A multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine, belonging to the field of laser processing technology. The machine includes a main body, a three-axis motion mechanism, a controller, and a mounting platform detachably fitted with a CO2 laser engraving head and a fiber laser cutting head. The controller operates a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving system, including modules for multiphysics coupling calculation, Z-axis dynamic compensation, power adaptive correction, and switching timing control. This system can acquire data such as the series cooling temperature difference and the torsion angle of the dual-head asymmetric load to construct an interference model; dynamically compensate for the Z-axis focus based on dust shading rate and adaptively correct the effective output power; and calculate the optimal response delay time for mode switching based on air pressure and motion impact. This invention achieves intelligent switching between cutting and engraving within the same axis system, significantly improving the dual-head processing accuracy, power stability, and system response efficiency. It also includes a collection hopper for centralized treatment of waste and dust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular relates to a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, laser processing equipment is widely used in industrial production, mainly divided into two categories: laser cutting and laser engraving. Traditional laser equipment often has a single function. If combined cutting and engraving processing is to be performed on the same workpiece, it is usually necessary to change the equipment or manually change the laser head. This not only increases processing time, but also easily leads to positioning errors due to multiple clamping, which greatly reduces production efficiency.

[0003] To address this issue, some composite laser devices combining cutting and engraving functions have emerged on the market, but many technical bottlenecks still exist in practical applications: First, when different types of laser sources (such as CO2 lasers and fiber lasers) are mounted on the same motion axis, the dual laser heads will bring asymmetrical loads, causing the equipment to generate micro-torsion angles when moving at high speeds. In addition, the temperature difference slopes of different cooling circuits will also cause thermal deformation. These multi-physics coupling interferences seriously affect the processing accuracy.

[0004] Secondly, during laser processing, a large amount of dust and smoke are generated inside the processing chamber. This dust can obstruct the laser beam path, causing a decrease in the actual effective power of the laser reaching the workpiece surface. Most existing equipment lacks dynamic monitoring and power compensation mechanisms for the Z-axis displacement of the focal point and the dust obstruction rate, resulting in unstable processing quality.

[0005] Finally, when automatically switching between cutting and engraving modes in the same processing operation, sudden changes in air pressure, power switching, and transient impacts on the motion module are involved. Existing systems often use a fixed delay time for switching, which cannot calculate the optimal response delay time based on real-time operating conditions (such as dynamic pressure drop of auxiliary gas, transient impact acceleration, etc.), which can easily lead to processing interruptions or hardware damage. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine that solves the aforementioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine, comprising a device body, a front cover hinged to the device body, a three-axis motion mechanism mounted on the device body, and a controller, and further comprising: The mounting platform can be detachably mounted on the actuator end of the three-axis motion mechanism, on which a CO2 laser engraving head and a fiber laser cutting head can be detachably mounted. The placement platform is detachably mounted on the main body of the device and is used to support the workpiece. A multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system, operating within a controller, includes: The multiphysics coupling calculation module is used to acquire real-time system status data, construct a multiphysics coupling interference model, and obtain the multiphysics coupling interference factor. The Z-axis dynamic compensation module calculates the dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus Z-axis based on the multi-physics coupling interference factor and combined with the real-time follow-up feedback data of the motion axis system (Z-axis focus follow-up high-frequency displacement rate). The power adaptive correction module obtains the actual effective output power of the laser based on the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The timing control module calculates the optimal response delay time for switching the hybrid processing mode based on the actual effective output power of the laser, combined with the resistance coefficient of the gas path system, the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas, and the transient impact acceleration of the motion module. It then controls the switching of the underlying hardware execution timing according to the optimal response delay time.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions: Further technical solution: The real-time status data of the system includes dynamic sensing data and reference parameters. The dynamic sensing data includes: the temperature difference slope of the series cooling circuit, the micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads, and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The reference parameters include: the preset reference length of the laser head beam and the reference temperature constant of the cooling system.

[0009] A further technical solution: The multiphysics coupling interference model is expressed as follows: in, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, The slope of the temperature difference in the series cooling circuit. This is the reference length of the laser head beam. This is the reference temperature constant for the cooling system. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads.

[0010] Further technical solution: The calculation formula for the Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus in the Z-axis dynamic compensation module is as follows: in, This is the dynamic compensation value for the Z-axis of the tool head focus. The height of the eccentric lever arm for installing the laser head. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads The high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focal point is used for tracking. For the servo system sampling period, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor.

[0011] A further technical solution: The formula for calculating the actual effective output power of the laser in the power adaptive correction module is as follows: in, This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. Set the power for the laser's base. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, This is the dynamic compensation value for the Z-axis of the tool head focus. The energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth. The repetition frequency of the laser pulse.

[0012] A further technical solution: The formula for calculating the optimal response delay time in the switching timing control module is as follows: in, The optimal response delay time is... The resistance coefficient of the gas path system. To assist the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the gas. This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. The rated maximum power of the currently activated laser. This is the current base cutting or carving speed. This refers to the transient impact acceleration of the motion module.

[0013] Further technical solution: The multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system is applied in the same processing operation, and the automatic switching between the first laser source cutting mode and the second laser source engraving mode is controlled by the same CNC axis system; the first laser source and the second laser source share the same set of three-axis motion mechanism and series cooling circuit.

