliable sealing with a smaller contact area, reducing friction between the shielding member 3 and the top cover 8.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the flexible tube 9 includes a connecting portion 95 and an elastically deformable portion 96. The connecting portion 95 is located at the end of the flexible tube 9 near the top cover 8, and is used to connect the flexible tube 9 to the top cover 8 and seal it in communication with the vent hole 81. The connecting portion 95 can be inserted into the vent hole 81 to form an interference fit, or it can be sleeved on the outside of the protruding tube around the vent hole 81. The connecting portion 95 may also be provided with an annular groove, a snap-fit ​​flange, or a sealing lip to prevent the flexible tube 9 from detaching from the top cover 8.

[0087] The elastic deformation section 96 is located between the connecting section 95 and the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9. The elastic deformation section 96 is provided with an annular contraction section 97 extending circumferentially along the flexible tube 9. The annular contraction section 97 contracts radially inward along the flexible tube 9, forming an annular recess on the outer periphery of the flexible tube 9 at this position. The wall thickness, diameter, or cross-sectional shape of the annular contraction section 97 can be smaller than that of the adjacent tube section, thereby reducing the axial stiffness at this position.

[0088] When the blocking part 322 presses against the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9, the annular contraction part 97 can fold, bend, or compress along the axial direction, causing the outlet end 92 to move elastically relative to the inlet end 91 towards the top cover 8. The connecting part 95 remains fixed, and the elastic deformation is mainly concentrated in the annular contraction part 97, preventing disordered deformation of the entire flexible tube 9. After the blocking part 322 leaves, the annular contraction part 97 unfolds by relying on elastic restoring force, causing the outlet end 92 to return to its initial position.

[0089] One annular contraction section 97 can be provided, or multiple sections can be provided at intervals along the axial direction of the flexible tube 9. Multiple annular contraction sections 97 can increase the axial deformation stroke of the flexible tube 9 and reduce the strain at individual locations. The annular contraction section 97 can have an arc-shaped, V-shaped, U-shaped, or corrugated cross-section. Its inner diameter needs to ensure that the exhaust passage 22 has sufficient flow area and cannot form significant blockage due to radial contraction.

[0090] The flexible tube 9 achieves stable installation through the connecting part 95, compensates for the compression displacement of the shielding member 3 through the elastic deformation part 96, and forms an opening and closing fit with the shielding member 3 through the outlet end 92. This structure enables the flexible tube 9 to have the functions of connection, ventilation, elastic compensation, and sealing. The annular contraction part 97 can also absorb the small lateral frictional displacement generated when the shielding member 3 rotates, reducing the shear stress on the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the shielding member 3 includes a base 31 and a baffle 32 connected to the base 31. The base 31 surrounds the outer periphery of the cyclone separator 2 and rotatably engages with the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup 1. The base 31 may be an annular cylindrical shape, with a rotational gap maintained between its outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup 1. Annular guide ribs may be provided on the outer periphery of the base 31, and an annular guide groove may be formed on the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup 1 to engage with the annular guide ribs, allowing the shielding member 3 to rotate stably around the central axis of the cyclone separator 2.

[0092] The base 31 provides radial support from the outer periphery of the shield 3, limiting the deflection of the baffle 32 during rotation. A low-friction sliding structure, rolling element, or wear-resistant ring can be provided between the base 31 and the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup 1, or a sliding fit between the components can be directly utilized. The axial position of the base 31 can be defined by a step on the inner wall of the dust cup 1, the outer periphery of the top cover 8, or a retaining ring, so that the shield 3 will not disengage from the predetermined position axially.

[0093] A baffle 32 is connected to the base 31 and covers the side of the top cover 8 opposite to the cyclone cone 21. The baffle 32 can be disc-shaped or annular, and its area covers multiple exhaust holes 81 on the top cover 8. The baffle 32 and the base 31 can be integrally formed, or they can be connected by snap-fit, welding, or fasteners. The side of the baffle 32 facing the top cover 8 is provided with a through hole 321 and a blocking part 322 to control the opening and closing of the exhaust passage 22.

