A device for collecting exhaled human gas in stages

Abstract

The application discloses a device for collecting exhaled human gas in stages, and relates to the technical field of medical apparatuses. The device comprises a fixing shell, a support, a matching pipe, a gas storage mechanism, a limiting mechanism and a distance measuring module. The gas storage mechanism comprises a connecting pipe, a wave-shaped air bag, a first spring, a gas pressure detection module, a separation sheet, an electromagnetic on-off valve and a supporting ring. The limiting mechanism comprises a limiting pile, a lifting plate, a threaded pipe, a motor, a threaded rod, a stand, a lifting hole, a connecting rod, a second spring and a baffle. When a patient exhales, the gas pressure detection module detects the pressure in the wave-shaped air bag. When the pressure reaches a preset threshold, the limiting mechanism is controlled to sequentially release the supporting ring limiting, so that the wave-shaped air bag is inflated in stages, and the corresponding electromagnetic on-off valve is controlled to be sequentially closed. The continuously exhaled gas is separated and stored in multiple independent air chambers. The device has the advantages that the gas in the front stage, the middle stage and the tail stage can be divided and extracted according to the time when each independent air chamber is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to a device for phased collection of exhaled human gas. Background Technology

[0002] Human exhaled air contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen, water vapor, and various biological metabolites. The composition of exhaled air varies depending on its source. In the early stages of exhalation, the air mainly originates from the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. In the middle stages, the air gradually mixes with the air in the bronchi, while in the final stages, the air mainly originates from the alveoli. Therefore, the concentration of components in exhaled air varies significantly at different stages. In recent years, using human exhaled air for disease screening, lung function assessment, and metabolic analysis has gradually become an important research direction in medical testing. To improve the accuracy of testing, it is usually necessary to collect a breath of air continuously exhaled by the patient in stages and then analyze it separately.

[0003] Currently, existing exhaled gas collection devices typically use a single sampling bag, sampling canister, or direct online detection to collect the entire breath of gas exhaled continuously by the patient. Although a complete exhaled sample can be obtained, the mixture of exhaled gas from different stages makes it impossible to distinguish between the initial, middle, and final stages of the gas. This causes the components of gases from different sources to interfere with each other, thereby reducing the accuracy of the test results. Although some existing devices can achieve staged sampling using time control, solenoid valve switching, or multi-channel sampling structures, most of them require the patient to exhale according to a preset time or preset flow rate. For example, patients are required to exhale continuously for several seconds, or the sampling channels are switched sequentially at fixed times.

[0004] However, in actual testing, due to significant differences in age, vital capacity, disease type, and respiratory capacity among patients, the duration of their continuous exhalation varies. Some patients have shorter exhalation times, while others have longer ones. If a fixed time segmentation method is still used for sampling, inaccurate segmentation of the initial, mid, and final exhalations can easily occur. For example, for patients with shorter exhalations, the preset time may cover the entire exhalation process, making it impossible to collect the final exhalation separately. For patients with longer exhalations, alveolar air may enter the mid-range sampling area prematurely, causing samples from different stages to be mixed. In addition, most existing technologies cannot record the actual volume and formation time of samples at each stage, nor can they automatically establish the correspondence between each sample and the exhalation stage based on the patient's actual exhalation process. Therefore, it is difficult to simultaneously complete the precise segmented collection of exhaled gas, the calculation of the patient's exhalation volume, and the independent analysis of samples from different stages.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a staged exhaled human gas collection device that can automatically collect exhaled human gas in stages according to the patient's actual exhalation state. This device does not require pre-setting the patient's exhalation duration, but automatically completes the sample division based on the patient's actual exhalation process. It can also independently save and subsequently test exhaled gas at different stages, and obtain the patient's exhaled volume and overall exhalation volume at each stage, thereby improving the accuracy of exhaled gas detection results and adapting to the detection capabilities of different patients. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for phased collection of exhaled human gas, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a staged collection device for exhaled human gas, including a fixed shell, a fitting tube for patient exhalation is provided on one side of the fixed shell, the fitting tube is connected to a waveform airbag through a connecting tube, the waveform airbag is disposed inside the fixed shell and can be extended and retracted axially, and a first spring is connected to the tail end of the waveform airbag so that the waveform airbag can automatically retract and reset after sampling is completed.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, multiple partition plates are arranged sequentially along the axial direction inside the wave-shaped airbag, and multiple independent air chambers are formed between adjacent partition plates. An electromagnetic opening and closing valve is arranged at the center of each partition plate. The electromagnetic opening and closing valve is used to control the connection and isolation between adjacent independent air chambers. A support ring is arranged at the position of the maximum diameter of each independent air chamber. The support ring is used to support the wave-shaped airbag to unfold at the corresponding position, so that the wave-shaped airbag forms multiple sequentially arranged inflatable air chambers.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, a pressure detection module is provided between the connecting tube and the waveform airbag. The pressure detection module is used to detect the internal pressure of the waveform airbag in real time during the patient's exhalation and send the detection result to the control module. The control module controls the operation of the limit mechanism and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve according to the pressure change detected by the pressure detection module.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting post, a lifting plate, a motor, a threaded rod, a column, a lifting hole, and multiple baffles. The motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, and the threaded rod drives the lifting plate to move along the limiting post. The lifting plate enters the interior of each lifting hole in sequence and pushes the corresponding column to rise. The column drives the corresponding baffle to lift, so that the corresponding support ring is released from the limiting position. Under the pressure inside the wave-shaped airbag, the wave-shaped airbag at the corresponding position unfolds axially.