[0014] A further technical solution: A collection hopper is fixedly installed on the main body of the device, a filter hole is opened on the collection hopper, a connecting cylinder is sleeved on the filter hole and the connecting cylinder is detachably connected to one end of the pipe that penetrates the main body of the device, and the other end of the pipe is connected to an external suction device.

[0015] Further technical solution: The controller is installed on the device body and is electrically connected to the CO2 laser engraving head, fiber laser cutting head, external suction device and three-axis motion mechanism.

[0016] This invention provides a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This invention achieves seamless automatic switching between the first laser source cutting mode and the second laser source engraving mode by detachably mounting the CO2 laser engraving head and the fiber laser cutting head on the same set of three-axis motion mechanisms and sharing the servo drive module and series cooling circuit in the same processing operation, which greatly improves processing efficiency and equipment integration.

[0017] 2. This invention constructs a multi-physics coupling interference model, which comprehensively considers factors such as the temperature difference slope of the series cooling circuit and the micro-torsion angle caused by the dual-head asymmetric load. It can accurately calculate the multi-physics coupling interference factor, and combined with the Z-axis focus follow-up high-frequency displacement rate, outputs the Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus in real time, effectively overcoming the problem of accuracy loss under complex working conditions.

[0018] 3. This invention introduces a power adaptive correction module, which can automatically calculate and adjust the actual effective output power of the laser based on the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. This mechanism ensures that even in harsh processing environments with high dust concentration or slight focus shift, the laser energy can still act accurately and stably on the workpiece, guaranteeing consistent processing quality.

[0019] 4. This invention not only calculates the optimal response delay time for switching mixed processing modes based on air resistance, dynamic pressure drop deviation, and transient impact acceleration of the motion module, thus protecting the underlying hardware and improving the smoothness of switching; but also optimizes the mechanical structure by setting up a collection hopper with filter holes and a pipe connecting to an external suction device, thereby achieving efficient collection of waste and simultaneous purification of smoke and dust. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the collection bucket of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the connecting cylinder of the present invention.

[0024] Figure label annotations: 1. Device body; 2. Front cover; 3. Mounting platform; 4. CO2 laser engraving head; 5. Fiber laser cutting head; 6. Three-axis motion mechanism; 7. Placement platform; 8. Controller; 9. Collection hopper; 10. Filter hole; 11. Connecting cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] Please see Figures 1 to 4 According to one embodiment of the present invention, a multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine includes a device body 1, a front cover 2 hinged to the device body 1, a three-axis motion mechanism 6 mounted on the device body 1, and a controller 8, and further includes: The mounting platform 3 is detachably mounted on the execution end of the three-axis motion mechanism 6, and a CO2 laser engraving head 4 and a fiber laser cutting head 5 are detachably mounted on it. The placement platform 7 is detachably installed on the device body 1 and is used to support the workpiece; The multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system, operating within controller 8, includes: The multiphysics coupling calculation module is used to acquire real-time system status data, construct a multiphysics coupling interference model, and obtain the multiphysics coupling interference factor. The Z-axis dynamic compensation module calculates the dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus Z-axis based on the multi-physics coupling interference factor and combined with the real-time follow-up feedback data of the motion axis system (Z-axis focus follow-up high-frequency displacement rate). The power adaptive correction module obtains the actual effective output power of the laser based on the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The timing control module calculates the optimal response delay time for switching the hybrid processing mode based on the actual effective output power of the laser, combined with the resistance coefficient of the gas path system, the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas, and the transient impact acceleration of the motion module. It then controls the switching of the underlying hardware execution timing according to the optimal response delay time.

[0028] Preferably, the real-time system status data includes dynamic sensor data and reference parameters: The dynamic sensing data includes: the temperature difference slope of the series cooling circuit, the micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads, and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The reference parameters include: the preset reference length of the laser head beam and the reference temperature constant of the cooling system.

[0029] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution: Suppose user A needs to perform a combined process of pattern engraving and contour cutting on the same metal sheet. Traditional equipment might require user A to first use an engraving machine to complete the engraving, and then transfer the workpiece to a cutting machine for cutting, or manually change the laser head, which is not only time-consuming but may also introduce positioning errors.

[0030] The multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine provided in this embodiment can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems. After user A starts the processing task, the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system is first started in the controller 8. When the equipment starts engraving, the multi-physics coupling calculation module continuously acquires real-time system status data. For example, the sensor installed on the three-axis motion mechanism 6 monitors the microscopic torsion angle generated by the dual laser heads (CO2 laser engraving head 4 and fiber laser cutting head 5) during high-speed movement, as well as the temperature difference slope in the series cooling circuit. These dynamic sensing data, together with preset reference parameters such as the reference length of the laser head beam and the reference temperature constant of the cooling system, are input into the multi-physics coupling calculation module. This module uses a constructed multi-physics coupling interference model, such as a model based on physical equations and empirical data, to calculate the multi-physics coupling interference factor under the current working condition in real time. This interference factor reflects the comprehensive influence of factors such as mechanical deformation and thermal stress on the laser focus position.

[0031] Subsequently, the Z-axis dynamic compensation module receives the multiphysics coupling interference factor. Simultaneously, the module also acquires the high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focus, which reflects the instantaneous speed of the Z-axis during high-speed motion or fine-tuning. Based on this information, the Z-axis dynamic compensation module accurately calculates the dynamic compensation value for the laser head focus. For example, if the interference factor indicates a slight downward trend in the focus, the module calculates a corresponding upward Z-axis compensation amount. This compensation value is immediately sent to the Z-axis drive system of the three-axis motion mechanism 6, enabling it to fine-tune the laser head within milliseconds, ensuring that the laser focus always accurately falls on the workpiece surface, thereby guaranteeing the precision and depth consistency of the engraving.