[0094] The baffle 32 has a central shaft hole 323 that mates with the drive shaft 5. The shaft hole 323 can be a non-circular hole, a spline hole, or a circular hole with a keyway, allowing the baffle 32 to rotate synchronously with the drive shaft 5. After the drive shaft 5 passes through the shaft hole 323, the axial movement of the baffle 32 can be restricted by a shoulder, nut, snap ring, or pressure cap. Torque input is provided through the central shaft hole 323, and the outer peripheral base 31 provides rotational support, so that the baffle 3 forms a stable structure with central drive and outer peripheral guidance.

[0095] The base 31 surrounds the cyclone separator 2 and can also shield the radial gap between the shield 3 and the inner wall of the dust cup 1, reducing the bypass flow of airflow from the outer periphery of the shield 3. An axial outlet or circumferential notch can be provided on the base 31 to allow the purified airflow to pass through, so that the airflow discharged through the through hole 321 of the baffle 32 flows to the negative pressure source.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the baffle 32 is provided with at least one through hole 321 and at least one blocking part 322. The through hole 321 penetrates the baffle 32 and can connect the exhaust passage 22 to the clean air discharge side 24 when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage 22. The blocking part 322 is located on the side of the baffle 32 facing the top cover 8 and can close the exhaust passage 22 when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage 22. The through holes 321 and the blocking parts 322 can be arranged at intervals along the circumference of the baffle 32, and their number and arrangement are determined according to the number of cyclone cones 21 and the switching gear.

[0097] When the shielding member 3 rotates, the through hole 321 and the shielding part 322 move along the circumferential trajectory of the exhaust passage 22. After a certain through hole 321 is aligned with the exhaust passage 22, the purified airflow can flow to the negative pressure source through the exhaust passage 22 and the through hole 321. After a certain shielding part 322 is aligned with the exhaust passage 22, the shielding part 322 directly or through the flexible tube 9 closes the exhaust passage 22. The shielding member 3 is provided with both through holes 321 and shielding parts 322, which allows other exhaust passages 22 to be closed when some exhaust passages 22 are open, thereby changing the number of cyclone cones 21 participating in the separation.

[0098] When the shield 3 is in any switching position, at least one exhaust passage 22 remains connected to the clean air discharge side 24 through the corresponding through hole 321 to prevent all exhaust passages 22 from being completely closed simultaneously. If all exhaust passages 22 are closed, the airflow path between the negative pressure source and the air inlet side of the dust cup 1 is interrupted, which may cause abnormal load on the negative pressure source, sudden changes in system pressure, or large noise. Keeping at least one exhaust passage 22 open can maintain basic airflow circulation.

[0099] In practical design, at any switching position, two or more exhaust passages 22 can usually remain open to ensure that the negative pressure source has sufficient flow rate. The number of through holes 321, the number of shielding parts 322, and the circumferential angle can be set according to different operating modes. For example, in high flow mode, multiple through holes 321 are aligned with multiple exhaust passages 22 respectively, and only a few exhaust passages 22 are closed; in high separation mode, some through holes 321 are staggered with exhaust passages 22, and more exhaust passages 22 are closed by shielding parts 322.

[0100] The edge of the through hole 321 can be provided with a guide rounded corner to reduce the local resistance when the purified airflow passes through the baffle 32. Sufficient structural width can be maintained between the shielding part 322 and the through hole 321 to maintain the strength of the baffle 32 and prevent crossflow between adjacent exhaust passages 22.

[0101] In one exemplary embodiment, the shielding member 3 has multiple preset switching positions distributed around its rotation axis, each preset switching position corresponding to a predetermined rotation angle of the shielding member 3 relative to the cyclone separator 2. The drive motor 4 can drive the shielding member 3 to rotate to the corresponding angle according to the control command, and stop or hold at that angle, so that the through hole 321 and the shielding part 322 are respectively aligned with the predetermined exhaust passage 22.

[0102] When the shielding member 3 is in different preset switching positions, the number and / or combination of exhaust passages 22 closed by the shielding part 322 are different. Different numbers of closures can change the total number of cyclone cones 21 connected to the clean air discharge side 24, so that the cyclone separator 2 forms multiple flow stages. Different combinations of closures can change the circumferential position of the cyclone cones 21 participating in the operation when the number of connected cyclone cones 21 is the same, so that the working cyclone cones 21 are kept more evenly distributed in the circumference of the cyclone separator 2, or a specific cyclone cone 21 can be selected to work according to the air intake distribution.