[0011] In the initial state of the device, all electromagnetic valves remain open, and each baffle abuts against the side of its corresponding support ring, keeping the wave-shaped airbag in a folded and contracted state. When the patient exhales continuously, the exhaled air enters the wave-shaped airbag through the fitting tube and connecting tube. Due to the restriction of each support ring by the baffle, the wave-shaped airbag cannot unfold immediately, and the internal pressure gradually increases. When the air pressure detection module detects that the internal pressure has reached the preset pressure threshold, the control module controls the limiting mechanism to release the limit of the outermost support ring, causing the corresponding wave-shaped airbag section to unfold. When the internal pressure reaches the preset pressure threshold again, the control module closes the corresponding electromagnetic valve, sealing the gas in the unfolded air chamber, and continues to release the limit of the next support ring, causing the wave-shaped airbag to unfold and close section by section in a preset sequence until the patient completes continuous exhalation.

[0012] When the air pressure detection module detects a rapid drop in the internal pressure of the waveform airbag, the control module determines that the patient's exhalation has ended and controls the leftmost electromagnetic valve to close, so that multiple independent sealed air chambers and a residual gas chamber at the tail are formed inside the waveform airbag, thereby sealing the patient's continuously exhaled breath into multiple independent air chambers in sequence according to the actual exhalation process.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, a ranging module is also provided inside the fixed shell. The ranging module is used to detect the position change of the end of the waveform airbag in real time and send the detection result to the control module. The control module combines the displacement data detected by the ranging module, the sequence of the limit mechanism releasing the support ring, the closing sequence of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve, and the preset volume parameters to calculate the actual volume corresponding to each independent air chamber and the total continuous exhalation volume of the patient, and obtains the patient's exhalation capacity parameters based on the calculation results.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the control module also records the closing time of each electromagnetic valve, the formation time of each independent air chamber, and the overall exhalation duration of the patient. Based on the correspondence between the formation time of each independent air chamber and the patient's exhalation time, the control module automatically divides the multiple independent air chambers into sampling areas corresponding to the initial air, middle air, and final air. In the subsequent detection process, the control module selectively opens the electromagnetic valves between the corresponding independent air chambers in the same stage, so that the multiple independent air chambers in the same stage are reconnected, while maintaining a sealed isolation between different stages, thereby realizing the independent extraction and detection of the initial air, middle air, and final air.

[0015] After the test is completed, the control module controls all electromagnetic valves to return to the open state. Under the elastic action of the first spring and the wave-shaped airbag itself, the wave-shaped airbag gradually retracts to the initial folded state. At the same time, the motor reverses the drive of the lifting plate to reset, each column descends, and each baffle re-limits the support ring. After the ranging module confirms that the wave-shaped airbag has returned to the initial position, the device re-enters the test state to perform the next staged collection of human exhaled gas.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0017] 1. This invention, by setting up a gas storage mechanism, utilizes a waveform airbag, separators, electromagnetic valves, and support rings working together. During the patient's continuous exhalation, the pressure detection module monitors the internal pressure of the waveform airbag in real time. Using a preset pressure as a control condition, the limiting mechanism sequentially releases the limits of each support ring, while simultaneously controlling the corresponding electromagnetic valves to close sequentially. This causes the waveform airbag to expand and close segment by segment, sealing the patient's continuously exhaled air into multiple independent air chambers according to the actual exhalation process. Without needing to pre-set the patient's exhalation time, this invention adapts to differences in exhalation duration and capacity among different patients, enabling continuous, staged collection of exhaled gas and improving sampling accuracy and adaptability.