[0032] During the engraving process, fine dust is generated inside the processing chamber. The power adaptive correction module acquires the real-time dust shading rate within the processing chamber, for example, by monitoring the light intensity attenuation on the laser beam path using a photoelectric sensor. Simultaneously, this module also receives the Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the laser head focus from the Z-axis dynamic compensation module. Based on these two parameters, the power adaptive correction module dynamically adjusts the laser's output power. For example, if the dust shading rate is high, or if the Z-axis compensation value indicates slight defocusing, the module will correspondingly increase the output power of the CO2 laser engraving head 4 to ensure that the actual effective laser power reaching the workpiece surface remains at the set value, avoiding uneven engraving depth or poor results due to insufficient energy.

[0033] Once the engraving task is complete, the system needs to automatically switch to cutting mode. At this time, the switching timing control module starts working. This module acquires the actual effective output power of the current laser (CO2 laser engraving head 4) and combines it with the gas path system resistance coefficient (e.g., the pressure loss characteristics of the auxiliary gas from the gas source to the nozzle), the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas (e.g., the instantaneous difference between the actual gas pressure monitored by the pressure sensor and the set gas pressure), and the transient impact acceleration of the motion module (e.g., the instantaneous acceleration generated by the three-axis motion mechanism 6 when switching speed or direction). Combining these real-time data, the switching timing control module calculates an optimal response delay time. For example, this delay time may include the precise timing of a series of actions such as turning off the engraving gas, turning on the cutting gas, switching the laser source, and adjusting the motion speed. Based on the optimal response delay time, the controller 8 will precisely control the switching of the underlying hardware execution timing. For example, at the calculated optimal moment, the CO2 laser engraving head 4 will be turned off, the fiber laser cutting head 5 will be started, and the auxiliary gas type and pressure will be adjusted. At the same time, the motion trajectory and speed of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 will be smoothly adjusted, thereby achieving seamless, efficient and safe automatic switching from engraving to cutting mode, avoiding processing interruptions or equipment impacts that may be caused by traditional switching methods.

[0034] In traditional composite machining scenarios, when different types of laser sources are mounted on the same motion axis, the asymmetrical load from dual laser heads and the temperature difference slope of different cooling circuits often lead to microscopic torsion angles and thermal deformations during high-speed movement, severely affecting machining accuracy. This embodiment introduces a multiphysics coupling calculation module to acquire real-time dynamic sensing data and reference parameters, and constructs a multiphysics coupling interference model, thereby accurately obtaining the multiphysics coupling interference factor. Compared to existing technologies that lack quantitative evaluation of these complex interference factors, this embodiment provides a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the equipment's true operating state, offering a reliable data foundation for subsequent dynamic compensation.

[0035] Furthermore, existing equipment largely lacks dynamic monitoring and power compensation mechanisms to address the impact of Z-axis focal displacement and dust shading rate on processing quality during laser processing. The Z-axis dynamic compensation module in this embodiment, based on multi-physics coupling interference factors and the Z-axis focal follow-up high-frequency displacement rate, can calculate the dynamic compensation value of the tool head focal Z-axis and adjust the focal position in real time. Simultaneously, the power adaptive correction module combines this Z-axis dynamic compensation value with the real-time dust shading rate within the processing chamber to dynamically correct the laser's output power. This dynamic and adaptive compensation mechanism, compared to existing technologies that rely on fixed parameters or manual adjustments, effectively counteracts laser energy loss and focal drift caused by mechanical deformation, thermal effects, and dust obstruction, ensuring that the laser always acts on the workpiece surface in optimal condition, significantly improving the stability and consistency of processing quality.

[0036] Furthermore, existing systems typically use a fixed delay time for automatically switching between cutting and engraving modes within the same processing operation. This cannot be optimized based on real-time operating conditions, easily leading to processing interruptions or hardware wear. The switching timing control module in this embodiment calculates the optimal response delay time for switching between mixed processing modes based on multiple real-time parameters, including the actual effective output power of the laser, the resistance coefficient of the gas path system, the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas, and the transient impact acceleration of the motion module. It then controls the switching of the underlying hardware execution timing according to this optimal response delay time. This dynamic optimization switching strategy based on real-time operating conditions, compared to the rigid fixed-delay switching method in existing technologies, achieves smoother, more efficient, and safer mode switching, effectively avoiding processing defects and equipment wear caused by improper switching, thereby improving overall production efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0037] In summary, this embodiment integrates multiple intelligent modules, including multiphysics coupling calculation, Z-axis dynamic compensation, power adaptive correction, and switching timing control, to form a collaborative overall solution. This solution effectively addresses the challenges of precision, quality, and efficiency in laser composite processing, significantly improving the intelligence level and processing performance of multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machines, and represents a significant technological advancement.

[0038] Preferably, the multiphysics coupling interference model is expressed as: in, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, The temperature difference slope of the series cooling loop (unit: ), The reference length of the laser head beam (x-axis) is given. The reference temperature constant for the cooling system (unit: ), The micro-torsion angle (unit: ) caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads ).