[0103] Multiple preset switching positions can include a fully open position, a first partially closed position, and a second partially closed position. In the fully open position, all or most of the exhaust passages 22 are connected to the clean air discharge side 24 through the through-hole 321. In the first partially closed position, a first number of exhaust passages 22 are blocked. In the second partially closed position, a larger number or different combinations of exhaust passages 22 are blocked. The drive motor 4 can switch positions according to the negative pressure source power, the detected dust concentration, the type of ground medium, or the cleaning mode selected by the user.

[0104] To accurately identify the preset switching position, sensors can be installed on the shield 3 or drive shaft 5, and on the dust cup 1 or cyclone separator 2. When the sensor rotates to the corresponding position, the controller can determine the reference position of the shield 3. The drive motor 4 can also be a stepper motor or a motor with position feedback, controlling the rotation angle according to the number of pulses or coded signals.

[0105] The circumferential intervals of the preset switching positions can be equal, or different angular intervals can be used depending on the arrangement of the through holes 321 and the blocking parts 322. When the blocking part 3 switches from one preset switching position to another, the drive motor 4 can quickly complete the rotation, reducing the time that the exhaust passage 22 is in a transitional semi-blocked state. This structure allows the variable multi-cone switching to have repeatable gear relationships, making it easy to control the number of cyclone cones 21 involved and the system flow area.

[0106] In one exemplary embodiment, the dust collection device further includes a sensor and a controller. The sensor is used to detect the actual air intake volume of the dust collection device and / or the dust concentration in the airflow entering the dust collection device. The sensor can be located in the air intake area of ​​the dust cup 1, the upstream airflow channel of the cyclone separator 2, the clean air discharge side 24 of the cyclone separator 2, or other locations that can characterize the airflow state. The sensor used to detect the actual air intake volume can be a flow sensor, a wind speed sensor, or a pressure sensor, or the actual air intake volume can be indirectly determined by detecting the pressure difference across the cyclone separator 2. The sensor used to detect the dust concentration can be an optical dust sensor, which determines the dust concentration by detecting the degree of scattering or obstruction of detection light by dust particles in the airflow.

[0107] The controller is communicatively connected to both the sensor and the drive motor 4. This communication connection can be via wired connection or wireless communication. The controller receives detection signals from the sensor and acquires at least one operating parameter, including the actual air intake volume, dust concentration, negative pressure source power, and cleaning mode. The negative pressure source power can be determined based on its control setting, motor speed, current, or input power. Cleaning modes can include low-power mode, standard mode, strong mode, carpet cleaning mode, or other preset operating modes. The controller can pre-store the correspondence between different operating parameters or parameter ranges and multiple preset switching positions of the shielding component 3.

[0108] The controller determines the number and / or combination of cyclone cones 21 that need to participate in the current operation based on the acquired working parameters, and outputs control commands to the drive motor 4. The output shaft 41 of the drive motor 4 drives the baffle 3 to rotate through the transmission shaft 5, so that the baffle 3 reaches the corresponding preset switching position. During the rotation of the baffle 3, the baffle part 322 on the baffle 32 selectively closes part of the exhaust passage 22, and the through hole 321 aligns with the exhaust passage 22 that needs to be kept open, so that the corresponding cyclone cone 21 is connected to the clean air discharge side 24. When the actual air intake volume is small, the negative pressure source power is low, or a low-power cleaning mode is used, the controller can control the baffle 3 to close more exhaust passages 22, so that the airflow is concentrated through a smaller number of cyclone cones 21. When the actual air intake volume is large, the dust concentration is high, or the negative pressure source is at a high power, the controller can control the baffle 3 to open more exhaust passages 22, so that more cyclone cones 21 jointly undertake the airflow separation task.

[0109] Different preset switching positions can also correspond to combinations of the same number of cyclone cones 21 but with different circumferential distributions, ensuring that the cyclone cones 21 participating in the operation are evenly distributed within the cyclone separator 2, improving airflow distribution. The controller can also continuously sample operating parameters and only execute switching after the operating parameters consistently meet preset conditions, avoiding frequent reciprocating rotation of the shielding component 3 due to short-term fluctuations in the detection signal. Through the cooperation between the sensor, controller, drive motor 4, and shielding component 3, the number and / or combination of the cyclone cones 21 participating in the operation can be automatically adjusted according to the actual operating state of the dust collection device, adapting the effective flow area of ​​the cyclone separator 2 to the current airflow processing requirements.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, some of the multiple exhaust holes 81 are equipped with flexible tubes 9, while others are not equipped with flexible tubes 9. The exhaust holes 81 equipped with flexible tubes 9 form an exhaust branch that can be selectively closed, while the exhaust holes 81 without flexible tubes 9 can form an exhaust branch that remains connected to the through hole in each preset switching position, or they can be directly connected to the clean air discharge side 24 through the through hole 321 of the baffle 32.