[0018] 2. This invention, by setting a ranging module and combining the sequence of releasing the support ring limit by the limiting mechanism, the closing sequence of the electromagnetic opening and closing valve, and the segmented deployment process of the waveform airbag, can detect the extension distance of the waveform airbag in real time. It can also calculate the actual volume of each independent air chamber and the total volume of the patient's continuous exhalation by combining preset volume parameters. Therefore, it can obtain the patient's exhalation volume and overall exhalation volume at each stage without the need for an additional flow meter. This enables the simultaneous completion of exhaled gas sampling and respiratory capacity testing, improving the integrity of the detection data and the integration of the equipment.

[0019] 3. This invention establishes a correspondence between each independent air chamber and the patient's exhalation stage by recording the closing time of each electromagnetic valve, the formation sequence of each independent air chamber, and the duration of the patient's continuous exhalation. Based on the patient's actual exhalation process, it can automatically determine whether each independent air chamber corresponds to the initial, middle, or final stage of exhalation. By selectively opening the corresponding electromagnetic valve, multiple independent air chambers belonging to the same exhalation stage are reconnected, while samples from different stages remain isolated. This achieves automatic classification and independent detection of the initial, middle, and final stages of exhalation, avoids mixing of gases from different stages, and improves the accuracy of subsequent gas composition detection results.

[0020] 4. This invention utilizes the linkage between the motor, threaded rod, threaded pipe, lifting plate, column, connecting rod, second spring, and baffle in the limiting mechanism to enable the baffle to sequentially release or restore its limiting position on the support ring. After the test is completed, under the restoring force of the first spring and the elasticity of the wave-shaped airbag itself, the wave-shaped airbag automatically contracts and resets, while the limiting mechanism restores its limiting position on each support ring, and the electromagnetic opening and closing valve returns to its initial state. This allows the entire device to quickly return to the test state without manual adjustment of the gas storage mechanism, improving the automation level, continuous testing capability, and consistency of repeated tests. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lower structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the groove structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed shell of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gas storage mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the gas storage mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the gas storage mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Fixed shell; 2. Bracket; 3. Fitting tube; 4. Exhaust hole; 5. Groove; 6. Air storage mechanism; 7. Limiting mechanism; 8. Distance measuring module; 601. Connecting tube; 602. Waveform airbag; 603. First spring; 604. Air pressure detection module; 605. Separator; 606. Electromagnetic valve; 607. Support ring; 701. Limiting post; 702. Lifting plate; 703. Threaded tube; 704. Motor; 705. Threaded rod; 706. Column; 707. Lifting hole; 708. Connecting rod; 709. Second spring; 710. Baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a staged exhaled human gas collection device, including a fixed shell 1, a fitting tube 3, and a control module. The fixed shell 1 is also provided with a gas storage mechanism 6, a limiting mechanism 7, and a ranging module 8. The gas storage mechanism 6, the limiting mechanism 7, and the ranging module 8 are all controlled by the control module. One side of the outer wall of the fitting tube 3 is fixedly connected to the bottle mouth of the fixed shell 1. The side of the fitting tube 3 away from the fixed shell 1 has an arc-shaped structure for fitting against the patient's face and for the patient to exhale. The side of the fixed shell 1 away from the fitting tube 3 has an exhaust hole 4 for communicating between the inside and outside of the fixed shell 1, so that the gas inside the fixed shell 1 can be smoothly discharged during the expansion of the waveform airbag 602. The inner wall of the fixed shell 1 has a groove 5. The outer side of the fixed shell 1 is fixedly connected to a bracket 2 for fixing the fixed shell 1 to the external bracket, so that the fitting tube 3 is suitable for the patient to perform exhaled gas collection in a sitting position.

[0035] Before the detection begins, the control module first completes the initialization of the entire device. The control module controls all electromagnetic valves 606 to be in the open state, so that all independent air chambers inside the wave-shaped airbag 602 are connected. At the same time, the motor 704 drives the threaded rod 705 to rotate, so that the lifting plate 702 moves to the rightmost initial position inside the limit post 701. All columns 706 are in the lowest position, and each baffle 710 is located on the side of the corresponding support ring 607, which radially limits the support ring 607, so that all support rings 607 cannot move to the right. Therefore, the wave-shaped airbag 602 remains fully folded under its own elasticity and the combined action of the first spring 603. At this time, the ranging module 8 detects the position of the right end of the wave-shaped airbag 602 and sends the current position as the zero point position to the control module. The air pressure detection module 604 simultaneously detects the air pressure between the connecting pipe 601 and the wave-shaped airbag 602. When the detected pressure is stable at the ambient pressure, the control module determines that the device has completed the initialization and can start sampling.