[0039] In the above model This represents the multiphysics coupling interference factor, a comprehensive quantitative index used to characterize the overall interference level caused by the interaction of multiple physical fields during laser processing. This factor unifies multiple effects such as thermal, mechanical, and environmental factors into a single value, providing a basis for subsequent compensation and correction. A higher value indicates a more significant interference to the system.

[0040] This parameter represents the real-time dust shading rate within the processing chamber, reflecting the attenuation effect of dust on laser beam transmission in the processing environment. This parameter can be obtained by setting up optical sensors, such as laser scattering sensors or transmittance sensors, within the processing chamber to monitor the degree of light intensity attenuation or scattering intensity of the laser beam as it passes through the processing area in real time.

[0041] The temperature difference slope of the series cooling loop is used to characterize the uniformity of heat distribution or the rate of change of heat load inside the cooling system. This parameter can be obtained by arranging multiple high-precision temperature sensors at different locations in the series cooling loop to measure the temperature at each point in real time, and then calculating the ratio of the temperature difference between adjacent temperature measurement points to the distance. For example, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the coolant can be measured and combined with the effective length of the cooling loop to calculate the average temperature difference slope.

[0042] The reference length of the laser head beam (x-axis) is a preset geometric parameter that represents the reference dimension of the laser head in the X-axis direction. This parameter is determined during the equipment design phase and serves as a fixed input quantity in the model.

[0043] The reference temperature constant of the cooling system is the reference temperature value when the cooling system is operating normally. This constant is usually preset according to the design specifications and optimal operating conditions of the cooling system, such as being set as the ideal operating temperature of the coolant.

[0044] The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads reflects the slight mechanical torsional deformation of the crossbeam of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 or the mounting platform 3 caused by the asymmetric layout or working state difference of the CO2 laser engraving head 4 and the fiber laser cutting head 5 on the mounting platform 3. This torsion angle can be measured in real time by installing high-precision strain sensors or micro angle sensors at key stress points, or monitored by precision measuring equipment such as laser interferometers.

[0045] The solution proposed in this application is to improve the real-time dust shading rate within the processing chamber. Temperature difference slope of series cooling circuit Laser head crossbeam reference length Cooling system reference temperature constant And the micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads Multiple physical quantities are coupled together in a specific mathematical form to construct a comprehensive multiphysics coupling interference model. This model not only considers the impact of environmental factors (dust shading rate) on laser energy transmission, but also the potential influence of the thermal management system (the ratio of the cooling loop temperature difference slope to the reference parameter) on structural thermal deformation, and the direct influence of the mechanical structure (microscopic torsion angle) on optical path alignment. In this way, the model can integrate these seemingly independent physical phenomena into a unified multiphysics coupling interference factor. This integration avoids the bias that might result from considering individual factors separately, making the assessment of the overall system interference state more comprehensive and accurate. For example, when an anomaly in the cooling system leads to an increase in the temperature difference slope, the model can reflect the contribution of the resulting thermal deformation to the overall interference; simultaneously, when dual laser heads switch or operate simultaneously, generating asymmetrical loads, the model can also quantify the impact of the resulting mechanical torsion on the optical path accuracy. This comprehensive quantification method provides more reliable and accurate input for subsequent Z-axis dynamic compensation and power adaptive correction, thereby improving the intelligence level and processing quality of the entire laser processing system.

[0046] The following is a concrete example. Suppose a multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system is operating during a hybrid processing task. A multiphysics coupling calculation module continuously acquires real-time system status data. For example, optical sensors installed in the processing chamber detect the real-time dust shading rate within the chamber. The value is 0.05 (meaning 5% of the laser energy is blocked by dust); meanwhile, the temperature sensor feedback data in the cooling system shows that the temperature difference slope of the series cooling loop is... It is 0.02 Furthermore, a miniature angle sensor mounted on the 6-beam of the three-axis motion mechanism detected a microscopic torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads. It is 0.001 The preset reference length of the laser head beam. It is 1.5 Cooling system reference temperature constant 298 (Approximately 25 degrees Celsius). Substituting these real-time data and baseline parameters into the aforementioned multiphysics coupling interference model, the multiphysics coupling interference factor is calculated. This calculation The value is then passed to the Z-axis dynamic compensation module and the power adaptive correction module as the basis for their subsequent compensation and correction. For example, if A higher value indicates greater overall interference from the current processing environment and equipment conditions, requiring more significant Z-axis compensation or power correction.

[0047] Through the above technical solution, this application can accurately quantify the complex coupling effects of multiple physical fields (such as thermal field, mechanical field, and environmental field) during laser processing using a unified mathematical model, generating a comprehensive multi-physics coupling interference factor. This allows the controller 8 to more comprehensively and accurately assess the degree of interference experienced by the system, avoiding errors or omissions that may occur due to single-physics field analysis. Based on this accurate interference factor, subsequent Z-axis dynamic compensation and power adaptive correction can be performed more precisely, thereby effectively offsetting or mitigating the impact of various interferences on laser processing quality, significantly improving processing accuracy, stability, and consistency. Especially in high-precision, high-efficiency hybrid processing modes, it can ensure that the processing quality of the workpiece meets the expected standards.

[0048] Preferably, the calculation formula for the Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus in the Z-axis dynamic compensation module is as follows: in, The dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus (unit: ), The height of the eccentric lever arm for installing the laser head. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads Z-axis focal point high-frequency displacement rate (unit: ), For the servo system sampling period, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor.