[0111] The shielding member 3 is configured to selectively close the exhaust passage 22 corresponding to the exhaust port 81 provided with the flexible tube 9. The shielding part 322 presses against the outlet end 92 of the flexible tube 9 only when passing through the location of the flexible tube 9, so as to close the corresponding cyclone cone 21. The exhaust port 81 without the flexible tube 9 does not have an elastic interface protruding towards the shielding member 3, and the through hole 321 on the shielding member 3 is aligned with at least a portion of the exhaust port 81 at each preset switching position, so that part of the exhaust passage 22 is continuously connected.

[0112] Some exhaust ports 81 are not equipped with flexible tubes 9, which reduces the number of flexible tubes 9 and the rotational resistance of the shielding component 3. The normally open exhaust passage 22 can ensure that the system maintains basic flow when the shielding component 3 is in any switching position, without having to rely entirely on the precise alignment of the through hole 321 with all exhaust ports 81. The normally open cyclone cone 21 can be selected at a position that is evenly distributed around the cyclone separator 2, so that the cyclone cone 21, which is still involved in the operation after some exhaust passages 22 are closed, can obtain a more balanced intake condition.

[0113] The flexible tubes 9 can be centrally located at the positions corresponding to the cyclone cones 21 that need to be closed first, or they can be spaced out circumferentially. The number and position of the shielding parts 322 on the baffle 32 correspond to the flexible tubes 9, and the through holes 321 correspond to the normally open exhaust holes 81 and the flexible tubes 9 that need to be opened. By setting the elastic sealing structure only in some exhaust branches, the structural complexity of the top cover 8 can be reduced, and the friction caused by multiple flexible tubes 9 contacting the shielding parts 3 at the same time can be reduced. The exhaust holes 81 without flexible tubes 9 can maintain an axial gap with the baffle 32, and the purified airflow is discharged through the exhaust holes 81 and then through the through holes 321. This structure divides the exhaust branches into switchable branches and continuous branches, so that the cyclone separator 2 can maintain a stable minimum flow capacity while realizing variable multi-cone switching.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the cyclone separator 2 includes multiple cyclone separation layers 25 arranged in layers along the axial direction of the cyclone separator 2, and each cyclone separation layer 25 includes multiple cyclone cones 21. Different cyclone separation layers 25 can be located at different axial positions and can form an arrangement that is staggered, nested, or partially overlapped in the radial direction. By setting multiple cyclone separation layers 25, the total number of cyclone cones 21 can be increased even when the radial dimension of the dust cup 1 is limited.

[0115] Multiple shielding components 3 are provided, with one shielding component 3 corresponding to the clean gas discharge side 24 of each cyclone separation layer 25. Each shielding component 3 is used to control multiple exhaust passages 22 in the corresponding cyclone separation layer 25. The multiple shielding components 3 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the cyclone separation device 2, and their axial positions correspond to the clean gas discharge positions of each cyclone separation layer 25. Different shielding components 3 can have different diameters, different numbers of through holes 321, and different arrangements of shielding parts 322 to adapt to the number and arrangement radius of cyclone cones 21 in the corresponding cyclone separation layer 25.

[0116] Multiple shielding components 3 are connected to the same drive shaft 5. The drive shaft 5 passes through multiple cyclone separation layers 25 and corresponding shielding components 3 sequentially along the axial direction. Each shielding component 3 is connected to the drive shaft 5 through a spline, flat section, non-circular shaft hole 323, or fixed sleeve. When the drive motor 4 drives the drive shaft 5 to rotate, the multiple shielding components 3 rotate synchronously. The axial distance between different shielding components 3 is determined by the structure of the spacer, shaft shoulder, or corresponding cyclone separation layer 25.