[0036] The patient then places their mouth against the fitting tube 3 and continuously exhales. The exhaled air first enters the connecting tube 601 and then enters the corrugated airbag 602. Since all the support rings 607 of the corrugated airbag 602 are blocked by the corresponding baffles 710, the corrugated airbag 602 cannot expand axially. The inhaled air can only continuously compress the internal space of the corrugated airbag 602, causing the internal pressure to gradually increase. The air pressure detection module 604 continuously detects the real-time pressure of the airway at a preset sampling frequency and continuously sends it to the control module. The control module determines whether the patient maintains continuous and stable exhalation based on the pressure change, and at the same time monitors whether the first preset pressure threshold has been reached.

[0037] When the air pressure detection module 604 detects that the internal pressure has reached the first pressure threshold, the control module immediately sends a drive signal to the motor 704. The motor 704 drives the threaded rod 705 to rotate at a preset angle, causing the lifting plate 702 to move to the left along the limiting post 701 by a preset stroke. The lifting plate 702 first enters the rightmost lifting hole 707 and pushes the corresponding column 706 upward. The column 706 drives the corresponding connecting rod 708 and the baffle 710 to rise synchronously. At the same time, the second spring 709 contracts and stores energy, causing the rightmost support ring 607 to lose its lateral limit. Under the action of the gas pressure inside the wave-shaped airbag 602, the rightmost section of the wave-shaped airbag 602 immediately unfolds to the right. The support ring 607 moves to the right and drives the corresponding corrugated section to gradually lengthen and expand. At this time, since the other support rings 607 are still restricted by the baffle 710, only the rightmost independent air chamber expands, while the rest remain folded. When the patient continues to exhale, the newly entered gas first fills the unfolded first air chamber.

[0038] As the patient continues to exhale, the pressure inside the first air chamber rises again. When the pressure detection module 604 detects that the pressure has reached the second preset pressure, the control module immediately controls the electromagnetic valve 606 at the center of the rightmost partition 605 to close, completely isolating the already expanded air chamber from the left airway, thus sealing the exhaled gas entering at this stage within the first independent air chamber. Simultaneously, the control module again controls the motor 704 to operate, which drives the threaded rod 705 to rotate, causing the lifting plate 702 to move further to the left by a preset distance and enter the second lifting hole 707, pushing the second column 706 upwards. The second baffle 710 disengages from the second support ring 607, and the second section of the wave-shaped airbag 602 immediately unfolds to the right under the action of internal air pressure. The air exhaled by the patient then enters the second section of the air chamber. As the patient continues to exhale, the above actions are performed in the same way. That is, the control module always uses the pressure threshold detected by the air pressure detection module 604 as the release condition. Each time the pressure threshold is reached, the limit of the next support ring 607 is released, and the corresponding electromagnetic opening and closing valve 606 of the previous section is closed, so that the wave-shaped airbag 602 unfolds and closes section by section until multiple independent air chambers seal the exhaled air at different time periods during the patient's continuous exhalation.

[0039] When the patient finishes exhaling and removes their mouth from the adhesive tube 3, the air pressure detection module 604 detects a significant drop in air pressure within a very short time as the body stops supplying air. The control module uses the pressure drop rate reaching a preset value as the condition for determining the end of exhalation. After confirming that the patient has stopped exhaling, it immediately controls the leftmost, still-open electromagnetic valve 606 to close, so that both ends of the undeployed portion of the waveform airbag 602 are sealed by the separator 605 and the corresponding electromagnetic valve 606, thus forming a residual gas sampling chamber at the tail end. At this point, multiple independent air chambers are formed inside the waveform airbag 602, each storing gas samples corresponding to different stages of the patient's continuous exhalation. The undeployed portion stores the residual gas at the end of the patient's exhalation, realizing automatic sampling of the entire exhaled gas according to the time sequence. There is no need to pre-set the patient's exhalation time or require the patient to exhale at a specified time, which can adapt to patients with different vital capacities and different exhalation abilities, improving the consistency and accuracy of exhaled gas sampling from different patients.

[0040] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1-10 Based on Embodiment 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: by further utilizing the cooperation between the ranging module 8, the air pressure detection module 604 and the limiting mechanism 7, the volume of the exhaled gas at each stage during the patient's continuous exhalation is calculated, and the total exhalation volume and respiratory capacity parameters of the patient in this exhalation are further obtained.

[0041] Before the testing begins, the control module pre-establishes a database of the deployed volume of the waveform airbag 602. This database records the corresponding volume of each deployed section of the waveform airbag 602, as well as the relationship between the right-end displacement of the waveform airbag 602 and its cumulative internal volume. Since the waveform airbag 602 is composed of multiple folding units of uniform size, each support ring 607 forms an independent expansion unit. Therefore, the theoretical volume of each expansion unit after deployment can be pre-calibrated and stored in the control module. Simultaneously, the control module records the sequence in which the baffle 710 is released for each fixed stroke moved by the lifting plate 702 in the limiting mechanism 7. This allows the control module to know in real-time the number of released support rings 607 and the number of independent air chambers formed.