[0049] Among them, the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus This refers to the vertical displacement adjustment required by the Z-axis motion mechanism 6 to ensure the laser focus remains in the optimal position. This value can be calculated by the controller 8 and sent as a command to the Z-axis servo drive system to adjust the laser head height in real time. (Laser head mounting eccentric arm height) This is the vertical distance of the laser head relative to its mounting point or axis of rotation. This parameter reflects the geometric amplification effect of the Z-axis displacement of the laser head focal position when the mechanical structure is subjected to torsional torque. This height is usually a fixed geometric parameter determined during the design of the device body 1, and can be measured and stored in the memory of the controller 8 during system initialization or calibration. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads... This refers to the minute angular deformation of the mechanical structure (e.g., the crossbeam of the three-axis motion mechanism 6) caused by differences in mass, center of gravity distribution, or switching of working states between the CO2 laser engraving head 4 and the fiber laser cutting head 5. This torsion angle can be measured in real time using a high-precision angle sensor (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope, tilt sensor, or strain gauge array), or estimated using a pre-established finite element analysis model combined with the load condition. Z-axis focus follow-up high-frequency displacement rate. This refers to the maximum focus tracking speed that the Z-axis servo system can achieve per unit time. It characterizes the system's response capability to workpiece surface undulations or dynamic focal length changes. This displacement rate reflects the comprehensive performance of the Z-axis servo motor, driver, and control algorithm, and can be calibrated during the system debugging phase. Servo system sampling period. This refers to the time interval between when controller 8 acquires sensor data and updates control commands. A shorter sampling period generally means higher control accuracy and faster response speed. This parameter can be configured in the software of controller 8. Multiphysics Coupling Interference Factor These are comprehensive parameters calculated based on the aforementioned multi-physics coupling interference model. They quantify the impact of various physical field interactions on system stability, such as the temperature difference slope of the series cooling circuit, the reference length of the laser head beam, the reference temperature constant of the cooling system, the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber, and the micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads.

[0050] The solution in this application is to dynamically compensate the Z-axis value of the tool head focus. The calculation is decomposed into two main parts, achieving a more comprehensive and accurate compensation for Z-axis focus deviation. Part One This study directly quantifies the impact of the microscopic torsion of the mechanical structure caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads on the Z-axis focal position. When the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads causes a microscopic torsion angle in the crossbeam of the three-axis motion mechanism 6... At that time, due to the height of the eccentric lever arm during laser head installation The presence of this component causes a vertical displacement of the laser head focus. This compensation effectively corrects static or quasi-static Z-axis deviations caused by mechanical deformation. Part Two This combines the high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focus. Servo system sampling period and multi-physics coupling interference factor This is used to compensate for the Z-axis deviation caused by multiphysics coupling effects and limitations in the system's dynamic response capability. Among them, This represents the maximum displacement that the Z-axis system can respond to within a single servo sampling period, while This displacement is then used as an adjustment factor to dynamically adjust the amount of displacement based on the degree of real-time multiphysics interference. In this way, the scheme not only considers the impact of mechanical structure deformation, but also takes into account the combined effects of environmental factors and the system's dynamic response capability on the focal position, making the Z-axis dynamic compensation more accurate.

[0051] The following is a specific example to illustrate this: Controller 8 receives dynamic sensing data (such as the microscopic torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads). After obtaining the reference parameters, the multiphysics coupling interference factor is first calculated using the multiphysics coupling calculation module. Assume the height of the eccentric lever arm when the laser head is mounted. The Z-axis focal point high-frequency displacement rate is 0.05 meters. The sampling period of the servo system is 0.1 m / s. The time is 0.001 seconds. This occurs when controller 8 detects the microscopic torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load on the dual laser heads. It is 0.01 radians, and the multi-physics coupling interference factor is... When the value is 1.05, the Z-axis dynamic compensation module will calculate the Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus according to the above formula. Specifically, controller 8 will calculate =0.0000025 meters, which is then sent to the Z-axis servo drive of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 to precisely adjust the height of the laser head, thereby ensuring that the laser focus is always kept on the workpiece surface.

[0052] Through the above technical solutions, the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine can more accurately calculate the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the cutter head focus, effectively overcoming the influence of the microscopic torsion of the mechanical structure caused by the asymmetrical load of the dual laser heads on the focus position, and comprehensively considering the multi-physics field coupling interference. This allows the laser focus to be maintained in the optimal position more stably and accurately, significantly improving the processing accuracy and consistency of laser cutting and engraving. Especially under high-speed, high-dynamic, or complex working conditions, it can effectively reduce processing defects caused by focus deviation and improve product quality.

[0053] Preferably, the formula for calculating the actual effective output power of the laser in the power adaptive correction module is as follows: in, This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. Set the power for the laser's base. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, This is the dynamic compensation value for the Z-axis of the tool head focus. Energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth (unit: ), Laser pulse repetition frequency (unit: ) Or expressed as ).