[0117] Multiple shielding components 3 rotate synchronously, which can synchronously change the number of cyclone cones 21 in multiple cyclone separation layers 25 that communicate with the clean air discharge side 24. The through holes 321 and shielding parts 322 on each shielding component 3 can be installed according to a predetermined circumferential phase, so that each layer can be switched to a fully open state, a partially closed state, or other corresponding states at the same time. It is also possible to make different layers have different closing ratios at the same drive shaft 5 angle, for example, the outer layer keeps more cyclone cones 21 open, and the inner layer closes more cyclone cones 21.

[0118] Using the same drive motor 4 and the same transmission shaft 5 to drive multiple shielding components 3 eliminates the need for separate motors and control circuits for each cyclone separation layer 25, reducing the number of parts and the internal installation space of the dust cup 1. The multiple shielding components 3 maintain a mechanically synchronized relationship, reducing the likelihood of one layer completing the switch while another has not yet been positioned.

[0119] This disclosure also provides a cleaning device, which includes the aforementioned dust collection device and a negative pressure source for generating an intake airflow. The negative pressure source can be a fan or other airflow generating device capable of creating negative pressure on the clean air discharge side of the dust collection device. The negative pressure source is connected to the clean air discharge area of ​​the dust collection device, and during operation, it reduces the pressure on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, allowing external dust-laden airflow to enter the dust cup and be separated by the cyclone cone.

[0120] The negative pressure source is located on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, and the drive motor is located on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator. The negative pressure source and the drive motor are located on opposite sides of the axial direction of the cyclone separator, with the cyclone separator situated between them. The purified airflow flows from the cyclone cone exhaust passage to the baffle, and then to the negative pressure source. The drive motor drives the baffle to rotate from the dust discharge side through a transmission connection structure.

[0121] The negative pressure source and drive motor are arranged on opposite sides, so that the drive motor is not located in the clean air convergence area between the cyclone separator and the negative pressure source. When the purified airflow flows from the exhaust passage to the negative pressure source, it does not need to bypass the drive motor housing, motor base and electrical connection structure, which can reduce exhaust flow channel obstruction and local pressure loss.

[0122] When the cleaning equipment is working, the drive motor can be controlled according to the working power of the negative pressure source and the cleaning requirements. When the negative pressure source is running at a lower power, the drive motor drives the shielding component to close part of the exhaust passage, allowing fewer cyclone cones to participate in separation and increasing the airflow velocity of each cone. When the negative pressure source is running at a higher power, the shielding component opens more exhaust passages, allowing more cyclone cones to participate in separation and increasing the overall flow capacity.

[0123] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that this disclosure can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this disclosure. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0124] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A dust collection device, characterized in that, include: Dust cup; A cyclone separator is disposed inside the dust cup and has a dust discharge side and a clean gas discharge side arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the cyclone separator. The cyclone separator includes a plurality of cyclone cones, each of which has an exhaust passage communicating with its interior and arranged toward the clean gas discharge side. A shielding element is rotatably disposed on the clean gas discharge side of the cyclone separator and is configured to selectively close at least a portion of the exhaust passage when rotated. A drive motor is located on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and is connected to the shielding component in a transmission manner to drive the shielding component to rotate.

2. The dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collection device includes a drive shaft that passes through the cyclone separator along its axial direction. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the output shaft of the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the shielding member.

3. The dust collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output shaft of the drive motor, the transmission shaft, and the rotation axis of the shielding component are all coaxially arranged with the central axis of the cyclone separator.

4. The dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust cup is provided with a guide tube extending along the axial direction of the cyclone separator and a fine dust cylinder. The guide tube connects the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and the fine dust cylinder. The drive motor is at least partially housed in the guide tube, and the output shaft of the drive motor is oriented towards the cyclone separator.

5. The dust collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide tube has a dust discharge channel that bypasses the drive motor and communicates with the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and the fine dust cylinder, respectively. The dust discharge channel includes at least one of the following: The annular dust discharge channel is formed by the outer peripheral surface of the motor housing of the drive motor and the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube being spaced apart. The guide tube is provided with a motor compartment for housing the drive motor, and the outer peripheral wall of the motor compartment and the inner peripheral wall of the guide tube are spaced apart to form a dust discharge channel. A bypass dust discharge channel is provided outside the drive motor and has a dust inlet end that communicates with the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator and a dust outlet end that communicates with the fine dust cylinder.