[0042] After initialization, all electromagnetic valves 606 remain open, and baffles 710 continue to restrict the position of the corresponding support rings 607. The patient begins to exhale continuously, and the exhaled air enters the waveform airbag 602 through the connecting pipe 601. Because the support rings 607 are restricted by the baffles 710, the waveform airbag 602 cannot deploy immediately. Therefore, the air pressure detection module 604 continuously monitors the internal pressure changes. When the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the control module controls the motor 704 to work, which drives the lifting plate 702 to move along the limit post 701 through the threaded rod 705, causing the corresponding column 706 to rise and release the restriction of the rightmost support ring 607. The first section of the waveform airbag 602 begins to deploy. During the deployment process, the ranging module 8 continuously monitors the position change of the rightmost end of the waveform airbag 602 and sends the displacement data to the control module in real time.

[0043] After receiving the displacement data from the ranging module 8, the control module compares the current position with the initial position to obtain the current cumulative extension distance of the waveform airbag 602. It also confirms the currently deployed folding units by combining the number of baffles 710 that have been released by the limiting mechanism 7. For example, when the limiting mechanism 7 only releases the first support ring 607, the control module can calculate the actual expansion degree of the first waveform airbag 602 based on the displacement detected by the ranging module 8. When the second support ring 607 is released, the control module calculates the actual volume of the second waveform airbag 602 based on the new displacement and accumulates the volumes of the first and second sections. As the patient continues to exhale, the limiting mechanism 7 continuously releases the subsequent support rings 607, the ranging module 8 continuously reports the change in the position of the end of the waveform airbag 602, and the control module synchronously calculates the actual volume of the newly expanded units and continuously updates the cumulative exhalation volume.

[0044] Meanwhile, the air pressure detection module 604 continuously monitors the pressure changes during the patient's exhalation. When a certain section of the waveform airbag 602 completes its expansion and the internal pressure reaches the preset threshold again, the control module controls the corresponding electromagnetic valve 606 to close, sealing the gas inside the air chamber. The control module also records the closing time and sequence of the electromagnetic valve 606, as well as the release sequence of the corresponding support ring 607. Since each independent air chamber corresponds to an actual expansion volume, the control module can establish a correspondence between the release sequence and the closing sequence, as well as the displacement change and the actual volume. This allows the control module to obtain not only the actual volume of the gas sealed in each independent air chamber, but also the change pattern of gas volume at each stage during the entire continuous exhalation process.

[0045] When the air pressure detection module 604 detects a rapid drop in pressure and determines that the patient has stopped exhaling, the control module stops the limit mechanism 7 from continuing to operate. At the same time, it reads the final position detected by the ranging module 8 and substitutes the final cumulative displacement into the preset volume calculation model to obtain the total volume of this continuous exhalation. Subsequently, the control module statistically analyzes the volume data corresponding to each independent air chamber, calculates the expiratory volume of each stage, the cumulative expiratory volume, and the proportion of each stage volume to the total volume, and calculates parameters such as the average expiratory flow rate, the stage expiratory flow rate, and the rate of change of expiratory volume per unit time in combination with the duration of the patient's continuous exhalation, thereby forming a complete expiratory capacity analysis result.

[0046] Because this embodiment utilizes the segment-by-segment expansion characteristics of the waveform airbag 602, combined with the displacement data detected by the ranging module 8 and the pressure data detected by the air pressure detection module 604, the actual volume of each segment of the waveform airbag 602 after deployment is calculated in real time. This eliminates the need for an additional flow meter in the airway to obtain the patient's total continuous expiratory volume and the expiratory volume at each stage. Furthermore, each independent air chamber has a corresponding formation sequence and formation time. Therefore, the control module can not only analyze the patient's overall lung function but also analyze the changes in expiratory capacity at different stages during continuous exhalation, providing more complete data support for subsequent analysis of exhaled gas composition and lung function assessment, thereby improving the accuracy and clinical reference value of the expiratory test results.

[0047] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1-10 Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: by utilizing the formation time of each independent air chamber, the total continuous exhalation time of the patient, and the corresponding volume of each independent air chamber, the patient's exhaled gas is automatically segmented and samples from different stages are automatically recombined, so that the initial gas, middle gas and tail gas can be detected and analyzed separately in the subsequent process.