[0054] Actual effective output power of laser This refers to the effective energy output of a laser on the workpiece surface after various losses under actual working conditions. The concept reflects the true utilization rate of laser energy, rather than simply the laser's nominal or set power. (Laser's basic set power) This refers to the initial output power value set by the user or control system for the laser under ideal conditions. This power is typically input and adjusted through the user interface of controller 8 and serves as a reference for the laser's output energy. Real-time dust shading rate within the processing chamber. This refers to the attenuation of the laser beam transmission caused by dust particles suspended within the processing chamber during laser processing, resulting from cutting or engraving. This attenuation rate can be obtained in real time by installing optical sensors within the processing chamber, for example, by measuring the attenuation of a specific wavelength beam along the processing path. (Z-axis dynamic compensation value of the cutting head focus) This refers to the real-time adjustment in the Z-axis direction calculated by the Z-axis dynamic compensation module to maintain the laser focus in the optimal position. This compensation value is calculated based on the multi-physics coupling interference factor and the high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focus in the motion axis system, aiming to counteract focus drift caused by factors such as thermal deformation and mechanical vibration. Energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth. This parameter characterizes the energy loss per unit defocus depth of a laser beam when it deviates from its optimal focal position. This coefficient is related to factors such as the laser beam mode, wavelength, focal depth, and the optical properties of the workpiece material, and typically needs to be obtained through experimental calibration. Laser pulse repetition frequency. For pulsed lasers, this refers to the number of laser pulses emitted per second. For continuous wave lasers, this parameter may be expressed as the effective modulation frequency. This frequency is an important operating parameter of the laser, which directly affects the energy density and processing efficiency applied to the workpiece per unit time. It is usually set by the controller 8.

[0055] The power adaptive correction module of this application achieves precise control of laser output energy by introducing a calculation formula for the actual effective output power of the laser. This formula incorporates the laser's base set power. As a benchmark, it is modified in two ways. First, by dividing by To compensate for the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber The attenuation of laser energy. As the dust shading rate increases, the denominator decreases, thus reducing the required actual effective output power. The energy level is increased accordingly to offset energy loss caused by dust and ensure that the energy reaching the workpiece remains stable. Secondly, by adding... The dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus is used to compensate for the tool head. Energy loss caused by defocus. When the focus deviates from the optimal position, even if the Z-axis dynamic compensation module adjusts it, transient or residual defocus may still exist, leading to a decrease in energy utilization. This item quantifies the energy loss caused by defocus by combining the focus compensation value, the energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth, and the laser pulse repetition frequency, and adds it to the base power. Through the above correction mechanism, the power adaptive correction module can comprehensively consider environmental factors (such as dust) and system dynamic factors (such as focus drift), and transform these real-time state data into precise adjustment requirements for the laser output power. This allows the laser to dynamically adjust its output according to the actual working conditions, ensuring that the laser energy acting on the workpiece is always in the optimal state, thereby overcoming the processing instability problem caused by relying solely on the base power setting. This correction method, working in conjunction with the multiphysics coupling calculation module and the Z-axis dynamic compensation module, forms a closed-loop, adaptive laser energy management system, significantly improving the processing accuracy and stability.

[0056] The following is a specific example. As a particular implementation, suppose that during a precision cutting operation, controller 8 sets the laser's base power setting. The value is 150W. During the processing, the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber is... Real-time monitoring is achieved using an optical dust sensor installed in the machining chamber, which detects a value of 0.05 (meaning 5% of the laser energy is blocked by dust). Simultaneously, the Z-axis dynamic compensation module calculates the dynamic compensation value for the tool head focus Z-axis based on the multi-physics coupling interference factor and the high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focus. The focal offset is 0.0005 meters (i.e., 0.5 millimeters). For currently used materials and laser types, the energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth is... The laser pulse repetition frequency was pre-calibrated to 600 joules / meter. The frequency is set to 2000 Hz. At this point, the power adaptive correction module will calculate the actual effective output power of the laser according to the above formula. ==757.89 watts. This means that in order to ensure that the effective power applied to the workpiece reaches the expected effect, the laser needs to output approximately 757.89 watts of power to compensate for the energy loss caused by dust obscuring the light and focus shift. The controller 8 will then instruct the laser to adjust its output power to this calculated value.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, the power adaptive correction module can accurately calculate the actual effective output power of the laser based on the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the cutter head focus and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. This effectively solves the problem of laser energy attenuation and reduced utilization caused by environmental factors (such as dust) and system dynamic factors (such as focus drift) during laser processing. By adjusting the laser's output power in real time and adaptively, it ensures that the laser energy acting on the workpiece remains stable and consistent, thereby significantly improving the precision, consistency, and processing quality of cutting and engraving, avoiding processing defects caused by insufficient or excessive power, extending the service life of the laser and related optical components, and improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability of the equipment.

[0058] Preferably, the formula for calculating the optimal response delay time in the switching timing control module is as follows: in, The optimal response delay time is... The resistance coefficient of the gas path system (unit: ), The deviation of dynamic pressure drop of auxiliary gas (unit: ), This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. The rated maximum power of the currently activated laser. This is the current base cutting or carving speed. This refers to the transient impact acceleration of the motion module.