6. The dust collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive motor includes a closed motor housing and an output shaft extending out of the motor housing. A dust cover is fitted around the outer periphery of the output shaft. One end of the dust cover is sealed to the motor housing, and the other end of the dust cover is sealed to the outer periphery of the output shaft.

7. The dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separator also includes a top cover located on the clean gas discharge side. The top cover has multiple exhaust holes, each of which is connected to an exhaust passage of a plurality of cyclone cones. The shielding member is rotatably located on the side of the top cover away from the cyclone cones.

8. The dust collection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, At least some of the exhaust holes are respectively provided with elastically deformable flexible tubes, which are disposed between the top cover and the shielding member; the flexible tubes have an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end is connected to the corresponding exhaust hole, the outlet end faces the shielding member, and the shielding member is configured to close the corresponding exhaust passage by closing the outlet end of the flexible tube.

9. The dust collection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outlet end of the flexible tube protrudes inward along the radial direction of the flexible tube to form an annular flange portion, which forms an opening communicating with the exhaust hole.

10. The dust collection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The shielding member has a shielding portion protruding toward the flexible tube. When the shielding member is rotated to a position where the shielding portion is aligned with the outlet end of the flexible tube, the shielding portion presses against the side of the annular flange portion away from the top cover and continuously abuts along the circumference of the annular flange portion to close the opening.

11. The dust collection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flexible tube includes a connecting portion connected to the top cover and an elastically deformable portion located between the connecting portion and the outlet end of the flexible tube. The elastically deformable portion is provided with an annular contraction portion extending circumferentially along the flexible tube. The annular contraction portion contracts radially inward along the flexible tube so that the outlet end can elastically move relative to the inlet end along the axial direction of the flexible tube.

12. The dust collection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The shielding component includes a base and a baffle connected to the base. The base surrounds the outer periphery of the cyclone separator and rotates with the inner peripheral wall of the dust cup. The baffle covers the side of the top cover opposite to the cyclone cone.

13. The dust collection device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The baffle is provided with at least one through hole and at least one blocking part. The through hole is configured to connect the exhaust passage to the clean air discharge side when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage. The blocking part is configured to close the exhaust passage when aligned with the corresponding exhaust passage. When the blocking part is in any switching position, at least one of the exhaust passages remains connected to the clean air discharge side through the corresponding through hole.

14. The dust collection device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The shielding member has multiple preset switching positions distributed around its rotation axis. When the shielding member is in different preset switching positions, the number and / or combination of the exhaust passages blocked by the shielding part are different.

15. The dust collection device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The dust collection device also includes a sensor and a controller. The sensor is used to detect the actual air intake volume of the dust collection device and / or the dust concentration in the airflow entering the dust collection device. The controller is communicatively connected to the sensor and the drive motor, respectively. The controller is configured to acquire at least one of the following operating parameters: actual air intake volume, dust concentration, power of negative pressure source, and cleaning mode, and control the drive motor to drive the shield to rotate to the corresponding preset switching position according to the operating parameters, so as to adjust the number and / or combination of the cyclone cones connected to the clean air discharge side.

16. The dust collection device according to claim 13, characterized in that, A portion of the plurality of exhaust holes are provided with the flexible tube, while the other portion are not provided with the flexible tube; the shielding member is configured to selectively close the exhaust passage corresponding to the exhaust hole provided with the flexible tube, and to allow at least a portion of the exhaust holes not provided with the flexible tube to communicate with the clean air discharge side through the through hole.

17. The dust collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cyclone separator includes multiple cyclone separation layers arranged in layers along the axial direction of the cyclone separator, and each cyclone separation layer includes multiple cyclone cones; multiple shielding members are provided, and one shielding member is provided on the clean air discharge side of each cyclone separation layer, and multiple shielding members are connected to the same drive shaft.

18. The dust collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separator is fixed relative to the dust cup in the circumferential direction of the cyclone separator so that the cyclone separator remains stationary relative to the dust cup when the shielding member rotates.

19. A cleaning device, characterized in that, The device includes a dust collection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 18 and a negative pressure source for generating an intake airflow, wherein the negative pressure source is located on the clean air discharge side of the cyclone separator, the drive motor is located on the dust discharge side of the cyclone separator, and the negative pressure source and the drive motor are respectively located on opposite sides of the axial direction of the cyclone separator.

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