[0048] After the patient completes a continuous exhalation and the air pressure detection module 604 detects a rapid drop in pressure, the control module immediately controls the leftmost electromagnetic valve 606 to close, so that all the independent air chambers inside the waveform airbag 602 are in a completely sealed state. Since each electromagnetic valve 606 closes sequentially according to a preset pressure threshold during the patient's continuous exhalation, each independent air chamber corresponds to the exhaled gas at different time periods during the patient's exhalation. At the same time, the control module has recorded the closing time, closing sequence, release time of the corresponding support ring 607, and the corresponding volume data detected by the ranging module 8 for each electromagnetic valve 606. Therefore, the control module can establish a time correspondence between each independent air chamber and the patient's exhalation process.

[0049] Subsequently, the control module calculates the patient's total expiratory time based on the start and end times of the patient's continuous exhalation and establishes a complete expiratory time axis. The control module can automatically divide the time using preset ratios, such as dividing the total expiratory time into the initial expiratory time, the middle expiratory time, and the final expiratory time. Alternatively, it can dynamically analyze the patient's expiratory process based on the pressure change rate detected by the air pressure detection module 604, the airbag deployment speed detected by the ranging module 8, and the closing time of each electromagnetic opening and closing valve 606 during the patient's actual exhalation. This makes the division of each stage more consistent with the patient's actual expiratory pattern, rather than simply dividing it according to a fixed time ratio, thereby improving the adaptability of patients with different lung functions.

[0050] After the control module completes the expiratory time division, it compares the closing time of each electromagnetic valve 606 with the aforementioned early expiratory time, mid-expiratory time, and late expiratory time. It further determines the expiratory stage to which the gas sealed in each independent air chamber belongs. For example, if the closing times of the first to third electromagnetic valves 606 are all within the early expiratory time range, the control module determines that early expiratory samples are sealed in the first to third independent air chambers. If the closing times of the fourth to seventh electromagnetic valves 606 are within the mid-expiratory time range, the corresponding independent air chambers are determined to contain mid-expiratory samples. If the closing times of the last few electromagnetic valves 606 are within the late expiratory time range, the corresponding independent air chambers are determined to contain late expiratory samples. The residual gas in the undeployed area of ​​the wave-shaped airbag 602 is considered as a sample from the end of the patient's exhalation stage and participates in the late expiratory gas analysis. The control module stores the above determination results and establishes a correspondence between each independent air chamber and the expiratory stage, providing a control basis for subsequent sample extraction.

[0051] When it is necessary to detect the first, middle, or last exhalation stages separately, the detection device is first connected to the left side of the fitting tube 3. According to the established correspondence, the control module only controls the adjacent electromagnetic valves 606 belonging to the same exhalation stage to open sequentially, while the electromagnetic valves 606 belonging to other exhalation stages remain closed. For example, when it is necessary to detect the first exhalation stage, the control module first opens the electromagnetic valves 606 between the independent air chambers of the first exhalation stage, so that the multiple independent air chambers corresponding to the first exhalation stage are reconnected to form a continuous sample, while the electromagnetic valves 606 connecting the middle and last exhalation stages remain closed, so that the samples of the three stages remain completely isolated. Subsequently, under the combined action of the self-restoring elasticity of the wave-shaped airbag 602 and the first spring 603, each exhalation sample is sequentially discharged into the detection device to complete the detection. After the detection of one gas stage is completed, the control module closes the corresponding electromagnetic valve 606 again and opens the electromagnetic valve 606 corresponding to the next gas stage, so that the last exhalation sample enters the detection device separately for analysis, thereby ensuring that the exhaled gases from different stages do not mix with each other.

[0052] Furthermore, the control module can also statistically analyze the sample volume of each independent air chamber within the same stage based on the volume data of each independent air chamber calculated in Embodiment 2, and calculate the proportions of the initial, mid, and final air chambers in the patient's total expiratory volume. Simultaneously, by combining the duration of each stage, the average flow rate of each stage, and the pressure changes in each stage, a model of the patient's expiratory stage changes is further established, providing more comprehensive data support for lung function assessment and exhaled gas composition analysis. Since this embodiment does not require pre-setting a fixed expiratory time for the patient, but automatically determines the stage to which the sample belongs based on the formation and closure time of each independent air chamber during the patient's actual exhalation, it can adapt to differences in vital capacity, expiratory speed, and expiratory duration among different patients. This enables automatic division, automatic recombination, and independent detection of the initial, mid, and final air chambers of the exhaled gas, improving the accuracy and repeatability of the exhaled gas analysis results at different stages, while avoiding the sample mixing problem caused by different patient expiratory capacities in traditional fixed-time sampling methods.

[0053] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 1-10 Based on Embodiments 1, 2 and 3, the present invention further realizes the automatic reset and continuous detection function after the device completes one human exhaled gas detection, so that the device can enter the next sampling state without manual disassembly or rearrangement of the waveform airbag 602, thereby improving the continuous use capability and detection efficiency of the device.