[0059] The optimal response delay time refers to the shortest time required from issuing the switching command to all components of the system (such as the laser, gas system, and motion module) reaching a stable working state when the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine switches between mixed processing modes. Its function is to ensure that laser output, auxiliary gas supply, and motion trajectory are precisely synchronized during mode switching, avoiding processing defects caused by differences in the response speeds of different components. This time can be calculated and executed by the switching timing control module inside the controller 8. The gas system resistance coefficient... The resistance coefficient, representing the resistance encountered by gas flow in a pneumatic system, is related to factors such as pipe length, diameter, number of bends, valve type, and gas viscosity. It reflects the influence of the pneumatic system on the supply rate and pressure of the auxiliary gas and is a key parameter for calculating gas response time. This coefficient can be estimated through experimental measurement, fluid dynamics simulation, or based on the specifications of pneumatic components. For example, it can be determined by measuring the pressure drop across the pneumatic system at different flow rates, or by consulting a standard flow resistance coefficient table. The dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas... This refers to the transient difference between the actual gas pressure and the target set pressure when the auxiliary gas supply switches from one state to another. Its function is to reflect the stability of the gas path system during dynamic changes, directly affecting the timeliness and accuracy of the auxiliary gas reaching the processing area. This deviation can be obtained by real-time monitoring of gas path pressure changes using a high-frequency pressure sensor and comparing it with the preset target pressure, or it can be predicted through dynamic modeling and simulation of the gas path system. The actual effective output power of the laser... This refers to the effective laser power actually applied to the workpiece after considering environmental factors within the processing chamber (such as dust shading rate) and the influence of focal position (Z-axis dynamic compensation). It is a key parameter ensuring processing quality, directly affecting the depth and speed of cutting or engraving. The currently activated laser's rated maximum power... This refers to the maximum stable power that the currently used laser (CO2 laser engraving head 4 or fiber laser cutting head 5) can output under its design or calibration state. Its function is to serve as the upper limit of the laser's power output, used to normalize the actual effective output power, and reflect the power margin of the laser during switching. This power is usually a technical parameter provided by the laser manufacturer and stored in the parameter database of the controller 8. The current basic cutting or engraving movement speed... This refers to the reference moving speed of the actuator (mounting platform 3) of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 during the current cutting or engraving operation. Its function is to reflect the dynamic needs of the motion module and is an important input for calculating the motion module's response time. This speed is set by the user in the machining program or automatically selected by the system based on material and machining requirements. The transient impact acceleration of the motion module... This refers to the maximum instantaneous acceleration that the moving parts of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 can withstand or generate when switching modes or changing speed and direction drastically. Its function is to reflect the dynamic response capability and stability of the motion module. It is a key parameter for calculating the time required for the motion module to reach a stable speed. This acceleration can be estimated through the mechanical design parameters of the motion module, the motor drive performance, and the control algorithm, or obtained through experimental measurement. For example, it can be determined by measuring the acceleration response curve of the motion module under different loads, or by setting the parameters of the motion controller.

[0060] This application's solution comprehensively considers the gas path system, laser power, and dynamic characteristics of the motion module to construct a calculation model for the optimal response delay time. The first term in this model, namely... This mainly reflects the settling time required for the gas path system to switch from one state to another, and the time required for the laser power to adjust from the current state to the actual effective output power. The gas path system resistance coefficient is also relevant. and the deviation of dynamic pressure drop of auxiliary gas Together, they determine the response speed and stability of the auxiliary gas supply; the actual effective output power of the laser. With the rated maximum power of the currently activated laser The ratio reflects the difficulty and time required to adjust the laser power. The second term, namely... This mainly reflects the time required for the motion module to adjust from the current speed to the target cutting or carving speed, where the current base cutting or carving speed is the base speed. and transient impact acceleration of motion module These two time components together determine the dynamic response capability of the motion module. By superimposing these two time components, controller 8 can obtain an optimal response delay time that comprehensively considers mechanical, fluid, and laser dynamic characteristics. This integrated computing approach ensures that all critical subsystems can simultaneously reach a stable operating state when switching between mixed processing modes, thus avoiding processing errors or efficiency losses caused by insufficient consideration of a single factor. This significantly improves the adaptability and accuracy of multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machines in complex processing tasks.

[0061] As a specific implementation, when the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine needs to switch from fiber laser cutting mode to CO2 laser engraving mode, the switching timing control module within the controller 8 will initiate the calculation of the optimal response delay time. For example, suppose the fiber laser cutting mode requires high-pressure auxiliary gas, while the CO2 laser engraving mode requires low-pressure auxiliary gas or no auxiliary gas. In this case, the controller 8 will first obtain the current gas path system resistance coefficient from its internal storage or sensors. For example, this coefficient may be related to the type of valve and piping layout currently in use. Meanwhile, controller 8 monitors the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas. This deviation can be acquired in real time by a high-precision pressure sensor installed in the gas path to reflect the transient change in gas pressure when switching from high pressure to low pressure. Next, the controller 8 obtains the actual effective output power of the laser from the CO2 laser engraving head 4 from the power adaptive correction module. This power has been corrected based on the real-time dust shading rate and Z-axis focus dynamic compensation value within the processing chamber. Simultaneously, controller 8 queries the rated maximum power of the CO2 laser engraving head 4. In addition, controller 8 will also acquire the base cutting or engraving movement speed of the current CO2 laser engraving mode. And the transient impact acceleration of the motion module of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 All these parameters are input into the above calculation formula to accurately calculate the optimal response latency required for this mode switch. Controller 8 then calculates... Precisely coordinating the activation of the CO2 laser engraving head 4, the adjustment of the auxiliary gas pressure, and the movement speed and position of the three-axis motion mechanism 6 ensures... After the time was up, all systems were stable and ready for engraving operations.