[0054] After the patient's corresponding front, middle and rear air sections have been tested, the control module first confirms that all samples that need to be tested have been discharged, and sends control signals to each electromagnetic valve 606 to close the electromagnetic valves 606 that were originally used to connect the air chambers of the same stage in sequence. Then, it reopens all the electromagnetic valves 606 in a preset order to restore the connection between all the independent air chambers inside the waveform airbag 602, eliminate the pressure difference between the independent air chambers, and restore the inside of the waveform airbag 602 to a unified cavity, creating conditions for subsequent contraction and reset.

[0055] Subsequently, the control module controls the detection equipment to stop pumping air, allowing the interior of the waveform airbag 602 to return to near ambient pressure. Under the combined action of the elasticity of the waveform airbag 602 material and the restoring force of the first spring 603, each of the already inflated independent air chambers begins to contract to the left in sequence. The support ring 607 moves to the left synchronously with the contraction of the waveform airbag 602, and each corrugated fold structure gradually returns to its initial folded state. During the contraction process, the ranging module 8 continuously detects the position change of the right end of the waveform airbag 602 and feeds the displacement data back to the control module in real time. The control module determines whether each support ring 607 has returned to its initial position in sequence based on the displacement change. When the ranging module 8 detects that the right end of the waveform airbag 602 has returned to its initial position, the control module determines that the waveform airbag 602 has completed full contraction.

[0056] As the wave-shaped airbag 602 gradually retracts, the control module synchronously controls the motor 704 to work in the opposite direction. The motor 704 drives the threaded rod 705 to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the threaded rod 705 is limited by several support rings 607 and cannot rotate. Therefore, with the cooperation of the threaded rod 705 and the threaded tube 703, the lifting plate 702 moves to the right along the limiting post 701 and exits each lifting hole 707 in sequence. As the lifting plate 702 exits the corresponding lifting hole 707, the column 706 gradually descends under its own weight and the action of the second spring 709, driving each baffle 710 to move downward in sequence. When each support ring 607 moves to the corresponding initial position, the corresponding baffle 710 abuts against the side of the support ring 607 again, forming a radial limit on the support ring 607 again, so that each support ring 607 is fixed in the initial position again, preventing the wave-shaped airbag 602 from accidentally deploying in the unsampled state.

[0057] The control module continues to read the data fed back by the ranging module 8 and the air pressure detection module 604, and performs a self-check on the current status of the device. When the ranging module 8 confirms that the right end of the waveform airbag 602 is at the initial zero position, the air pressure detection module 604 confirms that the internal pressure of the waveform airbag 602 has returned to the ambient pressure, all electromagnetic opening and closing valves 606 are in the open state, and the motor 704, lifting plate 702, column 706 and baffle 710 have all returned to their initial positions, the control module automatically completes the data storage for this test, and saves or uploads the total expiratory volume, the volume of each independent air chamber, the closing time of each electromagnetic opening and closing valve 606, the release sequence of each support ring 607, the gas correspondence of each stage, and the test results of the first, middle and last stages of gas to the external terminal. Then, the real-time cache data is cleared, and only the calibration parameters and control program are retained, so that the device returns to the standby state.

[0058] Before the next patient begins testing, disinfectant gas can be introduced into the device for sterilization. When the next patient begins testing, there is no need to manually adjust or reinstall the waveform airbag 602. The patient only needs to align their mouth with the fitting tube 3 and exhale continuously. The control module can then control the air pressure detection module 604, motor 704, lifting plate 702, column 706, baffle 710, electromagnetic opening and closing valve 606, and ranging module 8 to work together in sequence according to the process in Example 1 to complete a new round of phased collection of human exhaled gas, calculation of exhalation volume, division of exhalation phases, and sample testing. Since the entire reset process is completed automatically by the control module, the waveform airbag 602 always maintains a consistent initial state. Each independent air chamber opens and closes in the same order each time, which not only ensures the consistency of testing conditions between different patients, but also avoids the errors caused by manual reset, and improves the stability, repeatability, and automation of continuous testing of the device.

[0059] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for staged collection of exhaled human gas, characterized in that: It includes a fixed shell (1), a fitting tube (3) and a control module. The fixed shell (1) is also provided with a gas storage mechanism (6), a limiting mechanism (7) and a ranging module (8). The gas storage mechanism (6), the limiting mechanism (7) and the ranging module (8) are all controlled by the control module. The gas storage mechanism (6) includes: The wave-shaped airbag (602) is a foldable telescopic airbag used to store human exhaled gas and can extend and retract along the axis of the fixed shell (1) inside the fixed shell (1); The air pressure detection module (604) is used to detect the real-time air pressure of the communication path between the patient's mouth and the waveform airbag (602) and transmit it to the control module; A number of partition plates (605) and an electromagnetic valve (606) are provided. The partition plates (605) are fixedly installed at the minimum diameter formed between adjacent folds of the wave-shaped airbag (602) and divide the wave-shaped airbag (602) into several independent air chambers. The electromagnetic valve (606) is installed in the central through hole of the partition plate (605). The control module adjusts the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve (606) through the real-time air pressure data input by the air pressure detection module (604) to control the gas communication state between adjacent independent air chambers. Support ring (607), the support ring (607) is fixed to the inner peripheral wall at the maximum diameter of each independent air chamber, and is used to support the corresponding independent air chamber, so that the wave airbag (602) forms a corrugated folded structure arranged sequentially along the axial direction; The ranging module (8) is used to detect the real-time distance between itself and the near point of the waveform airbag (602) and transmit it to the control module. The control module establishes a timestamp by inputting the value and the time of value change through the ranging module (8). The limiting mechanism (7) includes: Several baffles (710) are normally located on the outside between adjacent folds of the wave-shaped airbag (602) to block the support ring (607). The motor (704) is used to adjust the position of the baffle (710). It is controlled by the control module. The control module controls the motor (704) to adjust the position of the baffle (710) according to the real-time air pressure data input by the air pressure detection module (604).

2. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed shell (1) is fixedly connected to a bracket (2) on the outside, which is used to fix the fixed shell (1) to the external bracket so that the fitting tube (3) is suitable for the patient to perform expiratory collection in a sitting position.

3. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the fitting tube (3) is fixedly connected to the bottle mouth of the fixed shell (1) on one side. The side of the fitting tube (3) away from the fixed shell (1) has an arc-shaped structure, which is used to fit the patient's face and to fit the patient's breathing.

4. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixed shell (1) has an exhaust hole (4) on the side away from the fitting tube (3). The exhaust hole (4) is used to connect the inside of the fixed shell (1) with the outside, so that the gas inside the fixed shell (1) can be smoothly discharged during the expansion of the wave airbag (602).

5. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fixed shell (1) is provided with a groove (5), and a number of baffles (710) are arranged inside the groove (5). The wave-shaped airbag (602) is arranged in a corresponding position to the groove (5) to provide space for the movement of the baffles (710). When the baffles (710) do not block the support ring (607), they retract into the groove (5).

6. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas storage mechanism (6) also includes a connecting pipe (601), which is located inside the fixed shell (1). One end of the connecting pipe (601) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottle mouth of the fixed shell (1), and the other end of the connecting pipe (601) is fixedly connected to the left air inlet of the wave-shaped airbag (602). A first spring (603) is provided between the right outer wall of the wave-shaped airbag (602) and the right side of the inner wall of the fixed shell (1) to support the wave-shaped airbag (602). The air pressure detection module (604) is located in the middle of the connecting pipe (601), and the detection end of the air pressure detection module (604) extends into the connecting pipe (601).

7. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed shell (1) is provided with a limiting mechanism (7) on both the upper and lower sides. The limiting mechanism (7) also includes a limiting post (701). The limiting post (701) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed shell (1). A lifting plate (702) is inserted into the limiting post (701). A threaded tube (703) is fixedly connected to the right side of the lifting plate (702). The motor (704) is located on the right side of the limiting post (701). A threaded rod (705) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (704). The threaded rod (705) is located inside the threaded tube (703), and the outer wall of the threaded rod (705) is threadedly engaged with the inner wall of the threaded tube (703). A connecting rod (708) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the baffle (710). The connecting rod (708) extends to the outside of the fixed shell (1) and is fixedly connected to a column (706). A lifting hole (707) is provided on the column (706). A second spring (709) is provided between the outer wall of the column (706) and the outer wall of the fixed shell (1). The second spring (709) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod (708).

8. The exhaled human gas staged collection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the corrugated folded structures of the wave-shaped airbag (602) is provided with a baffle (710). Several baffles (710) are respectively arranged on the right side of several support rings (607). The baffles (710) and the support rings (607) are respectively arranged in corresponding positions. The columns (706) on the upper part of each baffle (710) are all located on the path of the lifting plate (702) moving to the left.

9. A staged exhaled human gas collection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower side of the lifting plate (702) is lower than the upper side of the inner wall of the lifting hole (707), and the upper surface of the lifting plate (702) is higher than the upper surface of the column (706). The height difference between the upper surface of the lifting plate (702) and the upper surface of the column (706) is greater than the thickness of the baffle (710) located on the right side of the support ring (607). This is used for the motor (704) to move the lifting plate (702) so that the baffle (710) is moved out of the corresponding support ring (607) on the right side.

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