[0062] Through the above technical solution, the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine can dynamically calculate the optimal mode switching delay time based on the real-time system status and processing parameters. This avoids the problems of low efficiency (too long a delay) or decreased processing quality (too short a delay) that may result from using a fixed delay time. This solution ensures that laser output, auxiliary gas supply, and motion modules can be precisely synchronized when switching between different processing modes, thereby significantly improving processing accuracy and stability, reducing scrap rates caused by improper switching, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0063] Preferably, the multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system is used in the same processing operation, controlling the automatic switching between the first laser source cutting mode and the second laser source engraving mode through the same CNC axis system; the first and second laser sources share the same set of servo drive modules and series cooling circuits. This configuration effectively solves the problems of low switching efficiency, complex operation, and potential impact on processing accuracy when switching between different laser sources in mixed processing modes in multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machines. By integrating the two laser sources under the same CNC axis system and achieving automatic switching, the operation process is greatly simplified, eliminating the time waste and potential errors caused by frequent equipment changes or manual adjustments in traditional solutions. The shared three-axis motion mechanism 6 ensures high-precision positioning and motion consistency in the two processing modes, while the shared series cooling circuit optimizes the equipment structure and ensures stable operation of the laser.

[0064] Preferably, a collection hopper 9 is fixedly installed on the main body 1 of the device. The collection hopper 9 has a filter hole 10. A connecting cylinder 11 is sleeved on the filter hole 10 and the connecting cylinder 11 is detachably connected to one end of the pipe that passes through the main body 1 of the device. The other end of the pipe is connected to an external suction device. The purpose of this arrangement is to use the collection hopper 9 to collect and process the waste generated by cutting or carving, and at the same time to use the suction device to extract and purify the smoke and dust generated.

[0065] Preferably, the controller 8 is mounted on the device body 1 and electrically connected to the CO2 laser engraving head 4, the fiber laser cutting head 5, the external suction device, and the three-axis motion mechanism 6. The purpose of this arrangement is to control the mounting platform 3, the CO2 laser engraving head 4, the fiber laser cutting head 5, the three-axis motion mechanism 6, and the external suction device.

[0066] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0067] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-functional laser cutting and engraving machine, comprising a device body (1), a front cover (2) hinged to the device body (1), a three-axis motion mechanism (6) mounted on the device body (1), and a controller (8), characterized in that, Also includes: The mounting platform (3) is detachably mounted on the execution end of the three-axis motion mechanism (6), on which a CO2 laser engraving head (4) and a fiber laser cutting head (5) are detachably mounted. The placement platform (7) is detachably installed on the device body (1) and is used to support the workpiece; A multi-functional laser cutting and engraving system, operating within a controller (8), includes: The multiphysics coupling calculation module is used to acquire real-time system status data, construct a multiphysics coupling interference model, and obtain the multiphysics coupling interference factor. The Z-axis dynamic compensation module calculates the dynamic compensation value of the tool head focus Z-axis based on the multi-physics coupling interference factor and the high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focus of the motion axis system. The power adaptive correction module obtains the actual effective output power of the laser based on the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The timing control module calculates the optimal response delay time for switching the hybrid processing mode based on the actual effective output power of the laser, combined with the resistance coefficient of the gas path system, the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the auxiliary gas, and the transient impact acceleration of the motion module. It then controls the switching of the underlying hardware execution timing according to the optimal response delay time.

2. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system's real-time status data includes dynamic sensor data and baseline parameters: The dynamic sensing data includes: the temperature difference slope of the series cooling circuit, the micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads, and the real-time dust shading rate in the processing chamber. The reference parameters include: the preset reference length of the laser head beam and the reference temperature constant of the cooling system.

3. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multiphysics coupling interference model is expressed as follows: in, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, The slope of the temperature difference in the series cooling circuit. This is the reference length of the laser head beam. This is the reference temperature constant for the cooling system. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads.

4. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis focus of the tool head in the Z-axis dynamic compensation module is as follows: in, The dynamic compensation value of the Z-axis of the tool head focus (unit: ), The height of the eccentric lever arm for installing the laser head. The micro-torsion angle caused by the asymmetric load of the dual laser heads The high-frequency displacement rate of the Z-axis focal point is used for tracking. For the servo system sampling period, It is a multi-physics coupling interference factor.

5. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the actual effective output power of the laser in the power adaptive correction module is as follows: in, This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. Set the base power for the laser. To measure the real-time dust shading rate inside the processing chamber, This is the dynamic compensation value for the Z-axis of the tool head focus. The energy loss coefficient per unit defocus depth. This represents the laser pulse repetition frequency.

6. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the optimal response delay time in the switching timing control module is as follows: in, The optimal response delay time is... The resistance coefficient of the gas path system. To assist the dynamic pressure drop deviation of the gas. This represents the actual effective output power of the laser. The rated maximum power of the currently activated laser. This is the current base cutting or carving speed. This refers to the transient impact acceleration of the motion module.

7. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claims 1-6, characterized in that, The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving system is used in the same processing operation and automatically switches between the first laser source cutting mode and the second laser source engraving mode through the same CNC axis system; the first laser source and the second laser source share the same set of three-axis motion mechanism (6) and series cooling circuit.

8. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, A collection hopper (9) is fixedly installed on the main body (1) of the device. A filter hole (10) is provided on the collection hopper (9). A connecting cylinder (11) is sleeved on the filter hole (10) and the connecting cylinder (11) is detachably connected to one end of the pipe that passes through the main body (1) of the device. The other end of the pipe is connected to an external suction device.

9. The multifunctional laser cutting and engraving machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller (8) is installed on the device body (1) and is electrically connected to the CO2 laser engraving head (4), the fiber laser cutting head (5), the external suction device and the three-axis motion mechanism (6).

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